diff --git a/configure.ac b/configure.ac
--- a/configure.ac
+++ b/configure.ac
@@ -825,6 +825,21 @@
   ]
 )
 
+AC_MSG_CHECKING([for thread_local support])
+case $host in
+  i?86-*mingw*)
+    # Disable thread_local for mingw on 32 bits targets. See discussion in:
+    # https://github.com/bitcoin/bitcoin/pull/15849/files#r280537603
+    # and bug report:
+    # https://gcc.gnu.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=83562
+    AC_MSG_RESULT(no)
+    ;;
+  *)
+    AC_DEFINE(HAVE_THREAD_LOCAL,1,[Define if thread_local is supported.])
+    AC_MSG_RESULT(yes)
+    ;;
+esac
+
 # Check for different ways of gathering OS randomness
 AC_MSG_CHECKING(for Linux getrandom syscall)
 AC_COMPILE_IFELSE([AC_LANG_PROGRAM([[#include <unistd.h>
diff --git a/src/config/CMakeLists.txt b/src/config/CMakeLists.txt
--- a/src/config/CMakeLists.txt
+++ b/src/config/CMakeLists.txt
@@ -201,6 +201,16 @@
 set(CMAKE_REQUIRED_LIBRARIES ${OPENSSL_CRYPTO_LIBRARY})
 check_symbol_exists(EVP_MD_CTX_new "openssl/evp.h" HAVE_DECL_EVP_MD_CTX_NEW)
 
+# Disable thread_local for mingw on 32 bits targets. See discussion in:
+# https://github.com/bitcoin/bitcoin/pull/15849/files#r280537603
+# and bug report:
+# https://gcc.gnu.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=83562
+if(NOT CMAKE_C_COMPILER_TARGET MATCHES "i[3-6]86-.*mingw.*")
+	set(HAVE_THREAD_LOCAL 1)
+else()
+	message(STATUS "Disabled thread_local for this platform")
+endif()
+
 # Activate wallet
 set(ENABLE_WALLET ${BUILD_BITCOIN_WALLET})
 
diff --git a/src/config/bitcoin-config.h.cmake.in b/src/config/bitcoin-config.h.cmake.in
--- a/src/config/bitcoin-config.h.cmake.in
+++ b/src/config/bitcoin-config.h.cmake.in
@@ -60,6 +60,8 @@
 
 #cmakedefine HAVE_DECL_EVP_MD_CTX_NEW 1
 
+#cmakedefine HAVE_THREAD_LOCAL 1
+
 #define FDELT_TYPE ${FDELT_TYPE}
 
 #cmakedefine ENABLE_BIP70 1
diff --git a/src/test/util_threadnames_tests.cpp b/src/test/util_threadnames_tests.cpp
--- a/src/test/util_threadnames_tests.cpp
+++ b/src/test/util_threadnames_tests.cpp
@@ -55,6 +55,11 @@
 BOOST_AUTO_TEST_CASE(util_threadnames_test_rename_threaded) {
     BOOST_CHECK_EQUAL(util::ThreadGetInternalName(), "");
 
+#if !defined(HAVE_THREAD_LOCAL)
+    // This test doesn't apply to platforms where we don't have thread_local.
+    return;
+#endif
+
     std::set<std::string> names = RenameEnMasse(100);
 
     BOOST_CHECK_EQUAL(names.size(), 100);
diff --git a/src/util/threadnames.cpp b/src/util/threadnames.cpp
--- a/src/util/threadnames.cpp
+++ b/src/util/threadnames.cpp
@@ -35,6 +35,10 @@
 #endif
 }
 
+// If we have thread_local, just keep thread ID and name in a thread_local
+// global.
+#if defined(HAVE_THREAD_LOCAL)
+
 static thread_local std::string g_thread_name;
 const std::string &util::ThreadGetInternalName() {
     return g_thread_name;
@@ -45,6 +49,17 @@
     g_thread_name = std::move(name);
 }
 
+// Without thread_local available, don't handle internal name at all.
+#else
+
+static const std::string empty_string;
+const std::string &util::ThreadGetInternalName() {
+    return empty_string;
+}
+static void SetInternalName(std::string name) {}
+
+#endif // defined(HAVE_THREAD_LOCAL)
+
 void util::ThreadRename(std::string &&name) {
     SetThreadName(("b-" + name).c_str());
     SetInternalName(std::move(name));