diff --git a/doc/i2p.md b/doc/i2p.md
index d224787d7..17a6bea2b 100644
--- a/doc/i2p.md
+++ b/doc/i2p.md
@@ -1,72 +1,87 @@
 # I2P support in Bitcoin ABC
 
 It is possible to run Bitcoin ABC as an
 [I2P (Invisible Internet Project)](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/I2P)
 service and connect to such services.
 
 This [glossary](https://geti2p.net/en/about/glossary) may be useful to get
 started with I2P terminology.
 
 ## Run Bitcoin ABC with an I2P router (proxy)
 
 A running I2P router (proxy) with [SAM](https://geti2p.net/en/docs/api/samv3)
 enabled is required (there is an [official one](https://geti2p.net) and
 [a few alternatives](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/I2P#Routers)). Notice the IP
 address and port the SAM proxy is listening to; usually, it is
 `127.0.0.1:7656`. Once it is up and running with SAM enabled, use the following
 Bitcoin ABC options:
 
 ```
 -i2psam=<ip:port>
      I2P SAM proxy to reach I2P peers and accept I2P connections (default:
      none)
 
 -i2pacceptincoming
      If set and -i2psam is also set then incoming I2P connections are
      accepted via the SAM proxy. If this is not set but -i2psam is set
      then only outgoing connections will be made to the I2P network.
      Ignored if -i2psam is not set. Listening for incoming I2P
      connections is done through the SAM proxy, not by binding to a
      local address and port (default: 1)
 ```
 
 In a typical situation, this suffices:
 
 ```
 bitcoind -i2psam=127.0.0.1:7656
 ```
 
 The first time Bitcoin ABC connects to the I2P router, its I2P address (and
 corresponding private key) will be automatically generated and saved in a file
 named `i2p_private_key` in the Bitcoin ABC data directory.
 
 ## Additional configuration options related to I2P
 
 You may set the `debug=i2p` config logging option to have additional
 information in the debug log about your I2P configuration and connections. Run
 `bitcoin-cli help logging` for more information.
 
 It is possible to restrict outgoing connections in the usual way with
 `onlynet=i2p`. I2P support was added to Bitcoin ABC in version 22.0 (mid 2021)
 and there may be fewer I2P peers than Tor or IP ones. Therefore, using
 `onlynet=i2p` alone (without other `onlynet=`) may make a node more susceptible
 to [Sybil attacks](https://en.bitcoin.it/wiki/Weaknesses#Sybil_attack). Use
 `bitcoin-cli -addrinfo` to see the number of I2P addresses known to your node.
 
 ## I2P related information in Bitcoin ABC
 
 There are several ways to see your I2P address in Bitcoin ABC:
 - in the debug log (grep for `AddLocal`, the I2P address ends in `.b32.i2p`)
 - in the output of the `getnetworkinfo` RPC in the "localaddresses" section
 - in the output of `bitcoin-cli -netinfo` peer connections dashboard
 
 To see which I2P peers your node is connected to, use `bitcoin-cli -netinfo 4`
 or the `getpeerinfo` RPC (e.g. `bitcoin-cli getpeerinfo`).
 
 To see which I2P addresses your node knows, use the `getnodeaddresses 0 i2p`
 RPC.
 
 ## Compatibility
 
 Bitcoin ABC uses the [SAM v3.1](https://geti2p.net/en/docs/api/samv3) protocol
 to connect to the I2P network. Any I2P router that supports it can be used.
+
+## Ports in I2P and Bitcoin ABC
+
+Bitcoin ABC uses the [SAM v3.1](https://geti2p.net/en/docs/api/samv3)
+protocol. One particularity of SAM v3.1 is that it does not support ports,
+unlike newer versions of SAM (v3.2 and up) that do support them and default the
+port numbers to 0. From the point of view of peers that use newer versions of
+SAM or other protocols that support ports, a SAM v3.1 peer is connecting to them
+on port 0, from source port 0.
+
+To allow future upgrades to newer versions of SAM, Bitcoin ABC sets its
+listening port to 0 when listening for incoming I2P connections and advertises
+its own I2P address with port 0. Furthermore, it will not attempt to connect to
+I2P addresses with a non-zero port number because with SAM v3.1 the destination
+port (`TO_PORT`) is always set to 0 and is not in the control of Bitcoin ABC.
diff --git a/src/chainparams.h b/src/chainparams.h
index c287d95c9..f913ea94b 100644
--- a/src/chainparams.h
+++ b/src/chainparams.h
@@ -1,147 +1,157 @@
 // Copyright (c) 2009-2010 Satoshi Nakamoto
 // Copyright (c) 2009-2016 The Bitcoin Core developers
 // Distributed under the MIT software license, see the accompanying
 // file COPYING or http://www.opensource.org/licenses/mit-license.php.
 
 #ifndef BITCOIN_CHAINPARAMS_H
 #define BITCOIN_CHAINPARAMS_H
 
 #include <chainparamsbase.h>
 #include <consensus/params.h>
+#include <netaddress.h>
 #include <primitives/block.h>
 #include <protocol.h>
 
 #include <memory>
+#include <string>
 #include <vector>
 
 struct SeedSpec6 {
     uint8_t addr[16];
     uint16_t port;
 };
 
 typedef std::map<int, BlockHash> MapCheckpoints;
 
 struct CCheckpointData {
     MapCheckpoints mapCheckpoints;
 };
 
 /**
  * Holds various statistics on transactions within a chain. Used to estimate
  * verification progress during chain sync.
  *
  * See also: CChainParams::TxData, GuessVerificationProgress.
  */
 struct ChainTxData {
     int64_t nTime;
     int64_t nTxCount;
     double dTxRate;
 };
 
 /**
  * CChainParams defines various tweakable parameters of a given instance of the
  * Bitcoin system. There are three: the main network on which people trade goods
  * and services, the public test network which gets reset from time to time and
  * a regression test mode which is intended for private networks only. It has
  * minimal difficulty to ensure that blocks can be found instantly.
  */
 class CChainParams {
 public:
     enum Base58Type {
         PUBKEY_ADDRESS,
         SCRIPT_ADDRESS,
         SECRET_KEY,
         EXT_PUBLIC_KEY,
         EXT_SECRET_KEY,
 
         MAX_BASE58_TYPES
     };
 
     const Consensus::Params &GetConsensus() const { return consensus; }
     const CMessageHeader::MessageMagic &DiskMagic() const { return diskMagic; }
     const CMessageHeader::MessageMagic &NetMagic() const { return netMagic; }
     uint16_t GetDefaultPort() const { return nDefaultPort; }
+    uint16_t GetDefaultPort(Network net) const {
+        return net == NET_I2P ? I2P_SAM31_PORT : GetDefaultPort();
+    }
+    uint16_t GetDefaultPort(const std::string &addr) const {
+        CNetAddr a;
+        return a.SetSpecial(addr) ? GetDefaultPort(a.GetNetwork())
+                                  : GetDefaultPort();
+    }
 
     const CBlock &GenesisBlock() const { return genesis; }
     /** Default value for -checkmempool and -checkblockindex argument */
     bool DefaultConsistencyChecks() const { return fDefaultConsistencyChecks; }
     /** Policy: Filter transactions that do not match well-defined patterns */
     bool RequireStandard() const { return fRequireStandard; }
     /** If this chain is exclusively used for testing */
     bool IsTestChain() const { return m_is_test_chain; }
     /** If this chain allows time to be mocked */
     bool IsMockableChain() const { return m_is_mockable_chain; }
     uint64_t PruneAfterHeight() const { return nPruneAfterHeight; }
     /** Minimum free space (in GB) needed for data directory */
     uint64_t AssumedBlockchainSize() const { return m_assumed_blockchain_size; }
     /**
      * Minimum free space (in GB) needed for data directory when pruned; Does
      * not include prune target
      */
     uint64_t AssumedChainStateSize() const {
         return m_assumed_chain_state_size;
     }
     /** Whether it is possible to mine blocks on demand (no retargeting) */
     bool MineBlocksOnDemand() const { return consensus.fPowNoRetargeting; }
     /** Return the BIP70 network string (main, test or regtest) */
     std::string NetworkIDString() const { return strNetworkID; }
     /** Return the list of hostnames to look up for DNS seeds */
     const std::vector<uint8_t> &Base58Prefix(Base58Type type) const {
         return base58Prefixes[type];
     }
     const std::string &CashAddrPrefix() const { return cashaddrPrefix; }
     const std::vector<SeedSpec6> &FixedSeeds() const { return vFixedSeeds; }
     const CCheckpointData &Checkpoints() const { return checkpointData; }
     const ChainTxData &TxData() const { return chainTxData; }
 
 protected:
     CChainParams() {}
 
     Consensus::Params consensus;
     CMessageHeader::MessageMagic diskMagic;
     CMessageHeader::MessageMagic netMagic;
     uint16_t nDefaultPort;
     uint64_t nPruneAfterHeight;
     uint64_t m_assumed_blockchain_size;
     uint64_t m_assumed_chain_state_size;
     std::vector<std::string> vSeeds;
     std::vector<uint8_t> base58Prefixes[MAX_BASE58_TYPES];
     std::string cashaddrPrefix;
     std::string strNetworkID;
     CBlock genesis;
     std::vector<SeedSpec6> vFixedSeeds;
     bool fDefaultConsistencyChecks;
     bool fRequireStandard;
     bool m_is_test_chain;
     bool m_is_mockable_chain;
     CCheckpointData checkpointData;
     ChainTxData chainTxData;
 
     friend const std::vector<std::string>
     GetRandomizedDNSSeeds(const CChainParams &params);
 };
 
 /**
  * Creates and returns a std::unique_ptr<CChainParams> of the chosen chain.
  * @returns a CChainParams* of the chosen chain.
  * @throws a std::runtime_error if the chain is not supported.
  */
 std::unique_ptr<CChainParams> CreateChainParams(const std::string &chain);
 
 CBlock CreateGenesisBlock(uint32_t nTime, uint32_t nNonce, uint32_t nBits,
                           int32_t nVersion, const Amount genesisReward);
 
 /**
  * Return the currently selected parameters. This won't change after app
  * startup, except for unit tests.
  */
 const CChainParams &Params();
 
 /**
  * Sets the params returned by Params() to those for the given BIP70 chain name.
  * @throws std::runtime_error when the chain is not supported.
  */
 void SelectParams(const std::string &chain);
 
 const CCheckpointData &CheckpointData(const std::string &chain);
 
 #endif // BITCOIN_CHAINPARAMS_H
diff --git a/src/i2p.cpp b/src/i2p.cpp
index 0eecae143..c37851e11 100644
--- a/src/i2p.cpp
+++ b/src/i2p.cpp
@@ -1,415 +1,421 @@
 // Copyright (c) 2020-2020 The Bitcoin Core developers
 // Distributed under the MIT software license, see the accompanying
 // file COPYING or http://www.opensource.org/licenses/mit-license.php.
 
 #include <i2p.h>
 
 #include <chainparams.h>
 #include <compat.h>
 #include <compat/endian.h>
 #include <crypto/sha256.h>
 #include <fs.h>
 #include <logging.h>
 #include <netaddress.h>
 #include <netbase.h>
 #include <random.h>
 #include <tinyformat.h>
 #include <util/readwritefile.h>
 #include <util/sock.h>
 #include <util/spanparsing.h>
 #include <util/strencodings.h>
 #include <util/system.h>
 
 #include <chrono>
 #include <memory>
 #include <stdexcept>
 #include <string>
 
 namespace i2p {
 
 /**
  * Swap Standard Base64 <-> I2P Base64.
  * Standard Base64 uses `+` and `/` as last two characters of its alphabet.
  * I2P Base64 uses `-` and `~` respectively.
  * So it is easy to detect in which one is the input and convert to the other.
  * @param[in] from Input to convert.
  * @return converted `from`
  */
 static std::string SwapBase64(const std::string &from) {
     std::string to;
     to.resize(from.size());
     for (size_t i = 0; i < from.size(); ++i) {
         switch (from[i]) {
             case '-':
                 to[i] = '+';
                 break;
             case '~':
                 to[i] = '/';
                 break;
             case '+':
                 to[i] = '-';
                 break;
             case '/':
                 to[i] = '~';
                 break;
             default:
                 to[i] = from[i];
                 break;
         }
     }
     return to;
 }
 
 /**
  * Decode an I2P-style Base64 string.
  * @param[in] i2p_b64 I2P-style Base64 string.
  * @return decoded `i2p_b64`
  * @throw std::runtime_error if decoding fails
  */
 static Binary DecodeI2PBase64(const std::string &i2p_b64) {
     const std::string &std_b64 = SwapBase64(i2p_b64);
     bool invalid;
     Binary decoded = DecodeBase64(std_b64.c_str(), &invalid);
     if (invalid) {
         throw std::runtime_error(
             strprintf("Cannot decode Base64: \"%s\"", i2p_b64));
     }
     return decoded;
 }
 
 /**
  * Derive the .b32.i2p address of an I2P destination (binary).
  * @param[in] dest I2P destination.
  * @return the address that corresponds to `dest`
  * @throw std::runtime_error if conversion fails
  */
 static CNetAddr DestBinToAddr(const Binary &dest) {
     CSHA256 hasher;
     hasher.Write(dest.data(), dest.size());
     uint8_t hash[CSHA256::OUTPUT_SIZE];
     hasher.Finalize(hash);
 
     CNetAddr addr;
     const std::string addr_str = EncodeBase32(hash, false) + ".b32.i2p";
     if (!addr.SetSpecial(addr_str)) {
         throw std::runtime_error(
             strprintf("Cannot parse I2P address: \"%s\"", addr_str));
     }
 
     return addr;
 }
 
 /**
  * Derive the .b32.i2p address of an I2P destination (I2P-style Base64).
  * @param[in] dest I2P destination.
  * @return the address that corresponds to `dest`
  * @throw std::runtime_error if conversion fails
  */
 static CNetAddr DestB64ToAddr(const std::string &dest) {
     const Binary &decoded = DecodeI2PBase64(dest);
     return DestBinToAddr(decoded);
 }
 
 namespace sam {
 
     Session::Session(const fs::path &private_key_file,
                      const CService &control_host, CThreadInterrupt *interrupt)
         : m_private_key_file(private_key_file), m_control_host(control_host),
           m_interrupt(interrupt),
           m_control_sock(std::make_unique<Sock>(INVALID_SOCKET)) {}
 
     Session::~Session() {
         LOCK(m_mutex);
         Disconnect();
     }
 
     bool Session::Listen(Connection &conn) {
         try {
             LOCK(m_mutex);
             CreateIfNotCreatedAlready();
             conn.me = m_my_addr;
             conn.sock = StreamAccept();
             return true;
         } catch (const std::runtime_error &e) {
             Log("Error listening: %s", e.what());
             CheckControlSock();
         }
         return false;
     }
 
     bool Session::Accept(Connection &conn) {
         try {
             while (!*m_interrupt) {
                 Sock::Event occurred;
                 conn.sock->Wait(MAX_WAIT_FOR_IO, Sock::RECV, &occurred);
 
                 if ((occurred & Sock::RECV) == 0) {
                     // Timeout, no incoming connections within MAX_WAIT_FOR_IO.
                     continue;
                 }
 
                 const std::string &peer_dest = conn.sock->RecvUntilTerminator(
                     '\n', MAX_WAIT_FOR_IO, *m_interrupt, MAX_MSG_SIZE);
 
-                conn.peer = CService(DestB64ToAddr(peer_dest),
-                                     Params().GetDefaultPort());
+                conn.peer = CService(DestB64ToAddr(peer_dest), I2P_SAM31_PORT);
 
                 return true;
             }
         } catch (const std::runtime_error &e) {
             Log("Error accepting: %s", e.what());
             CheckControlSock();
         }
         return false;
     }
 
     bool Session::Connect(const CService &to, Connection &conn,
                           bool &proxy_error) {
+        // Refuse connecting to arbitrary ports. We don't specify any
+        // destination port to the SAM proxy when connecting (SAM 3.1 does not
+        // use ports) and it forces/defaults it to I2P_SAM31_PORT.
+        if (to.GetPort() != I2P_SAM31_PORT) {
+            proxy_error = false;
+            return false;
+        }
+
         proxy_error = true;
 
         std::string session_id;
         std::unique_ptr<Sock> sock;
         conn.peer = to;
 
         try {
             {
                 LOCK(m_mutex);
                 CreateIfNotCreatedAlready();
                 session_id = m_session_id;
                 conn.me = m_my_addr;
                 sock = Hello();
             }
 
             const Reply &lookup_reply = SendRequestAndGetReply(
                 *sock, strprintf("NAMING LOOKUP NAME=%s", to.ToStringIP()));
 
             const std::string &dest = lookup_reply.Get("VALUE");
 
             const Reply &connect_reply = SendRequestAndGetReply(
                 *sock,
                 strprintf("STREAM CONNECT ID=%s DESTINATION=%s SILENT=false",
                           session_id, dest),
                 false);
 
             const std::string &result = connect_reply.Get("RESULT");
 
             if (result == "OK") {
                 conn.sock = std::move(sock);
                 return true;
             }
 
             if (result == "INVALID_ID") {
                 LOCK(m_mutex);
                 Disconnect();
                 throw std::runtime_error("Invalid session id");
             }
 
             if (result == "CANT_REACH_PEER" || result == "TIMEOUT") {
                 proxy_error = false;
             }
 
             throw std::runtime_error(strprintf("\"%s\"", connect_reply.full));
         } catch (const std::runtime_error &e) {
             Log("Error connecting to %s: %s", to.ToString(), e.what());
             CheckControlSock();
             return false;
         }
     }
 
     // Private methods
 
     std::string Session::Reply::Get(const std::string &key) const {
         const auto &pos = keys.find(key);
         if (pos == keys.end() || !pos->second.has_value()) {
             throw std::runtime_error(
                 strprintf("Missing %s= in the reply to \"%s\": \"%s\"", key,
                           request, full));
         }
         return pos->second.value();
     }
 
     template <typename... Args>
     void Session::Log(const std::string &fmt, const Args &... args) const {
         LogPrint(BCLog::I2P, "I2P: %s\n", tfm::format(fmt, args...));
     }
 
     Session::Reply Session::SendRequestAndGetReply(const Sock &sock,
                                                    const std::string &request,
                                                    bool check_result_ok) const {
         sock.SendComplete(request + "\n", MAX_WAIT_FOR_IO, *m_interrupt);
 
         Reply reply;
 
         // Don't log the full "SESSION CREATE ..." because it contains our
         // private key.
         reply.request = request.substr(0, 14) == "SESSION CREATE"
                             ? "SESSION CREATE ..."
                             : request;
 
         // It could take a few minutes for the I2P router to reply as it is
         // querying the I2P network (when doing name lookup, for example).
         // Notice: `RecvUntilTerminator()` is checking `m_interrupt` more often,
         // so we would not be stuck here for long if `m_interrupt` is signaled.
         static constexpr auto recv_timeout = 3min;
 
         reply.full = sock.RecvUntilTerminator('\n', recv_timeout, *m_interrupt,
                                               MAX_MSG_SIZE);
 
         for (const auto &kv : spanparsing::Split(reply.full, ' ')) {
             const auto &pos = std::find(kv.begin(), kv.end(), '=');
             if (pos != kv.end()) {
                 reply.keys.emplace(std::string{kv.begin(), pos},
                                    std::string{pos + 1, kv.end()});
             } else {
                 reply.keys.emplace(std::string{kv.begin(), kv.end()},
                                    std::nullopt);
             }
         }
 
         if (check_result_ok && reply.Get("RESULT") != "OK") {
             throw std::runtime_error(strprintf(
                 "Unexpected reply to \"%s\": \"%s\"", request, reply.full));
         }
 
         return reply;
     }
 
     std::unique_ptr<Sock> Session::Hello() const {
         auto sock = CreateSock(m_control_host);
 
         if (!sock) {
             throw std::runtime_error("Cannot create socket");
         }
 
         if (!ConnectSocketDirectly(m_control_host, *sock, nConnectTimeout,
                                    true)) {
             throw std::runtime_error(
                 strprintf("Cannot connect to %s", m_control_host.ToString()));
         }
 
         SendRequestAndGetReply(*sock, "HELLO VERSION MIN=3.1 MAX=3.1");
 
         return sock;
     }
 
     void Session::CheckControlSock() {
         LOCK(m_mutex);
 
         std::string errmsg;
         if (!m_control_sock->IsConnected(errmsg)) {
             Log("Control socket error: %s", errmsg);
             Disconnect();
         }
     }
 
     void Session::DestGenerate(const Sock &sock) {
         // https://geti2p.net/spec/common-structures#key-certificates
         // "7" or "EdDSA_SHA512_Ed25519" - "Recent Router Identities and
         // Destinations". Use "7" because i2pd <2.24.0 does not recognize the
         // textual form.
         const Reply &reply = SendRequestAndGetReply(
             sock, "DEST GENERATE SIGNATURE_TYPE=7", false);
 
         m_private_key = DecodeI2PBase64(reply.Get("PRIV"));
     }
 
     void Session::GenerateAndSavePrivateKey(const Sock &sock) {
         DestGenerate(sock);
 
         // umask is set to 077 in init.cpp, which is ok (unless -sysperms is
         // given)
         if (!WriteBinaryFile(
                 m_private_key_file,
                 std::string(m_private_key.begin(), m_private_key.end()))) {
             throw std::runtime_error(
                 strprintf("Cannot save I2P private key to %s",
                           fs::quoted(fs::PathToString(m_private_key_file))));
         }
     }
 
     Binary Session::MyDestination() const {
         // From https://geti2p.net/spec/common-structures#destination:
         // "They are 387 bytes plus the certificate length specified at bytes
         // 385-386, which may be non-zero"
         static constexpr size_t DEST_LEN_BASE = 387;
         static constexpr size_t CERT_LEN_POS = 385;
 
         uint16_t cert_len;
         memcpy(&cert_len, &m_private_key.at(CERT_LEN_POS), sizeof(cert_len));
         cert_len = be16toh(cert_len);
 
         const size_t dest_len = DEST_LEN_BASE + cert_len;
 
         return Binary{m_private_key.begin(), m_private_key.begin() + dest_len};
     }
 
     void Session::CreateIfNotCreatedAlready() {
         std::string errmsg;
         if (m_control_sock->IsConnected(errmsg)) {
             return;
         }
 
         Log("Creating SAM session with %s", m_control_host.ToString());
 
         auto sock = Hello();
 
         const auto &[read_ok, data] = ReadBinaryFile(m_private_key_file);
         if (read_ok) {
             m_private_key.assign(data.begin(), data.end());
         } else {
             GenerateAndSavePrivateKey(*sock);
         }
 
         const std::string &session_id = GetRandHash().GetHex().substr(
             0, 10); // full is an overkill, too verbose in the logs
         const std::string &private_key_b64 =
             SwapBase64(EncodeBase64(m_private_key));
 
         SendRequestAndGetReply(
             *sock, strprintf("SESSION CREATE STYLE=STREAM ID=%s DESTINATION=%s",
                              session_id, private_key_b64));
 
-        m_my_addr =
-            CService(DestBinToAddr(MyDestination()), Params().GetDefaultPort());
+        m_my_addr = CService(DestBinToAddr(MyDestination()), I2P_SAM31_PORT);
         m_session_id = session_id;
         m_control_sock = std::move(sock);
 
         LogPrintf("I2P: SAM session created: session id=%s, my address=%s\n",
                   m_session_id, m_my_addr.ToString());
     }
 
     std::unique_ptr<Sock> Session::StreamAccept() {
         auto sock = Hello();
 
         const Reply &reply = SendRequestAndGetReply(
             *sock, strprintf("STREAM ACCEPT ID=%s SILENT=false", m_session_id),
             false);
 
         const std::string &result = reply.Get("RESULT");
 
         if (result == "OK") {
             return sock;
         }
 
         if (result == "INVALID_ID") {
             // If our session id is invalid, then force session re-creation on
             // next usage.
             Disconnect();
         }
 
         throw std::runtime_error(strprintf("\"%s\"", reply.full));
     }
 
     void Session::Disconnect() {
         if (m_control_sock->Get() != INVALID_SOCKET) {
             if (m_session_id.empty()) {
                 Log("Destroying incomplete session");
             } else {
                 Log("Destroying session %s", m_session_id);
             }
         }
         m_control_sock->Reset();
         m_session_id.clear();
     }
 } // namespace sam
 } // namespace i2p
diff --git a/src/init.cpp b/src/init.cpp
index 946e6b4b3..5324a706f 100644
--- a/src/init.cpp
+++ b/src/init.cpp
@@ -1,3186 +1,3187 @@
 // Copyright (c) 2009-2010 Satoshi Nakamoto
 // Copyright (c) 2009-2018 The Bitcoin Core developers
 // Distributed under the MIT software license, see the accompanying
 // file COPYING or http://www.opensource.org/licenses/mit-license.php.
 
