netbase.cpp
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	// Copyright (c) 2009-2010 Satoshi Nakamoto
	// Copyright (c) 2009-2015 The Bitcoin Core developers
	// Distributed under the MIT software license, see the accompanying
	// file COPYING or http://www.opensource.org/licenses/mit-license.php.

	#ifdef HAVE_CONFIG_H
	#include "config/bitcoin-config.h"
	#endif

	#include "netbase.h"

	#include "hash.h"
	#include "sync.h"
	#include "uint256.h"
	#include "random.h"
	#include "util.h"
	#include "utilstrencodings.h"

	#include <atomic>

	#ifndef WIN32
	#include <fcntl.h>
	#endif

	#include <boost/algorithm/string/case_conv.hpp> // for to_lower()
	#include <boost/algorithm/string/predicate.hpp> // for startswith() and endswith()

	#if !defined(HAVE_MSG_NOSIGNAL) && !defined(MSG_NOSIGNAL)
	#define MSG_NOSIGNAL 0
	#endif

	// Settings
	static proxyType proxyInfo[NET_MAX];
	static proxyType nameProxy;
	static CCriticalSection cs_proxyInfos;
	int nConnectTimeout = DEFAULT_CONNECT_TIMEOUT;
	bool fNameLookup = DEFAULT_NAME_LOOKUP;

	// Need ample time for negotiation for very slow proxies such as Tor (milliseconds)
	static const int SOCKS5_RECV_TIMEOUT = 20 * 1000;
	static std::atomic<bool> interruptSocks5Recv(false);

	enum Network ParseNetwork(std::string net) {
	boost::to_lower(net);
	if (net == "ipv4") return NET_IPV4;
	if (net == "ipv6") return NET_IPV6;
	if (net == "tor" \|\| net == "onion") return NET_TOR;
	return NET_UNROUTABLE;
	}

	std::string GetNetworkName(enum Network net) {
	switch(net)
	{
	case NET_IPV4: return "ipv4";
	case NET_IPV6: return "ipv6";
	case NET_TOR: return "onion";
	default: return "";
	}
	}

	void SplitHostPort(std::string in, int &portOut, std::string &hostOut) {
	size_t colon = in.find_last_of(':');
	// if a : is found, and it either follows a [...], or no other : is in the string, treat it as port separator
	bool fHaveColon = colon != in.npos;
	bool fBracketed = fHaveColon && (in[0]=='[' && in[colon-1]==']'); // if there is a colon, and in[0]=='[', colon is not 0, so in[colon-1] is safe
	bool fMultiColon = fHaveColon && (in.find_last_of(':',colon-1) != in.npos);
	if (fHaveColon && (colon==0 \|\| fBracketed \|\| !fMultiColon)) {
	int32_t n;
	if (ParseInt32(in.substr(colon + 1), &n) && n > 0 && n < 0x10000) {
	in = in.substr(0, colon);
	portOut = n;
	}
	}
	if (in.size()>0 && in[0] == '[' && in[in.size()-1] == ']')
	hostOut = in.substr(1, in.size()-2);
	else
	hostOut = in;
	}

	bool static LookupIntern(const char *pszName, std::vector<CNetAddr>& vIP, unsigned int nMaxSolutions, bool fAllowLookup)
	{
	vIP.clear();

	{
	CNetAddr addr;
	if (addr.SetSpecial(std::string(pszName))) {
	vIP.push_back(addr);
	return true;
	}
	}

	struct addrinfo aiHint;
	memset(&aiHint, 0, sizeof(struct addrinfo));

	aiHint.ai_socktype = SOCK_STREAM;
	aiHint.ai_protocol = IPPROTO_TCP;
	aiHint.ai_family = AF_UNSPEC;
	#ifdef WIN32
	aiHint.ai_flags = fAllowLookup ? 0 : AI_NUMERICHOST;
	#else
	aiHint.ai_flags = fAllowLookup ? AI_ADDRCONFIG : AI_NUMERICHOST;
	#endif
	struct addrinfo *aiRes = NULL;
	int nErr = getaddrinfo(pszName, NULL, &aiHint, &aiRes);
	if (nErr)
	return false;

