netaddress.cpp
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	// Copyright (c) 2009-2010 Satoshi Nakamoto
	// Copyright (c) 2009-2016 The Bitcoin Core developers
	// Distributed under the MIT software license, see the accompanying
	// file COPYING or http://www.opensource.org/licenses/mit-license.php.

	#ifdef HAVE_CONFIG_H
	#include "config/bitcoin-config.h"
	#endif

	#include "hash.h"
	#include "netaddress.h"
	#include "tinyformat.h"
	#include "utilstrencodings.h"

	static const uint8_t pchIPv4[12] = {0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0xff, 0xff};
	static const uint8_t pchOnionCat[] = {0xFD, 0x87, 0xD8, 0x7E, 0xEB, 0x43};

	void CNetAddr::Init() {
	memset(ip, 0, sizeof(ip));
	scopeId = 0;
	}

	void CNetAddr::SetIP(const CNetAddr &ipIn) {
	memcpy(ip, ipIn.ip, sizeof(ip));
	}

	void CNetAddr::SetRaw(Network network, const uint8_t *ip_in) {
	switch (network) {
	case NET_IPV4:
	memcpy(ip, pchIPv4, 12);
	memcpy(ip + 12, ip_in, 4);
	break;
	case NET_IPV6:
	memcpy(ip, ip_in, 16);
	break;
	default:
	assert(!"invalid network");
	}
	}

	bool CNetAddr::SetSpecial(const std::string &strName) {
	if (strName.size() > 6 &&
	strName.substr(strName.size() - 6, 6) == ".onion") {
	std::vector<uint8_t> vchAddr =
	DecodeBase32(strName.substr(0, strName.size() - 6).c_str());
	if (vchAddr.size() != 16 - sizeof(pchOnionCat)) return false;
	memcpy(ip, pchOnionCat, sizeof(pchOnionCat));
	for (unsigned int i = 0; i < 16 - sizeof(pchOnionCat); i++)
	ip[i + sizeof(pchOnionCat)] = vchAddr[i];
	return true;
	}
	return false;
	}

	CNetAddr::CNetAddr() {
	Init();
	}

	CNetAddr::CNetAddr(const struct in_addr &ipv4Addr) {
	SetRaw(NET_IPV4, (const uint8_t *)&ipv4Addr);
	}

	CNetAddr::CNetAddr(const struct in6_addr &ipv6Addr, const uint32_t scope) {
	SetRaw(NET_IPV6, (const uint8_t *)&ipv6Addr);
	scopeId = scope;
	}

	unsigned int CNetAddr::GetByte(int n) const {
	return ip[15 - n];
	}

	bool CNetAddr::IsIPv4() const {
	return (memcmp(ip, pchIPv4, sizeof(pchIPv4)) == 0);
	}

	bool CNetAddr::IsIPv6() const {
	return (!IsIPv4() && !IsTor());
	}

	bool CNetAddr::IsRFC1918() const {
	return IsIPv4() &&
	(GetByte(3) == 10 \|\| (GetByte(3) == 192 && GetByte(2) == 168) \|\|
	(GetByte(3) == 172 && (GetByte(2) >= 16 && GetByte(2) <= 31)));
	}

	bool CNetAddr::IsRFC2544() const {
	return IsIPv4() && GetByte(3) == 198 &&
	(GetByte(2) == 18 \|\| GetByte(2) == 19);
	}

	bool CNetAddr::IsRFC3927() const {
	return IsIPv4() && (GetByte(3) == 169 && GetByte(2) == 254);
	}

	bool CNetAddr::IsRFC6598() const {
	return IsIPv4() && GetByte(3) == 100 && GetByte(2) >= 64 &&
	GetByte(2) <= 127;
	}

	bool CNetAddr::IsRFC5737() const {
	return IsIPv4() &&
	((GetByte(3) == 192 && GetByte(2) == 0 && GetByte(1) == 2) \|\|
	(GetByte(3) == 198 && GetByte(2) == 51 && GetByte(1) == 100) \|\|
	(GetByte(3) == 203 && GetByte(2) == 0 && GetByte(1) == 113));
	}