 #if defined(HAVE_CONFIG_H)
 #include <config/bitcoin-config.h>
 #endif
 
 #include <init.h>
 
 #include <addrman.h>
 #include <amount.h>
 #include <avalanche/avalanche.h>
 #include <avalanche/processor.h>
 #include <avalanche/proof.h> // For AVALANCHE_LEGACY_PROOF_DEFAULT
 #include <avalanche/validation.h>
 #include <banman.h>
 #include <blockdb.h>
 #include <blockfilter.h>
 #include <chain.h>
 #include <chainparams.h>
 #include <checkpoints.h>
 #include <compat/sanity.h>
 #include <config.h>
 #include <consensus/validation.h>
 #include <currencyunit.h>
 #include <flatfile.h>
 #include <fs.h>
 #include <hash.h>
 #include <httprpc.h>
 #include <httpserver.h>
 #include <index/blockfilterindex.h>
 #include <index/txindex.h>
 #include <interfaces/chain.h>
 #include <interfaces/node.h>
 #include <key.h>
 #include <miner.h>
 #include <net.h>
 #include <net_permissions.h>
 #include <net_processing.h>
 #include <netbase.h>
 #include <network.h>
 #include <node/context.h>
 #include <node/ui_interface.h>
 #include <policy/mempool.h>
 #include <policy/policy.h>
 #include <policy/settings.h>
 #include <rpc/blockchain.h>
 #include <rpc/register.h>
 #include <rpc/server.h>
 #include <rpc/util.h>
 #include <scheduler.h>
 #include <script/scriptcache.h>
 #include <script/sigcache.h>
 #include <script/standard.h>
 #include <shutdown.h>
 #include <sync.h>
 #include <timedata.h>
 #include <torcontrol.h>
 #include <txdb.h>
 #include <txmempool.h>
 #include <util/asmap.h>
 #include <util/check.h>
 #include <util/moneystr.h>
 #include <util/string.h>
 #include <util/threadnames.h>
 #include <util/translation.h>
 #include <validation.h>
 #include <validationinterface.h>
 #include <walletinitinterface.h>
 
 #include <boost/algorithm/string/replace.hpp>
 #include <boost/signals2/signal.hpp>
 
 #if ENABLE_ZMQ
 #include <zmq/zmqabstractnotifier.h>
 #include <zmq/zmqnotificationinterface.h>
 #include <zmq/zmqrpc.h>
 #endif
 
 #ifndef WIN32
 #include <attributes.h>
 #include <cerrno>
 #include <csignal>
 #include <sys/stat.h>
 #endif
 #include <cstdint>
 #include <cstdio>
 #include <functional>
 #include <set>
 #include <thread>
 #include <vector>
 
 static const bool DEFAULT_PROXYRANDOMIZE = true;
 static const bool DEFAULT_REST_ENABLE = false;
 static const bool DEFAULT_STOPAFTERBLOCKIMPORT = false;
 
 #ifdef WIN32
 // Win32 LevelDB doesn't use filedescriptors, and the ones used for accessing
 // block files don't count towards the fd_set size limit anyway.
 #define MIN_CORE_FILEDESCRIPTORS 0
 #else
 #define MIN_CORE_FILEDESCRIPTORS 150
 #endif
 
 static const char *DEFAULT_ASMAP_FILENAME = "ip_asn.map";
 
 /**
  * The PID file facilities.
  */
 static const char *BITCOIN_PID_FILENAME = "bitcoind.pid";
 
 static fs::path GetPidFile(const ArgsManager &args) {
     return AbsPathForConfigVal(
         fs::PathFromString(args.GetArg("-pid", BITCOIN_PID_FILENAME)));
 }
 
 [[nodiscard]] static bool CreatePidFile(const ArgsManager &args) {
     fsbridge::ofstream file{GetPidFile(args)};
     if (file) {
 #ifdef WIN32
         tfm::format(file, "%d\n", GetCurrentProcessId());
 #else
         tfm::format(file, "%d\n", getpid());
 #endif
         return true;
     } else {
         return InitError(strprintf(_("Unable to create the PID file '%s': %s"),
                                    fs::PathToString(GetPidFile(args)),
                                    std::strerror(errno)));
     }
 }
 
 //////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
 //
 // Shutdown
 //
 
 //
 // Thread management and startup/shutdown:
 //
 // The network-processing threads are all part of a thread group created by
 // AppInit() or the Qt main() function.
 //
 // A clean exit happens when StartShutdown() or the SIGTERM signal handler sets
 // fRequestShutdown, which makes main thread's WaitForShutdown() interrupts the
 // thread group.
 // And then, WaitForShutdown() makes all other on-going threads in the thread
 // group join the main thread.
 // Shutdown() is then called to clean up database connections, and stop other
 // threads that should only be stopped after the main network-processing threads
 // have exited.
 //
 // Shutdown for Qt is very similar, only it uses a QTimer to detect
 // ShutdownRequested() getting set, and then does the normal Qt shutdown thing.
 //
 
 static std::unique_ptr<ECCVerifyHandle> globalVerifyHandle;
 
 static std::thread g_load_block;
 
 void Interrupt(NodeContext &node) {
     InterruptHTTPServer();
     InterruptHTTPRPC();
     InterruptRPC();
     InterruptREST();
     InterruptTorControl();
     InterruptMapPort();
     if (g_avalanche) {
         // Avalanche needs to be stopped before we interrupt the thread group as
         // the scheduler will stop working then.
         g_avalanche->stopEventLoop();
     }
     if (node.connman) {
         node.connman->Interrupt();
     }
     if (g_txindex) {
         g_txindex->Interrupt();
     }
     ForEachBlockFilterIndex([](BlockFilterIndex &index) { index.Interrupt(); });
 }
 
 void Shutdown(NodeContext &node) {
     static Mutex g_shutdown_mutex;
     TRY_LOCK(g_shutdown_mutex, lock_shutdown);
     if (!lock_shutdown) {
         return;
     }
     LogPrintf("%s: In progress...\n", __func__);
     Assert(node.args);
 
     /// Note: Shutdown() must be able to handle cases in which initialization
     /// failed part of the way, for example if the data directory was found to
     /// be locked. Be sure that anything that writes files or flushes caches
     /// only does this if the respective module was initialized.
     util::ThreadRename("shutoff");
     if (node.mempool) {
         node.mempool->AddTransactionsUpdated(1);
     }
 
     StopHTTPRPC();
     StopREST();
     StopRPC();
     StopHTTPServer();
     for (const auto &client : node.chain_clients) {
         client->flush();
     }
     StopMapPort();
 
     // Because avalanche and the network depend on each other, it is important
     // to shut them down in this order:
     // 1. Stop avalanche event loop.
     // 2. Shutdown network processing.
     // 3. Destroy avalanche::Processor.
     // 4. Destroy CConnman
     if (g_avalanche) {
         g_avalanche->stopEventLoop();
     }
 
     // Because these depend on each-other, we make sure that neither can be
     // using the other before destroying them.
     if (node.peerman) {
         UnregisterValidationInterface(node.peerman.get());
     }
     // Follow the lock order requirements:
     // * CheckForStaleTipAndEvictPeers locks cs_main before indirectly calling
     //   GetExtraFullOutboundCount which locks cs_vNodes.
     // * ProcessMessage locks cs_main and g_cs_orphans before indirectly calling
     //   ForEachNode which locks cs_vNodes.
     // * CConnman::Stop calls DeleteNode, which calls FinalizeNode, which locks
     //   cs_main and calls EraseOrphansFor, which locks g_cs_orphans.
     //
     // Thus the implicit locking order requirement is:
     // (1) cs_main, (2) g_cs_orphans, (3) cs_vNodes.
     if (node.connman) {
         node.connman->StopThreads();
         LOCK2(::cs_main, ::g_cs_orphans);
         node.connman->StopNodes();
     }
 
     StopTorControl();
 
     // After everything has been shut down, but before things get flushed, stop
     // the CScheduler/checkqueue, scheduler and load block thread.
     if (node.scheduler) {
         node.scheduler->stop();
     }
     if (g_load_block.joinable()) {
         g_load_block.join();
     }
     StopScriptCheckWorkerThreads();
 
     // After the threads that potentially access these pointers have been
     // stopped, destruct and reset all to nullptr.
     node.peerman.reset();
 
     // Destroy various global instances
     g_avalanche.reset();
     node.connman.reset();
     node.banman.reset();
 
     if (node.mempool && node.mempool->IsLoaded() &&
         node.args->GetArg("-persistmempool", DEFAULT_PERSIST_MEMPOOL)) {
         DumpMempool(*node.mempool);
     }
 
     // FlushStateToDisk generates a ChainStateFlushed callback, which we should
     // avoid missing
     if (node.chainman) {
         LOCK(cs_main);
         for (CChainState *chainstate : node.chainman->GetAll()) {
             if (chainstate->CanFlushToDisk()) {
                 chainstate->ForceFlushStateToDisk();
             }
         }
     }
 
     // After there are no more peers/RPC left to give us new data which may
     // generate CValidationInterface callbacks, flush them...
     GetMainSignals().FlushBackgroundCallbacks();
 
     // Stop and delete all indexes only after flushing background callbacks.
     if (g_txindex) {
         g_txindex->Stop();
         g_txindex.reset();
     }
     ForEachBlockFilterIndex([](BlockFilterIndex &index) { index.Stop(); });
     DestroyAllBlockFilterIndexes();
 
     // Any future callbacks will be dropped. This should absolutely be safe - if
     // missing a callback results in an unrecoverable situation, unclean
     // shutdown would too. The only reason to do the above flushes is to let the
     // wallet catch up with our current chain to avoid any strange pruning edge
     // cases and make next startup faster by avoiding rescan.
 
     if (node.chainman) {
         LOCK(cs_main);
         for (CChainState *chainstate : node.chainman->GetAll()) {
             if (chainstate->CanFlushToDisk()) {
                 chainstate->ForceFlushStateToDisk();
                 chainstate->ResetCoinsViews();
             }
         }
         pblocktree.reset();
     }
     for (const auto &client : node.chain_clients) {
         client->stop();
     }
 
 #if ENABLE_ZMQ
     if (g_zmq_notification_interface) {
         UnregisterValidationInterface(g_zmq_notification_interface);
         delete g_zmq_notification_interface;
         g_zmq_notification_interface = nullptr;
     }
 #endif
 
     node.chain_clients.clear();
     UnregisterAllValidationInterfaces();
     GetMainSignals().UnregisterBackgroundSignalScheduler();
     globalVerifyHandle.reset();
     ECC_Stop();
     node.mempool.reset();
     node.chainman = nullptr;
     node.scheduler.reset();
 
     try {
         if (!fs::remove(GetPidFile(*node.args))) {
             LogPrintf("%s: Unable to remove PID file: File does not exist\n",
                       __func__);
         }
     } catch (const fs::filesystem_error &e) {
         LogPrintf("%s: Unable to remove PID file: %s\n", __func__,
                   fsbridge::get_filesystem_error_message(e));
     }
 
     node.args = nullptr;
     LogPrintf("%s: done\n", __func__);
 }
 
 /**
  * Signal handlers are very limited in what they are allowed to do.
  * The execution context the handler is invoked in is not guaranteed,
  * so we restrict handler operations to just touching variables:
  */
 #ifndef WIN32
 static void HandleSIGTERM(int) {
     StartShutdown();
 }
 
 static void HandleSIGHUP(int) {
     LogInstance().m_reopen_file = true;
 }
 #else
 static BOOL WINAPI consoleCtrlHandler(DWORD dwCtrlType) {
     StartShutdown();
     Sleep(INFINITE);
     return true;
 }
 #endif
 
 #ifndef WIN32
 static void registerSignalHandler(int signal, void (*handler)(int)) {
     struct sigaction sa;
     sa.sa_handler = handler;
     sigemptyset(&sa.sa_mask);
     sa.sa_flags = 0;
     sigaction(signal, &sa, NULL);
 }
 #endif
 
 static boost::signals2::connection rpc_notify_block_change_connection;
 static void OnRPCStarted() {
     rpc_notify_block_change_connection = uiInterface.NotifyBlockTip_connect(
         std::bind(RPCNotifyBlockChange, std::placeholders::_2));
 }
 
 static void OnRPCStopped() {
     rpc_notify_block_change_connection.disconnect();
     RPCNotifyBlockChange(nullptr);
     g_best_block_cv.notify_all();
     LogPrint(BCLog::RPC, "RPC stopped.\n");
 }
 
 void SetupServerArgs(NodeContext &node) {
     assert(!node.args);
     node.args = &gArgs;
     ArgsManager &argsman = *node.args;
 
     SetupHelpOptions(argsman);
     SetupCurrencyUnitOptions(argsman);
     // server-only for now
     argsman.AddArg("-help-debug",
                    "Print help message with debugging options and exit", false,
                    OptionsCategory::DEBUG_TEST);
 
     const auto defaultBaseParams =
         CreateBaseChainParams(CBaseChainParams::MAIN);
     const auto testnetBaseParams =
         CreateBaseChainParams(CBaseChainParams::TESTNET);
     const auto regtestBaseParams =
         CreateBaseChainParams(CBaseChainParams::REGTEST);
     const auto defaultChainParams = CreateChainParams(CBaseChainParams::MAIN);
     const auto testnetChainParams =
         CreateChainParams(CBaseChainParams::TESTNET);
     const auto regtestChainParams =
         CreateChainParams(CBaseChainParams::REGTEST);
 
     // Hidden Options
     std::vector<std::string> hidden_args = {
         "-dbcrashratio",
         "-forcecompactdb",
         "-maxaddrtosend",
         "-parkdeepreorg",
         "-automaticunparking",
         "-replayprotectionactivationtime",
         "-enableminerfund",
         // GUI args. These will be overwritten by SetupUIArgs for the GUI
         "-allowselfsignedrootcertificates",
         "-choosedatadir",
         "-lang=<lang>",
         "-min",
         "-resetguisettings",
         "-rootcertificates=<file>",
         "-splash",
         "-uiplatform",
         // TODO remove after the November 2020 upgrade
         "-axionactivationtime",
         // TODO remove after the May 2022 upgrade
         "-gluonactivationtime",
     };
 
     // Set all of the args and their help
     // When adding new options to the categories, please keep and ensure
     // alphabetical ordering. Do not translate _(...) -help-debug options, Many
     // technical terms, and only a very small audience, so is unnecessary stress
     // to translators.
     argsman.AddArg("-version", "Print version and exit", ArgsManager::ALLOW_ANY,
                    OptionsCategory::OPTIONS);
 #if defined(HAVE_SYSTEM)
     argsman.AddArg(
         "-alertnotify=<cmd>",
         "Execute command when a relevant alert is received or we see "
         "a really long fork (%s in cmd is replaced by message)",
         ArgsManager::ALLOW_ANY, OptionsCategory::OPTIONS);
 #endif
     argsman.AddArg(
         "-assumevalid=<hex>",
         strprintf(
             "If this block is in the chain assume that it and its ancestors "
             "are valid and potentially skip their script verification (0 to "
             "verify all, default: %s, testnet: %s)",
             defaultChainParams->GetConsensus().defaultAssumeValid.GetHex(),
             testnetChainParams->GetConsensus().defaultAssumeValid.GetHex()),
         ArgsManager::ALLOW_ANY, OptionsCategory::OPTIONS);
     argsman.AddArg("-blocksdir=<dir>",
                    "Specify directory to hold blocks subdirectory for *.dat "
                    "files (default: <datadir>)",
                    ArgsManager::ALLOW_ANY, OptionsCategory::OPTIONS);
 #if defined(HAVE_SYSTEM)
     argsman.AddArg("-blocknotify=<cmd>",
                    "Execute command when the best block changes (%s in cmd is "
                    "replaced by block hash)",
                    ArgsManager::ALLOW_ANY, OptionsCategory::OPTIONS);
 #endif
     argsman.AddArg("-blockreconstructionextratxn=<n>",
                    strprintf("Extra transactions to keep in memory for compact "
                              "block reconstructions (default: %u)",
                              DEFAULT_BLOCK_RECONSTRUCTION_EXTRA_TXN),
                    ArgsManager::ALLOW_ANY, OptionsCategory::OPTIONS);
     argsman.AddArg(
         "-blocksonly",
         strprintf("Whether to reject transactions from network peers.  "
                   "Automatic broadcast and rebroadcast of any transactions "
                   "from inbound peers is disabled, unless the peer has the "
                   "'forcerelay' permission. RPC transactions are"
                   " not affected. (default: %u)",
                   DEFAULT_BLOCKSONLY),
         ArgsManager::ALLOW_ANY, OptionsCategory::OPTIONS);
     argsman.AddArg(
         "-conf=<file>",
         strprintf("Specify path to read-only configuration file. Relative "
                   "paths will be prefixed by datadir location. (default: %s)",
                   BITCOIN_CONF_FILENAME),
         ArgsManager::ALLOW_ANY, OptionsCategory::OPTIONS);
     argsman.AddArg("-datadir=<dir>", "Specify data directory",
                    ArgsManager::ALLOW_ANY, OptionsCategory::OPTIONS);
     argsman.AddArg(
         "-dbbatchsize",
         strprintf("Maximum database write batch size in bytes (default: %u)",
                   DEFAULT_DB_BATCH_SIZE),
         ArgsManager::ALLOW_ANY | ArgsManager::DEBUG_ONLY,
         OptionsCategory::OPTIONS);
     argsman.AddArg(
         "-dbcache=<n>",
         strprintf("Set database cache size in MiB (%d to %d, default: %d)",
                   MIN_DB_CACHE_MB, MAX_DB_CACHE_MB, DEFAULT_DB_CACHE_MB),
         ArgsManager::ALLOW_ANY, OptionsCategory::OPTIONS);
     argsman.AddArg(
         "-debuglogfile=<file>",
         strprintf("Specify location of debug log file. Relative paths "
                   "will be prefixed by a net-specific datadir "
                   "location. (0 to disable; default: %s)",
                   DEFAULT_DEBUGLOGFILE),
         ArgsManager::ALLOW_ANY, OptionsCategory::OPTIONS);
     argsman.AddArg("-feefilter",
                    strprintf("Tell other nodes to filter invs to us by our "
                              "mempool min fee (default: %d)",
                              DEFAULT_FEEFILTER),
                    ArgsManager::ALLOW_ANY | ArgsManager::DEBUG_ONLY,
                    OptionsCategory::OPTIONS);
     argsman.AddArg(
         "-finalizationdelay=<n>",
         strprintf("Set the minimum amount of time to wait between a "
                   "block header reception and the block finalization. "
                   "Unit is seconds (default: %d)",
                   DEFAULT_MIN_FINALIZATION_DELAY),
         ArgsManager::ALLOW_ANY, OptionsCategory::OPTIONS);
     argsman.AddArg(
         "-includeconf=<file>",
         "Specify additional configuration file, relative to the -datadir path "
         "(only useable from configuration file, not command line)",
         ArgsManager::ALLOW_ANY, OptionsCategory::OPTIONS);
     argsman.AddArg("-maxreorgdepth=<n>",
                    strprintf("Configure at what depth blocks are considered "
                              "final (default: %d). Use -1 to disable.",
                              DEFAULT_MAX_REORG_DEPTH),
                    ArgsManager::ALLOW_ANY, OptionsCategory::OPTIONS);
     argsman.AddArg("-loadblock=<file>",
                    "Imports blocks from external file on startup",
                    ArgsManager::ALLOW_ANY, OptionsCategory::OPTIONS);
     argsman.AddArg("-maxmempool=<n>",
                    strprintf("Keep the transaction memory pool below <n> "
                              "megabytes (default: %u)",
                              DEFAULT_MAX_MEMPOOL_SIZE),
                    ArgsManager::ALLOW_ANY, OptionsCategory::OPTIONS);
     argsman.AddArg("-maxorphantx=<n>",
                    strprintf("Keep at most <n> unconnectable transactions in "
                              "memory (default: %u)",
                              DEFAULT_MAX_ORPHAN_TRANSACTIONS),
                    ArgsManager::ALLOW_ANY, OptionsCategory::OPTIONS);
     argsman.AddArg("-mempoolexpiry=<n>",
                    strprintf("Do not keep transactions in the mempool longer "
                              "than <n> hours (default: %u)",
                              DEFAULT_MEMPOOL_EXPIRY),
                    ArgsManager::ALLOW_ANY, OptionsCategory::OPTIONS);
     argsman.AddArg(
         "-minimumchainwork=<hex>",
         strprintf(
             "Minimum work assumed to exist on a valid chain in hex "
             "(default: %s, testnet: %s)",
             defaultChainParams->GetConsensus().nMinimumChainWork.GetHex(),
             testnetChainParams->GetConsensus().nMinimumChainWork.GetHex()),
         ArgsManager::ALLOW_ANY | ArgsManager::DEBUG_ONLY,
         OptionsCategory::OPTIONS);
     argsman.AddArg(
         "-par=<n>",
         strprintf("Set the number of script verification threads (%u to %d, 0 "
                   "= auto, <0 = leave that many cores free, default: %d)",
                   -GetNumCores(), MAX_SCRIPTCHECK_THREADS,
                   DEFAULT_SCRIPTCHECK_THREADS),
         ArgsManager::ALLOW_ANY, OptionsCategory::OPTIONS);
     argsman.AddArg("-persistmempool",
                    strprintf("Whether to save the mempool on shutdown and load "
                              "on restart (default: %u)",
                              DEFAULT_PERSIST_MEMPOOL),
                    ArgsManager::ALLOW_ANY, OptionsCategory::OPTIONS);
     argsman.AddArg(
         "-pid=<file>",
         strprintf("Specify pid file. Relative paths will be prefixed "
                   "by a net-specific datadir location. (default: %s)",
                   BITCOIN_PID_FILENAME),
         ArgsManager::ALLOW_ANY, OptionsCategory::OPTIONS);
     argsman.AddArg(
         "-prune=<n>",
         strprintf("Reduce storage requirements by enabling pruning (deleting) "
                   "of old blocks. This allows the pruneblockchain RPC to be "
                   "called to delete specific blocks, and enables automatic "
                   "pruning of old blocks if a target size in MiB is provided. "
                   "This mode is incompatible with -txindex and -rescan. "
                   "Warning: Reverting this setting requires re-downloading the "
                   "entire blockchain. (default: 0 = disable pruning blocks, 1 "
                   "= allow manual pruning via RPC, >=%u = automatically prune "
                   "block files to stay under the specified target size in MiB)",
                   MIN_DISK_SPACE_FOR_BLOCK_FILES / 1024 / 1024),
         ArgsManager::ALLOW_ANY, OptionsCategory::OPTIONS);
     argsman.AddArg(
         "-reindex-chainstate",
         "Rebuild chain state from the currently indexed blocks. When "
         "in pruning mode or if blocks on disk might be corrupted, use "
         "full -reindex instead.",
         ArgsManager::ALLOW_ANY, OptionsCategory::OPTIONS);
     argsman.AddArg(
         "-reindex",
         "Rebuild chain state and block index from the blk*.dat files on disk",
         ArgsManager::ALLOW_ANY, OptionsCategory::OPTIONS);
     argsman.AddArg(
         "-settings=<file>",
         strprintf(
             "Specify path to dynamic settings data file. Can be disabled with "
             "-nosettings. File is written at runtime and not meant to be "
             "edited by users (use %s instead for custom settings). Relative "
             "paths will be prefixed by datadir location. (default: %s)",
             BITCOIN_CONF_FILENAME, BITCOIN_SETTINGS_FILENAME),
         ArgsManager::ALLOW_ANY, OptionsCategory::OPTIONS);
 #if HAVE_SYSTEM
     argsman.AddArg("-startupnotify=<cmd>", "Execute command on startup.",
                    ArgsManager::ALLOW_ANY, OptionsCategory::OPTIONS);
 #endif
 #ifndef WIN32
     argsman.AddArg(
         "-sysperms",
         "Create new files with system default permissions, instead of umask "
         "077 (only effective with disabled wallet functionality)",
         ArgsManager::ALLOW_ANY, OptionsCategory::OPTIONS);
 #else
     hidden_args.emplace_back("-sysperms");
 #endif
     argsman.AddArg("-txindex",
                    strprintf("Maintain a full transaction index, used by the "
                              "getrawtransaction rpc call (default: %d)",
                              DEFAULT_TXINDEX),
                    ArgsManager::ALLOW_ANY, OptionsCategory::OPTIONS);
     argsman.AddArg(
         "-blockfilterindex=<type>",
         strprintf("Maintain an index of compact filters by block "
                   "(default: %s, values: %s).",
                   DEFAULT_BLOCKFILTERINDEX, ListBlockFilterTypes()) +
             " If <type> is not supplied or if <type> = 1, indexes for "
             "all known types are enabled.",
         ArgsManager::ALLOW_ANY, OptionsCategory::OPTIONS);
     argsman.AddArg(
         "-usecashaddr",
         "Use Cash Address for destination encoding instead of base58 "
         "(activate by default on Jan, 14)",
         ArgsManager::ALLOW_ANY, OptionsCategory::OPTIONS);
 
     argsman.AddArg(
         "-addnode=<ip>",
         "Add a node to connect to and attempt to keep the connection "
         "open (see the `addnode` RPC command help for more info)",
         ArgsManager::ALLOW_ANY | ArgsManager::NETWORK_ONLY,
         OptionsCategory::CONNECTION);
     argsman.AddArg("-asmap=<file>",
                    strprintf("Specify asn mapping used for bucketing of the "
                              "peers (default: %s). Relative paths will be "
                              "prefixed by the net-specific datadir location.",
                              DEFAULT_ASMAP_FILENAME),
                    ArgsManager::ALLOW_ANY, OptionsCategory::CONNECTION);
     argsman.AddArg("-bantime=<n>",
                    strprintf("Default duration (in seconds) of manually "
                              "configured bans (default: %u)",
                              DEFAULT_MISBEHAVING_BANTIME),
                    ArgsManager::ALLOW_ANY, OptionsCategory::CONNECTION);
     argsman.AddArg(
         "-bind=<addr>[:<port>][=onion]",
         strprintf("Bind to given address and always listen on it (default: "
                   "0.0.0.0). Use [host]:port notation for IPv6. Append =onion "
                   "to tag any incoming connections to that address and port as "
                   "incoming Tor connections (default: 127.0.0.1:%u=onion, "
                   "testnet: 127.0.0.1:%u=onion, regtest: 127.0.0.1:%u=onion)",
                   defaultBaseParams->OnionServiceTargetPort(),
                   testnetBaseParams->OnionServiceTargetPort(),
                   regtestBaseParams->OnionServiceTargetPort()),
         ArgsManager::ALLOW_ANY | ArgsManager::NETWORK_ONLY,
         OptionsCategory::CONNECTION);
     argsman.AddArg(
         "-connect=<ip>",
         "Connect only to the specified node(s); -connect=0 disables automatic "
         "connections (the rules for this peer are the same as for -addnode)",
         ArgsManager::ALLOW_ANY | ArgsManager::NETWORK_ONLY,
         OptionsCategory::CONNECTION);
     argsman.AddArg(
         "-discover",
         "Discover own IP addresses (default: 1 when listening and no "
         "-externalip or -proxy)",
         ArgsManager::ALLOW_ANY, OptionsCategory::CONNECTION);
     argsman.AddArg("-dns",
                    strprintf("Allow DNS lookups for -addnode, -seednode and "
                              "-connect (default: %d)",
                              DEFAULT_NAME_LOOKUP),
                    ArgsManager::ALLOW_ANY, OptionsCategory::CONNECTION);
     argsman.AddArg(
         "-dnsseed",
         strprintf(
             "Query for peer addresses via DNS lookup, if low on addresses "
             "(default: %u unless -connect used)",
             DEFAULT_DNSSEED),
         ArgsManager::ALLOW_BOOL, OptionsCategory::CONNECTION);
     argsman.AddArg("-externalip=<ip>", "Specify your own public address",
                    ArgsManager::ALLOW_ANY, OptionsCategory::CONNECTION);
     argsman.AddArg(
         "-fixedseeds",
         strprintf(
             "Allow fixed seeds if DNS seeds don't provide peers (default: %u)",
             DEFAULT_FIXEDSEEDS),
         ArgsManager::ALLOW_BOOL, OptionsCategory::CONNECTION);
     argsman.AddArg(
         "-forcednsseed",
         strprintf(
             "Always query for peer addresses via DNS lookup (default: %d)",
             DEFAULT_FORCEDNSSEED),
         ArgsManager::ALLOW_ANY, OptionsCategory::CONNECTION);
     argsman.AddArg("-overridednsseed",
                    "If set, only use the specified DNS seed when "
                    "querying for peer addresses via DNS lookup.",
                    ArgsManager::ALLOW_ANY, OptionsCategory::CONNECTION);
     argsman.AddArg(
         "-listen",
         "Accept connections from outside (default: 1 if no -proxy or -connect)",
         ArgsManager::ALLOW_ANY, OptionsCategory::CONNECTION);
     argsman.AddArg(
         "-listenonion",
         strprintf("Automatically create Tor onion service (default: %d)",
                   DEFAULT_LISTEN_ONION),
         ArgsManager::ALLOW_ANY, OptionsCategory::CONNECTION);
     argsman.AddArg(
         "-maxconnections=<n>",
         strprintf("Maintain at most <n> connections to peers. The effective "
                   "limit depends on system limitations and might be lower than "
                   "the specified value (default: %u)",
                   DEFAULT_MAX_PEER_CONNECTIONS),
         ArgsManager::ALLOW_ANY, OptionsCategory::CONNECTION);
     argsman.AddArg("-maxreceivebuffer=<n>",
                    strprintf("Maximum per-connection receive buffer, <n>*1000 "
                              "bytes (default: %u)",
                              DEFAULT_MAXRECEIVEBUFFER),
                    ArgsManager::ALLOW_ANY, OptionsCategory::CONNECTION);
     argsman.AddArg(
         "-maxsendbuffer=<n>",
         strprintf(
             "Maximum per-connection send buffer, <n>*1000 bytes (default: %u)",
             DEFAULT_MAXSENDBUFFER),
         ArgsManager::ALLOW_ANY, OptionsCategory::CONNECTION);
     argsman.AddArg(
         "-maxtimeadjustment",
         strprintf("Maximum allowed median peer time offset adjustment. Local "
                   "perspective of time may be influenced by peers forward or "
                   "backward by this amount. (default: %u seconds)",
                   DEFAULT_MAX_TIME_ADJUSTMENT),
         ArgsManager::ALLOW_ANY, OptionsCategory::CONNECTION);
     argsman.AddArg("-onion=<ip:port>",
                    strprintf("Use separate SOCKS5 proxy to reach peers via Tor "
                              "onion services (default: %s)",
                              "-proxy"),
                    ArgsManager::ALLOW_ANY, OptionsCategory::CONNECTION);
     argsman.AddArg("-i2psam=<ip:port>",
                    "I2P SAM proxy to reach I2P peers and accept I2P "
                    "connections (default: none)",
                    ArgsManager::ALLOW_ANY, OptionsCategory::CONNECTION);
     argsman.AddArg(
         "-i2pacceptincoming",
         "If set and -i2psam is also set then incoming I2P connections are "
         "accepted via the SAM proxy. If this is not set but -i2psam is set "
         "then only outgoing connections will be made to the I2P network. "
         "Ignored if -i2psam is not set. Listening for incoming I2P connections "
         "is done through the SAM proxy, not by binding to a local address and "
         "port (default: 1)",
         ArgsManager::ALLOW_BOOL, OptionsCategory::CONNECTION);
 