	struct addrinfo *aiTrav = aiRes;
	while (aiTrav != NULL && (nMaxSolutions == 0 \|\| vIP.size() < nMaxSolutions))
	{
	if (aiTrav->ai_family == AF_INET)
	{
	assert(aiTrav->ai_addrlen >= sizeof(sockaddr_in));
	vIP.push_back(CNetAddr(((struct sockaddr_in*)(aiTrav->ai_addr))->sin_addr));
	}

	if (aiTrav->ai_family == AF_INET6)
	{
	assert(aiTrav->ai_addrlen >= sizeof(sockaddr_in6));
	struct sockaddr_in6* s6 = (struct sockaddr_in6*) aiTrav->ai_addr;
	vIP.push_back(CNetAddr(s6->sin6_addr, s6->sin6_scope_id));
	}

	aiTrav = aiTrav->ai_next;
	}

	freeaddrinfo(aiRes);

	return (vIP.size() > 0);
	}

	bool LookupHost(const char *pszName, std::vector<CNetAddr>& vIP, unsigned int nMaxSolutions, bool fAllowLookup)
	{
	std::string strHost(pszName);
	if (strHost.empty())
	return false;
	if (boost::algorithm::starts_with(strHost, "[") && boost::algorithm::ends_with(strHost, "]"))
	{
	strHost = strHost.substr(1, strHost.size() - 2);
	}

	return LookupIntern(strHost.c_str(), vIP, nMaxSolutions, fAllowLookup);
	}

	bool LookupHost(const char *pszName, CNetAddr& addr, bool fAllowLookup)
	{
	std::vector<CNetAddr> vIP;
	LookupHost(pszName, vIP, 1, fAllowLookup);
	if(vIP.empty())
	return false;
	addr = vIP.front();
	return true;
	}

	bool Lookup(const char *pszName, std::vector<CService>& vAddr, int portDefault, bool fAllowLookup, unsigned int nMaxSolutions)
	{
	if (pszName[0] == 0)
	return false;
	int port = portDefault;
	std::string hostname = "";
	SplitHostPort(std::string(pszName), port, hostname);

	std::vector<CNetAddr> vIP;
	bool fRet = LookupIntern(hostname.c_str(), vIP, nMaxSolutions, fAllowLookup);
	if (!fRet)
	return false;
	vAddr.resize(vIP.size());
	for (unsigned int i = 0; i < vIP.size(); i++)
	vAddr[i] = CService(vIP[i], port);
	return true;
	}

	bool Lookup(const char *pszName, CService& addr, int portDefault, bool fAllowLookup)
	{
	std::vector<CService> vService;
	bool fRet = Lookup(pszName, vService, portDefault, fAllowLookup, 1);
	if (!fRet)
	return false;
	addr = vService[0];
	return true;
	}

	CService LookupNumeric(const char *pszName, int portDefault)
	{
	CService addr;
	// "1.2:345" will fail to resolve the ip, but will still set the port.
	// If the ip fails to resolve, re-init the result.
	if(!Lookup(pszName, addr, portDefault, false))
	addr = CService();
	return addr;
	}

	struct timeval MillisToTimeval(int64_t nTimeout)
	{
	struct timeval timeout;
	timeout.tv_sec = nTimeout / 1000;
	timeout.tv_usec = (nTimeout % 1000) * 1000;
	return timeout;
	}