	bool CNetAddr::IsRFC3849() const {
	return GetByte(15) == 0x20 && GetByte(14) == 0x01 && GetByte(13) == 0x0D &&
	GetByte(12) == 0xB8;
	}

	bool CNetAddr::IsRFC3964() const {
	return (GetByte(15) == 0x20 && GetByte(14) == 0x02);
	}

	bool CNetAddr::IsRFC6052() const {
	static const uint8_t pchRFC6052[] = {0, 0x64, 0xFF, 0x9B, 0, 0,
	0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0};
	return (memcmp(ip, pchRFC6052, sizeof(pchRFC6052)) == 0);
	}

	bool CNetAddr::IsRFC4380() const {
	return (GetByte(15) == 0x20 && GetByte(14) == 0x01 && GetByte(13) == 0 &&
	GetByte(12) == 0);
	}

	bool CNetAddr::IsRFC4862() const {
	static const uint8_t pchRFC4862[] = {0xFE, 0x80, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0};
	return (memcmp(ip, pchRFC4862, sizeof(pchRFC4862)) == 0);
	}

	bool CNetAddr::IsRFC4193() const {
	return ((GetByte(15) & 0xFE) == 0xFC);
	}

	bool CNetAddr::IsRFC6145() const {
	static const uint8_t pchRFC6145[] = {0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
	0, 0, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0, 0};
	return (memcmp(ip, pchRFC6145, sizeof(pchRFC6145)) == 0);
	}

	bool CNetAddr::IsRFC4843() const {
	return (GetByte(15) == 0x20 && GetByte(14) == 0x01 && GetByte(13) == 0x00 &&
	(GetByte(12) & 0xF0) == 0x10);
	}

	bool CNetAddr::IsTor() const {
	return (memcmp(ip, pchOnionCat, sizeof(pchOnionCat)) == 0);
	}

	bool CNetAddr::IsLocal() const {
	// IPv4 loopback
	if (IsIPv4() && (GetByte(3) == 127 \|\| GetByte(3) == 0)) return true;

	// IPv6 loopback (::1/128)
	static const uint8_t pchLocal[16] = {0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
	0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1};
	if (memcmp(ip, pchLocal, 16) == 0) return true;

	return false;
	}

	bool CNetAddr::IsMulticast() const {
	return (IsIPv4() && (GetByte(3) & 0xF0) == 0xE0) \|\| (GetByte(15) == 0xFF);
	}

	bool CNetAddr::IsValid() const {
	// Cleanup 3-byte shifted addresses caused by garbage in size field of addr
	// messages from versions before 0.2.9 checksum.
	// Two consecutive addr messages look like this:
	// header20 vectorlen3 addr26 addr26 addr26 header20 vectorlen3 addr26
	// addr26 addr26... so if the first length field is garbled, it reads the
	// second batch of addr misaligned by 3 bytes.
	if (memcmp(ip, pchIPv4 + 3, sizeof(pchIPv4) - 3) == 0) return false;

	// unspecified IPv6 address (::/128)
	uint8_t ipNone6[16] = {};
	if (memcmp(ip, ipNone6, 16) == 0) return false;

	// documentation IPv6 address
	if (IsRFC3849()) return false;

	if (IsIPv4()) {
	// INADDR_NONE
	uint32_t ipNone = INADDR_NONE;
	if (memcmp(ip + 12, &ipNone, 4) == 0) return false;