     argsman.AddArg(
         "-onlynet=<net>",
         "Make outgoing connections only through network <net> (" +
             Join(GetNetworkNames(), ", ") +
             "). Incoming connections are not affected by this option. This "
             "option can be specified multiple times to allow multiple "
             "networks. Warning: if it is used with non-onion networks "
             "and the -onion or -proxy option is set, then outbound onion "
             "connections will still be made; use -noonion or -onion=0 to "
             "disable outbound onion connections in this case",
         ArgsManager::ALLOW_ANY, OptionsCategory::CONNECTION);
     argsman.AddArg("-peerbloomfilters",
                    strprintf("Support filtering of blocks and transaction with "
                              "bloom filters (default: %d)",
                              DEFAULT_PEERBLOOMFILTERS),
                    ArgsManager::ALLOW_ANY, OptionsCategory::CONNECTION);
     argsman.AddArg(
         "-peerblockfilters",
         strprintf(
             "Serve compact block filters to peers per BIP 157 (default: %u)",
             DEFAULT_PEERBLOCKFILTERS),
         ArgsManager::ALLOW_ANY, OptionsCategory::CONNECTION);
     argsman.AddArg("-permitbaremultisig",
                    strprintf("Relay non-P2SH multisig (default: %d)",
                              DEFAULT_PERMIT_BAREMULTISIG),
                    ArgsManager::ALLOW_ANY, OptionsCategory::CONNECTION);
     argsman.AddArg("-port=<port>",
                    strprintf("Listen for connections on <port>. Nodes not "
                              "using the default ports (default: %u, "
                              "testnet: %u, regtest: %u) are unlikely to get "
-                             "incoming connections.",
+                             "incoming connections.  Not relevant for I2P (see "
+                             "doc/i2p.md).",
                              defaultChainParams->GetDefaultPort(),
                              testnetChainParams->GetDefaultPort(),
                              regtestChainParams->GetDefaultPort()),
                    ArgsManager::ALLOW_ANY | ArgsManager::NETWORK_ONLY,
                    OptionsCategory::CONNECTION);
     argsman.AddArg("-proxy=<ip:port>", "Connect through SOCKS5 proxy",
                    ArgsManager::ALLOW_ANY, OptionsCategory::CONNECTION);
     argsman.AddArg(
         "-proxyrandomize",
         strprintf("Randomize credentials for every proxy connection. "
                   "This enables Tor stream isolation (default: %d)",
                   DEFAULT_PROXYRANDOMIZE),
         ArgsManager::ALLOW_ANY, OptionsCategory::CONNECTION);
     argsman.AddArg(
         "-seednode=<ip>",
         "Connect to a node to retrieve peer addresses, and disconnect",
         ArgsManager::ALLOW_ANY, OptionsCategory::CONNECTION);
     gArgs.AddArg("-networkactive",
                  "Enable all P2P network activity (default: 1). Can be changed "
                  "by the setnetworkactive RPC command",
                  ArgsManager::ALLOW_BOOL, OptionsCategory::CONNECTION);
     argsman.AddArg("-timeout=<n>",
                    strprintf("Specify connection timeout in milliseconds "
                              "(minimum: 1, default: %d)",
                              DEFAULT_CONNECT_TIMEOUT),
                    ArgsManager::ALLOW_ANY, OptionsCategory::CONNECTION);
     argsman.AddArg(
         "-peertimeout=<n>",
         strprintf("Specify p2p connection timeout in seconds. This option "
                   "determines the amount of time a peer may be inactive before "
                   "the connection to it is dropped. (minimum: 1, default: %d)",
                   DEFAULT_PEER_CONNECT_TIMEOUT),
         true, OptionsCategory::CONNECTION);
     argsman.AddArg(
         "-torcontrol=<ip>:<port>",
         strprintf(
             "Tor control port to use if onion listening enabled (default: %s)",
             DEFAULT_TOR_CONTROL),
         ArgsManager::ALLOW_ANY, OptionsCategory::CONNECTION);
     argsman.AddArg("-torpassword=<pass>",
                    "Tor control port password (default: empty)",
                    ArgsManager::ALLOW_ANY | ArgsManager::SENSITIVE,
                    OptionsCategory::CONNECTION);
 #ifdef USE_UPNP
 #if USE_UPNP
     argsman.AddArg("-upnp",
                    "Use UPnP to map the listening port (default: 1 when "
                    "listening and no -proxy)",
                    ArgsManager::ALLOW_ANY, OptionsCategory::CONNECTION);
 #else
     argsman.AddArg(
         "-upnp",
         strprintf("Use UPnP to map the listening port (default: %u)", 0),
         ArgsManager::ALLOW_ANY, OptionsCategory::CONNECTION);
 #endif
 #else
     hidden_args.emplace_back("-upnp");
 #endif
     argsman.AddArg(
         "-whitebind=<[permissions@]addr>",
         "Bind to the given address and add permission flags to the peers "
         "connecting to it."
         "Use [host]:port notation for IPv6. Allowed permissions: " +
             Join(NET_PERMISSIONS_DOC, ", ") +
             ". "
             "Specify multiple permissions separated by commas (default: "
             "download,noban,mempool,relay). Can be specified multiple times.",
         ArgsManager::ALLOW_ANY, OptionsCategory::CONNECTION);
 
     argsman.AddArg("-whitelist=<[permissions@]IP address or network>",
                    "Add permission flags to the peers connecting from the "
                    "given IP address (e.g. 1.2.3.4) or CIDR-notated network "
                    "(e.g. 1.2.3.0/24). "
                    "Uses the same permissions as -whitebind. Can be specified "
                    "multiple times.",
                    ArgsManager::ALLOW_ANY, OptionsCategory::CONNECTION);
     argsman.AddArg(
         "-maxuploadtarget=<n>",
         strprintf("Tries to keep outbound traffic under the given target (in "
                   "MiB per 24h). Limit does not apply to peers with 'download' "
                   "permission. 0 = no limit (default: %d)",
                   DEFAULT_MAX_UPLOAD_TARGET),
         ArgsManager::ALLOW_ANY, OptionsCategory::CONNECTION);
 
     g_wallet_init_interface.AddWalletOptions(argsman);
 
 #if ENABLE_ZMQ
     argsman.AddArg("-zmqpubhashblock=<address>",
                    "Enable publish hash block in <address>",
                    ArgsManager::ALLOW_ANY, OptionsCategory::ZMQ);
     argsman.AddArg("-zmqpubhashtx=<address>",
                    "Enable publish hash transaction in <address>",
                    ArgsManager::ALLOW_ANY, OptionsCategory::ZMQ);
     argsman.AddArg("-zmqpubrawblock=<address>",
                    "Enable publish raw block in <address>",
                    ArgsManager::ALLOW_ANY, OptionsCategory::ZMQ);
     argsman.AddArg("-zmqpubrawtx=<address>",
                    "Enable publish raw transaction in <address>",
                    ArgsManager::ALLOW_ANY, OptionsCategory::ZMQ);
     argsman.AddArg("-zmqpubsequence=<address>",
                    "Enable publish hash block and tx sequence in <address>",
                    ArgsManager::ALLOW_ANY, OptionsCategory::ZMQ);
     argsman.AddArg(
         "-zmqpubhashblockhwm=<n>",
         strprintf("Set publish hash block outbound message high water "
                   "mark (default: %d)",
                   CZMQAbstractNotifier::DEFAULT_ZMQ_SNDHWM),
         ArgsManager::ALLOW_ANY, OptionsCategory::ZMQ);
     argsman.AddArg(
         "-zmqpubhashtxhwm=<n>",
         strprintf("Set publish hash transaction outbound message high "
                   "water mark (default: %d)",
                   CZMQAbstractNotifier::DEFAULT_ZMQ_SNDHWM),
         false, OptionsCategory::ZMQ);
     argsman.AddArg(
         "-zmqpubrawblockhwm=<n>",
         strprintf("Set publish raw block outbound message high water "
                   "mark (default: %d)",
                   CZMQAbstractNotifier::DEFAULT_ZMQ_SNDHWM),
         ArgsManager::ALLOW_ANY, OptionsCategory::ZMQ);
     argsman.AddArg(
         "-zmqpubrawtxhwm=<n>",
         strprintf("Set publish raw transaction outbound message high "
                   "water mark (default: %d)",
                   CZMQAbstractNotifier::DEFAULT_ZMQ_SNDHWM),
         ArgsManager::ALLOW_ANY, OptionsCategory::ZMQ);
     argsman.AddArg("-zmqpubsequencehwm=<n>",
                    strprintf("Set publish hash sequence message high water mark"
                              " (default: %d)",
                              CZMQAbstractNotifier::DEFAULT_ZMQ_SNDHWM),
                    ArgsManager::ALLOW_ANY, OptionsCategory::ZMQ);
 #else
     hidden_args.emplace_back("-zmqpubhashblock=<address>");
     hidden_args.emplace_back("-zmqpubhashtx=<address>");
     hidden_args.emplace_back("-zmqpubrawblock=<address>");
     hidden_args.emplace_back("-zmqpubrawtx=<address>");
     hidden_args.emplace_back("-zmqpubsequence=<n>");
     hidden_args.emplace_back("-zmqpubhashblockhwm=<n>");
     hidden_args.emplace_back("-zmqpubhashtxhwm=<n>");
     hidden_args.emplace_back("-zmqpubrawblockhwm=<n>");
     hidden_args.emplace_back("-zmqpubrawtxhwm=<n>");
     hidden_args.emplace_back("-zmqpubsequencehwm=<n>");
 #endif
 
     argsman.AddArg(
         "-checkblocks=<n>",
         strprintf("How many blocks to check at startup (default: %u, 0 = all)",
                   DEFAULT_CHECKBLOCKS),
         ArgsManager::ALLOW_ANY | ArgsManager::DEBUG_ONLY,
         OptionsCategory::DEBUG_TEST);
     argsman.AddArg("-checklevel=<n>",
                    strprintf("How thorough the block verification of "
                              "-checkblocks is: %s (0-4, default: %u)",
                              Join(CHECKLEVEL_DOC, ", "), DEFAULT_CHECKLEVEL),
                    ArgsManager::ALLOW_ANY | ArgsManager::DEBUG_ONLY,
                    OptionsCategory::DEBUG_TEST);
     argsman.AddArg("-checkblockindex",
                    strprintf("Do a consistency check for the block tree, "
                              "chainstate, and other validation data structures "
                              "occasionally. (default: %u, regtest: %u)",
                              defaultChainParams->DefaultConsistencyChecks(),
                              regtestChainParams->DefaultConsistencyChecks()),
                    ArgsManager::ALLOW_ANY | ArgsManager::DEBUG_ONLY,
                    OptionsCategory::DEBUG_TEST);
     argsman.AddArg(
         "-checkmempool=<n>",
         strprintf(
             "Run checks every <n> transactions (default: %u, regtest: %u)",
             defaultChainParams->DefaultConsistencyChecks(),
             regtestChainParams->DefaultConsistencyChecks()),
         ArgsManager::ALLOW_ANY | ArgsManager::DEBUG_ONLY,
         OptionsCategory::DEBUG_TEST);
     argsman.AddArg("-checkpoints",
                    strprintf("Only accept block chain matching built-in "
                              "checkpoints (default: %d)",
                              DEFAULT_CHECKPOINTS_ENABLED),
                    ArgsManager::ALLOW_ANY | ArgsManager::DEBUG_ONLY,
                    OptionsCategory::DEBUG_TEST);
     argsman.AddArg("-deprecatedrpc=<method>",
                    "Allows deprecated RPC method(s) to be used",
                    ArgsManager::ALLOW_ANY | ArgsManager::DEBUG_ONLY,
                    OptionsCategory::DEBUG_TEST);
     argsman.AddArg(
         "-stopafterblockimport",
         strprintf("Stop running after importing blocks from disk (default: %d)",
                   DEFAULT_STOPAFTERBLOCKIMPORT),
         ArgsManager::ALLOW_ANY | ArgsManager::DEBUG_ONLY,
         OptionsCategory::DEBUG_TEST);
     argsman.AddArg("-stopatheight",
                    strprintf("Stop running after reaching the given height in "
                              "the main chain (default: %u)",
                              DEFAULT_STOPATHEIGHT),
                    ArgsManager::ALLOW_ANY | ArgsManager::DEBUG_ONLY,
                    OptionsCategory::DEBUG_TEST);
     argsman.AddArg(
         "-limitancestorcount=<n>",
         strprintf("Do not accept transactions if number of in-mempool "
                   "ancestors is <n> or more (default: %u)",
                   DEFAULT_ANCESTOR_LIMIT),
         ArgsManager::ALLOW_ANY | ArgsManager::DEBUG_ONLY,
         OptionsCategory::DEBUG_TEST);
     argsman.AddArg(
         "-limitancestorsize=<n>",
         strprintf("Do not accept transactions whose size with all in-mempool "
                   "ancestors exceeds <n> kilobytes (default: %u)",
                   DEFAULT_ANCESTOR_SIZE_LIMIT),
         ArgsManager::ALLOW_ANY | ArgsManager::DEBUG_ONLY,
         OptionsCategory::DEBUG_TEST);
     argsman.AddArg(
         "-limitdescendantcount=<n>",
         strprintf("Do not accept transactions if any ancestor would have <n> "
                   "or more in-mempool descendants (default: %u)",
                   DEFAULT_DESCENDANT_LIMIT),
         ArgsManager::ALLOW_ANY | ArgsManager::DEBUG_ONLY,
         OptionsCategory::DEBUG_TEST);
     argsman.AddArg(
         "-limitdescendantsize=<n>",
         strprintf("Do not accept transactions if any ancestor would have more "
                   "than <n> kilobytes of in-mempool descendants (default: %u).",
                   DEFAULT_DESCENDANT_SIZE_LIMIT),
         ArgsManager::ALLOW_ANY | ArgsManager::DEBUG_ONLY,
         OptionsCategory::DEBUG_TEST);
     argsman.AddArg("-addrmantest", "Allows to test address relay on localhost",
                    ArgsManager::ALLOW_ANY | ArgsManager::DEBUG_ONLY,
                    OptionsCategory::DEBUG_TEST);
 
     argsman.AddArg("-debug=<category>",
                    strprintf("Output debugging information (default: %u, "
                              "supplying <category> is optional)",
                              0) +
                        ". " +
                        "If <category> is not supplied or if <category> = 1, "
                        "output all debugging information. <category> can be: " +
                        LogInstance().LogCategoriesString() + ".",
                    ArgsManager::ALLOW_ANY, OptionsCategory::DEBUG_TEST);
     argsman.AddArg(
         "-debugexclude=<category>",
         strprintf("Exclude debugging information for a category. Can be used "
                   "in conjunction with -debug=1 to output debug logs for all "
                   "categories except one or more specified categories."),
         ArgsManager::ALLOW_ANY, OptionsCategory::DEBUG_TEST);
     argsman.AddArg(
         "-logips",
         strprintf("Include IP addresses in debug output (default: %d)",
                   DEFAULT_LOGIPS),
         ArgsManager::ALLOW_ANY, OptionsCategory::DEBUG_TEST);
     argsman.AddArg(
         "-logtimestamps",
         strprintf("Prepend debug output with timestamp (default: %d)",
                   DEFAULT_LOGTIMESTAMPS),
         ArgsManager::ALLOW_ANY, OptionsCategory::DEBUG_TEST);
 #ifdef HAVE_THREAD_LOCAL
     argsman.AddArg(
         "-logthreadnames",
         strprintf(
             "Prepend debug output with name of the originating thread (only "
             "available on platforms supporting thread_local) (default: %u)",
             DEFAULT_LOGTHREADNAMES),
         ArgsManager::ALLOW_ANY, OptionsCategory::DEBUG_TEST);
 #else
     hidden_args.emplace_back("-logthreadnames");
 #endif
     argsman.AddArg(
         "-logsourcelocations",
         strprintf(
             "Prepend debug output with name of the originating source location "
             "(source file, line number and function name) (default: %u)",
             DEFAULT_LOGSOURCELOCATIONS),
         ArgsManager::ALLOW_ANY, OptionsCategory::DEBUG_TEST);
     argsman.AddArg(
         "-logtimemicros",
         strprintf("Add microsecond precision to debug timestamps (default: %d)",
                   DEFAULT_LOGTIMEMICROS),
         ArgsManager::ALLOW_ANY | ArgsManager::DEBUG_ONLY,
         OptionsCategory::DEBUG_TEST);
     argsman.AddArg("-mocktime=<n>",
                    "Replace actual time with " + UNIX_EPOCH_TIME +
                        " (default: 0)",
                    ArgsManager::ALLOW_ANY | ArgsManager::DEBUG_ONLY,
                    OptionsCategory::DEBUG_TEST);
     argsman.AddArg(
         "-maxsigcachesize=<n>",
         strprintf("Limit size of signature cache to <n> MiB (default: %u)",
                   DEFAULT_MAX_SIG_CACHE_SIZE),
         ArgsManager::ALLOW_ANY | ArgsManager::DEBUG_ONLY,
         OptionsCategory::DEBUG_TEST);
     argsman.AddArg(
         "-maxscriptcachesize=<n>",
         strprintf("Limit size of script cache to <n> MiB (default: %u)",
                   DEFAULT_MAX_SCRIPT_CACHE_SIZE),
         ArgsManager::ALLOW_ANY | ArgsManager::DEBUG_ONLY,
         OptionsCategory::DEBUG_TEST);
     argsman.AddArg("-maxtipage=<n>",
                    strprintf("Maximum tip age in seconds to consider node in "
                              "initial block download (default: %u)",
                              DEFAULT_MAX_TIP_AGE),
                    ArgsManager::ALLOW_ANY | ArgsManager::DEBUG_ONLY,
                    OptionsCategory::DEBUG_TEST);
 
     argsman.AddArg(
         "-printtoconsole",
         "Send trace/debug info to console instead of debug.log file (default: "
         "1 when no -daemon. To disable logging to file, set debuglogfile=0)",
         ArgsManager::ALLOW_ANY, OptionsCategory::DEBUG_TEST);
     argsman.AddArg("-printpriority",
                    strprintf("Log transaction priority and fee per kB when "
                              "mining blocks (default: %d)",
                              DEFAULT_PRINTPRIORITY),
                    ArgsManager::ALLOW_ANY | ArgsManager::DEBUG_ONLY,
                    OptionsCategory::DEBUG_TEST);
     argsman.AddArg(
         "-shrinkdebugfile",
         "Shrink debug.log file on client startup (default: 1 when no -debug)",
         ArgsManager::ALLOW_ANY, OptionsCategory::DEBUG_TEST);
 
     argsman.AddArg("-uacomment=<cmt>",
                    "Append comment to the user agent string",
                    ArgsManager::ALLOW_ANY, OptionsCategory::DEBUG_TEST);
     argsman.AddArg("-uaclientname=<clientname>", "Set user agent client name",
                    ArgsManager::ALLOW_ANY, OptionsCategory::DEBUG_TEST);
     argsman.AddArg("-uaclientversion=<clientversion>",
                    "Set user agent client version", ArgsManager::ALLOW_ANY,
                    OptionsCategory::DEBUG_TEST);
 
     SetupChainParamsBaseOptions(argsman);
 
     argsman.AddArg(
         "-acceptnonstdtxn",
         strprintf(
             "Relay and mine \"non-standard\" transactions (%sdefault: %u)",
             "testnet/regtest only; ", defaultChainParams->RequireStandard()),
         ArgsManager::ALLOW_ANY | ArgsManager::DEBUG_ONLY,
         OptionsCategory::NODE_RELAY);
     argsman.AddArg("-excessiveblocksize=<n>",
                    strprintf("Do not accept blocks larger than this limit, in "
                              "bytes (default: %d)",
                              DEFAULT_MAX_BLOCK_SIZE),
                    ArgsManager::ALLOW_ANY | ArgsManager::DEBUG_ONLY,
                    OptionsCategory::NODE_RELAY);
     const auto &ticker = Currency::get().ticker;
     argsman.AddArg(
         "-dustrelayfee=<amt>",
         strprintf("Fee rate (in %s/kB) used to define dust, the value of an "
                   "output such that it will cost about 1/3 of its value in "
                   "fees at this fee rate to spend it. (default: %s)",
                   ticker, FormatMoney(DUST_RELAY_TX_FEE)),
         ArgsManager::ALLOW_ANY | ArgsManager::DEBUG_ONLY,
         OptionsCategory::NODE_RELAY);
 
     argsman.AddArg("-bytespersigop",
                    strprintf("Equivalent bytes per sigop in transactions for "
                              "relay and mining (default: %u)",
                              DEFAULT_BYTES_PER_SIGOP),
                    ArgsManager::ALLOW_ANY, OptionsCategory::NODE_RELAY);
     argsman.AddArg(
         "-datacarrier",
         strprintf("Relay and mine data carrier transactions (default: %d)",
                   DEFAULT_ACCEPT_DATACARRIER),
         ArgsManager::ALLOW_ANY, OptionsCategory::NODE_RELAY);
     argsman.AddArg(
         "-datacarriersize",
         strprintf("Maximum size of data in data carrier transactions "
                   "we relay and mine (default: %u)",
                   MAX_OP_RETURN_RELAY),
         ArgsManager::ALLOW_ANY, OptionsCategory::NODE_RELAY);
     argsman.AddArg(
         "-minrelaytxfee=<amt>",
         strprintf("Fees (in %s/kB) smaller than this are rejected for "
                   "relaying, mining and transaction creation (default: %s)",
                   ticker, FormatMoney(DEFAULT_MIN_RELAY_TX_FEE_PER_KB)),
         ArgsManager::ALLOW_ANY, OptionsCategory::NODE_RELAY);
     argsman.AddArg(
         "-whitelistrelay",
         strprintf("Add 'relay' permission to whitelisted inbound peers "
                   "with default permissions. This will accept relayed "
                   "transactions even when not relaying transactions "
                   "(default: %d)",
                   DEFAULT_WHITELISTRELAY),
         ArgsManager::ALLOW_ANY, OptionsCategory::NODE_RELAY);
     argsman.AddArg(
         "-whitelistforcerelay",
         strprintf("Add 'forcerelay' permission to whitelisted inbound peers"
                   " with default permissions. This will relay transactions "
                   "even if the transactions were already in the mempool "
                   "(default: %d)",
                   DEFAULT_WHITELISTFORCERELAY),
         ArgsManager::ALLOW_ANY, OptionsCategory::NODE_RELAY);
 
