db.cpp
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	// Copyright (c) 2009-2010 Satoshi Nakamoto
	// Copyright (c) 2009-2014 The Bitcoin Core developers
	// Distributed under the MIT software license, see the accompanying
	// file COPYING or http://www.opensource.org/licenses/mit-license.php.

	#include "db.h"

	#include "addrman.h"
	#include "hash.h"
	#include "protocol.h"
	#include "util.h"
	#include "utilstrencodings.h"

	#include <stdint.h>

	#ifndef WIN32
	#include <sys/stat.h>
	#endif

	#include <boost/filesystem.hpp>
	#include <boost/thread.hpp>
	#include <boost/version.hpp>

	using namespace std;


	unsigned int nWalletDBUpdated;


	//
	// CDB
	//

	CDBEnv bitdb;

	void CDBEnv::EnvShutdown()
	{
	if (!fDbEnvInit)
	return;

	fDbEnvInit = false;
	int ret = dbenv->close(0);
	if (ret != 0)
	LogPrintf("CDBEnv::EnvShutdown: Error %d shutting down database environment: %s\n", ret, DbEnv::strerror(ret));
	if (!fMockDb)
	DbEnv(0).remove(path.string().c_str(), 0);
	}

	void CDBEnv::Reset()
	{
	delete dbenv;
	dbenv = new DbEnv(DB_CXX_NO_EXCEPTIONS);
	fDbEnvInit = false;
	fMockDb = false;
	}

	CDBEnv::CDBEnv() : dbenv(NULL)
	{
	Reset();
	}

	CDBEnv::~CDBEnv()
	{
	EnvShutdown();
	delete dbenv;
	dbenv = NULL;
	}

	void CDBEnv::Close()
	{
	EnvShutdown();
	}

	bool CDBEnv::Open(const boost::filesystem::path& pathIn)
	{
	if (fDbEnvInit)
	return true;

	boost::this_thread::interruption_point();

	path = pathIn;
	boost::filesystem::path pathLogDir = path / "database";
	TryCreateDirectory(pathLogDir);
	boost::filesystem::path pathErrorFile = path / "db.log";
	LogPrintf("CDBEnv::Open: LogDir=%s ErrorFile=%s\n", pathLogDir.string(), pathErrorFile.string());

	unsigned int nEnvFlags = 0;
	if (GetBoolArg("-privdb", true))
	nEnvFlags \|= DB_PRIVATE;

	dbenv->set_lg_dir(pathLogDir.string().c_str());
	dbenv->set_cachesize(0, 0x100000, 1); // 1 MiB should be enough for just the wallet
	dbenv->set_lg_bsize(0x10000);
	dbenv->set_lg_max(1048576);
	dbenv->set_lk_max_locks(40000);
	dbenv->set_lk_max_objects(40000);
	dbenv->set_errfile(fopen(pathErrorFile.string().c_str(), "a")); /// debug
	dbenv->set_flags(DB_AUTO_COMMIT, 1);
	dbenv->set_flags(DB_TXN_WRITE_NOSYNC, 1);
	dbenv->log_set_config(DB_LOG_AUTO_REMOVE, 1);
	int ret = dbenv->open(path.string().c_str(),
	DB_CREATE \|
	DB_INIT_LOCK \|
	DB_INIT_LOG \|
	DB_INIT_MPOOL \|
	DB_INIT_TXN \|
	DB_THREAD \|
	DB_RECOVER \|
	nEnvFlags,
	S_IRUSR \| S_IWUSR);
	if (ret != 0)
	return error("CDBEnv::Open: Error %d opening database environment: %s\n", ret, DbEnv::strerror(ret));

	fDbEnvInit = true;
	fMockDb = false;
	return true;
	}

	void CDBEnv::MakeMock()
	{
	if (fDbEnvInit)
	throw runtime_error("CDBEnv::MakeMock: Already initialized");

	boost::this_thread::interruption_point();