	// 0
	ipNone = 0;
	if (memcmp(ip + 12, &ipNone, 4) == 0) return false;
	}

	return true;
	}

	bool CNetAddr::IsRoutable() const {
	return IsValid() &&
	!(IsRFC1918() \|\| IsRFC2544() \|\| IsRFC3927() \|\| IsRFC4862() \|\|
	IsRFC6598() \|\| IsRFC5737() \|\| (IsRFC4193() && !IsTor()) \|\|
	IsRFC4843() \|\| IsLocal());
	}

	enum Network CNetAddr::GetNetwork() const {
	if (!IsRoutable()) return NET_UNROUTABLE;

	if (IsIPv4()) return NET_IPV4;

	if (IsTor()) return NET_TOR;

	return NET_IPV6;
	}

	std::string CNetAddr::ToStringIP() const {
	if (IsTor()) return EncodeBase32(&ip[6], 10) + ".onion";
	CService serv(*this, 0);
	struct sockaddr_storage sockaddr;
	socklen_t socklen = sizeof(sockaddr);
	if (serv.GetSockAddr((struct sockaddr *)&sockaddr, &socklen)) {
	char name[1025] = "";
	if (!getnameinfo((const struct sockaddr *)&sockaddr, socklen, name,
	sizeof(name), nullptr, 0, NI_NUMERICHOST))
	return std::string(name);
	}
	if (IsIPv4())
	return strprintf("%u.%u.%u.%u", GetByte(3), GetByte(2), GetByte(1),
	GetByte(0));
	else
	return strprintf(
	"%x:%x:%x:%x:%x:%x:%x:%x", GetByte(15) << 8 \| GetByte(14),
	GetByte(13) << 8 \| GetByte(12), GetByte(11) << 8 \| GetByte(10),
	GetByte(9) << 8 \| GetByte(8), GetByte(7) << 8 \| GetByte(6),
	GetByte(5) << 8 \| GetByte(4), GetByte(3) << 8 \| GetByte(2),
	GetByte(1) << 8 \| GetByte(0));
	}

	std::string CNetAddr::ToString() const {
	return ToStringIP();
	}

	bool operator==(const CNetAddr &a, const CNetAddr &b) {
	return (memcmp(a.ip, b.ip, 16) == 0);
	}

	bool operator!=(const CNetAddr &a, const CNetAddr &b) {
	return (memcmp(a.ip, b.ip, 16) != 0);
	}

	bool operator<(const CNetAddr &a, const CNetAddr &b) {
	return (memcmp(a.ip, b.ip, 16) < 0);
	}

	bool CNetAddr::GetInAddr(struct in_addr *pipv4Addr) const {
	if (!IsIPv4()) return false;
	memcpy(pipv4Addr, ip + 12, 4);
	return true;
	}

	bool CNetAddr::GetIn6Addr(struct in6_addr *pipv6Addr) const {
	memcpy(pipv6Addr, ip, 16);
	return true;
	}

	// get canonical identifier of an address' group no two connections will be
	// attempted to addresses with the same group
	std::vector<uint8_t> CNetAddr::GetGroup() const {
	std::vector<uint8_t> vchRet;
	int nClass = NET_IPV6;
	int nStartByte = 0;
	int nBits = 16;

	// all local addresses belong to the same group
	if (IsLocal()) {
	nClass = 255;
	nBits = 0;
	}

	if (!IsRoutable()) {
	// all unroutable addresses belong to the same group
	nClass = NET_UNROUTABLE;
	nBits = 0;
	} else if (IsIPv4() \|\| IsRFC6145() \|\| IsRFC6052()) {
	// for IPv4 addresses, '1' + the 16 higher-order bits of the IP includes
	// mapped IPv4, SIIT translated IPv4, and the well-known prefix
	nClass = NET_IPV4;
	nStartByte = 12;
	} else if (IsRFC3964()) {
	// for 6to4 tunnelled addresses, use the encapsulated IPv4 address
	nClass = NET_IPV4;
	nStartByte = 2;
	} else if (IsRFC4380()) {
	// for Teredo-tunnelled IPv6 addresses, use the encapsulated IPv4
	// address
	vchRet.push_back(NET_IPV4);
	vchRet.push_back(GetByte(3) ^ 0xFF);
	vchRet.push_back(GetByte(2) ^ 0xFF);
	return vchRet;
	} else if (IsTor()) {
	nClass = NET_TOR;
	nStartByte = 6;
	nBits = 4;
	} else if (GetByte(15) == 0x20 && GetByte(14) == 0x01 &&
	GetByte(13) == 0x04 && GetByte(12) == 0x70) {
	// for he.net, use /36 groups
	nBits = 36;
	} else {
	// for the rest of the IPv6 network, use /32 groups
	nBits = 32;
	}