     // Not sure this really belongs here, but it will do for now.
     // FIXME: This doesn't work anyways.
     argsman.AddArg("-excessutxocharge=<amt>",
                    strprintf("Fees (in %s/kB) to charge per utxo created for "
                              "relaying, and mining (default: %s)",
                              ticker, FormatMoney(DEFAULT_UTXO_FEE)),
                    ArgsManager::ALLOW_ANY | ArgsManager::DEBUG_ONLY,
                    OptionsCategory::NODE_RELAY);
 
     argsman.AddArg("-blockmaxsize=<n>",
                    strprintf("Set maximum block size in bytes (default: %d)",
                              DEFAULT_MAX_GENERATED_BLOCK_SIZE),
                    ArgsManager::ALLOW_ANY, OptionsCategory::BLOCK_CREATION);
     argsman.AddArg(
         "-blockmintxfee=<amt>",
         strprintf("Set lowest fee rate (in %s/kB) for transactions to "
                   "be included in block creation. (default: %s)",
                   ticker, FormatMoney(DEFAULT_BLOCK_MIN_TX_FEE_PER_KB)),
         ArgsManager::ALLOW_ANY, OptionsCategory::BLOCK_CREATION);
 
     argsman.AddArg("-blockversion=<n>",
                    "Override block version to test forking scenarios",
                    ArgsManager::ALLOW_ANY | ArgsManager::DEBUG_ONLY,
                    OptionsCategory::BLOCK_CREATION);
 
     argsman.AddArg("-server", "Accept command line and JSON-RPC commands",
                    ArgsManager::ALLOW_ANY, OptionsCategory::RPC);
     argsman.AddArg("-rest",
                    strprintf("Accept public REST requests (default: %d)",
                              DEFAULT_REST_ENABLE),
                    ArgsManager::ALLOW_ANY, OptionsCategory::RPC);
     argsman.AddArg(
         "-rpcbind=<addr>[:port]",
         "Bind to given address to listen for JSON-RPC connections. Do not "
         "expose the RPC server to untrusted networks such as the public "
         "internet! This option is ignored unless -rpcallowip is also passed. "
         "Port is optional and overrides -rpcport.  Use [host]:port notation "
         "for IPv6. This option can be specified multiple times (default: "
         "127.0.0.1 and ::1 i.e., localhost)",
         ArgsManager::ALLOW_ANY | ArgsManager::NETWORK_ONLY |
             ArgsManager::SENSITIVE,
         OptionsCategory::RPC);
     argsman.AddArg(
         "-rpccookiefile=<loc>",
         "Location of the auth cookie. Relative paths will be prefixed "
         "by a net-specific datadir location. (default: data dir)",
         ArgsManager::ALLOW_ANY, OptionsCategory::RPC);
     argsman.AddArg("-rpcuser=<user>", "Username for JSON-RPC connections",
                    ArgsManager::ALLOW_ANY | ArgsManager::SENSITIVE,
                    OptionsCategory::RPC);
     argsman.AddArg("-rpcpassword=<pw>", "Password for JSON-RPC connections",
                    ArgsManager::ALLOW_ANY | ArgsManager::SENSITIVE,
                    OptionsCategory::RPC);
     argsman.AddArg(
         "-rpcwhitelist=<whitelist>",
         "Set a whitelist to filter incoming RPC calls for a specific user. The "
         "field <whitelist> comes in the format: <USERNAME>:<rpc 1>,<rpc "
         "2>,...,<rpc n>. If multiple whitelists are set for a given user, they "
         "are set-intersected. See -rpcwhitelistdefault documentation for "
         "information on default whitelist behavior.",
         ArgsManager::ALLOW_ANY, OptionsCategory::RPC);
     argsman.AddArg(
         "-rpcwhitelistdefault",
         "Sets default behavior for rpc whitelisting. Unless "
         "rpcwhitelistdefault is set to 0, if any -rpcwhitelist is set, the rpc "
         "server acts as if all rpc users are subject to "
         "empty-unless-otherwise-specified whitelists. If rpcwhitelistdefault "
         "is set to 1 and no -rpcwhitelist is set, rpc server acts as if all "
         "rpc users are subject to empty whitelists.",
         ArgsManager::ALLOW_BOOL, OptionsCategory::RPC);
     argsman.AddArg(
         "-rpcauth=<userpw>",
         "Username and HMAC-SHA-256 hashed password for JSON-RPC connections. "
         "The field <userpw> comes in the format: <USERNAME>:<SALT>$<HASH>. A "
         "canonical python script is included in share/rpcauth. The client then "
         "connects normally using the rpcuser=<USERNAME>/rpcpassword=<PASSWORD> "
         "pair of arguments. This option can be specified multiple times",
         ArgsManager::ALLOW_ANY | ArgsManager::SENSITIVE, OptionsCategory::RPC);
     argsman.AddArg("-rpcport=<port>",
                    strprintf("Listen for JSON-RPC connections on <port> "
                              "(default: %u, testnet: %u, regtest: %u)",
                              defaultBaseParams->RPCPort(),
                              testnetBaseParams->RPCPort(),
                              regtestBaseParams->RPCPort()),
                    ArgsManager::ALLOW_ANY | ArgsManager::NETWORK_ONLY,
                    OptionsCategory::RPC);
     argsman.AddArg(
         "-rpcallowip=<ip>",
         "Allow JSON-RPC connections from specified source. Valid for "
         "<ip> are a single IP (e.g. 1.2.3.4), a network/netmask (e.g. "
         "1.2.3.4/255.255.255.0) or a network/CIDR (e.g. 1.2.3.4/24). "
         "This option can be specified multiple times",
         ArgsManager::ALLOW_ANY, OptionsCategory::RPC);
     argsman.AddArg(
         "-rpcthreads=<n>",
         strprintf(
             "Set the number of threads to service RPC calls (default: %d)",
             DEFAULT_HTTP_THREADS),
         ArgsManager::ALLOW_ANY, OptionsCategory::RPC);
     argsman.AddArg(
         "-rpccorsdomain=value",
         "Domain from which to accept cross origin requests (browser enforced)",
         ArgsManager::ALLOW_ANY, OptionsCategory::RPC);
 
     argsman.AddArg("-rpcworkqueue=<n>",
                    strprintf("Set the depth of the work queue to service RPC "
                              "calls (default: %d)",
                              DEFAULT_HTTP_WORKQUEUE),
                    ArgsManager::ALLOW_ANY | ArgsManager::DEBUG_ONLY,
                    OptionsCategory::RPC);
     argsman.AddArg("-rpcservertimeout=<n>",
                    strprintf("Timeout during HTTP requests (default: %d)",
                              DEFAULT_HTTP_SERVER_TIMEOUT),
                    ArgsManager::ALLOW_ANY | ArgsManager::DEBUG_ONLY,
                    OptionsCategory::RPC);
 
 #if HAVE_DECL_DAEMON
     argsman.AddArg("-daemon",
                    "Run in the background as a daemon and accept commands",
                    ArgsManager::ALLOW_ANY, OptionsCategory::OPTIONS);
 #else
     hidden_args.emplace_back("-daemon");
 #endif
 
     // Avalanche options.
     argsman.AddArg(
         "-enableavalanche",
         strprintf("Enable avalanche (default: %u)", AVALANCHE_DEFAULT_ENABLED),
         ArgsManager::ALLOW_ANY, OptionsCategory::AVALANCHE);
     argsman.AddArg("-enableavalanchepeerdiscovery",
                    strprintf("Enable avalanche peer discovery (default: %u)",
                              AVALANCHE_DEFAULT_PEER_DISCOVERY_ENABLED),
                    ArgsManager::ALLOW_ANY, OptionsCategory::AVALANCHE);
     argsman.AddArg("-avalancheconflictingproofcooldown",
                    strprintf("Mandatory cooldown before a proof conflicting "
                              "with an already registered one can be considered "
                              "in seconds (default: %u)",
                              AVALANCHE_DEFAULT_CONFLICTING_PROOF_COOLDOWN),
                    ArgsManager::ALLOW_INT, OptionsCategory::AVALANCHE);
     argsman.AddArg("-avalanchepeerreplacementcooldown",
                    strprintf("Mandatory cooldown before a peer can be replaced "
                              "in seconds (default: %u)",
                              AVALANCHE_DEFAULT_PEER_REPLACEMENT_COOLDOWN),
                    ArgsManager::ALLOW_INT, OptionsCategory::AVALANCHE);
     argsman.AddArg("-enableavalancheproofreplacement",
                    strprintf("Enable avalanche proof replacement (default: %u)",
                              AVALANCHE_DEFAULT_PROOF_REPLACEMENT_ENABLED),
                    ArgsManager::ALLOW_BOOL, OptionsCategory::AVALANCHE);
     argsman.AddArg(
         "-avacooldown",
         strprintf("Mandatory cooldown between two avapoll (default: %u)",
                   AVALANCHE_DEFAULT_COOLDOWN),
         ArgsManager::ALLOW_ANY, OptionsCategory::AVALANCHE);
     argsman.AddArg(
         "-avadelegation",
         "Avalanche proof delegation to the master key used by this node "
         "(default: none). Should be used in conjunction with -avaproof and "
         "-avamasterkey",
         ArgsManager::ALLOW_ANY, OptionsCategory::AVALANCHE);
     argsman.AddArg("-avaproof",
                    "Avalanche proof to be used by this node (default: none)",
                    ArgsManager::ALLOW_ANY, OptionsCategory::AVALANCHE);
     argsman.AddArg(
         "-legacyavaproof",
         strprintf("Use the legacy avalanche proof format (default: %u)",
                   AVALANCHE_DEFAULT_LEGACY_PROOF),
         ArgsManager::ALLOW_BOOL, OptionsCategory::AVALANCHE);
     argsman.AddArg("-avamasterkey",
                    "Master key associated with the proof. If a proof is "
                    "required, this is mandatory.",
                    ArgsManager::ALLOW_ANY, OptionsCategory::AVALANCHE);
     argsman.AddArg("-avasessionkey", "Avalanche session key (default: random)",
                    ArgsManager::ALLOW_ANY, OptionsCategory::AVALANCHE);
 
     // Add the hidden options
     argsman.AddHiddenArgs(hidden_args);
 }
 
 std::string LicenseInfo() {
     const std::string URL_SOURCE_CODE =
         "<https://github.com/Bitcoin-ABC/bitcoin-abc>";
     const std::string URL_WEBSITE = "<https://www.bitcoinabc.org>";
 
     return CopyrightHolders(strprintf(_("Copyright (C) %i-%i").translated, 2009,
                                       COPYRIGHT_YEAR) +
                             " ") +
            "\n" + "\n" +
            strprintf(_("Please contribute if you find %s useful. "
                        "Visit %s for further information about the software.")
                          .translated,
                      PACKAGE_NAME, URL_WEBSITE) +
            "\n" +
            strprintf(_("The source code is available from %s.").translated,
                      URL_SOURCE_CODE) +
            "\n" + "\n" + _("This is experimental software.").translated + "\n" +
            strprintf(_("Distributed under the MIT software license, see the "
                        "accompanying file %s or %s")
                          .translated,
                      "COPYING", "<https://opensource.org/licenses/MIT>") +
            "\n" + "\n" +
            strprintf(_("This product includes software developed by the "
                        "OpenSSL Project for use in the OpenSSL Toolkit %s and "
                        "cryptographic software written by Eric Young and UPnP "
                        "software written by Thomas Bernard.")
                          .translated,
                      "<https://www.openssl.org>") +
            "\n";
 }
 
 static bool fHaveGenesis = false;
 static Mutex g_genesis_wait_mutex;
 static std::condition_variable g_genesis_wait_cv;
 
 static void BlockNotifyGenesisWait(const CBlockIndex *pBlockIndex) {
     if (pBlockIndex != nullptr) {
         {
             LOCK(g_genesis_wait_mutex);
             fHaveGenesis = true;
         }
         g_genesis_wait_cv.notify_all();
     }
 }
 
 struct CImportingNow {
     CImportingNow() {
         assert(fImporting == false);
         fImporting = true;
     }
 
     ~CImportingNow() {
         assert(fImporting == true);
         fImporting = false;
     }
 };
 
 // If we're using -prune with -reindex, then delete block files that will be
 // ignored by the reindex.  Since reindexing works by starting at block file 0
 // and looping until a blockfile is missing, do the same here to delete any
 // later block files after a gap. Also delete all rev files since they'll be
 // rewritten by the reindex anyway. This ensures that vinfoBlockFile is in sync
 // with what's actually on disk by the time we start downloading, so that
 // pruning works correctly.
 static void CleanupBlockRevFiles() {
     std::map<std::string, fs::path> mapBlockFiles;
 
     // Glob all blk?????.dat and rev?????.dat files from the blocks directory.
     // Remove the rev files immediately and insert the blk file paths into an
     // ordered map keyed by block file index.
     LogPrintf("Removing unusable blk?????.dat and rev?????.dat files for "
               "-reindex with -prune\n");
     for (const auto &file : fs::directory_iterator{gArgs.GetBlocksDirPath()}) {
         const std::string path = fs::PathToString(file.path().filename());
         if (fs::is_regular_file(file) && path.length() == 12 &&
             path.substr(8, 4) == ".dat") {
             if (path.substr(0, 3) == "blk") {
                 mapBlockFiles[path.substr(3, 5)] = file.path();
             } else if (path.substr(0, 3) == "rev") {
                 remove(file.path());
             }
         }
     }
 
     // Remove all block files that aren't part of a contiguous set starting at
     // zero by walking the ordered map (keys are block file indices) by keeping
     // a separate counter. Once we hit a gap (or if 0 doesn't exist) start
     // removing block files.
     int contiguousCounter = 0;
     for (const auto &item : mapBlockFiles) {
         if (atoi(item.first) == contiguousCounter) {
             contiguousCounter++;
             continue;
         }
         remove(item.second);
     }
 }
 
 #if HAVE_SYSTEM
 static void StartupNotify(const ArgsManager &args) {
     std::string cmd = args.GetArg("-startupnotify", "");
     if (!cmd.empty()) {
         std::thread t(runCommand, cmd);
         // thread runs free
         t.detach();
     }
 }
 #endif
 
 static void ThreadImport(const Config &config, ChainstateManager &chainman,
                          std::vector<fs::path> vImportFiles,
                          const ArgsManager &args) {
     ScheduleBatchPriority();
 
     {
         const CChainParams &chainParams = config.GetChainParams();
 
         CImportingNow imp;
 
         // -reindex
         if (fReindex) {
             int nFile = 0;
             while (true) {
                 FlatFilePos pos(nFile, 0);
                 if (!fs::exists(GetBlockPosFilename(pos))) {
                     // No block files left to reindex
                     break;
                 }
                 FILE *file = OpenBlockFile(pos, true);
                 if (!file) {
                     // This error is logged in OpenBlockFile
                     break;
                 }
                 LogPrintf("Reindexing block file blk%05u.dat...\n",
                           (unsigned int)nFile);
                 LoadExternalBlockFile(config, file, &pos);
                 if (ShutdownRequested()) {
                     LogPrintf("Shutdown requested. Exit %s\n", __func__);
                     return;
                 }
                 nFile++;
             }
             pblocktree->WriteReindexing(false);
             fReindex = false;
             LogPrintf("Reindexing finished\n");
             // To avoid ending up in a situation without genesis block, re-try
             // initializing (no-op if reindexing worked):
             LoadGenesisBlock(chainParams);
         }
 
         // -loadblock=
         for (const fs::path &path : vImportFiles) {
             FILE *file = fsbridge::fopen(path, "rb");
             if (file) {
                 LogPrintf("Importing blocks file %s...\n",
                           fs::PathToString(path));
                 LoadExternalBlockFile(config, file);
                 if (ShutdownRequested()) {
                     LogPrintf("Shutdown requested. Exit %s\n", __func__);
                     return;
                 }
             } else {
                 LogPrintf("Warning: Could not open blocks file %s\n",
                           fs::PathToString(path));
             }
         }
 
         // Reconsider blocks we know are valid. They may have been marked
         // invalid by, for instance, running an outdated version of the node
         // software.
         const MapCheckpoints &checkpoints =
             chainParams.Checkpoints().mapCheckpoints;
         for (const MapCheckpoints::value_type &i : checkpoints) {
             const BlockHash &hash = i.second;
 
             LOCK(cs_main);
             CBlockIndex *pblockindex = LookupBlockIndex(hash);
             if (pblockindex && !pblockindex->nStatus.isValid()) {
                 LogPrintf("Reconsidering checkpointed block %s ...\n",
                           hash.GetHex());
                 ResetBlockFailureFlags(pblockindex);
             }
         }
 
         // scan for better chains in the block chain database, that are not yet
         // connected in the active best chain
 
         // We can't hold cs_main during ActivateBestChain even though we're
         // accessing the chainman unique_ptrs since ABC requires us not to be
         // holding cs_main, so retrieve the relevant pointers before the ABC
         // call.
         for (CChainState *chainstate :
              WITH_LOCK(::cs_main, return chainman.GetAll())) {
             BlockValidationState state;
             if (!chainstate->ActivateBestChain(config, state, nullptr)) {
                 LogPrintf("Failed to connect best block (%s)\n",
                           state.ToString());
                 StartShutdown();
                 return;
             }
         }
 
         if (args.GetBoolArg("-stopafterblockimport",
                             DEFAULT_STOPAFTERBLOCKIMPORT)) {
             LogPrintf("Stopping after block import\n");
             StartShutdown();
             return;
         }
     } // End scope of CImportingNow
     chainman.ActiveChainstate().LoadMempool(config, args);
 }
 
 /** Sanity checks
  *  Ensure that Bitcoin is running in a usable environment with all
  *  necessary library support.
  */
 static bool InitSanityCheck() {
     if (!ECC_InitSanityCheck()) {
         return InitError(Untranslated(
             "Elliptic curve cryptography sanity check failure. Aborting."));
     }
 
     if (!glibcxx_sanity_test()) {
         return false;
     }
 
     if (!Random_SanityCheck()) {
         return InitError(Untranslated(
             "OS cryptographic RNG sanity check failure. Aborting."));
     }
 
     return true;
 }
 
 static bool AppInitServers(Config &config,
                            HTTPRPCRequestProcessor &httpRPCRequestProcessor,
                            NodeContext &node) {
     const ArgsManager &args = *Assert(node.args);
     RPCServerSignals::OnStarted(&OnRPCStarted);
     RPCServerSignals::OnStopped(&OnRPCStopped);
     if (!InitHTTPServer(config)) {
         return false;
     }
 
     StartRPC();
     node.rpc_interruption_point = RpcInterruptionPoint;
 
     if (!StartHTTPRPC(httpRPCRequestProcessor)) {
         return false;
     }
     if (args.GetBoolArg("-rest", DEFAULT_REST_ENABLE)) {
         StartREST(httpRPCRequestProcessor.context);
     }
 
     StartHTTPServer();
     return true;
 }
 
 // Parameter interaction based on rules
 void InitParameterInteraction(ArgsManager &args) {
     // when specifying an explicit binding address, you want to listen on it
     // even when -connect or -proxy is specified.
     if (args.IsArgSet("-bind")) {
         if (args.SoftSetBoolArg("-listen", true)) {
             LogPrintf(
                 "%s: parameter interaction: -bind set -> setting -listen=1\n",
                 __func__);
         }
     }
     if (args.IsArgSet("-whitebind")) {
         if (args.SoftSetBoolArg("-listen", true)) {
             LogPrintf("%s: parameter interaction: -whitebind set -> setting "
                       "-listen=1\n",
                       __func__);
         }
     }
 
     if (args.IsArgSet("-connect")) {
         // when only connecting to trusted nodes, do not seed via DNS, or listen
         // by default.
         if (args.SoftSetBoolArg("-dnsseed", false)) {
             LogPrintf("%s: parameter interaction: -connect set -> setting "
                       "-dnsseed=0\n",
                       __func__);
         }
         if (args.SoftSetBoolArg("-listen", false)) {
             LogPrintf("%s: parameter interaction: -connect set -> setting "
                       "-listen=0\n",
                       __func__);
         }
     }
 
     if (args.IsArgSet("-proxy")) {
         // to protect privacy, do not listen by default if a default proxy
         // server is specified.
         if (args.SoftSetBoolArg("-listen", false)) {
             LogPrintf(
                 "%s: parameter interaction: -proxy set -> setting -listen=0\n",
                 __func__);
         }
         // to protect privacy, do not use UPNP when a proxy is set. The user may
         // still specify -listen=1 to listen locally, so don't rely on this
         // happening through -listen below.
         if (args.SoftSetBoolArg("-upnp", false)) {
             LogPrintf(
                 "%s: parameter interaction: -proxy set -> setting -upnp=0\n",
                 __func__);
         }
         // to protect privacy, do not discover addresses by default
         if (args.SoftSetBoolArg("-discover", false)) {
             LogPrintf("%s: parameter interaction: -proxy set -> setting "
                       "-discover=0\n",
                       __func__);
         }
     }
 
     if (!args.GetBoolArg("-listen", DEFAULT_LISTEN)) {
         // do not map ports or try to retrieve public IP when not listening
         // (pointless)
         if (args.SoftSetBoolArg("-upnp", false)) {
             LogPrintf(
                 "%s: parameter interaction: -listen=0 -> setting -upnp=0\n",
                 __func__);
         }
         if (args.SoftSetBoolArg("-discover", false)) {
             LogPrintf(
                 "%s: parameter interaction: -listen=0 -> setting -discover=0\n",
                 __func__);
         }
         if (args.SoftSetBoolArg("-listenonion", false)) {
             LogPrintf("%s: parameter interaction: -listen=0 -> setting "
                       "-listenonion=0\n",
                       __func__);
         }
         if (args.SoftSetBoolArg("-i2pacceptincoming", false)) {
             LogPrintf("%s: parameter interaction: -listen=0 -> setting "
                       "-i2pacceptincoming=0\n",
                       __func__);
         }
     }
 
     if (args.IsArgSet("-externalip")) {
         // if an explicit public IP is specified, do not try to find others
         if (args.SoftSetBoolArg("-discover", false)) {
             LogPrintf("%s: parameter interaction: -externalip set -> setting "
                       "-discover=0\n",
                       __func__);
         }
     }
 
     // disable whitelistrelay in blocksonly mode
     if (args.GetBoolArg("-blocksonly", DEFAULT_BLOCKSONLY)) {
         if (args.SoftSetBoolArg("-whitelistrelay", false)) {
             LogPrintf("%s: parameter interaction: -blocksonly=1 -> setting "
                       "-whitelistrelay=0\n",
                       __func__);
         }
     }
 
     // Forcing relay from whitelisted hosts implies we will accept relays from
     // them in the first place.
     if (args.GetBoolArg("-whitelistforcerelay", DEFAULT_WHITELISTFORCERELAY)) {
         if (args.SoftSetBoolArg("-whitelistrelay", true)) {
             LogPrintf("%s: parameter interaction: -whitelistforcerelay=1 -> "
                       "setting -whitelistrelay=1\n",
                       __func__);
         }
     }
 }
 
 /**
  * Initialize global loggers.
  *
  * Note that this is called very early in the process lifetime, so you should be
  * careful about what global state you rely on here.
  */
 void InitLogging(const ArgsManager &args) {
     LogInstance().m_print_to_file = !args.IsArgNegated("-debuglogfile");
     LogInstance().m_file_path = AbsPathForConfigVal(
         fs::PathFromString(args.GetArg("-debuglogfile", DEFAULT_DEBUGLOGFILE)));
 
     LogInstance().m_print_to_console =
         args.GetBoolArg("-printtoconsole", !args.GetBoolArg("-daemon", false));
     LogInstance().m_log_timestamps =
         args.GetBoolArg("-logtimestamps", DEFAULT_LOGTIMESTAMPS);
     LogInstance().m_log_time_micros =
         args.GetBoolArg("-logtimemicros", DEFAULT_LOGTIMEMICROS);
 #ifdef HAVE_THREAD_LOCAL
     LogInstance().m_log_threadnames =
         args.GetBoolArg("-logthreadnames", DEFAULT_LOGTHREADNAMES);
 #endif
     LogInstance().m_log_sourcelocations =
         args.GetBoolArg("-logsourcelocations", DEFAULT_LOGSOURCELOCATIONS);
 
     fLogIPs = args.GetBoolArg("-logips", DEFAULT_LOGIPS);
 
     std::string version_string = FormatFullVersion();
 #ifdef DEBUG
     version_string += " (debug build)";
 #else
     version_string += " (release build)";
 #endif
     LogPrintf("%s version %s\n", CLIENT_NAME, version_string);
 }
 
 namespace { // Variables internal to initialization process only
 
 int nMaxConnections;
 int nUserMaxConnections;
 int nFD;
 ServiceFlags nLocalServices = ServiceFlags(NODE_NETWORK | NODE_NETWORK_LIMITED);
 int64_t peer_connect_timeout;
 std::set<BlockFilterType> g_enabled_filter_types;
 
 } // namespace
 
 [[noreturn]] static void new_handler_terminate() {
     // Rather than throwing std::bad-alloc if allocation fails, terminate
     // immediately to (try to) avoid chain corruption. Since LogPrintf may
     // itself allocate memory, set the handler directly to terminate first.
     std::set_new_handler(std::terminate);
     LogPrintf("Error: Out of memory. Terminating.\n");
 
     // The log was successful, terminate now.
     std::terminate();
 };
 
 bool AppInitBasicSetup(ArgsManager &args) {
 // Step 1: setup
 #ifdef _MSC_VER
     // Turn off Microsoft heap dump noise
     _CrtSetReportMode(_CRT_WARN, _CRTDBG_MODE_FILE);
     _CrtSetReportFile(_CRT_WARN, CreateFileA("NUL", GENERIC_WRITE, 0, nullptr,
                                              OPEN_EXISTING, 0, 0));
     // Disable confusing "helpful" text message on abort, Ctrl-C
     _set_abort_behavior(0, _WRITE_ABORT_MSG | _CALL_REPORTFAULT);
 #endif
 #ifdef WIN32
     // Enable Data Execution Prevention (DEP)
     SetProcessDEPPolicy(PROCESS_DEP_ENABLE);
 #endif
 
     if (!SetupNetworking()) {
         return InitError(Untranslated("Initializing networking failed"));
     }
 
 #ifndef WIN32
     if (!args.GetBoolArg("-sysperms", false)) {
         umask(077);
     }
 
     // Clean shutdown on SIGTERM
     registerSignalHandler(SIGTERM, HandleSIGTERM);
     registerSignalHandler(SIGINT, HandleSIGTERM);
 
     // Reopen debug.log on SIGHUP
     registerSignalHandler(SIGHUP, HandleSIGHUP);
 
     // Ignore SIGPIPE, otherwise it will bring the daemon down if the client
     // closes unexpectedly
     signal(SIGPIPE, SIG_IGN);
 #else
     SetConsoleCtrlHandler(consoleCtrlHandler, true);
 #endif
 
     std::set_new_handler(new_handler_terminate);
 
     return true;
 }
 
 bool AppInitParameterInteraction(Config &config, const ArgsManager &args) {
     const CChainParams &chainparams = config.GetChainParams();
     // Step 2: parameter interactions
 
     // also see: InitParameterInteraction()
 
     // Error if network-specific options (-addnode, -connect, etc) are
     // specified in default section of config file, but not overridden
     // on the command line or in this network's section of the config file.
     std::string network = args.GetChainName();
     bilingual_str errors;
     for (const auto &arg : args.GetUnsuitableSectionOnlyArgs()) {
         errors += strprintf(_("Config setting for %s only applied on %s "
                               "network when in [%s] section.") +
                                 Untranslated("\n"),
                             arg, network, network);
     }
 
     if (!errors.empty()) {
         return InitError(errors);
     }
 
     // Warn if unrecognized section name are present in the config file.
     bilingual_str warnings;
     for (const auto &section : args.GetUnrecognizedSections()) {
         warnings += strprintf(Untranslated("%s:%i ") +
                                   _("Section [%s] is not recognized.") +
                                   Untranslated("\n"),
                               section.m_file, section.m_line, section.m_name);
     }
 
     if (!warnings.empty()) {
         InitWarning(warnings);
     }
 
     if (!fs::is_directory(gArgs.GetBlocksDirPath())) {
         return InitError(
             strprintf(_("Specified blocks directory \"%s\" does not exist."),
                       args.GetArg("-blocksdir", "")));
     }
 
     // parse and validate enabled filter types
     std::string blockfilterindex_value =
         args.GetArg("-blockfilterindex", DEFAULT_BLOCKFILTERINDEX);
     if (blockfilterindex_value == "" || blockfilterindex_value == "1") {
         g_enabled_filter_types = AllBlockFilterTypes();
     } else if (blockfilterindex_value != "0") {
         const std::vector<std::string> names =
             args.GetArgs("-blockfilterindex");
         for (const auto &name : names) {
             BlockFilterType filter_type;
             if (!BlockFilterTypeByName(name, filter_type)) {
                 return InitError(
                     strprintf(_("Unknown -blockfilterindex value %s."), name));
             }
             g_enabled_filter_types.insert(filter_type);
         }
     }
 