	/**
	* Read bytes from socket. This will either read the full number of bytes requested
	* or return False on error or timeout.
	* This function can be interrupted by calling InterruptSocks5()
	*
	* @param data Buffer to receive into
	* @param len Length of data to receive
	* @param timeout Timeout in milliseconds for receive operation
	*
	* @note This function requires that hSocket is in non-blocking mode.
	*/
	bool static InterruptibleRecv(char* data, size_t len, int timeout, SOCKET& hSocket)
	{
	int64_t curTime = GetTimeMillis();
	int64_t endTime = curTime + timeout;
	// Maximum time to wait in one select call. It will take up until this time (in millis)
	// to break off in case of an interruption.
	const int64_t maxWait = 1000;
	while (len > 0 && curTime < endTime) {
	ssize_t ret = recv(hSocket, data, len, 0); // Optimistically try the recv first
	if (ret > 0) {
	len -= ret;
	data += ret;
	} else if (ret == 0) { // Unexpected disconnection
	return false;
	} else { // Other error or blocking
	int nErr = WSAGetLastError();
	if (nErr == WSAEINPROGRESS \|\| nErr == WSAEWOULDBLOCK \|\| nErr == WSAEINVAL) {
	if (!IsSelectableSocket(hSocket)) {
	return false;
	}
	struct timeval tval = MillisToTimeval(std::min(endTime - curTime, maxWait));
	fd_set fdset;
	FD_ZERO(&fdset);
	FD_SET(hSocket, &fdset);
	int nRet = select(hSocket + 1, &fdset, NULL, NULL, &tval);
	if (nRet == SOCKET_ERROR) {
	return false;
	}
	} else {
	return false;
	}
	}
	if (interruptSocks5Recv)
	return false;
	curTime = GetTimeMillis();
	}
	return len == 0;
	}

	struct ProxyCredentials
	{
	std::string username;
	std::string password;
	};

	std::string Socks5ErrorString(int err)
	{
	switch(err) {
	case 0x01: return "general failure";
	case 0x02: return "connection not allowed";
	case 0x03: return "network unreachable";
	case 0x04: return "host unreachable";
	case 0x05: return "connection refused";
	case 0x06: return "TTL expired";
	case 0x07: return "protocol error";
	case 0x08: return "address type not supported";
	default: return "unknown";
	}
	}