	vchRet.push_back(nClass);
	while (nBits >= 8) {
	vchRet.push_back(GetByte(15 - nStartByte));
	nStartByte++;
	nBits -= 8;
	}
	if (nBits > 0)
	vchRet.push_back(GetByte(15 - nStartByte) \| ((1 << (8 - nBits)) - 1));

	return vchRet;
	}

	uint64_t CNetAddr::GetHash() const {
	uint256 hash = Hash(&ip[0], &ip[16]);
	uint64_t nRet;
	memcpy(&nRet, &hash, sizeof(nRet));
	return nRet;
	}

	// private extensions to enum Network, only returned by GetExtNetwork, and only
	// used in GetReachabilityFrom
	static const int NET_UNKNOWN = NET_MAX + 0;
	static const int NET_TEREDO = NET_MAX + 1;
	static int GetExtNetwork(const CNetAddr *addr) {
	if (addr == nullptr) return NET_UNKNOWN;
	if (addr->IsRFC4380()) return NET_TEREDO;
	return addr->GetNetwork();
	}

	/** Calculates a metric for how reachable (this) is from a given partner /
	int CNetAddr::GetReachabilityFrom(const CNetAddr *paddrPartner) const {
	enum Reachability {
	REACH_UNREACHABLE,
	REACH_DEFAULT,
	REACH_TEREDO,
	REACH_IPV6_WEAK,
	REACH_IPV4,
	REACH_IPV6_STRONG,
	REACH_PRIVATE
	};

	if (!IsRoutable()) return REACH_UNREACHABLE;

	int ourNet = GetExtNetwork(this);
	int theirNet = GetExtNetwork(paddrPartner);
	bool fTunnel = IsRFC3964() \|\| IsRFC6052() \|\| IsRFC6145();

	switch (theirNet) {
	case NET_IPV4:
	switch (ourNet) {
	default:
	return REACH_DEFAULT;
	case NET_IPV4:
	return REACH_IPV4;
	}
	case NET_IPV6:
	switch (ourNet) {
	default:
	return REACH_DEFAULT;
	case NET_TEREDO:
	return REACH_TEREDO;
	case NET_IPV4:
	return REACH_IPV4;
	// only prefer giving our IPv6 address if it's not tunnelled
	case NET_IPV6:
	return fTunnel ? REACH_IPV6_WEAK : REACH_IPV6_STRONG;
	}
	case NET_TOR:
	switch (ourNet) {
	default:
	return REACH_DEFAULT;
	// Tor users can connect to IPv4 as well
	case NET_IPV4:
	return REACH_IPV4;
	case NET_TOR:
	return REACH_PRIVATE;
	}
	case NET_TEREDO:
	switch (ourNet) {
	default:
	return REACH_DEFAULT;
	case NET_TEREDO:
	return REACH_TEREDO;
	case NET_IPV6:
	return REACH_IPV6_WEAK;
	case NET_IPV4:
	return REACH_IPV4;
	}
	case NET_UNKNOWN:
	case NET_UNROUTABLE:
	default:
	switch (ourNet) {
	default:
	return REACH_DEFAULT;
	case NET_TEREDO:
	return REACH_TEREDO;
	case NET_IPV6:
	return REACH_IPV6_WEAK;
	case NET_IPV4:
	return REACH_IPV4;
	// either from Tor, or don't care about our address
	case NET_TOR:
	return REACH_PRIVATE;
	}
	}
	}

	void CService::Init() {
	port = 0;
	}

	CService::CService() {
	Init();
	}

	CService::CService(const CNetAddr &cip, unsigned short portIn)
	: CNetAddr(cip), port(portIn) {}

	CService::CService(const struct in_addr &ipv4Addr, unsigned short portIn)
	: CNetAddr(ipv4Addr), port(portIn) {}

	CService::CService(const struct in6_addr &ipv6Addr, unsigned short portIn)
	: CNetAddr(ipv6Addr), port(portIn) {}