	LogPrint("db", "CDBEnv::MakeMock\n");

	dbenv->set_cachesize(1, 0, 1);
	dbenv->set_lg_bsize(10485760 * 4);
	dbenv->set_lg_max(10485760);
	dbenv->set_lk_max_locks(10000);
	dbenv->set_lk_max_objects(10000);
	dbenv->set_flags(DB_AUTO_COMMIT, 1);
	dbenv->log_set_config(DB_LOG_IN_MEMORY, 1);
	int ret = dbenv->open(NULL,
	DB_CREATE \|
	DB_INIT_LOCK \|
	DB_INIT_LOG \|
	DB_INIT_MPOOL \|
	DB_INIT_TXN \|
	DB_THREAD \|
	DB_PRIVATE,
	S_IRUSR \| S_IWUSR);
	if (ret > 0)
	throw runtime_error(strprintf("CDBEnv::MakeMock: Error %d opening database environment.", ret));

	fDbEnvInit = true;
	fMockDb = true;
	}

	CDBEnv::VerifyResult CDBEnv::Verify(std::string strFile, bool (*recoverFunc)(CDBEnv& dbenv, std::string strFile))
	{
	LOCK(cs_db);
	assert(mapFileUseCount.count(strFile) == 0);

	Db db(dbenv, 0);
	int result = db.verify(strFile.c_str(), NULL, NULL, 0);
	if (result == 0)
	return VERIFY_OK;
	else if (recoverFunc == NULL)
	return RECOVER_FAIL;

	// Try to recover:
	bool fRecovered = (recoverFunc)(this, strFile);
	return (fRecovered ? RECOVER_OK : RECOVER_FAIL);
	}

	bool CDBEnv::Salvage(std::string strFile, bool fAggressive, std::vector<CDBEnv::KeyValPair>& vResult)
	{
	LOCK(cs_db);
	assert(mapFileUseCount.count(strFile) == 0);

	u_int32_t flags = DB_SALVAGE;
	if (fAggressive)
	flags \|= DB_AGGRESSIVE;

	stringstream strDump;

	Db db(dbenv, 0);
	int result = db.verify(strFile.c_str(), NULL, &strDump, flags);
	if (result == DB_VERIFY_BAD) {
	LogPrintf("CDBEnv::Salvage: Database salvage found errors, all data may not be recoverable.\n");
	if (!fAggressive) {
	LogPrintf("CDBEnv::Salvage: Rerun with aggressive mode to ignore errors and continue.\n");
	return false;
	}
	}
	if (result != 0 && result != DB_VERIFY_BAD) {
	LogPrintf("CDBEnv::Salvage: Database salvage failed with result %d.\n", result);
	return false;
	}

	// Format of bdb dump is ascii lines:
	// header lines...
	// HEADER=END
	// hexadecimal key
	// hexadecimal value
	// ... repeated
	// DATA=END

	string strLine;
	while (!strDump.eof() && strLine != "HEADER=END")
	getline(strDump, strLine); // Skip past header

	std::string keyHex, valueHex;
	while (!strDump.eof() && keyHex != "DATA=END") {
	getline(strDump, keyHex);
	if (keyHex != "DATA_END") {
	getline(strDump, valueHex);
	vResult.push_back(make_pair(ParseHex(keyHex), ParseHex(valueHex)));
	}
	}

	return (result == 0);
	}


	void CDBEnv::CheckpointLSN(const std::string& strFile)
	{
	dbenv->txn_checkpoint(0, 0, 0);
	if (fMockDb)
	return;
	dbenv->lsn_reset(strFile.c_str(), 0);
	}


	CDB::CDB(const std::string& strFilename, const char* pszMode, bool fFlushOnCloseIn) : pdb(NULL), activeTxn(NULL)
	{
	int ret;
	fReadOnly = (!strchr(pszMode, '+') && !strchr(pszMode, 'w'));
	fFlushOnClose = fFlushOnCloseIn;
	if (strFilename.empty())
	return;

	bool fCreate = strchr(pszMode, 'c') != NULL;
	unsigned int nFlags = DB_THREAD;
	if (fCreate)
	nFlags \|= DB_CREATE;