	/** Connect using SOCKS5 (as described in RFC1928) */
	static bool Socks5(const std::string& strDest, int port, const ProxyCredentials *auth, SOCKET& hSocket)
	{
	LogPrint("net", "SOCKS5 connecting %s\n", strDest);
	if (strDest.size() > 255) {
	CloseSocket(hSocket);
	return error("Hostname too long");
	}
	// Accepted authentication methods
	std::vector<uint8_t> vSocks5Init;
	vSocks5Init.push_back(0x05);
	if (auth) {
	vSocks5Init.push_back(0x02); // # METHODS
	vSocks5Init.push_back(0x00); // X'00' NO AUTHENTICATION REQUIRED
	vSocks5Init.push_back(0x02); // X'02' USERNAME/PASSWORD (RFC1929)
	} else {
	vSocks5Init.push_back(0x01); // # METHODS
	vSocks5Init.push_back(0x00); // X'00' NO AUTHENTICATION REQUIRED
	}
	ssize_t ret = send(hSocket, (const char*)vSocks5Init.data(), vSocks5Init.size(), MSG_NOSIGNAL);
	if (ret != (ssize_t)vSocks5Init.size()) {
	CloseSocket(hSocket);
	return error("Error sending to proxy");
	}
	char pchRet1[2];
	if (!InterruptibleRecv(pchRet1, 2, SOCKS5_RECV_TIMEOUT, hSocket)) {
	CloseSocket(hSocket);
	LogPrintf("Socks5() connect to %s:%d failed: InterruptibleRecv() timeout or other failure\n", strDest, port);
	return false;
	}
	if (pchRet1[0] != 0x05) {
	CloseSocket(hSocket);
	return error("Proxy failed to initialize");
	}
	if (pchRet1[1] == 0x02 && auth) {
	// Perform username/password authentication (as described in RFC1929)
	std::vector<uint8_t> vAuth;
	vAuth.push_back(0x01);
	if (auth->username.size() > 255 \|\| auth->password.size() > 255)
	return error("Proxy username or password too long");
	vAuth.push_back(auth->username.size());
	vAuth.insert(vAuth.end(), auth->username.begin(), auth->username.end());
	vAuth.push_back(auth->password.size());
	vAuth.insert(vAuth.end(), auth->password.begin(), auth->password.end());
	ret = send(hSocket, (const char*)vAuth.data(), vAuth.size(), MSG_NOSIGNAL);
	if (ret != (ssize_t)vAuth.size()) {
	CloseSocket(hSocket);
	return error("Error sending authentication to proxy");
	}
	LogPrint("proxy", "SOCKS5 sending proxy authentication %s:%s\n", auth->username, auth->password);
	char pchRetA[2];
	if (!InterruptibleRecv(pchRetA, 2, SOCKS5_RECV_TIMEOUT, hSocket)) {
	CloseSocket(hSocket);
	return error("Error reading proxy authentication response");
	}
	if (pchRetA[0] != 0x01 \|\| pchRetA[1] != 0x00) {
	CloseSocket(hSocket);
	return error("Proxy authentication unsuccessful");
	}
	} else if (pchRet1[1] == 0x00) {
	// Perform no authentication
	} else {
	CloseSocket(hSocket);
	return error("Proxy requested wrong authentication method %02x", pchRet1[1]);
	}
	std::vector<uint8_t> vSocks5;
	vSocks5.push_back(0x05); // VER protocol version
	vSocks5.push_back(0x01); // CMD CONNECT
	vSocks5.push_back(0x00); // RSV Reserved
	vSocks5.push_back(0x03); // ATYP DOMAINNAME
	vSocks5.push_back(strDest.size()); // Length<=255 is checked at beginning of function
	vSocks5.insert(vSocks5.end(), strDest.begin(), strDest.end());
	vSocks5.push_back((port >> 8) & 0xFF);
	vSocks5.push_back((port >> 0) & 0xFF);
	ret = send(hSocket, (const char*)vSocks5.data(), vSocks5.size(), MSG_NOSIGNAL);
	if (ret != (ssize_t)vSocks5.size()) {
	CloseSocket(hSocket);
	return error("Error sending to proxy");
	}
	char pchRet2[4];
	if (!InterruptibleRecv(pchRet2, 4, SOCKS5_RECV_TIMEOUT, hSocket)) {
	CloseSocket(hSocket);
	return error("Error reading proxy response");
	}
	if (pchRet2[0] != 0x05) {
	CloseSocket(hSocket);
	return error("Proxy failed to accept request");
	}
	if (pchRet2[1] != 0x00) {
	// Failures to connect to a peer that are not proxy errors
	CloseSocket(hSocket);
	LogPrintf("Socks5() connect to %s:%d failed: %s\n", strDest, port, Socks5ErrorString(pchRet2[1]));
	return false;
	}
	if (pchRet2[2] != 0x00) {
	CloseSocket(hSocket);
	return error("Error: malformed proxy response");
	}
	char pchRet3[256];
	switch (pchRet2[3])
	{
	case 0x01: ret = InterruptibleRecv(pchRet3, 4, SOCKS5_RECV_TIMEOUT, hSocket); break;
	case 0x04: ret = InterruptibleRecv(pchRet3, 16, SOCKS5_RECV_TIMEOUT, hSocket); break;
	case 0x03:
	{
	ret = InterruptibleRecv(pchRet3, 1, SOCKS5_RECV_TIMEOUT, hSocket);
	if (!ret) {
	CloseSocket(hSocket);
	return error("Error reading from proxy");
	}
	int nRecv = pchRet3[0];
	ret = InterruptibleRecv(pchRet3, nRecv, SOCKS5_RECV_TIMEOUT, hSocket);
	break;
	}
	default: CloseSocket(hSocket); return error("Error: malformed proxy response");
	}
	if (!ret) {
	CloseSocket(hSocket);
	return error("Error reading from proxy");
	}
	if (!InterruptibleRecv(pchRet3, 2, SOCKS5_RECV_TIMEOUT, hSocket)) {
	CloseSocket(hSocket);
	return error("Error reading from proxy");
	}
	LogPrint("net", "SOCKS5 connected %s\n", strDest);
	return true;
	}