	CService::CService(const struct sockaddr_in &addr)
	: CNetAddr(addr.sin_addr), port(ntohs(addr.sin_port)) {
	assert(addr.sin_family == AF_INET);
	}

	CService::CService(const struct sockaddr_in6 &addr)
	: CNetAddr(addr.sin6_addr, addr.sin6_scope_id),
	port(ntohs(addr.sin6_port)) {
	assert(addr.sin6_family == AF_INET6);
	}

	bool CService::SetSockAddr(const struct sockaddr *paddr) {
	switch (paddr->sa_family) {
	case AF_INET:
	this = CService((const struct sockaddr_in *)paddr);
	return true;
	case AF_INET6:
	this = CService((const struct sockaddr_in6 *)paddr);
	return true;
	default:
	return false;
	}
	}

	unsigned short CService::GetPort() const {
	return port;
	}

	bool operator==(const CService &a, const CService &b) {
	return (CNetAddr)a == (CNetAddr)b && a.port == b.port;
	}

	bool operator!=(const CService &a, const CService &b) {
	return (CNetAddr)a != (CNetAddr)b \|\| a.port != b.port;
	}

	bool operator<(const CService &a, const CService &b) {
	return (CNetAddr)a < (CNetAddr)b \|\|
	((CNetAddr)a == (CNetAddr)b && a.port < b.port);
	}

	bool CService::GetSockAddr(struct sockaddr paddr, socklen_t addrlen) const {
	if (IsIPv4()) {
	if (*addrlen < (socklen_t)sizeof(struct sockaddr_in)) return false;
	*addrlen = sizeof(struct sockaddr_in);
	struct sockaddr_in paddrin = (struct sockaddr_in )paddr;
	memset(paddrin, 0, *addrlen);
	if (!GetInAddr(&paddrin->sin_addr)) return false;
	paddrin->sin_family = AF_INET;
	paddrin->sin_port = htons(port);
	return true;
	}
	if (IsIPv6()) {
	if (*addrlen < (socklen_t)sizeof(struct sockaddr_in6)) return false;
	*addrlen = sizeof(struct sockaddr_in6);
	struct sockaddr_in6 paddrin6 = (struct sockaddr_in6 )paddr;
	memset(paddrin6, 0, *addrlen);
	if (!GetIn6Addr(&paddrin6->sin6_addr)) return false;
	paddrin6->sin6_scope_id = scopeId;
	paddrin6->sin6_family = AF_INET6;
	paddrin6->sin6_port = htons(port);
	return true;
	}
	return false;
	}

	std::vector<uint8_t> CService::GetKey() const {
	std::vector<uint8_t> vKey;
	vKey.resize(18);
	memcpy(&vKey[0], ip, 16);
	vKey[16] = port / 0x100;
	vKey[17] = port & 0x0FF;
	return vKey;
	}

	std::string CService::ToStringPort() const {
	return strprintf("%u", port);
	}

	std::string CService::ToStringIPPort() const {
	if (IsIPv4() \|\| IsTor()) {
	return ToStringIP() + ":" + ToStringPort();
	} else {
	return "[" + ToStringIP() + "]:" + ToStringPort();
	}
	}

	std::string CService::ToString() const {
	return ToStringIPPort();
	}

	void CService::SetPort(unsigned short portIn) {
	port = portIn;
	}

	CSubNet::CSubNet() : valid(false) {
	memset(netmask, 0, sizeof(netmask));
	}

	CSubNet::CSubNet(const CNetAddr &addr, int32_t mask) {
	valid = true;
	network = addr;
	// Default to /32 (IPv4) or /128 (IPv6), i.e. match single address
	memset(netmask, 255, sizeof(netmask));

	// IPv4 addresses start at offset 12, and first 12 bytes must match, so just
	// offset n
	const int astartofs = network.IsIPv4() ? 12 : 0;