     // Signal NODE_COMPACT_FILTERS if peerblockfilters and basic filters index
     // are both enabled.
     if (gArgs.GetBoolArg("-peerblockfilters", DEFAULT_PEERBLOCKFILTERS)) {
         if (g_enabled_filter_types.count(BlockFilterType::BASIC) != 1) {
             return InitError(
                 _("Cannot set -peerblockfilters without -blockfilterindex."));
         }
 
         nLocalServices = ServiceFlags(nLocalServices | NODE_COMPACT_FILTERS);
     }
 
     // if using block pruning, then disallow txindex
     if (args.GetArg("-prune", 0)) {
         if (args.GetBoolArg("-txindex", DEFAULT_TXINDEX)) {
             return InitError(_("Prune mode is incompatible with -txindex."));
         }
         if (!g_enabled_filter_types.empty()) {
             return InitError(
                 _("Prune mode is incompatible with -blockfilterindex."));
         }
     }
 
     // -bind and -whitebind can't be set when not listening
     size_t nUserBind =
         args.GetArgs("-bind").size() + args.GetArgs("-whitebind").size();
     if (nUserBind != 0 && !args.GetBoolArg("-listen", DEFAULT_LISTEN)) {
         return InitError(Untranslated(
             "Cannot set -bind or -whitebind together with -listen=0"));
     }
 
     // Make sure enough file descriptors are available
     int nBind = std::max(nUserBind, size_t(1));
     nUserMaxConnections =
         args.GetArg("-maxconnections", DEFAULT_MAX_PEER_CONNECTIONS);
     nMaxConnections = std::max(nUserMaxConnections, 0);
 
     // Trim requested connection counts, to fit into system limitations
     // <int> in std::min<int>(...) to work around FreeBSD compilation issue
     // described in #2695
     nFD = RaiseFileDescriptorLimit(nMaxConnections + nBind +
                                    MIN_CORE_FILEDESCRIPTORS +
                                    MAX_ADDNODE_CONNECTIONS);
 #ifdef USE_POLL
     int fd_max = nFD;
 #else
     int fd_max = FD_SETSIZE;
 #endif
     nMaxConnections =
         std::max(std::min<int>(nMaxConnections, fd_max - nBind -
                                                     MIN_CORE_FILEDESCRIPTORS -
                                                     MAX_ADDNODE_CONNECTIONS),
                  0);
     if (nFD < MIN_CORE_FILEDESCRIPTORS) {
         return InitError(_("Not enough file descriptors available."));
     }
     nMaxConnections =
         std::min(nFD - MIN_CORE_FILEDESCRIPTORS - MAX_ADDNODE_CONNECTIONS,
                  nMaxConnections);
 
     if (nMaxConnections < nUserMaxConnections) {
         // Not categorizing as "Warning" because this is the normal behavior for
         // platforms using the select() interface for which FD_SETSIZE is
         // usually 1024.
         LogPrintf("Reducing -maxconnections from %d to %d, because of system "
                   "limitations.\n",
                   nUserMaxConnections, nMaxConnections);
     }
 
     // Step 3: parameter-to-internal-flags
     if (args.IsArgSet("-debug")) {
         // Special-case: if -debug=0/-nodebug is set, turn off debugging
         // messages
         const std::vector<std::string> &categories = args.GetArgs("-debug");
         if (std::none_of(
                 categories.begin(), categories.end(),
                 [](std::string cat) { return cat == "0" || cat == "none"; })) {
             for (const auto &cat : categories) {
                 if (!LogInstance().EnableCategory(cat)) {
                     InitWarning(
                         strprintf(_("Unsupported logging category %s=%s."),
                                   "-debug", cat));
                 }
             }
         }
     }
 
     // Now remove the logging categories which were explicitly excluded
     for (const std::string &cat : args.GetArgs("-debugexclude")) {
         if (!LogInstance().DisableCategory(cat)) {
             InitWarning(strprintf(_("Unsupported logging category %s=%s."),
                                   "-debugexclude", cat));
         }
     }
 
     fCheckBlockIndex = args.GetBoolArg("-checkblockindex",
                                        chainparams.DefaultConsistencyChecks());
     fCheckpointsEnabled =
         args.GetBoolArg("-checkpoints", DEFAULT_CHECKPOINTS_ENABLED);
     if (fCheckpointsEnabled) {
         LogPrintf("Checkpoints will be verified.\n");
     } else {
         LogPrintf("Skipping checkpoint verification.\n");
     }
 
     hashAssumeValid = BlockHash::fromHex(
         args.GetArg("-assumevalid",
                     chainparams.GetConsensus().defaultAssumeValid.GetHex()));
     if (!hashAssumeValid.IsNull()) {
         LogPrintf("Assuming ancestors of block %s have valid signatures.\n",
                   hashAssumeValid.GetHex());
     } else {
         LogPrintf("Validating signatures for all blocks.\n");
     }
 
     if (args.IsArgSet("-minimumchainwork")) {
         const std::string minChainWorkStr =
             args.GetArg("-minimumchainwork", "");
         if (!IsHexNumber(minChainWorkStr)) {
             return InitError(strprintf(
                 Untranslated(
                     "Invalid non-hex (%s) minimum chain work value specified"),
                 minChainWorkStr));
         }
         nMinimumChainWork = UintToArith256(uint256S(minChainWorkStr));
     } else {
         nMinimumChainWork =
             UintToArith256(chainparams.GetConsensus().nMinimumChainWork);
     }
     LogPrintf("Setting nMinimumChainWork=%s\n", nMinimumChainWork.GetHex());
     if (nMinimumChainWork <
         UintToArith256(chainparams.GetConsensus().nMinimumChainWork)) {
         LogPrintf("Warning: nMinimumChainWork set below default value of %s\n",
                   chainparams.GetConsensus().nMinimumChainWork.GetHex());
     }
 
     // mempool limits
     int64_t nMempoolSizeMax =
         args.GetArg("-maxmempool", DEFAULT_MAX_MEMPOOL_SIZE) * 1000000;
     int64_t nMempoolSizeMin =
         args.GetArg("-limitdescendantsize", DEFAULT_DESCENDANT_SIZE_LIMIT) *
         1000 * 40;
     if (nMempoolSizeMax < 0 || nMempoolSizeMax < nMempoolSizeMin) {
         return InitError(strprintf(_("-maxmempool must be at least %d MB"),
                                    std::ceil(nMempoolSizeMin / 1000000.0)));
     }
 
     // Configure excessive block size.
     const int64_t nProposedExcessiveBlockSize =
         args.GetArg("-excessiveblocksize", DEFAULT_MAX_BLOCK_SIZE);
     if (nProposedExcessiveBlockSize <= 0 ||
         !config.SetMaxBlockSize(nProposedExcessiveBlockSize)) {
         return InitError(
             _("Excessive block size must be > 1,000,000 bytes (1MB)"));
     }
 
     // Check blockmaxsize does not exceed maximum accepted block size.
     const int64_t nProposedMaxGeneratedBlockSize =
         args.GetArg("-blockmaxsize", DEFAULT_MAX_GENERATED_BLOCK_SIZE);
     if (nProposedMaxGeneratedBlockSize <= 0) {
         return InitError(_("Max generated block size must be greater than 0"));
     }
     if (uint64_t(nProposedMaxGeneratedBlockSize) > config.GetMaxBlockSize()) {
         return InitError(_("Max generated block size (blockmaxsize) cannot "
                            "exceed the excessive block size "
                            "(excessiveblocksize)"));
     }
 
     // block pruning; get the amount of disk space (in MiB) to allot for block &
     // undo files
     int64_t nPruneArg = args.GetArg("-prune", 0);
     if (nPruneArg < 0) {
         return InitError(
             _("Prune cannot be configured with a negative value."));
     }
     nPruneTarget = (uint64_t)nPruneArg * 1024 * 1024;
     if (nPruneArg == 1) {
         // manual pruning: -prune=1
         LogPrintf("Block pruning enabled.  Use RPC call "
                   "pruneblockchain(height) to manually prune block and undo "
                   "files.\n");
         nPruneTarget = std::numeric_limits<uint64_t>::max();
         fPruneMode = true;
     } else if (nPruneTarget) {
         if (nPruneTarget < MIN_DISK_SPACE_FOR_BLOCK_FILES) {
             return InitError(
                 strprintf(_("Prune configured below the minimum of %d MiB. "
                             "Please use a higher number."),
                           MIN_DISK_SPACE_FOR_BLOCK_FILES / 1024 / 1024));
         }
         LogPrintf("Prune configured to target %u MiB on disk for block and "
                   "undo files.\n",
                   nPruneTarget / 1024 / 1024);
         fPruneMode = true;
     }
 
     nConnectTimeout = args.GetArg("-timeout", DEFAULT_CONNECT_TIMEOUT);
     if (nConnectTimeout <= 0) {
         nConnectTimeout = DEFAULT_CONNECT_TIMEOUT;
     }
 
     peer_connect_timeout =
         args.GetArg("-peertimeout", DEFAULT_PEER_CONNECT_TIMEOUT);
     if (peer_connect_timeout <= 0) {
         return InitError(Untranslated(
             "peertimeout cannot be configured with a negative value."));
     }
 
     // Obtain the amount to charge excess UTXO
     if (args.IsArgSet("-excessutxocharge")) {
         Amount n = Amount::zero();
         auto parsed = ParseMoney(args.GetArg("-excessutxocharge", ""), n);
         if (!parsed || Amount::zero() > n) {
             return InitError(AmountErrMsg(
                 "excessutxocharge", args.GetArg("-excessutxocharge", "")));
         }
         config.SetExcessUTXOCharge(n);
     } else {
         config.SetExcessUTXOCharge(DEFAULT_UTXO_FEE);
     }
 
     if (args.IsArgSet("-minrelaytxfee")) {
         Amount n = Amount::zero();
         auto parsed = ParseMoney(args.GetArg("-minrelaytxfee", ""), n);
         if (!parsed || n == Amount::zero()) {
             return InitError(AmountErrMsg("minrelaytxfee",
                                           args.GetArg("-minrelaytxfee", "")));
         }
         // High fee check is done afterward in CWallet::Create()
         ::minRelayTxFee = CFeeRate(n);
     }
 
     // Sanity check argument for min fee for including tx in block
     // TODO: Harmonize which arguments need sanity checking and where that
     // happens.
     if (args.IsArgSet("-blockmintxfee")) {
         Amount n = Amount::zero();
         if (!ParseMoney(args.GetArg("-blockmintxfee", ""), n)) {
             return InitError(AmountErrMsg("blockmintxfee",
                                           args.GetArg("-blockmintxfee", "")));
         }
     }
 
     // Feerate used to define dust.  Shouldn't be changed lightly as old
     // implementations may inadvertently create non-standard transactions.
     if (args.IsArgSet("-dustrelayfee")) {
         Amount n = Amount::zero();
         auto parsed = ParseMoney(args.GetArg("-dustrelayfee", ""), n);
         if (!parsed || Amount::zero() == n) {
             return InitError(
                 AmountErrMsg("dustrelayfee", args.GetArg("-dustrelayfee", "")));
         }
         dustRelayFee = CFeeRate(n);
     }
 
     fRequireStandard =
         !args.GetBoolArg("-acceptnonstdtxn", !chainparams.RequireStandard());
     if (!chainparams.IsTestChain() && !fRequireStandard) {
         return InitError(strprintf(
             Untranslated(
                 "acceptnonstdtxn is not currently supported for %s chain"),
             chainparams.NetworkIDString()));
     }
     nBytesPerSigOp = args.GetArg("-bytespersigop", nBytesPerSigOp);
 
     if (!g_wallet_init_interface.ParameterInteraction()) {
         return false;
     }
 
     fIsBareMultisigStd =
         args.GetBoolArg("-permitbaremultisig", DEFAULT_PERMIT_BAREMULTISIG);
     fAcceptDatacarrier =
         args.GetBoolArg("-datacarrier", DEFAULT_ACCEPT_DATACARRIER);
 
     // Option to startup with mocktime set (used for regression testing):
     SetMockTime(args.GetArg("-mocktime", 0)); // SetMockTime(0) is a no-op
 
     if (args.GetBoolArg("-peerbloomfilters", DEFAULT_PEERBLOOMFILTERS)) {
         nLocalServices = ServiceFlags(nLocalServices | NODE_BLOOM);
     }
 
     nMaxTipAge = args.GetArg("-maxtipage", DEFAULT_MAX_TIP_AGE);
 
     if (args.IsArgSet("-proxy") && args.GetArg("-proxy", "").empty()) {
         return InitError(_(
             "No proxy server specified. Use -proxy=<ip> or -proxy=<ip:port>."));
     }
 
     return true;
 }
 
 static bool LockDataDirectory(bool probeOnly) {
     // Make sure only a single Bitcoin process is using the data directory.
     fs::path datadir = GetDataDir();
     if (!DirIsWritable(datadir)) {
         return InitError(strprintf(
             _("Cannot write to data directory '%s'; check permissions."),
             fs::PathToString(datadir)));
     }
     if (!LockDirectory(datadir, ".lock", probeOnly)) {
         return InitError(strprintf(_("Cannot obtain a lock on data directory "
                                      "%s. %s is probably already running."),
                                    fs::PathToString(datadir), PACKAGE_NAME));
     }
     return true;
 }
 
 bool AppInitSanityChecks() {
     // Step 4: sanity checks
 
     // Initialize elliptic curve code
     std::string sha256_algo = SHA256AutoDetect();
     LogPrintf("Using the '%s' SHA256 implementation\n", sha256_algo);
     RandomInit();
     ECC_Start();
     globalVerifyHandle.reset(new ECCVerifyHandle());
 
     // Sanity check
     if (!InitSanityCheck()) {
         return InitError(strprintf(
             _("Initialization sanity check failed. %s is shutting down."),
             PACKAGE_NAME));
     }
 
     // Probe the data directory lock to give an early error message, if possible
     // We cannot hold the data directory lock here, as the forking for daemon()
     // hasn't yet happened, and a fork will cause weird behavior to it.
     return LockDataDirectory(true);
 }
 
 bool AppInitLockDataDirectory() {
     // After daemonization get the data directory lock again and hold on to it
     // until exit. This creates a slight window for a race condition to happen,
     // however this condition is harmless: it will at most make us exit without
     // printing a message to console.
     if (!LockDataDirectory(false)) {
         // Detailed error printed inside LockDataDirectory
         return false;
     }
     return true;
 }
 
 bool AppInitInterfaces(NodeContext &node) {
     node.chain = interfaces::MakeChain(node, Params());
     // Create client interfaces for wallets that are supposed to be loaded
     // according to -wallet and -disablewallet options. This only constructs
     // the interfaces, it doesn't load wallet data. Wallets actually get loaded
     // when load() and start() interface methods are called below.
     g_wallet_init_interface.Construct(node);
     return true;
 }
 
 bool AppInitMain(Config &config, RPCServer &rpcServer,
                  HTTPRPCRequestProcessor &httpRPCRequestProcessor,
                  NodeContext &node,
                  interfaces::BlockAndHeaderTipInfo *tip_info) {
     // Step 4a: application initialization
     const ArgsManager &args = *Assert(node.args);
     const CChainParams &chainparams = config.GetChainParams();
 
     if (!CreatePidFile(args)) {
         // Detailed error printed inside CreatePidFile().
         return false;
     }
 
     BCLog::Logger &logger = LogInstance();
     if (logger.m_print_to_file) {
         if (args.GetBoolArg("-shrinkdebugfile",
                             logger.DefaultShrinkDebugFile())) {
             // Do this first since it both loads a bunch of debug.log into
             // memory, and because this needs to happen before any other
             // debug.log printing.
             logger.ShrinkDebugFile();
         }
     }
 
     if (!logger.StartLogging()) {
         return InitError(
             strprintf(Untranslated("Could not open debug log file %s"),
                       fs::PathToString(logger.m_file_path)));
     }
 
     if (!logger.m_log_timestamps) {
         LogPrintf("Startup time: %s\n", FormatISO8601DateTime(GetTime()));
     }
     LogPrintf("Default data directory %s\n",
               fs::PathToString(GetDefaultDataDir()));
     LogPrintf("Using data directory %s\n", fs::PathToString(GetDataDir()));
 
     // Only log conf file usage message if conf file actually exists.
     fs::path config_file_path =
         GetConfigFile(args.GetArg("-conf", BITCOIN_CONF_FILENAME));
     if (fs::exists(config_file_path)) {
         LogPrintf("Config file: %s\n", fs::PathToString(config_file_path));
     } else if (args.IsArgSet("-conf")) {
         // Warn if no conf file exists at path provided by user
         InitWarning(
             strprintf(_("The specified config file %s does not exist\n"),
                       fs::PathToString(config_file_path)));
     } else {
         // Not categorizing as "Warning" because it's the default behavior
         LogPrintf("Config file: %s (not found, skipping)\n",
                   fs::PathToString(config_file_path));
     }
 
     // Log the config arguments to debug.log
     args.LogArgs();
 
     LogPrintf("Using at most %i automatic connections (%i file descriptors "
               "available)\n",
               nMaxConnections, nFD);
 
     // Warn about relative -datadir path.
     if (args.IsArgSet("-datadir") &&
         !fs::PathFromString(args.GetArg("-datadir", "")).is_absolute()) {
         LogPrintf("Warning: relative datadir option '%s' specified, which will "
                   "be interpreted relative to the current working directory "
                   "'%s'. This is fragile, because if bitcoin is started in the "
                   "future from a different location, it will be unable to "
                   "locate the current data files. There could also be data "
                   "loss if bitcoin is started while in a temporary "
                   "directory.\n",
                   args.GetArg("-datadir", ""),
                   fs::PathToString(fs::current_path()));
     }
 
     InitSignatureCache();
     InitScriptExecutionCache();
 
     int script_threads = args.GetArg("-par", DEFAULT_SCRIPTCHECK_THREADS);
     if (script_threads <= 0) {
         // -par=0 means autodetect (number of cores - 1 script threads)
         // -par=-n means "leave n cores free" (number of cores - n - 1 script
         // threads)
         script_threads += GetNumCores();
     }
 
     // Subtract 1 because the main thread counts towards the par threads
     script_threads = std::max(script_threads - 1, 0);
 
     // Number of script-checking threads <= MAX_SCRIPTCHECK_THREADS
     script_threads = std::min(script_threads, MAX_SCRIPTCHECK_THREADS);
 
     LogPrintf("Script verification uses %d additional threads\n",
               script_threads);
     if (script_threads >= 1) {
         StartScriptCheckWorkerThreads(script_threads);
     }
 
     assert(!node.scheduler);
     node.scheduler = std::make_unique<CScheduler>();
 
     // Start the lightweight task scheduler thread
     node.scheduler->m_service_thread = std::thread([&] {
         TraceThread("scheduler", [&] { node.scheduler->serviceQueue(); });
     });
 
     // Gather some entropy once per minute.
     node.scheduler->scheduleEvery(
         [] {
             RandAddPeriodic();
             return true;
         },
         std::chrono::minutes{1});
 
     GetMainSignals().RegisterBackgroundSignalScheduler(*node.scheduler);
 
     /**
      * Register RPC commands regardless of -server setting so they will be
      * available in the GUI RPC console even if external calls are disabled.
      */
     RegisterAllRPCCommands(config, rpcServer, tableRPC);
     for (const auto &client : node.chain_clients) {
         client->registerRpcs();
     }
 #if ENABLE_ZMQ
     RegisterZMQRPCCommands(tableRPC);
 #endif
 
     /**
      * Start the RPC server.  It will be started in "warmup" mode and not
      * process calls yet (but it will verify that the server is there and will
      * be ready later).  Warmup mode will be completed when initialisation is
      * finished.
      */
     if (args.GetBoolArg("-server", false)) {
         uiInterface.InitMessage_connect(SetRPCWarmupStatus);
         if (!AppInitServers(config, httpRPCRequestProcessor, node)) {
             return InitError(
                 _("Unable to start HTTP server. See debug log for details."));
         }
     }
 
     // Step 5: verify wallet database integrity
     for (const auto &client : node.chain_clients) {
         if (!client->verify()) {
             return false;
         }
     }
 
     // Step 6: network initialization
 
     // Note that we absolutely cannot open any actual connections
     // until the very end ("start node") as the UTXO/block state
     // is not yet setup and may end up being set up twice if we
     // need to reindex later.
 
     assert(!node.banman);
     node.banman = std::make_unique<BanMan>(
         GetDataDir() / "banlist.dat", config.GetChainParams(), &uiInterface,
         args.GetArg("-bantime", DEFAULT_MISBEHAVING_BANTIME));
     assert(!node.connman);
     node.connman = std::make_unique<CConnman>(
         config, GetRand(std::numeric_limits<uint64_t>::max()),
         GetRand(std::numeric_limits<uint64_t>::max()),
         gArgs.GetBoolArg("-networkactive", true));
 
     assert(!node.mempool);
     int check_ratio = std::min<int>(
         std::max<int>(
             args.GetArg("-checkmempool",
                         chainparams.DefaultConsistencyChecks() ? 1 : 0),
             0),
         1000000);
     node.mempool = std::make_unique<CTxMemPool>(check_ratio);
 
     assert(!node.chainman);
     node.chainman = &g_chainman;
     ChainstateManager &chainman = *Assert(node.chainman);
 
     assert(!node.peerman);
     node.peerman =
         PeerManager::make(chainparams, *node.connman, node.banman.get(),
                           *node.scheduler, chainman, *node.mempool,
                           args.GetBoolArg("-blocksonly", DEFAULT_BLOCKSONLY));
     RegisterValidationInterface(node.peerman.get());
 
     // sanitize comments per BIP-0014, format user agent and check total size
     std::vector<std::string> uacomments;
     for (const std::string &cmt : args.GetArgs("-uacomment")) {
         if (cmt != SanitizeString(cmt, SAFE_CHARS_UA_COMMENT)) {
             return InitError(strprintf(
                 _("User Agent comment (%s) contains unsafe characters."), cmt));
         }
         uacomments.push_back(cmt);
     }
     const std::string client_name = args.GetArg("-uaclientname", CLIENT_NAME);
     const std::string client_version =
         args.GetArg("-uaclientversion", FormatVersion(CLIENT_VERSION));
     if (client_name != SanitizeString(client_name, SAFE_CHARS_UA_COMMENT)) {
         return InitError(strprintf(
             _("-uaclientname (%s) contains invalid characters."), client_name));
     }
     if (client_version !=
         SanitizeString(client_version, SAFE_CHARS_UA_COMMENT)) {
         return InitError(
             strprintf(_("-uaclientversion (%s) contains invalid characters."),
                       client_version));
     }
     const std::string strSubVersion =
         FormatUserAgent(client_name, client_version, uacomments);
     if (strSubVersion.size() > MAX_SUBVERSION_LENGTH) {
         return InitError(strprintf(
             _("Total length of network version string (%i) exceeds maximum "
               "length (%i). Reduce the number or size of uacomments."),
             strSubVersion.size(), MAX_SUBVERSION_LENGTH));
     }
 
     if (args.IsArgSet("-onlynet")) {
         std::set<enum Network> nets;
         for (const std::string &snet : args.GetArgs("-onlynet")) {
             enum Network net = ParseNetwork(snet);
             if (net == NET_UNROUTABLE) {
                 return InitError(strprintf(
                     _("Unknown network specified in -onlynet: '%s'"), snet));
             }
             nets.insert(net);
         }
         for (int n = 0; n < NET_MAX; n++) {
             enum Network net = (enum Network)n;
             if (!nets.count(net)) {
                 SetReachable(net, false);
             }
         }
     }
 
     // Check for host lookup allowed before parsing any network related
     // parameters
     fNameLookup = args.GetBoolArg("-dns", DEFAULT_NAME_LOOKUP);
 
     bool proxyRandomize =
         args.GetBoolArg("-proxyrandomize", DEFAULT_PROXYRANDOMIZE);
     // -proxy sets a proxy for all outgoing network traffic
     // -noproxy (or -proxy=0) as well as the empty string can be used to not set
     // a proxy, this is the default
     std::string proxyArg = args.GetArg("-proxy", "");
     SetReachable(NET_ONION, false);
     if (proxyArg != "" && proxyArg != "0") {
         CService proxyAddr;
         if (!Lookup(proxyArg, proxyAddr, 9050, fNameLookup)) {
             return InitError(strprintf(
                 _("Invalid -proxy address or hostname: '%s'"), proxyArg));
         }
 
         proxyType addrProxy = proxyType(proxyAddr, proxyRandomize);
         if (!addrProxy.IsValid()) {
             return InitError(strprintf(
                 _("Invalid -proxy address or hostname: '%s'"), proxyArg));
         }
 
         SetProxy(NET_IPV4, addrProxy);
         SetProxy(NET_IPV6, addrProxy);
         SetProxy(NET_ONION, addrProxy);
         SetNameProxy(addrProxy);
         // by default, -proxy sets onion as reachable, unless -noonion later
         SetReachable(NET_ONION, true);
     }
 
     // -onion can be used to set only a proxy for .onion, or override normal
     // proxy for .onion addresses.
     // -noonion (or -onion=0) disables connecting to .onion entirely. An empty
     // string is used to not override the onion proxy (in which case it defaults
     // to -proxy set above, or none)
     std::string onionArg = args.GetArg("-onion", "");
     if (onionArg != "") {
         if (onionArg == "0") {
             // Handle -noonion/-onion=0
             SetReachable(NET_ONION, false);
         } else {
             CService onionProxy;
             if (!Lookup(onionArg, onionProxy, 9050, fNameLookup)) {
                 return InitError(strprintf(
                     _("Invalid -onion address or hostname: '%s'"), onionArg));
             }
             proxyType addrOnion = proxyType(onionProxy, proxyRandomize);
             if (!addrOnion.IsValid()) {
                 return InitError(strprintf(
                     _("Invalid -onion address or hostname: '%s'"), onionArg));
             }
             SetProxy(NET_ONION, addrOnion);
             SetReachable(NET_ONION, true);
         }
     }
 
     fListen = args.GetBoolArg("-listen", DEFAULT_LISTEN);
     fDiscover = args.GetBoolArg("-discover", true);
 
     for (const std::string &strAddr : args.GetArgs("-externalip")) {
         CService addrLocal;
         if (Lookup(strAddr, addrLocal, GetListenPort(), fNameLookup) &&
             addrLocal.IsValid()) {
             AddLocal(addrLocal, LOCAL_MANUAL);
         } else {
             return InitError(ResolveErrMsg("externalip", strAddr));
         }
     }
 