	bool static ConnectSocketDirectly(const CService &addrConnect, SOCKET& hSocketRet, int nTimeout)
	{
	hSocketRet = INVALID_SOCKET;

	struct sockaddr_storage sockaddr;
	socklen_t len = sizeof(sockaddr);
	if (!addrConnect.GetSockAddr((struct sockaddr*)&sockaddr, &len)) {
	LogPrintf("Cannot connect to %s: unsupported network\n", addrConnect.ToString());
	return false;
	}

	SOCKET hSocket = socket(((struct sockaddr*)&sockaddr)->sa_family, SOCK_STREAM, IPPROTO_TCP);
	if (hSocket == INVALID_SOCKET)
	return false;

	int set = 1;
	#ifdef SO_NOSIGPIPE
	// Different way of disabling SIGPIPE on BSD
	setsockopt(hSocket, SOL_SOCKET, SO_NOSIGPIPE, (void*)&set, sizeof(int));
	#endif

	//Disable Nagle's algorithm
	#ifdef WIN32
	setsockopt(hSocket, IPPROTO_TCP, TCP_NODELAY, (const char*)&set, sizeof(int));
	#else
	setsockopt(hSocket, IPPROTO_TCP, TCP_NODELAY, (void*)&set, sizeof(int));
	#endif

	// Set to non-blocking
	if (!SetSocketNonBlocking(hSocket, true))
	return error("ConnectSocketDirectly: Setting socket to non-blocking failed, error %s\n", NetworkErrorString(WSAGetLastError()));

	if (connect(hSocket, (struct sockaddr*)&sockaddr, len) == SOCKET_ERROR)
	{
	int nErr = WSAGetLastError();
	// WSAEINVAL is here because some legacy version of winsock uses it
	if (nErr == WSAEINPROGRESS \|\| nErr == WSAEWOULDBLOCK \|\| nErr == WSAEINVAL)
	{
	struct timeval timeout = MillisToTimeval(nTimeout);
	fd_set fdset;
	FD_ZERO(&fdset);
	FD_SET(hSocket, &fdset);
	int nRet = select(hSocket + 1, NULL, &fdset, NULL, &timeout);
	if (nRet == 0)
	{
	LogPrint("net", "connection to %s timeout\n", addrConnect.ToString());
	CloseSocket(hSocket);
	return false;
	}
	if (nRet == SOCKET_ERROR)
	{
	LogPrintf("select() for %s failed: %s\n", addrConnect.ToString(), NetworkErrorString(WSAGetLastError()));
	CloseSocket(hSocket);
	return false;
	}
	socklen_t nRetSize = sizeof(nRet);
	#ifdef WIN32
	if (getsockopt(hSocket, SOL_SOCKET, SO_ERROR, (char*)(&nRet), &nRetSize) == SOCKET_ERROR)
	#else
	if (getsockopt(hSocket, SOL_SOCKET, SO_ERROR, &nRet, &nRetSize) == SOCKET_ERROR)
	#endif
	{
	LogPrintf("getsockopt() for %s failed: %s\n", addrConnect.ToString(), NetworkErrorString(WSAGetLastError()));
	CloseSocket(hSocket);
	return false;
	}
	if (nRet != 0)
	{
	LogPrintf("connect() to %s failed after select(): %s\n", addrConnect.ToString(), NetworkErrorString(nRet));
	CloseSocket(hSocket);
	return false;
	}
	}
	#ifdef WIN32
	else if (WSAGetLastError() != WSAEISCONN)
	#else
	else
	#endif
	{
	LogPrintf("connect() to %s failed: %s\n", addrConnect.ToString(), NetworkErrorString(WSAGetLastError()));
	CloseSocket(hSocket);
	return false;
	}
	}