	{
	LOCK(bitdb.cs_db);
	if (!bitdb.Open(GetDataDir()))
	throw runtime_error("CDB: Failed to open database environment.");

	strFile = strFilename;
	++bitdb.mapFileUseCount[strFile];
	pdb = bitdb.mapDb[strFile];
	if (pdb == NULL) {
	pdb = new Db(bitdb.dbenv, 0);

	bool fMockDb = bitdb.IsMock();
	if (fMockDb) {
	DbMpoolFile* mpf = pdb->get_mpf();
	ret = mpf->set_flags(DB_MPOOL_NOFILE, 1);
	if (ret != 0)
	throw runtime_error(strprintf("CDB: Failed to configure for no temp file backing for database %s", strFile));
	}

	ret = pdb->open(NULL, // Txn pointer
	fMockDb ? NULL : strFile.c_str(), // Filename
	fMockDb ? strFile.c_str() : "main", // Logical db name
	DB_BTREE, // Database type
	nFlags, // Flags
	0);

	if (ret != 0) {
	delete pdb;
	pdb = NULL;
	--bitdb.mapFileUseCount[strFile];
	strFile = "";
	throw runtime_error(strprintf("CDB: Error %d, can't open database %s", ret, strFile));
	}

	if (fCreate && !Exists(string("version"))) {
	bool fTmp = fReadOnly;
	fReadOnly = false;
	WriteVersion(CLIENT_VERSION);
	fReadOnly = fTmp;
	}

	bitdb.mapDb[strFile] = pdb;
	}
	}
	}

	void CDB::Flush()
	{
	if (activeTxn)
	return;

	// Flush database activity from memory pool to disk log
	unsigned int nMinutes = 0;
	if (fReadOnly)
	nMinutes = 1;

	bitdb.dbenv->txn_checkpoint(nMinutes ? GetArg("-dblogsize", 100) * 1024 : 0, nMinutes, 0);
	}

	void CDB::Close()
	{
	if (!pdb)
	return;
	if (activeTxn)
	activeTxn->abort();
	activeTxn = NULL;
	pdb = NULL;

	if (fFlushOnClose)
	Flush();

	{
	LOCK(bitdb.cs_db);
	--bitdb.mapFileUseCount[strFile];
	}
	}

	void CDBEnv::CloseDb(const string& strFile)
	{
	{
	LOCK(cs_db);
	if (mapDb[strFile] != NULL) {
	// Close the database handle
	Db* pdb = mapDb[strFile];
	pdb->close(0);
	delete pdb;
	mapDb[strFile] = NULL;
	}
	}
	}

	bool CDBEnv::RemoveDb(const string& strFile)
	{
	this->CloseDb(strFile);

	LOCK(cs_db);
	int rc = dbenv->dbremove(NULL, strFile.c_str(), NULL, DB_AUTO_COMMIT);
	return (rc == 0);
	}

	bool CDB::Rewrite(const string& strFile, const char* pszSkip)
	{
	while (true) {
	{
	LOCK(bitdb.cs_db);
	if (!bitdb.mapFileUseCount.count(strFile) \|\| bitdb.mapFileUseCount[strFile] == 0) {
	// Flush log data to the dat file
	bitdb.CloseDb(strFile);
	bitdb.CheckpointLSN(strFile);
	bitdb.mapFileUseCount.erase(strFile);

	bool fSuccess = true;
	LogPrintf("CDB::Rewrite: Rewriting %s...\n", strFile);
	string strFileRes = strFile + ".rewrite";
	{ // surround usage of db with extra {}
	CDB db(strFile.c_str(), "r");
	Db* pdbCopy = new Db(bitdb.dbenv, 0);

	int ret = pdbCopy->open(NULL, // Txn pointer
	strFileRes.c_str(), // Filename
	"main", // Logical db name
	DB_BTREE, // Database type
	DB_CREATE, // Flags
	0);
	if (ret > 0) {
	LogPrintf("CDB::Rewrite: Can't create database file %s\n", strFileRes);
	fSuccess = false;
	}