     // Read asmap file if configured
     if (args.IsArgSet("-asmap")) {
         fs::path asmap_path = fs::PathFromString(args.GetArg("-asmap", ""));
         if (asmap_path.empty()) {
             asmap_path = fs::PathFromString(DEFAULT_ASMAP_FILENAME);
         }
         if (!asmap_path.is_absolute()) {
             asmap_path = GetDataDir() / asmap_path;
         }
         if (!fs::exists(asmap_path)) {
             InitError(strprintf(_("Could not find asmap file %s"),
                                 fs::quoted(fs::PathToString(asmap_path))));
             return false;
         }
         std::vector<bool> asmap = DecodeAsmap(asmap_path);
         if (asmap.size() == 0) {
             InitError(strprintf(_("Could not parse asmap file %s"),
                                 fs::quoted(fs::PathToString(asmap_path))));
             return false;
         }
         const uint256 asmap_version = SerializeHash(asmap);
         node.connman->SetAsmap(std::move(asmap));
         LogPrintf("Using asmap version %s for IP bucketing\n",
                   asmap_version.ToString());
     } else {
         LogPrintf("Using /16 prefix for IP bucketing\n");
     }
 
 #if ENABLE_ZMQ
     g_zmq_notification_interface = CZMQNotificationInterface::Create();
 
     if (g_zmq_notification_interface) {
         RegisterValidationInterface(g_zmq_notification_interface);
     }
 #endif
 
     // Step 6.5 (I guess ?): Initialize Avalanche.
     bilingual_str avalancheError;
     g_avalanche = avalanche::Processor::MakeProcessor(
         args, *node.chain, node.connman.get(), avalancheError);
     if (!g_avalanche) {
         InitError(avalancheError);
         return false;
     }
 
     if (isAvalancheEnabled(args) &&
         g_avalanche->isAvalancheServiceAvailable()) {
         nLocalServices = ServiceFlags(nLocalServices | NODE_AVALANCHE);
     }
 
     // Step 7: load block chain
 
     fReindex = args.GetBoolArg("-reindex", false);
     bool fReindexChainState = args.GetBoolArg("-reindex-chainstate", false);
 
     // cache size calculations
     int64_t nTotalCache = (args.GetArg("-dbcache", DEFAULT_DB_CACHE_MB) << 20);
     // total cache cannot be less than MIN_DB_CACHE_MB
     nTotalCache = std::max(nTotalCache, MIN_DB_CACHE_MB << 20);
     // total cache cannot be greater than MAX_DB_CACHE_MB
     nTotalCache = std::min(nTotalCache, MAX_DB_CACHE_MB << 20);
     int64_t nBlockTreeDBCache =
         std::min(nTotalCache / 8, MAX_BLOCK_DB_CACHE_MB << 20);
     nTotalCache -= nBlockTreeDBCache;
     int64_t nTxIndexCache =
         std::min(nTotalCache / 8, args.GetBoolArg("-txindex", DEFAULT_TXINDEX)
                                       ? MAX_TX_INDEX_CACHE_MB << 20
                                       : 0);
     nTotalCache -= nTxIndexCache;
     int64_t filter_index_cache = 0;
     if (!g_enabled_filter_types.empty()) {
         size_t n_indexes = g_enabled_filter_types.size();
         int64_t max_cache =
             std::min(nTotalCache / 8, MAX_FILTER_INDEX_CACHE_MB << 20);
         filter_index_cache = max_cache / n_indexes;
         nTotalCache -= filter_index_cache * n_indexes;
     }
     // use 25%-50% of the remainder for disk cache
     int64_t nCoinDBCache =
         std::min(nTotalCache / 2, (nTotalCache / 4) + (1 << 23));
     // cap total coins db cache
     nCoinDBCache = std::min(nCoinDBCache, MAX_COINS_DB_CACHE_MB << 20);
     nTotalCache -= nCoinDBCache;
     // the rest goes to in-memory cache
     int64_t nCoinCacheUsage = nTotalCache;
     int64_t nMempoolSizeMax =
         args.GetArg("-maxmempool", DEFAULT_MAX_MEMPOOL_SIZE) * 1000000;
     LogPrintf("Cache configuration:\n");
     LogPrintf("* Using %.1f MiB for block index database\n",
               nBlockTreeDBCache * (1.0 / 1024 / 1024));
     if (args.GetBoolArg("-txindex", DEFAULT_TXINDEX)) {
         LogPrintf("* Using %.1f MiB for transaction index database\n",
                   nTxIndexCache * (1.0 / 1024 / 1024));
     }
     for (BlockFilterType filter_type : g_enabled_filter_types) {
         LogPrintf("* Using %.1f MiB for %s block filter index database\n",
                   filter_index_cache * (1.0 / 1024 / 1024),
                   BlockFilterTypeName(filter_type));
     }
     LogPrintf("* Using %.1f MiB for chain state database\n",
               nCoinDBCache * (1.0 / 1024 / 1024));
     LogPrintf("* Using %.1f MiB for in-memory UTXO set (plus up to %.1f MiB of "
               "unused mempool space)\n",
               nCoinCacheUsage * (1.0 / 1024 / 1024),
               nMempoolSizeMax * (1.0 / 1024 / 1024));
 
     bool fLoaded = false;
     while (!fLoaded && !ShutdownRequested()) {
         const bool fReset = fReindex;
         auto is_coinsview_empty =
             [&](CChainState *chainstate) EXCLUSIVE_LOCKS_REQUIRED(::cs_main) {
                 return fReset || fReindexChainState ||
                        chainstate->CoinsTip().GetBestBlock().IsNull();
             };
         bilingual_str strLoadError;
 
         uiInterface.InitMessage(_("Loading block index...").translated);
         do {
             bool failed_verification = false;
             const int64_t load_block_index_start_time = GetTimeMillis();
             try {
                 LOCK(cs_main);
                 chainman.InitializeChainstate(*Assert(node.mempool));
                 chainman.m_total_coinstip_cache = nCoinCacheUsage;
                 chainman.m_total_coinsdb_cache = nCoinDBCache;
 
                 UnloadBlockIndex(node.mempool.get(), chainman);
 
                 // new CBlockTreeDB tries to delete the existing file, which
                 // fails if it's still open from the previous loop. Close it
                 // first:
                 pblocktree.reset();
                 pblocktree.reset(
                     new CBlockTreeDB(nBlockTreeDBCache, false, fReset));
 
                 if (fReset) {
                     pblocktree->WriteReindexing(true);
                     // If we're reindexing in prune mode, wipe away unusable
                     // block files and all undo data files
                     if (fPruneMode) {
                         CleanupBlockRevFiles();
                     }
                 }
 
                 const Consensus::Params &params = chainparams.GetConsensus();
 
                 // If necessary, upgrade from older database format.
                 // This is a no-op if we cleared the block tree db with -reindex
                 // or -reindex-chainstate
                 if (!pblocktree->Upgrade(params)) {
                     strLoadError = _("Error upgrading block index database");
                     break;
                 }
 
                 if (ShutdownRequested()) {
                     break;
                 }
 
                 // LoadBlockIndex will load fHavePruned if we've ever removed a
                 // block file from disk.
                 // Note that it also sets fReindex based on the disk flag!
                 // From here on out fReindex and fReset mean something
                 // different!
                 if (!chainman.LoadBlockIndex(params)) {
                     if (ShutdownRequested()) {
                         break;
                     }
                     strLoadError = _("Error loading block database");
                     break;
                 }
 
                 // If the loaded chain has a wrong genesis, bail out immediately
                 // (we're likely using a testnet datadir, or the other way
                 // around).
                 if (!chainman.BlockIndex().empty() &&
                     !LookupBlockIndex(params.hashGenesisBlock)) {
                     return InitError(_("Incorrect or no genesis block found. "
                                        "Wrong datadir for network?"));
                 }
 
                 // Check for changed -prune state.  What we are concerned about
                 // is a user who has pruned blocks in the past, but is now
                 // trying to run unpruned.
                 if (fHavePruned && !fPruneMode) {
                     strLoadError =
                         _("You need to rebuild the database using -reindex to "
                           "go back to unpruned mode.  This will redownload the "
                           "entire blockchain");
                     break;
                 }
 
                 // At this point blocktree args are consistent with what's on
                 // disk. If we're not mid-reindex (based on disk + args), add a
                 // genesis block on disk (otherwise we use the one already on
                 // disk).
                 // This is called again in ThreadImport after the reindex
                 // completes.
                 if (!fReindex && !LoadGenesisBlock(chainparams)) {
                     strLoadError = _("Error initializing block database");
                     break;
                 }
 
                 // At this point we're either in reindex or we've loaded a
                 // useful block tree into BlockIndex()!
 
                 bool failed_chainstate_init = false;
 
                 for (CChainState *chainstate : chainman.GetAll()) {
                     chainstate->InitCoinsDB(
                         /* cache_size_bytes */ nCoinDBCache,
                         /* in_memory */ false,
                         /* should_wipe */ fReset || fReindexChainState);
 
                     chainstate->CoinsErrorCatcher().AddReadErrCallback([]() {
                         uiInterface.ThreadSafeMessageBox(
                             _("Error reading from database, shutting down."),
                             "", CClientUIInterface::MSG_ERROR);
                     });
 
                     // If necessary, upgrade from older database format.
                     // This is a no-op if we cleared the coinsviewdb with
                     // -reindex or -reindex-chainstate
                     if (!chainstate->CoinsDB().Upgrade()) {
                         strLoadError = _("Error upgrading chainstate database");
                         failed_chainstate_init = true;
                         break;
                     }
 
                     // ReplayBlocks is a no-op if we cleared the coinsviewdb
                     // with -reindex or -reindex-chainstate
                     if (!chainstate->ReplayBlocks(params)) {
                         strLoadError = _(
                             "Unable to replay blocks. You will need to rebuild "
                             "the database using -reindex-chainstate.");
                         failed_chainstate_init = true;
                         break;
                     }
 
                     // The on-disk coinsdb is now in a good state, create the
                     // cache
                     chainstate->InitCoinsCache(nCoinCacheUsage);
                     assert(chainstate->CanFlushToDisk());
 
                     if (!is_coinsview_empty(chainstate)) {
                         // LoadChainTip initializes the chain based on
                         // CoinsTip()'s best block
                         if (!chainstate->LoadChainTip(chainparams)) {
                             strLoadError =
                                 _("Error initializing block database");
                             failed_chainstate_init = true;
                             // out of the per-chainstate loop
                             break;
                         }
                         assert(chainstate->m_chain.Tip() != nullptr);
                     }
                 }
 
                 if (failed_chainstate_init) {
                     // out of the chainstate activation do-while
                     break;
                 }
 
                 for (CChainState *chainstate : chainman.GetAll()) {
                     if (!is_coinsview_empty(chainstate)) {
                         uiInterface.InitMessage(
                             _("Verifying blocks...").translated);
                         if (fHavePruned &&
                             args.GetArg("-checkblocks", DEFAULT_CHECKBLOCKS) >
                                 MIN_BLOCKS_TO_KEEP) {
                             LogPrintf(
                                 "Prune: pruned datadir may not have more than "
                                 "%d blocks; only checking available blocks\n",
                                 MIN_BLOCKS_TO_KEEP);
                         }
 
                         const CBlockIndex *tip = chainstate->m_chain.Tip();
                         RPCNotifyBlockChange(tip);
                         if (tip &&
                             tip->nTime > GetAdjustedTime() + 2 * 60 * 60) {
                             strLoadError =
                                 _("The block database contains a block which "
                                   "appears to be from the future. "
                                   "This may be due to your computer's date and "
                                   "time being set incorrectly. "
                                   "Only rebuild the block database if you are "
                                   "sure that your computer's date and time are "
                                   "correct");
                             failed_verification = true;
                             break;
                         }
 
                         // Only verify the DB of the active chainstate. This is
                         // fixed in later work when we allow VerifyDB to be
                         // parameterized by chainstate.
                         if (&::ChainstateActive() == chainstate &&
                             !CVerifyDB().VerifyDB(
                                 config, &chainstate->CoinsDB(),
                                 args.GetArg("-checklevel", DEFAULT_CHECKLEVEL),
                                 args.GetArg("-checkblocks",
                                             DEFAULT_CHECKBLOCKS))) {
                             strLoadError =
                                 _("Corrupted block database detected");
                             failed_verification = true;
                             break;
                         }
                     }
                 }
             } catch (const std::exception &e) {
                 LogPrintf("%s\n", e.what());
                 strLoadError = _("Error opening block database");
                 failed_verification = true;
                 break;
             }
 
             if (!failed_verification) {
                 fLoaded = true;
                 LogPrintf(" block index %15dms\n",
                           GetTimeMillis() - load_block_index_start_time);
             }
         } while (false);
 
         if (!fLoaded && !ShutdownRequested()) {
             // first suggest a reindex
             if (!fReset) {
                 bool fRet = uiInterface.ThreadSafeQuestion(
                     strLoadError + Untranslated(".\n\n") +
                         _("Do you want to rebuild the block database now?"),
                     strLoadError.original +
                         ".\nPlease restart with -reindex or "
                         "-reindex-chainstate to recover.",
                     "",
                     CClientUIInterface::MSG_ERROR |
                         CClientUIInterface::BTN_ABORT);
                 if (fRet) {
                     fReindex = true;
                     AbortShutdown();
                 } else {
                     LogPrintf("Aborted block database rebuild. Exiting.\n");
                     return false;
                 }
             } else {
                 return InitError(strLoadError);
             }
         }
     }
 
     // As LoadBlockIndex can take several minutes, it's possible the user
     // requested to kill the GUI during the last operation. If so, exit.
     // As the program has not fully started yet, Shutdown() is possibly
     // overkill.
     if (ShutdownRequested()) {
         LogPrintf("Shutdown requested. Exiting.\n");
         return false;
     }
 
     // Encoded addresses using cashaddr instead of base58.
     // We do this by default to avoid confusion with BTC addresses.
     config.SetCashAddrEncoding(args.GetBoolArg("-usecashaddr", true));
 
     // Step 8: load indexers
     if (args.GetBoolArg("-txindex", DEFAULT_TXINDEX)) {
         g_txindex = std::make_unique<TxIndex>(nTxIndexCache, false, fReindex);
         g_txindex->Start();
     }
 
     for (const auto &filter_type : g_enabled_filter_types) {
         InitBlockFilterIndex(filter_type, filter_index_cache, false, fReindex);
         GetBlockFilterIndex(filter_type)->Start();
     }
 
     // Step 9: load wallet
     for (const auto &client : node.chain_clients) {
         if (!client->load()) {
             return false;
         }
     }
 
     // Step 10: data directory maintenance
 
     // if pruning, unset the service bit and perform the initial blockstore
     // prune after any wallet rescanning has taken place.
     if (fPruneMode) {
         LogPrintf("Unsetting NODE_NETWORK on prune mode\n");
         nLocalServices = ServiceFlags(nLocalServices & ~NODE_NETWORK);
         if (!fReindex) {
             LOCK(cs_main);
             for (CChainState *chainstate : chainman.GetAll()) {
                 uiInterface.InitMessage(_("Pruning blockstore...").translated);
                 chainstate->PruneAndFlush();
             }
         }
     }
 
     // Step 11: import blocks
     if (!CheckDiskSpace(GetDataDir())) {
         InitError(strprintf(_("Error: Disk space is low for %s"),
                             fs::quoted(fs::PathToString(GetDataDir()))));
         return false;
     }
     if (!CheckDiskSpace(gArgs.GetBlocksDirPath())) {
         InitError(
             strprintf(_("Error: Disk space is low for %s"),
                       fs::quoted(fs::PathToString(gArgs.GetBlocksDirPath()))));
         return false;
     }
 
     // Either install a handler to notify us when genesis activates, or set
     // fHaveGenesis directly.
     // No locking, as this happens before any background thread is started.
     boost::signals2::connection block_notify_genesis_wait_connection;
     if (::ChainActive().Tip() == nullptr) {
         block_notify_genesis_wait_connection =
             uiInterface.NotifyBlockTip_connect(
                 std::bind(BlockNotifyGenesisWait, std::placeholders::_2));
     } else {
         fHaveGenesis = true;
     }
 
 #if defined(HAVE_SYSTEM)
     const std::string block_notify = args.GetArg("-blocknotify", "");
     if (!block_notify.empty()) {
         uiInterface.NotifyBlockTip_connect([block_notify](
                                                SynchronizationState sync_state,
                                                const CBlockIndex *pBlockIndex) {
             if (sync_state != SynchronizationState::POST_INIT || !pBlockIndex) {
                 return;
             }
             std::string command = block_notify;
             boost::replace_all(command, "%s",
                                pBlockIndex->GetBlockHash().GetHex());
             std::thread t(runCommand, command);
             // thread runs free
             t.detach();
         });
     }
 #endif
 
     std::vector<fs::path> vImportFiles;
     for (const std::string &strFile : args.GetArgs("-loadblock")) {
         vImportFiles.push_back(fs::PathFromString(strFile));
     }
 
     g_load_block =
         std::thread(&TraceThread<std::function<void()>>, "loadblk",
                     [=, &config, &chainman, &args] {
                         ThreadImport(config, chainman, vImportFiles, args);
                     });
 
     // Wait for genesis block to be processed
     {
         WAIT_LOCK(g_genesis_wait_mutex, lock);
         // We previously could hang here if StartShutdown() is called prior to
         // ThreadImport getting started, so instead we just wait on a timer to
         // check ShutdownRequested() regularly.
         while (!fHaveGenesis && !ShutdownRequested()) {
             g_genesis_wait_cv.wait_for(lock, std::chrono::milliseconds(500));
         }
         block_notify_genesis_wait_connection.disconnect();
     }
 
     if (ShutdownRequested()) {
         return false;
     }
 
     // Step 12: start node
 
     int chain_active_height;
 
     //// debug print
     {
         LOCK(cs_main);
         LogPrintf("block tree size = %u\n", chainman.BlockIndex().size());
         chain_active_height = chainman.ActiveChain().Height();
         if (tip_info) {
             tip_info->block_height = chain_active_height;
             tip_info->block_time =
                 chainman.ActiveChain().Tip()
                     ? chainman.ActiveChain().Tip()->GetBlockTime()
                     : Params().GenesisBlock().GetBlockTime();
             tip_info->verification_progress = GuessVerificationProgress(
                 Params().TxData(), chainman.ActiveChain().Tip());
         }
         if (tip_info && ::pindexBestHeader) {
             tip_info->header_height = ::pindexBestHeader->nHeight;
             tip_info->header_time = ::pindexBestHeader->GetBlockTime();
         }
     }
     LogPrintf("nBestHeight = %d\n", chain_active_height);
     if (node.peerman) {
         node.peerman->SetBestHeight(chain_active_height);
     }
 
     Discover();
 
     // Map ports with UPnP
     if (args.GetBoolArg("-upnp", DEFAULT_UPNP)) {
         StartMapPort();
     }
 
     CConnman::Options connOptions;
     connOptions.nLocalServices = nLocalServices;
     connOptions.nMaxConnections = nMaxConnections;
     connOptions.m_max_avalanche_outbound =
         std::min(g_avalanche && isAvalancheEnabled(args)
                      ? MAX_AVALANCHE_OUTBOUND_CONNECTIONS
                      : 0,
                  connOptions.nMaxConnections);
     connOptions.m_max_outbound_full_relay = std::min(
         MAX_OUTBOUND_FULL_RELAY_CONNECTIONS,
         connOptions.nMaxConnections - connOptions.m_max_avalanche_outbound);
     connOptions.m_max_outbound_block_relay = std::min(
         MAX_BLOCK_RELAY_ONLY_CONNECTIONS,
         connOptions.nMaxConnections - connOptions.m_max_avalanche_outbound -
             connOptions.m_max_outbound_full_relay);
     connOptions.nMaxAddnode = MAX_ADDNODE_CONNECTIONS;
     connOptions.nMaxFeeler = MAX_FEELER_CONNECTIONS;
     connOptions.uiInterface = &uiInterface;
     connOptions.m_banman = node.banman.get();
     connOptions.m_msgproc = node.peerman.get();
     connOptions.nSendBufferMaxSize =
         1000 * args.GetArg("-maxsendbuffer", DEFAULT_MAXSENDBUFFER);
     connOptions.nReceiveFloodSize =
         1000 * args.GetArg("-maxreceivebuffer", DEFAULT_MAXRECEIVEBUFFER);
     connOptions.m_added_nodes = args.GetArgs("-addnode");
 
     connOptions.nMaxOutboundLimit =
         1024 * 1024 *
         args.GetArg("-maxuploadtarget", DEFAULT_MAX_UPLOAD_TARGET);
     connOptions.m_peer_connect_timeout = peer_connect_timeout;
 
     for (const std::string &bind_arg : args.GetArgs("-bind")) {
         CService bind_addr;
         const size_t index = bind_arg.rfind('=');
         if (index == std::string::npos) {
             if (Lookup(bind_arg, bind_addr, GetListenPort(), false)) {
                 connOptions.vBinds.push_back(bind_addr);
                 continue;
             }
         } else {
             const std::string network_type = bind_arg.substr(index + 1);
             if (network_type == "onion") {
                 const std::string truncated_bind_arg =
                     bind_arg.substr(0, index);
                 if (Lookup(truncated_bind_arg, bind_addr,
                            BaseParams().OnionServiceTargetPort(), false)) {
                     connOptions.onion_binds.push_back(bind_addr);
                     continue;
                 }
             }
         }
         return InitError(ResolveErrMsg("bind", bind_arg));
     }
 
     if (connOptions.onion_binds.empty()) {
         connOptions.onion_binds.push_back(DefaultOnionServiceTarget());
     }
 
     if (args.GetBoolArg("-listenonion", DEFAULT_LISTEN_ONION)) {
         const auto bind_addr = connOptions.onion_binds.front();
         if (connOptions.onion_binds.size() > 1) {
             InitWarning(strprintf(
                 _("More than one onion bind address is provided. Using %s for "
                   "the automatically created Tor onion service."),
                 bind_addr.ToStringIPPort()));
         }
         StartTorControl(bind_addr);
     }
 
     for (const std::string &strBind : args.GetArgs("-whitebind")) {
         NetWhitebindPermissions whitebind;
         bilingual_str error;
         if (!NetWhitebindPermissions::TryParse(strBind, whitebind, error)) {
             return InitError(error);
         }
         connOptions.vWhiteBinds.push_back(whitebind);
     }
 
     for (const auto &net : args.GetArgs("-whitelist")) {
         NetWhitelistPermissions subnet;
         bilingual_str error;
         if (!NetWhitelistPermissions::TryParse(net, subnet, error)) {
             return InitError(error);
         }
         connOptions.vWhitelistedRange.push_back(subnet);
     }
 
     connOptions.vSeedNodes = args.GetArgs("-seednode");
 
     // Initiate outbound connections unless connect=0
     connOptions.m_use_addrman_outgoing = !args.IsArgSet("-connect");
     if (!connOptions.m_use_addrman_outgoing) {
         const auto connect = args.GetArgs("-connect");
         if (connect.size() != 1 || connect[0] != "0") {
             connOptions.m_specified_outgoing = connect;
         }
     }
 
     const std::string &i2psam_arg = args.GetArg("-i2psam", "");
     if (!i2psam_arg.empty()) {
         CService addr;
         if (!Lookup(i2psam_arg, addr, 7656, fNameLookup) || !addr.IsValid()) {
             return InitError(strprintf(
                 _("Invalid -i2psam address or hostname: '%s'"), i2psam_arg));
         }
         SetReachable(NET_I2P, true);
         SetProxy(NET_I2P, proxyType{addr});
     } else {
         SetReachable(NET_I2P, false);
     }
 
     connOptions.m_i2p_accept_incoming =
         args.GetBoolArg("-i2pacceptincoming", true);
 
     if (!node.connman->Start(*node.scheduler, connOptions)) {
         return false;
     }
 
     // Step 13: finished
 
     SetRPCWarmupFinished();
     uiInterface.InitMessage(_("Done loading").translated);
 
     for (const auto &client : node.chain_clients) {
         client->start(*node.scheduler);
     }
 
     BanMan *banman = node.banman.get();
     node.scheduler->scheduleEvery(
         [banman] {
             banman->DumpBanlist();
             return true;
         },
         DUMP_BANS_INTERVAL);
 
     // Start Avalanche's event loop.
     g_avalanche->startEventLoop(*node.scheduler);
 
 #if HAVE_SYSTEM
     StartupNotify(args);
 #endif
 
     return true;
 }
diff --git a/src/net.cpp b/src/net.cpp
index 1731dd3c0..9a0ef2016 100644
--- a/src/net.cpp
+++ b/src/net.cpp
@@ -1,3753 +1,3757 @@
 // Copyright (c) 2009-2010 Satoshi Nakamoto
 // Copyright (c) 2009-2019 The Bitcoin Core developers
 // Distributed under the MIT software license, see the accompanying
 // file COPYING or http://www.opensource.org/licenses/mit-license.php.
 