	hSocketRet = hSocket;
	return true;
	}

	bool SetProxy(enum Network net, const proxyType &addrProxy) {
	assert(net >= 0 && net < NET_MAX);
	if (!addrProxy.IsValid())
	return false;
	LOCK(cs_proxyInfos);
	proxyInfo[net] = addrProxy;
	return true;
	}

	bool GetProxy(enum Network net, proxyType &proxyInfoOut) {
	assert(net >= 0 && net < NET_MAX);
	LOCK(cs_proxyInfos);
	if (!proxyInfo[net].IsValid())
	return false;
	proxyInfoOut = proxyInfo[net];
	return true;
	}

	bool SetNameProxy(const proxyType &addrProxy) {
	if (!addrProxy.IsValid())
	return false;
	LOCK(cs_proxyInfos);
	nameProxy = addrProxy;
	return true;
	}

	bool GetNameProxy(proxyType &nameProxyOut) {
	LOCK(cs_proxyInfos);
	if(!nameProxy.IsValid())
	return false;
	nameProxyOut = nameProxy;
	return true;
	}

	bool HaveNameProxy() {
	LOCK(cs_proxyInfos);
	return nameProxy.IsValid();
	}

	bool IsProxy(const CNetAddr &addr) {
	LOCK(cs_proxyInfos);
	for (int i = 0; i < NET_MAX; i++) {
	if (addr == (CNetAddr)proxyInfo[i].proxy)
	return true;
	}
	return false;
	}

	static bool ConnectThroughProxy(const proxyType &proxy, const std::string& strDest, int port, SOCKET& hSocketRet, int nTimeout, bool *outProxyConnectionFailed)
	{
	SOCKET hSocket = INVALID_SOCKET;
	// first connect to proxy server
	if (!ConnectSocketDirectly(proxy.proxy, hSocket, nTimeout)) {
	if (outProxyConnectionFailed)
	*outProxyConnectionFailed = true;
	return false;
	}
	// do socks negotiation
	if (proxy.randomize_credentials) {
	ProxyCredentials random_auth;
	static std::atomic_int counter;
	random_auth.username = random_auth.password = strprintf("%i", counter++);
	if (!Socks5(strDest, (unsigned short)port, &random_auth, hSocket))
	return false;
	} else {
	if (!Socks5(strDest, (unsigned short)port, 0, hSocket))
	return false;
	}

	hSocketRet = hSocket;
	return true;
	}

	bool ConnectSocket(const CService &addrDest, SOCKET& hSocketRet, int nTimeout, bool *outProxyConnectionFailed)
	{
	proxyType proxy;
	if (outProxyConnectionFailed)
	*outProxyConnectionFailed = false;

	if (GetProxy(addrDest.GetNetwork(), proxy))
	return ConnectThroughProxy(proxy, addrDest.ToStringIP(), addrDest.GetPort(), hSocketRet, nTimeout, outProxyConnectionFailed);
	else // no proxy needed (none set for target network)
	return ConnectSocketDirectly(addrDest, hSocketRet, nTimeout);
	}

	bool ConnectSocketByName(CService &addr, SOCKET& hSocketRet, const char pszDest, int portDefault, int nTimeout, bool outProxyConnectionFailed)
	{
	std::string strDest;
	int port = portDefault;

	if (outProxyConnectionFailed)
	*outProxyConnectionFailed = false;

	SplitHostPort(std::string(pszDest), port, strDest);

	proxyType proxy;
	GetNameProxy(proxy);

	std::vector<CService> addrResolved;
	if (Lookup(strDest.c_str(), addrResolved, port, fNameLookup && !HaveNameProxy(), 256)) {
	if (addrResolved.size() > 0) {
	addr = addrResolved[GetRand(addrResolved.size())];
	return ConnectSocket(addr, hSocketRet, nTimeout);
	}
	}

	addr = CService();

	if (!HaveNameProxy())
	return false;
	return ConnectThroughProxy(proxy, strDest, port, hSocketRet, nTimeout, outProxyConnectionFailed);
	}

