diff --git a/src/fs.cpp b/src/fs.cpp
--- a/src/fs.cpp
+++ b/src/fs.cpp
@@ -11,6 +11,7 @@
 #include <sys/file.h>
 #include <sys/utsname.h>
 #else
+#define NOMINMAX
 #include <codecvt>
 #include <windows.h>
 #endif
@@ -110,7 +111,8 @@
     }
     _OVERLAPPED overlapped = {0};
     if (!LockFileEx(hFile, LOCKFILE_EXCLUSIVE_LOCK | LOCKFILE_FAIL_IMMEDIATELY,
-                    0, 0, 0, &overlapped)) {
+                    0, std::numeric_limits<DWORD>::max(),
+                    std::numeric_limits<DWORD>::max(), &overlapped)) {
         reason = GetErrorReason();
         return false;
     }
diff --git a/test/functional/feature_filelock.py b/test/functional/feature_filelock.py
new file mode 100755
--- /dev/null
+++ b/test/functional/feature_filelock.py
@@ -0,0 +1,47 @@
+#!/usr/bin/env python3
+# Copyright (c) 2018 The Bitcoin Core developers
+# Distributed under the MIT software license, see the accompanying
+# file COPYING or http://www.opensource.org/licenses/mit-license.php.
+"""Check that it's not possible to start a second bitcoind instance using the same datadir or wallet."""
+import os
+
+from test_framework.test_framework import BitcoinTestFramework
+from test_framework.test_node import ErrorMatch
+
+
+class FilelockTest(BitcoinTestFramework):
+    def set_test_params(self):
+        self.setup_clean_chain = True
+        self.num_nodes = 2
+
+    def setup_network(self):
+        self.add_nodes(self.num_nodes, extra_args=None)
+        self.nodes[0].start([])
+        self.nodes[0].wait_for_rpc_connection()
+
+    def run_test(self):
+        datadir = os.path.join(self.nodes[0].datadir, 'regtest')
+        self.log.info("Using datadir {}".format(datadir))
+
+        self.log.info(
+            "Check that we can't start a second bitcoind instance using the same datadir")
+        expected_msg = "Error: Cannot obtain a lock on data directory {}. Bitcoin ABC is probably already running.".format(
+            datadir)
+        self.nodes[1].assert_start_raises_init_error(extra_args=[
+                                                     '-datadir={}'.format(self.nodes[0].datadir), '-noserver'], expected_msg=expected_msg)
+
+        if self.is_wallet_compiled():
+            wallet_dir = os.path.join(datadir, 'wallets')
+            self.log.info(
+                "Check that we can't start a second bitcoind instance using the same wallet")
+            expected_msg = "Error: Error initializing wallet database environment"
+            self.nodes[1].assert_start_raises_init_error(
+                extra_args=[
+                    '-walletdir={}'.format(wallet_dir),
+                    '-noserver'],
+                expected_msg=expected_msg,
+                match=ErrorMatch.PARTIAL_REGEX)
+
+
+if __name__ == '__main__':
+    FilelockTest().main()