 #if defined(HAVE_CONFIG_H)
 #include <config/bitcoin-config.h>
 #endif
 
 #include <net.h>
 
 #include <avalanche/avalanche.h>
 #include <banman.h>
 #include <clientversion.h>
 #include <compat.h>
 #include <config.h>
 #include <consensus/consensus.h>
 #include <crypto/sha256.h>
 #include <dnsseeds.h>
 #include <i2p.h>
 #include <netbase.h>
 #include <node/ui_interface.h>
 #include <protocol.h>
 #include <random.h>
 #include <scheduler.h>
 #include <util/sock.h>
 #include <util/strencodings.h>
 #include <util/translation.h>
 
 #ifdef WIN32
 #include <cstring>
 #else
 #include <fcntl.h>
 #endif
 
 #ifdef USE_POLL
 #include <poll.h>
 #endif
 
 #ifdef USE_UPNP
 #include <miniupnpc/miniupnpc.h>
 #include <miniupnpc/upnpcommands.h>
 #include <miniupnpc/upnperrors.h>
 // The minimum supported miniUPnPc API version is set to 10. This keeps
 // compatibility with Ubuntu 16.04 LTS and Debian 8 libminiupnpc-dev packages.
 static_assert(MINIUPNPC_API_VERSION >= 10,
               "miniUPnPc API version >= 10 assumed");
 #endif
 
 #include <algorithm>
 #include <array>
 #include <cmath>
 #include <cstdint>
 #include <functional>
 #include <limits>
 #include <optional>
 #include <unordered_map>
 
 /** Maximum number of block-relay-only anchor connections */
 static constexpr size_t MAX_BLOCK_RELAY_ONLY_ANCHORS = 2;
 static_assert(MAX_BLOCK_RELAY_ONLY_ANCHORS <=
                   static_cast<size_t>(MAX_BLOCK_RELAY_ONLY_CONNECTIONS),
               "MAX_BLOCK_RELAY_ONLY_ANCHORS must not exceed "
               "MAX_BLOCK_RELAY_ONLY_CONNECTIONS.");
 /** Anchor IP address database file name */
 const char *const ANCHORS_DATABASE_FILENAME = "anchors.dat";
 
 // How often to dump addresses to peers.dat
 static constexpr std::chrono::minutes DUMP_PEERS_INTERVAL{15};
 
 /**
  * Number of DNS seeds to query when the number of connections is low.
  */
 static constexpr int DNSSEEDS_TO_QUERY_AT_ONCE = 3;
 
 /**
  * How long to delay before querying DNS seeds
  *
  * If we have more than THRESHOLD entries in addrman, then it's likely
  * that we got those addresses from having previously connected to the P2P
  * network, and that we'll be able to successfully reconnect to the P2P
  * network via contacting one of them. So if that's the case, spend a
  * little longer trying to connect to known peers before querying the
  * DNS seeds.
  */
 static constexpr std::chrono::seconds DNSSEEDS_DELAY_FEW_PEERS{11};
 static constexpr std::chrono::minutes DNSSEEDS_DELAY_MANY_PEERS{5};
 // "many" vs "few" peers
 static constexpr int DNSSEEDS_DELAY_PEER_THRESHOLD = 1000;
 
 /** The default timeframe for -maxuploadtarget. 1 day. */
 static constexpr std::chrono::seconds MAX_UPLOAD_TIMEFRAME{60 * 60 * 24};
 
 // We add a random period time (0 to 1 seconds) to feeler connections to prevent
 // synchronization.
 #define FEELER_SLEEP_WINDOW 1
 
 /** Used to pass flags to the Bind() function */
 enum BindFlags {
     BF_NONE = 0,
     BF_EXPLICIT = (1U << 0),
     BF_REPORT_ERROR = (1U << 1),
     /**
      * Do not call AddLocal() for our special addresses, e.g., for incoming
      * Tor connections, to prevent gossiping them over the network.
      */
     BF_DONT_ADVERTISE = (1U << 2),
 };
 
 // The set of sockets cannot be modified while waiting
 // The sleep time needs to be small to avoid new sockets stalling
 static const uint64_t SELECT_TIMEOUT_MILLISECONDS = 50;
 
 const std::string NET_MESSAGE_COMMAND_OTHER = "*other*";
 
 // SHA256("netgroup")[0:8]
 static const uint64_t RANDOMIZER_ID_NETGROUP = 0x6c0edd8036ef4036ULL;
 // SHA256("localhostnonce")[0:8]
 static const uint64_t RANDOMIZER_ID_LOCALHOSTNONCE = 0xd93e69e2bbfa5735ULL;
 // SHA256("localhostnonce")[8:16]
 static const uint64_t RANDOMIZER_ID_EXTRAENTROPY = 0x94b05d41679a4ff7ULL;
 // SHA256("addrcache")[0:8]
 static const uint64_t RANDOMIZER_ID_ADDRCACHE = 0x1cf2e4ddd306dda9ULL;
 //
 // Global state variables
 //
 bool fDiscover = true;
 bool fListen = true;
 RecursiveMutex cs_mapLocalHost;
 std::map<CNetAddr, LocalServiceInfo> mapLocalHost GUARDED_BY(cs_mapLocalHost);
 static bool vfLimited[NET_MAX] GUARDED_BY(cs_mapLocalHost) = {};
 
 void CConnman::AddAddrFetch(const std::string &strDest) {
     LOCK(m_addr_fetches_mutex);
     m_addr_fetches.push_back(strDest);
 }
 
 uint16_t GetListenPort() {
     return static_cast<uint16_t>(
         gArgs.GetArg("-port", Params().GetDefaultPort()));
 }
 
 // find 'best' local address for a particular peer
 bool GetLocal(CService &addr, const CNetAddr *paddrPeer) {
     if (!fListen) {
         return false;
     }
 
     int nBestScore = -1;
     int nBestReachability = -1;
     {
         LOCK(cs_mapLocalHost);
         for (const auto &entry : mapLocalHost) {
             int nScore = entry.second.nScore;
             int nReachability = entry.first.GetReachabilityFrom(paddrPeer);
             if (nReachability > nBestReachability ||
                 (nReachability == nBestReachability && nScore > nBestScore)) {
                 addr = CService(entry.first, entry.second.nPort);
                 nBestReachability = nReachability;
                 nBestScore = nScore;
             }
         }
     }
     return nBestScore >= 0;
 }
 
 //! Convert the pnSeed6 array into usable address objects.
 static std::vector<CAddress>
 convertSeed6(const std::vector<SeedSpec6> &vSeedsIn) {
     // It'll only connect to one or two seed nodes because once it connects,
     // it'll get a pile of addresses with newer timestamps. Seed nodes are given
     // a random 'last seen time' of between one and two weeks ago.
     const int64_t nOneWeek = 7 * 24 * 60 * 60;
     std::vector<CAddress> vSeedsOut;
     vSeedsOut.reserve(vSeedsIn.size());
     FastRandomContext rng;
     for (const auto &seed_in : vSeedsIn) {
         struct in6_addr ip;
         memcpy(&ip, seed_in.addr, sizeof(ip));
         CAddress addr(CService(ip, seed_in.port),
                       GetDesirableServiceFlags(NODE_NONE));
         addr.nTime = GetTime() - rng.randrange(nOneWeek) - nOneWeek;
         vSeedsOut.push_back(addr);
     }
     return vSeedsOut;
 }
 
 // Get best local address for a particular peer as a CAddress. Otherwise, return
 // the unroutable 0.0.0.0 but filled in with the normal parameters, since the IP
 // may be changed to a useful one by discovery.
 CAddress GetLocalAddress(const CNetAddr *paddrPeer,
                          ServiceFlags nLocalServices) {
     CAddress ret(CService(CNetAddr(), GetListenPort()), nLocalServices);
     CService addr;
     if (GetLocal(addr, paddrPeer)) {
         ret = CAddress(addr, nLocalServices);
     }
     ret.nTime = GetAdjustedTime();
     return ret;
 }
 
 static int GetnScore(const CService &addr) {
     LOCK(cs_mapLocalHost);
     if (mapLocalHost.count(addr) == 0) {
         return 0;
     }
     return mapLocalHost[addr].nScore;
 }
 
 // Is our peer's addrLocal potentially useful as an external IP source?
 bool IsPeerAddrLocalGood(CNode *pnode) {
     CService addrLocal = pnode->GetAddrLocal();
     return fDiscover && pnode->addr.IsRoutable() && addrLocal.IsRoutable() &&
            IsReachable(addrLocal.GetNetwork());
 }
 
 std::optional<CAddress> GetLocalAddrForPeer(CNode *pnode) {
     CAddress addrLocal =
         GetLocalAddress(&pnode->addr, pnode->GetLocalServices());
     if (gArgs.GetBoolArg("-addrmantest", false)) {
         // use IPv4 loopback during addrmantest
         addrLocal =
             CAddress(CService(LookupNumeric("127.0.0.1", GetListenPort())),
                      pnode->GetLocalServices());
     }
     // If discovery is enabled, sometimes give our peer the address it
     // tells us that it sees us as in case it has a better idea of our
     // address than we do.
     FastRandomContext rng;
     if (IsPeerAddrLocalGood(pnode) &&
         (!addrLocal.IsRoutable() ||
          rng.randbits((GetnScore(addrLocal) > LOCAL_MANUAL) ? 3 : 1) == 0)) {
         addrLocal.SetIP(pnode->GetAddrLocal());
     }
     if (addrLocal.IsRoutable() || gArgs.GetBoolArg("-addrmantest", false)) {
         LogPrint(BCLog::NET, "Advertising address %s to peer=%d\n",
                  addrLocal.ToString(), pnode->GetId());
         return addrLocal;
     }
     // Address is unroutable. Don't advertise.
     return std::nullopt;
 }
 
 // Learn a new local address.
 bool AddLocal(const CService &addr, int nScore) {
     if (!addr.IsRoutable()) {
         return false;
     }
 
     if (!fDiscover && nScore < LOCAL_MANUAL) {
         return false;
     }
 
     if (!IsReachable(addr)) {
         return false;
     }
 
     LogPrintf("AddLocal(%s,%i)\n", addr.ToString(), nScore);
 
     {
         LOCK(cs_mapLocalHost);
         bool fAlready = mapLocalHost.count(addr) > 0;
         LocalServiceInfo &info = mapLocalHost[addr];
         if (!fAlready || nScore >= info.nScore) {
             info.nScore = nScore + (fAlready ? 1 : 0);
             info.nPort = addr.GetPort();
         }
     }
 
     return true;
 }
 
 bool AddLocal(const CNetAddr &addr, int nScore) {
     return AddLocal(CService(addr, GetListenPort()), nScore);
 }
 
 void RemoveLocal(const CService &addr) {
     LOCK(cs_mapLocalHost);
     LogPrintf("RemoveLocal(%s)\n", addr.ToString());
     mapLocalHost.erase(addr);
 }
 
 void SetReachable(enum Network net, bool reachable) {
     if (net == NET_UNROUTABLE || net == NET_INTERNAL) {
         return;
     }
     LOCK(cs_mapLocalHost);
     vfLimited[net] = !reachable;
 }
 
 bool IsReachable(enum Network net) {
     LOCK(cs_mapLocalHost);
     return !vfLimited[net];
 }
 
 bool IsReachable(const CNetAddr &addr) {
     return IsReachable(addr.GetNetwork());
 }
 
 /** vote for a local address */
 bool SeenLocal(const CService &addr) {
     LOCK(cs_mapLocalHost);
     if (mapLocalHost.count(addr) == 0) {
         return false;
     }
     mapLocalHost[addr].nScore++;
     return true;
 }
 
 /** check whether a given address is potentially local */
 bool IsLocal(const CService &addr) {
     LOCK(cs_mapLocalHost);
     return mapLocalHost.count(addr) > 0;
 }
 
 CNode *CConnman::FindNode(const CNetAddr &ip) {
     LOCK(cs_vNodes);
     for (CNode *pnode : vNodes) {
         if (static_cast<CNetAddr>(pnode->addr) == ip) {
             return pnode;
         }
     }
     return nullptr;
 }
 
 CNode *CConnman::FindNode(const CSubNet &subNet) {
     LOCK(cs_vNodes);
     for (CNode *pnode : vNodes) {
         if (subNet.Match(static_cast<CNetAddr>(pnode->addr))) {
             return pnode;
         }
     }
     return nullptr;
 }
 
 CNode *CConnman::FindNode(const std::string &addrName) {
     LOCK(cs_vNodes);
     for (CNode *pnode : vNodes) {
         if (pnode->GetAddrName() == addrName) {
             return pnode;
         }
     }
     return nullptr;
 }
 
 CNode *CConnman::FindNode(const CService &addr) {
     LOCK(cs_vNodes);
     for (CNode *pnode : vNodes) {
         if (static_cast<CService>(pnode->addr) == addr) {
             return pnode;
         }
     }
     return nullptr;
 }
 
 bool CConnman::AlreadyConnectedToAddress(const CAddress &addr) {
     return FindNode(static_cast<CNetAddr>(addr)) ||
            FindNode(addr.ToStringIPPort());
 }
 
 bool CConnman::CheckIncomingNonce(uint64_t nonce) {
     LOCK(cs_vNodes);
     for (const CNode *pnode : vNodes) {
         if (!pnode->fSuccessfullyConnected && !pnode->IsInboundConn() &&
             pnode->GetLocalNonce() == nonce) {
             return false;
         }
     }
     return true;
 }
 
 /** Get the bind address for a socket as CAddress */
 static CAddress GetBindAddress(SOCKET sock) {
     CAddress addr_bind;
     struct sockaddr_storage sockaddr_bind;
     socklen_t sockaddr_bind_len = sizeof(sockaddr_bind);
     if (sock != INVALID_SOCKET) {
         if (!getsockname(sock, (struct sockaddr *)&sockaddr_bind,
                          &sockaddr_bind_len)) {
             addr_bind.SetSockAddr((const struct sockaddr *)&sockaddr_bind);
         } else {
             LogPrint(BCLog::NET, "Warning: getsockname failed\n");
         }
     }
     return addr_bind;
 }
 
 CNode *CConnman::ConnectNode(CAddress addrConnect, const char *pszDest,
                              bool fCountFailure, ConnectionType conn_type) {
     assert(conn_type != ConnectionType::INBOUND);
 
     if (pszDest == nullptr) {
         if (IsLocal(addrConnect)) {
             return nullptr;
         }
 
         // Look for an existing connection
         CNode *pnode = FindNode(static_cast<CService>(addrConnect));
         if (pnode) {
             LogPrintf("Failed to open new connection, already connected\n");
             return nullptr;
         }
     }
 
     /// debug print
     LogPrint(BCLog::NET, "trying connection %s lastseen=%.1fhrs\n",
              pszDest ? pszDest : addrConnect.ToString(),
              pszDest
                  ? 0.0
                  : (double)(GetAdjustedTime() - addrConnect.nTime) / 3600.0);
 
     // Resolve
-    const uint16_t default_port{Params().GetDefaultPort()};
+    const uint16_t default_port{pszDest != nullptr
+                                    ? Params().GetDefaultPort(pszDest)
+                                    : Params().GetDefaultPort()};
     if (pszDest) {
         std::vector<CService> resolved;
         if (Lookup(pszDest, resolved, default_port,
                    fNameLookup && !HaveNameProxy(), 256) &&
             !resolved.empty()) {
             addrConnect =
                 CAddress(resolved[GetRand(resolved.size())], NODE_NONE);
             if (!addrConnect.IsValid()) {
                 LogPrint(BCLog::NET,
                          "Resolver returned invalid address %s for %s\n",
                          addrConnect.ToString(), pszDest);
                 return nullptr;
             }
             // It is possible that we already have a connection to the IP/port
             // pszDest resolved to. In that case, drop the connection that was
             // just created, and return the existing CNode instead. Also store
             // the name we used to connect in that CNode, so that future
             // FindNode() calls to that name catch this early.
             LOCK(cs_vNodes);
             CNode *pnode = FindNode(static_cast<CService>(addrConnect));
             if (pnode) {
                 pnode->MaybeSetAddrName(std::string(pszDest));
                 LogPrintf("Failed to open new connection, already connected\n");
                 return nullptr;
             }
         }
     }
 
     // Connect
     bool connected = false;
     std::unique_ptr<Sock> sock;
     proxyType proxy;
     CAddress addr_bind;
     assert(!addr_bind.IsValid());
 
     if (addrConnect.IsValid()) {
         bool proxyConnectionFailed = false;
 
         if (addrConnect.GetNetwork() == NET_I2P &&
             m_i2p_sam_session.get() != nullptr) {
             i2p::Connection conn;
             if (m_i2p_sam_session->Connect(addrConnect, conn,
                                            proxyConnectionFailed)) {
                 connected = true;
                 sock = std::move(conn.sock);
                 addr_bind = CAddress{conn.me, NODE_NONE};
             }
         } else if (GetProxy(addrConnect.GetNetwork(), proxy)) {
             sock = CreateSock(proxy.proxy);
             if (!sock) {
                 return nullptr;
             }
             connected = ConnectThroughProxy(
                 proxy, addrConnect.ToStringIP(), addrConnect.GetPort(), *sock,
                 nConnectTimeout, proxyConnectionFailed);
         } else {
             // no proxy needed (none set for target network)
             sock = CreateSock(addrConnect);
             if (!sock) {
                 return nullptr;
             }
             connected =
                 ConnectSocketDirectly(addrConnect, *sock, nConnectTimeout,
                                       conn_type == ConnectionType::MANUAL);
         }
         if (!proxyConnectionFailed) {
             // If a connection to the node was attempted, and failure (if any)
             // is not caused by a problem connecting to the proxy, mark this as
             // an attempt.
             addrman.Attempt(addrConnect, fCountFailure);
         }
     } else if (pszDest && GetNameProxy(proxy)) {
         sock = CreateSock(proxy.proxy);
         if (!sock) {
             return nullptr;
         }
         std::string host;
         uint16_t port{default_port};
         SplitHostPort(std::string(pszDest), port, host);
         bool proxyConnectionFailed;
         connected = ConnectThroughProxy(proxy, host, port, *sock,
                                         nConnectTimeout, proxyConnectionFailed);
     }
     if (!connected) {
         return nullptr;
     }
 
     // Add node
     NodeId id = GetNewNodeId();
     uint64_t nonce = GetDeterministicRandomizer(RANDOMIZER_ID_LOCALHOSTNONCE)
                          .Write(id)
                          .Finalize();
     uint64_t extra_entropy =
         GetDeterministicRandomizer(RANDOMIZER_ID_EXTRAENTROPY)
             .Write(id)
             .Finalize();
     if (!addr_bind.IsValid()) {
         addr_bind = GetBindAddress(sock->Get());
     }
     CNode *pnode =
         new CNode(id, nLocalServices, sock->Release(), addrConnect,
                   CalculateKeyedNetGroup(addrConnect), nonce, extra_entropy,
                   addr_bind, pszDest ? pszDest : "", conn_type,
                   /* inbound_onion */ false);
     pnode->AddRef();
 
     // We're making a new connection, harvest entropy from the time (and our
     // peer count)
     RandAddEvent(uint32_t(id));
 
     return pnode;
 }
 
 void CNode::CloseSocketDisconnect() {
     fDisconnect = true;
     LOCK(cs_hSocket);
     if (hSocket != INVALID_SOCKET) {
         LogPrint(BCLog::NET, "disconnecting peer=%d\n", id);
         CloseSocket(hSocket);
     }
 }
 
 void CConnman::AddWhitelistPermissionFlags(NetPermissionFlags &flags,
                                            const CNetAddr &addr) const {
     for (const auto &subnet : vWhitelistedRange) {
         if (subnet.m_subnet.Match(addr)) {
             NetPermissions::AddFlag(flags, subnet.m_flags);
         }
     }
 }
 
 std::string CNode::ConnectionTypeAsString() const {
     switch (m_conn_type) {
         case ConnectionType::INBOUND:
             return "inbound";
         case ConnectionType::MANUAL:
             return "manual";
         case ConnectionType::FEELER:
             return "feeler";
         case ConnectionType::OUTBOUND_FULL_RELAY:
             return "outbound-full-relay";
         case ConnectionType::BLOCK_RELAY:
             return "block-relay-only";
         case ConnectionType::ADDR_FETCH:
             return "addr-fetch";
         case ConnectionType::AVALANCHE_OUTBOUND:
             return "avalanche";
     } // no default case, so the compiler can warn about missing cases
 
     assert(false);
 }
 
 std::string CNode::GetAddrName() const {
     LOCK(cs_addrName);
     return addrName;
 }
 
 void CNode::MaybeSetAddrName(const std::string &addrNameIn) {
     LOCK(cs_addrName);
     if (addrName.empty()) {
         addrName = addrNameIn;
     }
 }
 
 CService CNode::GetAddrLocal() const {
     LOCK(cs_addrLocal);
     return addrLocal;
 }
 
 void CNode::SetAddrLocal(const CService &addrLocalIn) {
     LOCK(cs_addrLocal);
     if (addrLocal.IsValid()) {
         error("Addr local already set for node: %i. Refusing to change from %s "
               "to %s",
               id, addrLocal.ToString(), addrLocalIn.ToString());
     } else {
         addrLocal = addrLocalIn;
     }
 }
 
 Network CNode::ConnectedThroughNetwork() const {
     return m_inbound_onion ? NET_ONION : addr.GetNetClass();
 }
 
 void CNode::copyStats(CNodeStats &stats) {
     stats.nodeid = this->GetId();
     stats.nServices = nServices;
     stats.addr = addr;
     stats.addrBind = addrBind;
     stats.m_network = ConnectedThroughNetwork();
     if (m_tx_relay != nullptr) {
         LOCK(m_tx_relay->cs_filter);
         stats.fRelayTxes = m_tx_relay->fRelayTxes;
     } else {
         stats.fRelayTxes = false;
     }
     stats.m_last_send = m_last_send;
     stats.m_last_recv = m_last_recv;
     stats.m_last_tx_time = m_last_tx_time;
     stats.m_last_proof_time = m_last_proof_time;
     stats.m_last_block_time = m_last_block_time;
     stats.m_connected = m_connected;
     stats.nTimeOffset = nTimeOffset;
     stats.addrName = GetAddrName();
     stats.nVersion = nVersion;
     {
         LOCK(cs_SubVer);
         stats.cleanSubVer = cleanSubVer;
     }
     stats.fInbound = IsInboundConn();
     stats.m_manual_connection = IsManualConn();
     stats.m_bip152_highbandwidth_to = m_bip152_highbandwidth_to;
     stats.m_bip152_highbandwidth_from = m_bip152_highbandwidth_from;
     {
         LOCK(cs_vSend);
         stats.mapSendBytesPerMsgCmd = mapSendBytesPerMsgCmd;
         stats.nSendBytes = nSendBytes;
     }
     {
         LOCK(cs_vRecv);
         stats.mapRecvBytesPerMsgCmd = mapRecvBytesPerMsgCmd;
         stats.nRecvBytes = nRecvBytes;
     }
     stats.m_legacyWhitelisted = m_legacyWhitelisted;
     stats.m_permissionFlags = m_permissionFlags;
     if (m_tx_relay != nullptr) {
         LOCK(m_tx_relay->cs_feeFilter);
         stats.minFeeFilter = m_tx_relay->minFeeFilter;
     } else {
         stats.minFeeFilter = Amount::zero();
     }
 
     stats.m_last_ping_time = m_last_ping_time;
     stats.m_min_ping_time = m_min_ping_time;
 
     // Leave string empty if addrLocal invalid (not filled in yet)
     CService addrLocalUnlocked = GetAddrLocal();
     stats.addrLocal =
         addrLocalUnlocked.IsValid() ? addrLocalUnlocked.ToString() : "";
 
     stats.m_conn_type_string = ConnectionTypeAsString();
 }
 
 bool CNode::ReceiveMsgBytes(const Config &config, Span<const char> msg_bytes,
                             bool &complete) {
     complete = false;
     const auto time = GetTime<std::chrono::microseconds>();
     LOCK(cs_vRecv);
     m_last_recv = std::chrono::duration_cast<std::chrono::seconds>(time);
     nRecvBytes += msg_bytes.size();
     while (msg_bytes.size() > 0) {
         // Absorb network data.
         int handled = m_deserializer->Read(config, msg_bytes);
         if (handled < 0) {
             return false;
         }
 
         if (m_deserializer->Complete()) {
             // decompose a transport agnostic CNetMessage from the deserializer
             CNetMessage msg = m_deserializer->GetMessage(config, time);
 
             // Store received bytes per message command to prevent a memory DOS,
             // only allow valid commands.
             mapMsgCmdSize::iterator i =
                 mapRecvBytesPerMsgCmd.find(msg.m_command);
             if (i == mapRecvBytesPerMsgCmd.end()) {
                 i = mapRecvBytesPerMsgCmd.find(NET_MESSAGE_COMMAND_OTHER);
             }
 
             assert(i != mapRecvBytesPerMsgCmd.end());
             i->second += msg.m_raw_message_size;
 
             // push the message to the process queue,
             vRecvMsg.push_back(std::move(msg));
 
             complete = true;
         }
     }
 
     return true;
 }
 
 int V1TransportDeserializer::readHeader(const Config &config,
                                         Span<const char> msg_bytes) {
     // copy data to temporary parsing buffer
     uint32_t nRemaining = CMessageHeader::HEADER_SIZE - nHdrPos;
     uint32_t nCopy = std::min<unsigned int>(nRemaining, msg_bytes.size());
 
     memcpy(&hdrbuf[nHdrPos], msg_bytes.data(), nCopy);
     nHdrPos += nCopy;
 
     // if header incomplete, exit
     if (nHdrPos < CMessageHeader::HEADER_SIZE) {
         return nCopy;
     }
 
     // deserialize to CMessageHeader
     try {
         hdrbuf >> hdr;
     } catch (const std::exception &) {
         return -1;
     }
 
     // Reject oversized messages
     if (hdr.IsOversized(config)) {
         LogPrint(BCLog::NET, "Oversized header detected\n");
         return -1;
     }
 
     // switch state to reading message data
     in_data = true;
 
     return nCopy;
 }
 
 int V1TransportDeserializer::readData(Span<const char> msg_bytes) {
     unsigned int nRemaining = hdr.nMessageSize - nDataPos;
     unsigned int nCopy = std::min<unsigned int>(nRemaining, msg_bytes.size());
 
     if (vRecv.size() < nDataPos + nCopy) {
         // Allocate up to 256 KiB ahead, but never more than the total message
         // size.
         vRecv.resize(std::min(hdr.nMessageSize, nDataPos + nCopy + 256 * 1024));
     }
 
     hasher.Write(MakeUCharSpan(msg_bytes.first(nCopy)));
     memcpy(&vRecv[nDataPos], msg_bytes.data(), nCopy);
     nDataPos += nCopy;
 
     return nCopy;
 }
 
 const uint256 &V1TransportDeserializer::GetMessageHash() const {
     assert(Complete());
     if (data_hash.IsNull()) {
         hasher.Finalize(data_hash);
     }
     return data_hash;
 }
 
 CNetMessage
 V1TransportDeserializer::GetMessage(const Config &config,
                                     const std::chrono::microseconds time) {
     // decompose a single CNetMessage from the TransportDeserializer
     CNetMessage msg(std::move(vRecv));
 
     // store state about valid header, netmagic and checksum
     msg.m_valid_header = hdr.IsValid(config);
     // FIXME Split CheckHeaderMagicAndCommand() into CheckHeaderMagic() and
     // CheckCommand() to prevent the net magic check code duplication.
     msg.m_valid_netmagic =
         (memcmp(std::begin(hdr.pchMessageStart),
                 std::begin(config.GetChainParams().NetMagic()),
                 CMessageHeader::MESSAGE_START_SIZE) == 0);
     uint256 hash = GetMessageHash();
 
     // store command string, payload size
     msg.m_command = hdr.GetCommand();
     msg.m_message_size = hdr.nMessageSize;
     msg.m_raw_message_size = hdr.nMessageSize + CMessageHeader::HEADER_SIZE;
 
     // We just received a message off the wire, harvest entropy from the time
     // (and the message checksum)
     RandAddEvent(ReadLE32(hash.begin()));
 
     msg.m_valid_checksum = (memcmp(hash.begin(), hdr.pchChecksum,
                                    CMessageHeader::CHECKSUM_SIZE) == 0);
 
     if (!msg.m_valid_checksum) {
         LogPrint(
             BCLog::NET, "CHECKSUM ERROR (%s, %u bytes), expected %s was %s\n",
             SanitizeString(msg.m_command), msg.m_message_size,
             HexStr(Span<uint8_t>(hash.begin(),
                                  hash.begin() + CMessageHeader::CHECKSUM_SIZE)),
             HexStr(hdr.pchChecksum));
     }
 
     // store receive time
     msg.m_time = time;
 
     // reset the network deserializer (prepare for the next message)
     Reset();
     return msg;
 }
 
 void V1TransportSerializer::prepareForTransport(const Config &config,
                                                 CSerializedNetMsg &msg,
                                                 std::vector<uint8_t> &header) {
     // create dbl-sha256 checksum
     uint256 hash = Hash(msg.data);
 
     // create header
     CMessageHeader hdr(config.GetChainParams().NetMagic(), msg.m_type.c_str(),
                        msg.data.size());
     memcpy(hdr.pchChecksum, hash.begin(), CMessageHeader::CHECKSUM_SIZE);
 