	bool LookupSubNet(const char* pszName, CSubNet& ret)
	{
	std::string strSubnet(pszName);
	size_t slash = strSubnet.find_last_of('/');
	std::vector<CNetAddr> vIP;

	std::string strAddress = strSubnet.substr(0, slash);
	if (LookupHost(strAddress.c_str(), vIP, 1, false))
	{
	CNetAddr network = vIP[0];
	if (slash != strSubnet.npos)
	{
	std::string strNetmask = strSubnet.substr(slash + 1);
	int32_t n;
	// IPv4 addresses start at offset 12, and first 12 bytes must match, so just offset n
	if (ParseInt32(strNetmask, &n)) { // If valid number, assume /24 syntax
	ret = CSubNet(network, n);
	return ret.IsValid();
	}
	else // If not a valid number, try full netmask syntax
	{
	// Never allow lookup for netmask
	if (LookupHost(strNetmask.c_str(), vIP, 1, false)) {
	ret = CSubNet(network, vIP[0]);
	return ret.IsValid();
	}
	}
	}
	else
	{
	ret = CSubNet(network);
	return ret.IsValid();
	}
	}
	return false;
	}

	#ifdef WIN32
	std::string NetworkErrorString(int err)
	{
	char buf[256];
	buf[0] = 0;
	if(FormatMessageA(FORMAT_MESSAGE_FROM_SYSTEM \| FORMAT_MESSAGE_IGNORE_INSERTS \| FORMAT_MESSAGE_MAX_WIDTH_MASK,
	NULL, err, MAKELANGID(LANG_NEUTRAL, SUBLANG_DEFAULT),
	buf, sizeof(buf), NULL))
	{
	return strprintf("%s (%d)", buf, err);
	}
	else
	{
	return strprintf("Unknown error (%d)", err);
	}
	}
	#else
	std::string NetworkErrorString(int err)
	{
	char buf[256];
	const char *s = buf;
	buf[0] = 0;
	/* Too bad there are two incompatible implementations of the
	* thread-safe strerror. */
	#ifdef STRERROR_R_CHAR_P /* GNU variant can return a pointer outside the passed buffer */
	s = strerror_r(err, buf, sizeof(buf));
	#else /* POSIX variant always returns message in buffer */
	if (strerror_r(err, buf, sizeof(buf)))
	buf[0] = 0;
	#endif
	return strprintf("%s (%d)", s, err);
	}
	#endif

	bool CloseSocket(SOCKET& hSocket)
	{
	if (hSocket == INVALID_SOCKET)
	return false;
	#ifdef WIN32
	int ret = closesocket(hSocket);
	#else
	int ret = close(hSocket);
	#endif
	hSocket = INVALID_SOCKET;
	return ret != SOCKET_ERROR;
	}

	bool SetSocketNonBlocking(SOCKET& hSocket, bool fNonBlocking)
	{
	if (fNonBlocking) {
	#ifdef WIN32
	u_long nOne = 1;
	if (ioctlsocket(hSocket, FIONBIO, &nOne) == SOCKET_ERROR) {
	#else
	int fFlags = fcntl(hSocket, F_GETFL, 0);
	if (fcntl(hSocket, F_SETFL, fFlags \| O_NONBLOCK) == SOCKET_ERROR) {
	#endif
	CloseSocket(hSocket);
	return false;
	}
	} else {
	#ifdef WIN32
	u_long nZero = 0;
	if (ioctlsocket(hSocket, FIONBIO, &nZero) == SOCKET_ERROR) {
	#else
	int fFlags = fcntl(hSocket, F_GETFL, 0);
	if (fcntl(hSocket, F_SETFL, fFlags & ~O_NONBLOCK) == SOCKET_ERROR) {
	#endif
	CloseSocket(hSocket);
	return false;
	}
	}

	return true;
	}

	void InterruptSocks5(bool interrupt)
	{
	interruptSocks5Recv = interrupt;
	}

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