	Dbc* pcursor = db.GetCursor();
	if (pcursor)
	while (fSuccess) {
	CDataStream ssKey(SER_DISK, CLIENT_VERSION);
	CDataStream ssValue(SER_DISK, CLIENT_VERSION);
	int ret = db.ReadAtCursor(pcursor, ssKey, ssValue, DB_NEXT);
	if (ret == DB_NOTFOUND) {
	pcursor->close();
	break;
	} else if (ret != 0) {
	pcursor->close();
	fSuccess = false;
	break;
	}
	if (pszSkip &&
	strncmp(&ssKey[0], pszSkip, std::min(ssKey.size(), strlen(pszSkip))) == 0)
	continue;
	if (strncmp(&ssKey[0], "\x07version", 8) == 0) {
	// Update version:
	ssValue.clear();
	ssValue << CLIENT_VERSION;
	}
	Dbt datKey(&ssKey[0], ssKey.size());
	Dbt datValue(&ssValue[0], ssValue.size());
	int ret2 = pdbCopy->put(NULL, &datKey, &datValue, DB_NOOVERWRITE);
	if (ret2 > 0)
	fSuccess = false;
	}
	if (fSuccess) {
	db.Close();
	bitdb.CloseDb(strFile);
	if (pdbCopy->close(0))
	fSuccess = false;
	delete pdbCopy;
	}
	}
	if (fSuccess) {
	Db dbA(bitdb.dbenv, 0);
	if (dbA.remove(strFile.c_str(), NULL, 0))
	fSuccess = false;
	Db dbB(bitdb.dbenv, 0);
	if (dbB.rename(strFileRes.c_str(), NULL, strFile.c_str(), 0))
	fSuccess = false;
	}
	if (!fSuccess)
	LogPrintf("CDB::Rewrite: Failed to rewrite database file %s\n", strFileRes);
	return fSuccess;
	}
	}
	MilliSleep(100);
	}
	return false;
	}


	void CDBEnv::Flush(bool fShutdown)
	{
	int64_t nStart = GetTimeMillis();
	// Flush log data to the actual data file on all files that are not in use
	LogPrint("db", "CDBEnv::Flush: Flush(%s)%s\n", fShutdown ? "true" : "false", fDbEnvInit ? "" : " database not started");
	if (!fDbEnvInit)
	return;
	{
	LOCK(cs_db);
	map<string, int>::iterator mi = mapFileUseCount.begin();
	while (mi != mapFileUseCount.end()) {
	string strFile = (*mi).first;
	int nRefCount = (*mi).second;
	LogPrint("db", "CDBEnv::Flush: Flushing %s (refcount = %d)...\n", strFile, nRefCount);
	if (nRefCount == 0) {
	// Move log data to the dat file
	CloseDb(strFile);
	LogPrint("db", "CDBEnv::Flush: %s checkpoint\n", strFile);
	dbenv->txn_checkpoint(0, 0, 0);
	LogPrint("db", "CDBEnv::Flush: %s detach\n", strFile);
	if (!fMockDb)
	dbenv->lsn_reset(strFile.c_str(), 0);
	LogPrint("db", "CDBEnv::Flush: %s closed\n", strFile);
	mapFileUseCount.erase(mi++);
	} else
	mi++;
	}
	LogPrint("db", "CDBEnv::Flush: Flush(%s)%s took %15dms\n", fShutdown ? "true" : "false", fDbEnvInit ? "" : " database not started", GetTimeMillis() - nStart);
	if (fShutdown) {
	char** listp;
	if (mapFileUseCount.empty()) {
	dbenv->log_archive(&listp, DB_ARCH_REMOVE);
	Close();
	if (!fMockDb)
	boost::filesystem::remove_all(path / "database");
	}
	}
	}
	}

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