	// Only valid if in range of bits of address
	int32_t n = mask;
	if (n >= 0 && n <= (128 - astartofs * 8)) {
	n += astartofs * 8;
	// Clear bits [n..127]
	for (; n < 128; ++n)
	netmask[n >> 3] &= ~(1 << (7 - (n & 7)));
	} else {
	valid = false;
	}

	// Normalize network according to netmask
	for (int x = 0; x < 16; ++x) {
	network.ip[x] &= netmask[x];
	}
	}

	CSubNet::CSubNet(const CNetAddr &addr, const CNetAddr &mask) {
	valid = true;
	network = addr;
	// Default to /32 (IPv4) or /128 (IPv6), i.e. match single address
	memset(netmask, 255, sizeof(netmask));

	// IPv4 addresses start at offset 12, and first 12 bytes must match, so just
	// offset n
	const int astartofs = network.IsIPv4() ? 12 : 0;

	for (int x = astartofs; x < 16; ++x)
	netmask[x] = mask.ip[x];

	// Normalize network according to netmask
	for (int x = 0; x < 16; ++x)
	network.ip[x] &= netmask[x];
	}

	CSubNet::CSubNet(const CNetAddr &addr) : valid(addr.IsValid()) {
	memset(netmask, 255, sizeof(netmask));
	network = addr;
	}

	bool CSubNet::Match(const CNetAddr &addr) const {
	if (!valid \|\| !addr.IsValid()) return false;
	for (int x = 0; x < 16; ++x)
	if ((addr.ip[x] & netmask[x]) != network.ip[x]) return false;
	return true;
	}

	static inline int NetmaskBits(uint8_t x) {
	switch (x) {
	case 0x00:
	return 0;
	break;
	case 0x80:
	return 1;
	break;
	case 0xc0:
	return 2;
	break;
	case 0xe0:
	return 3;
	break;
	case 0xf0:
	return 4;
	break;
	case 0xf8:
	return 5;
	break;
	case 0xfc:
	return 6;
	break;
	case 0xfe:
	return 7;
	break;
	case 0xff:
	return 8;
	break;
	default:
	return -1;
	break;
	}
	}

	std::string CSubNet::ToString() const {
	/* Parse binary 1{n}0{N-n} to see if mask can be represented as /n */
	int cidr = 0;
	bool valid_cidr = true;
	int n = network.IsIPv4() ? 12 : 0;
	for (; n < 16 && netmask[n] == 0xff; ++n)
	cidr += 8;
	if (n < 16) {
	int bits = NetmaskBits(netmask[n]);
	if (bits < 0)
	valid_cidr = false;
	else
	cidr += bits;
	++n;
	}
	for (; n < 16 && valid_cidr; ++n)
	if (netmask[n] != 0x00) valid_cidr = false;

	/* Format output */
	std::string strNetmask;
	if (valid_cidr) {
	strNetmask = strprintf("%u", cidr);
	} else {
	if (network.IsIPv4())
	strNetmask = strprintf("%u.%u.%u.%u", netmask[12], netmask[13],
	netmask[14], netmask[15]);
	else
	strNetmask = strprintf(
	"%x:%x:%x:%x:%x:%x:%x:%x", netmask[0] << 8 \| netmask[1],
	netmask[2] << 8 \| netmask[3], netmask[4] << 8 \| netmask[5],
	netmask[6] << 8 \| netmask[7], netmask[8] << 8 \| netmask[9],
	netmask[10] << 8 \| netmask[11], netmask[12] << 8 \| netmask[13],
	netmask[14] << 8 \| netmask[15]);
	}

	return network.ToString() + "/" + strNetmask;
	}

	bool CSubNet::IsValid() const {
	return valid;
	}

	bool operator==(const CSubNet &a, const CSubNet &b) {
	return a.valid == b.valid && a.network == b.network &&
	!memcmp(a.netmask, b.netmask, 16);
	}

	bool operator!=(const CSubNet &a, const CSubNet &b) {
	return !(a == b);
	}

	bool operator<(const CSubNet &a, const CSubNet &b) {
	return (a.network < b.network \|\|
	(a.network == b.network && memcmp(a.netmask, b.netmask, 16) < 0));
	}

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