     // serialize header
     header.reserve(CMessageHeader::HEADER_SIZE);
     CVectorWriter{SER_NETWORK, INIT_PROTO_VERSION, header, 0, hdr};
 }
 
 size_t CConnman::SocketSendData(CNode &node) const {
     size_t nSentSize = 0;
     size_t nMsgCount = 0;
 
     for (const auto &data : node.vSendMsg) {
         assert(data.size() > node.nSendOffset);
         int nBytes = 0;
 
         {
             LOCK(node.cs_hSocket);
             if (node.hSocket == INVALID_SOCKET) {
                 break;
             }
 
             nBytes = send(
                 node.hSocket,
                 reinterpret_cast<const char *>(data.data()) + node.nSendOffset,
                 data.size() - node.nSendOffset, MSG_NOSIGNAL | MSG_DONTWAIT);
         }
 
         if (nBytes == 0) {
             // couldn't send anything at all
             break;
         }
 
         if (nBytes < 0) {
             // error
             int nErr = WSAGetLastError();
             if (nErr != WSAEWOULDBLOCK && nErr != WSAEMSGSIZE &&
                 nErr != WSAEINTR && nErr != WSAEINPROGRESS) {
                 LogPrint(BCLog::NET, "socket send error for peer=%d: %s\n",
                          node.GetId(), NetworkErrorString(nErr));
                 node.CloseSocketDisconnect();
             }
 
             break;
         }
 
         assert(nBytes > 0);
         node.m_last_send = GetTime<std::chrono::seconds>();
         node.nSendBytes += nBytes;
         node.nSendOffset += nBytes;
         nSentSize += nBytes;
         if (node.nSendOffset != data.size()) {
             // could not send full message; stop sending more
             break;
         }
 
         node.nSendOffset = 0;
         node.nSendSize -= data.size();
         node.fPauseSend = node.nSendSize > nSendBufferMaxSize;
         nMsgCount++;
     }
 
     node.vSendMsg.erase(node.vSendMsg.begin(),
                         node.vSendMsg.begin() + nMsgCount);
 
     if (node.vSendMsg.empty()) {
         assert(node.nSendOffset == 0);
         assert(node.nSendSize == 0);
     }
 
     return nSentSize;
 }
 
 static bool ReverseCompareNodeMinPingTime(const NodeEvictionCandidate &a,
                                           const NodeEvictionCandidate &b) {
     return a.m_min_ping_time > b.m_min_ping_time;
 }
 
 static bool ReverseCompareNodeTimeConnected(const NodeEvictionCandidate &a,
                                             const NodeEvictionCandidate &b) {
     return a.m_connected > b.m_connected;
 }
 
 static bool CompareNetGroupKeyed(const NodeEvictionCandidate &a,
                                  const NodeEvictionCandidate &b) {
     return a.nKeyedNetGroup < b.nKeyedNetGroup;
 }
 
 static bool CompareNodeBlockTime(const NodeEvictionCandidate &a,
                                  const NodeEvictionCandidate &b) {
     // There is a fall-through here because it is common for a node to have many
     // peers which have not yet relayed a block.
     if (a.m_last_block_time != b.m_last_block_time) {
         return a.m_last_block_time < b.m_last_block_time;
     }
 
     if (a.fRelevantServices != b.fRelevantServices) {
         return b.fRelevantServices;
     }
 
     return a.m_connected > b.m_connected;
 }
 
 static bool CompareNodeTXTime(const NodeEvictionCandidate &a,
                               const NodeEvictionCandidate &b) {
     // There is a fall-through here because it is common for a node to have more
     // than a few peers that have not yet relayed txn.
     if (a.m_last_tx_time != b.m_last_tx_time) {
         return a.m_last_tx_time < b.m_last_tx_time;
     }
 
     if (a.fRelayTxes != b.fRelayTxes) {
         return b.fRelayTxes;
     }
 
     if (a.fBloomFilter != b.fBloomFilter) {
         return a.fBloomFilter;
     }
 
     return a.m_connected > b.m_connected;
 }
 
 static bool CompareNodeProofTime(const NodeEvictionCandidate &a,
                                  const NodeEvictionCandidate &b) {
     // There is a fall-through here because it is common for a node to have more
     // than a few peers that have not yet relayed proofs. This fallback is also
     // used in the case avalanche is not enabled.
     if (a.m_last_proof_time != b.m_last_proof_time) {
         return a.m_last_proof_time < b.m_last_proof_time;
     }
 
     return a.m_connected > b.m_connected;
 }
 
 // Pick out the potential block-relay only peers, and sort them by last block
 // time.
 static bool CompareNodeBlockRelayOnlyTime(const NodeEvictionCandidate &a,
                                           const NodeEvictionCandidate &b) {
     if (a.fRelayTxes != b.fRelayTxes) {
         return a.fRelayTxes;
     }
 
     if (a.m_last_block_time != b.m_last_block_time) {
         return a.m_last_block_time < b.m_last_block_time;
     }
 
     if (a.fRelevantServices != b.fRelevantServices) {
         return b.fRelevantServices;
     }
 
     return a.m_connected > b.m_connected;
 }
 
 static bool CompareNodeAvailabilityScore(const NodeEvictionCandidate &a,
                                          const NodeEvictionCandidate &b) {
     // Equality can happen if the nodes have no score or it has not been
     // computed yet.
     if (a.availabilityScore != b.availabilityScore) {
         return a.availabilityScore < b.availabilityScore;
     }
 
     return a.m_connected > b.m_connected;
 }
 
 /**
  * Sort eviction candidates by network/localhost and connection uptime.
  * Candidates near the beginning are more likely to be evicted, and those
  * near the end are more likely to be protected, e.g. less likely to be evicted.
  * - First, nodes that are not `is_local` and that do not belong to `network`,
  *   sorted by increasing uptime (from most recently connected to connected
  *   longer).
  * - Then, nodes that are `is_local` or belong to `network`, sorted by
  *   increasing uptime.
  */
 struct CompareNodeNetworkTime {
     const bool m_is_local;
     const Network m_network;
     CompareNodeNetworkTime(bool is_local, Network network)
         : m_is_local(is_local), m_network(network) {}
     bool operator()(const NodeEvictionCandidate &a,
                     const NodeEvictionCandidate &b) const {
         if (m_is_local && a.m_is_local != b.m_is_local) {
             return b.m_is_local;
         }
         if ((a.m_network == m_network) != (b.m_network == m_network)) {
             return b.m_network == m_network;
         }
         return a.m_connected > b.m_connected;
     };
 };
 
 //! Sort an array by the specified comparator, then erase the last K elements
 //! where predicate is true.
 template <typename T, typename Comparator>
 static void EraseLastKElements(
     std::vector<T> &elements, Comparator comparator, size_t k,
     std::function<bool(const NodeEvictionCandidate &)> predicate =
         [](const NodeEvictionCandidate &n) { return true; }) {
     std::sort(elements.begin(), elements.end(), comparator);
     size_t eraseSize = std::min(k, elements.size());
     elements.erase(
         std::remove_if(elements.end() - eraseSize, elements.end(), predicate),
         elements.end());
 }
 
 void ProtectEvictionCandidatesByRatio(
     std::vector<NodeEvictionCandidate> &eviction_candidates) {
     // Protect the half of the remaining nodes which have been connected the
     // longest. This replicates the non-eviction implicit behavior, and
     // precludes attacks that start later.
     // To promote the diversity of our peer connections, reserve up to half of
     // these protected spots for Tor/onion, localhost and I2P peers, even if
     // they're not the longest uptime overall. This helps protect these
     // higher-latency peers that tend to be otherwise disadvantaged under our
     // eviction criteria.
     const size_t initial_size = eviction_candidates.size();
     const size_t total_protect_size{initial_size / 2};
 
     // Disadvantaged networks to protect: I2P, localhost and Tor/onion. In case
     // of equal counts, earlier array members have first opportunity to recover
     // unused slots from the previous iteration.
     struct Net {
         bool is_local;
         Network id;
         size_t count;
     };
     std::array<Net, 3> networks{{{false, NET_I2P, 0},
                                  {/* localhost */ true, NET_MAX, 0},
                                  {false, NET_ONION, 0}}};
 
     // Count and store the number of eviction candidates per network.
     for (Net &n : networks) {
         n.count = std::count_if(
             eviction_candidates.cbegin(), eviction_candidates.cend(),
             [&n](const NodeEvictionCandidate &c) {
                 return n.is_local ? c.m_is_local : c.m_network == n.id;
             });
     }
     // Sort `networks` by ascending candidate count, to give networks having
     // fewer candidates the first opportunity to recover unused protected slots
     // from the previous iteration.
     std::stable_sort(networks.begin(), networks.end(),
                      [](Net a, Net b) { return a.count < b.count; });
 
     // Protect up to 25% of the eviction candidates by disadvantaged network.
     const size_t max_protect_by_network{total_protect_size / 2};
     size_t num_protected{0};
 
     while (num_protected < max_protect_by_network) {
         // Count the number of disadvantaged networks from which we have peers
         // to protect.
         auto num_networks = std::count_if(networks.begin(), networks.end(),
                                           [](const Net &n) { return n.count; });
         if (num_networks == 0) {
             break;
         }
         const size_t disadvantaged_to_protect{max_protect_by_network -
                                               num_protected};
         const size_t protect_per_network{std::max(
             disadvantaged_to_protect / num_networks, static_cast<size_t>(1))};
 
         // Early exit flag if there are no remaining candidates by disadvantaged
         // network.
         bool protected_at_least_one{false};
 
         for (Net &n : networks) {
             if (n.count == 0) {
                 continue;
             }
             const size_t before = eviction_candidates.size();
             EraseLastKElements(
                 eviction_candidates, CompareNodeNetworkTime(n.is_local, n.id),
                 protect_per_network, [&n](const NodeEvictionCandidate &c) {
                     return n.is_local ? c.m_is_local : c.m_network == n.id;
                 });
             const size_t after = eviction_candidates.size();
             if (before > after) {
                 protected_at_least_one = true;
                 const size_t delta{before - after};
                 num_protected += delta;
                 if (num_protected >= max_protect_by_network) {
                     break;
                 }
                 n.count -= delta;
             }
         }
         if (!protected_at_least_one) {
             break;
         }
     }
 
     // Calculate how many we removed, and update our total number of peers that
     // we want to protect based on uptime accordingly.
     assert(num_protected == initial_size - eviction_candidates.size());
     const size_t remaining_to_protect{total_protect_size - num_protected};
     EraseLastKElements(eviction_candidates, ReverseCompareNodeTimeConnected,
                        remaining_to_protect);
 }
 
 [[nodiscard]] std::optional<NodeId>
 SelectNodeToEvict(std::vector<NodeEvictionCandidate> &&vEvictionCandidates) {
     // Protect connections with certain characteristics
 
     // Deterministically select 4 peers to protect by netgroup.
     // An attacker cannot predict which netgroups will be protected
     EraseLastKElements(vEvictionCandidates, CompareNetGroupKeyed, 4);
     // Protect the 8 nodes with the lowest minimum ping time.
     // An attacker cannot manipulate this metric without physically moving nodes
     // closer to the target.
     EraseLastKElements(vEvictionCandidates, ReverseCompareNodeMinPingTime, 8);
     // Protect 4 nodes that most recently sent us novel transactions accepted
     // into our mempool. An attacker cannot manipulate this metric without
     // performing useful work.
     EraseLastKElements(vEvictionCandidates, CompareNodeTXTime, 4);
     // Protect 4 nodes that most recently sent us novel proofs accepted
     // into our proof pool. An attacker cannot manipulate this metric without
     // performing useful work.
     // TODO this filter must happen before the last tx time once avalanche is
     // enabled for pre-consensus.
     EraseLastKElements(vEvictionCandidates, CompareNodeProofTime, 4);
     // Protect up to 8 non-tx-relay peers that have sent us novel blocks.
     EraseLastKElements(vEvictionCandidates, CompareNodeBlockRelayOnlyTime, 8,
                        [](const NodeEvictionCandidate &n) {
                            return !n.fRelayTxes && n.fRelevantServices;
                        });
 
     // Protect 4 nodes that most recently sent us novel blocks.
     // An attacker cannot manipulate this metric without performing useful work.
     EraseLastKElements(vEvictionCandidates, CompareNodeBlockTime, 4);
 
     // Protect up to 128 nodes that have the highest avalanche availability
     // score.
     EraseLastKElements(vEvictionCandidates, CompareNodeAvailabilityScore, 128,
                        [](NodeEvictionCandidate const &n) {
                            return n.availabilityScore > 0.;
                        });
 
     // Protect some of the remaining eviction candidates by ratios of desirable
     // or disadvantaged characteristics.
     ProtectEvictionCandidatesByRatio(vEvictionCandidates);
 
     if (vEvictionCandidates.empty()) {
         return std::nullopt;
     }
 
     // If any remaining peers are preferred for eviction consider only them.
     // This happens after the other preferences since if a peer is really the
     // best by other criteria (esp relaying blocks)
     // then we probably don't want to evict it no matter what.
     if (std::any_of(
             vEvictionCandidates.begin(), vEvictionCandidates.end(),
             [](NodeEvictionCandidate const &n) { return n.prefer_evict; })) {
         vEvictionCandidates.erase(
             std::remove_if(
                 vEvictionCandidates.begin(), vEvictionCandidates.end(),
                 [](NodeEvictionCandidate const &n) { return !n.prefer_evict; }),
             vEvictionCandidates.end());
     }
 
     // Identify the network group with the most connections and youngest member.
     // (vEvictionCandidates is already sorted by reverse connect time)
     uint64_t naMostConnections;
     unsigned int nMostConnections = 0;
     std::chrono::seconds nMostConnectionsTime{0};
     std::map<uint64_t, std::vector<NodeEvictionCandidate>> mapNetGroupNodes;
     for (const NodeEvictionCandidate &node : vEvictionCandidates) {
         std::vector<NodeEvictionCandidate> &group =
             mapNetGroupNodes[node.nKeyedNetGroup];
         group.push_back(node);
         const auto grouptime{group[0].m_connected};
         size_t group_size = group.size();
         if (group_size > nMostConnections ||
             (group_size == nMostConnections &&
              grouptime > nMostConnectionsTime)) {
             nMostConnections = group_size;
             nMostConnectionsTime = grouptime;
             naMostConnections = node.nKeyedNetGroup;
         }
     }
 
     // Reduce to the network group with the most connections
     vEvictionCandidates = std::move(mapNetGroupNodes[naMostConnections]);
 
     // Disconnect from the network group with the most connections
     return vEvictionCandidates.front().id;
 }
 
 /** Try to find a connection to evict when the node is full.
  *  Extreme care must be taken to avoid opening the node to attacker
  *   triggered network partitioning.
  *  The strategy used here is to protect a small number of peers
  *   for each of several distinct characteristics which are difficult
  *   to forge.  In order to partition a node the attacker must be
  *   simultaneously better at all of them than honest peers.
  */
 bool CConnman::AttemptToEvictConnection() {
     std::vector<NodeEvictionCandidate> vEvictionCandidates;
     {
         LOCK(cs_vNodes);
         for (const CNode *node : vNodes) {
             if (node->HasPermission(PF_NOBAN)) {
                 continue;
             }
             if (!node->IsInboundConn()) {
                 continue;
             }
             if (node->fDisconnect) {
                 continue;
             }
             bool peer_relay_txes = false;
             bool peer_filter_not_null = false;
             if (node->m_tx_relay != nullptr) {
                 LOCK(node->m_tx_relay->cs_filter);
                 peer_relay_txes = node->m_tx_relay->fRelayTxes;
                 peer_filter_not_null = node->m_tx_relay->pfilter != nullptr;
             }
 
             NodeEvictionCandidate candidate = {
                 node->GetId(),
                 node->m_connected,
                 node->m_min_ping_time,
                 node->m_last_block_time,
                 node->m_last_proof_time,
                 node->m_last_tx_time,
                 HasAllDesirableServiceFlags(node->nServices),
                 peer_relay_txes,
                 peer_filter_not_null,
                 node->nKeyedNetGroup,
                 node->m_prefer_evict,
                 node->addr.IsLocal(),
                 node->ConnectedThroughNetwork(),
                 node->m_avalanche_state
                     ? node->m_avalanche_state->getAvailabilityScore()
                     : -std::numeric_limits<double>::infinity()};
             vEvictionCandidates.push_back(candidate);
         }
     }
     const std::optional<NodeId> node_id_to_evict =
         SelectNodeToEvict(std::move(vEvictionCandidates));
     if (!node_id_to_evict) {
         return false;
     }
     LOCK(cs_vNodes);
     for (CNode *pnode : vNodes) {
         if (pnode->GetId() == *node_id_to_evict) {
             LogPrint(
                 BCLog::NET,
                 "selected %s connection for eviction peer=%d; disconnecting\n",
                 pnode->ConnectionTypeAsString(), pnode->GetId());
             pnode->fDisconnect = true;
             return true;
         }
     }
     return false;
 }
 
 void CConnman::AcceptConnection(const ListenSocket &hListenSocket) {
     struct sockaddr_storage sockaddr;
     socklen_t len = sizeof(sockaddr);
     SOCKET hSocket =
         accept(hListenSocket.socket, (struct sockaddr *)&sockaddr, &len);
     CAddress addr;
 
     if (hSocket == INVALID_SOCKET) {
         const int nErr = WSAGetLastError();
         if (nErr != WSAEWOULDBLOCK) {
             LogPrintf("socket error accept failed: %s\n",
                       NetworkErrorString(nErr));
         }
         return;
     }
 
     if (!addr.SetSockAddr((const struct sockaddr *)&sockaddr)) {
         LogPrintf("Warning: Unknown socket family\n");
     }
 
     const CAddress addr_bind = GetBindAddress(hSocket);
 
     NetPermissionFlags permissionFlags = NetPermissionFlags::PF_NONE;
     hListenSocket.AddSocketPermissionFlags(permissionFlags);
 
     CreateNodeFromAcceptedSocket(hSocket, permissionFlags, addr_bind, addr);
 }
 
 void CConnman::CreateNodeFromAcceptedSocket(SOCKET hSocket,
                                             NetPermissionFlags permissionFlags,
                                             const CAddress &addr_bind,
                                             const CAddress &addr) {
     int nInbound = 0;
     int nMaxInbound = nMaxConnections - m_max_outbound;
 
     AddWhitelistPermissionFlags(permissionFlags, addr);
     bool legacyWhitelisted = false;
     if (NetPermissions::HasFlag(permissionFlags,
                                 NetPermissionFlags::PF_ISIMPLICIT)) {
         NetPermissions::ClearFlag(permissionFlags, PF_ISIMPLICIT);
         if (gArgs.GetBoolArg("-whitelistforcerelay",
                              DEFAULT_WHITELISTFORCERELAY)) {
             NetPermissions::AddFlag(permissionFlags, PF_FORCERELAY);
         }
         if (gArgs.GetBoolArg("-whitelistrelay", DEFAULT_WHITELISTRELAY)) {
             NetPermissions::AddFlag(permissionFlags, PF_RELAY);
         }
         NetPermissions::AddFlag(permissionFlags, PF_MEMPOOL);
         NetPermissions::AddFlag(permissionFlags, PF_NOBAN);
         legacyWhitelisted = true;
     }
 
     {
         LOCK(cs_vNodes);
         for (const CNode *pnode : vNodes) {
             if (pnode->IsInboundConn()) {
                 nInbound++;
             }
         }
     }
 
     if (!fNetworkActive) {
         LogPrint(BCLog::NET,
                  "connection from %s dropped: not accepting new connections\n",
                  addr.ToString());
         CloseSocket(hSocket);
         return;
     }
 
     if (!IsSelectableSocket(hSocket)) {
         LogPrintf("connection from %s dropped: non-selectable socket\n",
                   addr.ToString());
         CloseSocket(hSocket);
         return;
     }
 
     // According to the internet TCP_NODELAY is not carried into accepted
     // sockets on all platforms.  Set it again here just to be sure.
     SetSocketNoDelay(hSocket);
 
     // Don't accept connections from banned peers.
     bool banned = m_banman && m_banman->IsBanned(addr);
     if (!NetPermissions::HasFlag(permissionFlags,
                                  NetPermissionFlags::PF_NOBAN) &&
         banned) {
         LogPrint(BCLog::NET, "connection from %s dropped (banned)\n",
                  addr.ToString());
         CloseSocket(hSocket);
         return;
     }
 
     // Only accept connections from discouraged peers if our inbound slots
     // aren't (almost) full.
     bool discouraged = m_banman && m_banman->IsDiscouraged(addr);
     if (!NetPermissions::HasFlag(permissionFlags,
                                  NetPermissionFlags::PF_NOBAN) &&
         nInbound + 1 >= nMaxInbound && discouraged) {
         LogPrint(BCLog::NET, "connection from %s dropped (discouraged)\n",
                  addr.ToString());
         CloseSocket(hSocket);
         return;
     }
 
     if (nInbound >= nMaxInbound) {
         if (!AttemptToEvictConnection()) {
             // No connection to evict, disconnect the new connection
             LogPrint(BCLog::NET, "failed to find an eviction candidate - "
                                  "connection dropped (full)\n");
             CloseSocket(hSocket);
             return;
         }
     }
 
     NodeId id = GetNewNodeId();
     uint64_t nonce = GetDeterministicRandomizer(RANDOMIZER_ID_LOCALHOSTNONCE)
                          .Write(id)
                          .Finalize();
     uint64_t extra_entropy =
         GetDeterministicRandomizer(RANDOMIZER_ID_EXTRAENTROPY)
             .Write(id)
             .Finalize();
 
     ServiceFlags nodeServices = nLocalServices;
     if (NetPermissions::HasFlag(permissionFlags, PF_BLOOMFILTER)) {
         nodeServices = static_cast<ServiceFlags>(nodeServices | NODE_BLOOM);
     }
 
     const bool inbound_onion =
         std::find(m_onion_binds.begin(), m_onion_binds.end(), addr_bind) !=
         m_onion_binds.end();
     CNode *pnode = new CNode(
         id, nodeServices, hSocket, addr, CalculateKeyedNetGroup(addr), nonce,
         extra_entropy, addr_bind, "", ConnectionType::INBOUND, inbound_onion);
     pnode->AddRef();
     pnode->m_permissionFlags = permissionFlags;
     // If this flag is present, the user probably expect that RPC and QT report
     // it as whitelisted (backward compatibility)
     pnode->m_legacyWhitelisted = legacyWhitelisted;
     pnode->m_prefer_evict = discouraged;
     m_msgproc->InitializeNode(*config, pnode);
 
     LogPrint(BCLog::NET, "connection from %s accepted\n", addr.ToString());
 
     {
         LOCK(cs_vNodes);
         vNodes.push_back(pnode);
     }
 
     // We received a new connection, harvest entropy from the time (and our peer
     // count)
     RandAddEvent(uint32_t(id));
 }
 
 bool CConnman::AddConnection(const std::string &address,
                              ConnectionType conn_type) {
     std::optional<int> max_connections;
     switch (conn_type) {
         case ConnectionType::INBOUND:
         case ConnectionType::MANUAL:
             return false;
         case ConnectionType::OUTBOUND_FULL_RELAY:
             max_connections = m_max_outbound_full_relay;
             break;
         case ConnectionType::BLOCK_RELAY:
             max_connections = m_max_outbound_block_relay;
             break;
         // no limit for ADDR_FETCH because -seednode has no limit either
         case ConnectionType::ADDR_FETCH:
             break;
         // no limit for FEELER connections since they're short-lived
         case ConnectionType::FEELER:
             break;
         case ConnectionType::AVALANCHE_OUTBOUND:
             max_connections = m_max_avalanche_outbound;
             break;
     } // no default case, so the compiler can warn about missing cases
 
     // Count existing connections
     int existing_connections = WITH_LOCK(
         cs_vNodes, return std::count_if(
                        vNodes.begin(), vNodes.end(), [conn_type](CNode *node) {
                            return node->m_conn_type == conn_type;
                        }););
 
     // Max connections of specified type already exist
     if (max_connections != std::nullopt &&
         existing_connections >= max_connections) {
         return false;
     }
 
     // Max total outbound connections already exist
     CSemaphoreGrant grant(*semOutbound, true);
     if (!grant) {
         return false;
     }
 
     OpenNetworkConnection(CAddress(), false, &grant, address.c_str(),
                           conn_type);
     return true;
 }
 
 void CConnman::DisconnectNodes() {
     {
         LOCK(cs_vNodes);
 
         if (!fNetworkActive) {
             // Disconnect any connected nodes
             for (CNode *pnode : vNodes) {
                 if (!pnode->fDisconnect) {
                     LogPrint(BCLog::NET,
                              "Network not active, dropping peer=%d\n",
                              pnode->GetId());
                     pnode->fDisconnect = true;
                 }
             }
         }
 
         // Disconnect unused nodes
         std::vector<CNode *> vNodesCopy = vNodes;
         for (CNode *pnode : vNodesCopy) {
             if (pnode->fDisconnect) {
                 // remove from vNodes
                 vNodes.erase(remove(vNodes.begin(), vNodes.end(), pnode),
                              vNodes.end());
 
                 // release outbound grant (if any)
                 pnode->grantOutbound.Release();
 
                 // close socket and cleanup
                 pnode->CloseSocketDisconnect();
 
                 // hold in disconnected pool until all refs are released
                 pnode->Release();
                 vNodesDisconnected.push_back(pnode);
             }
         }
     }
     {
         // Delete disconnected nodes
         std::list<CNode *> vNodesDisconnectedCopy = vNodesDisconnected;
         for (CNode *pnode : vNodesDisconnectedCopy) {
             // wait until threads are done using it
             if (pnode->GetRefCount() <= 0) {
                 bool fDelete = false;
                 {
                     TRY_LOCK(pnode->cs_vSend, lockSend);
                     if (lockSend) {
                         fDelete = true;
                     }
                 }
                 if (fDelete) {
                     vNodesDisconnected.remove(pnode);
                     DeleteNode(pnode);
                 }
             }
         }
     }
 }
 
 void CConnman::NotifyNumConnectionsChanged() {
     size_t vNodesSize;
     {
         LOCK(cs_vNodes);
         vNodesSize = vNodes.size();
     }
     if (vNodesSize != nPrevNodeCount) {
         nPrevNodeCount = vNodesSize;
         if (clientInterface) {
             clientInterface->NotifyNumConnectionsChanged(vNodesSize);
         }
     }
 }
 
 bool CConnman::ShouldRunInactivityChecks(const CNode &node,
                                          std::chrono::seconds now) const {
     return node.m_connected + m_peer_connect_timeout < now;
 }
 
 bool CConnman::InactivityCheck(const CNode &node) const {
     // Tests that see disconnects after using mocktime can start nodes with a
     // large timeout. For example, -peertimeout=999999999.
     const auto now{GetTime<std::chrono::seconds>()};
     const auto last_send{node.m_last_send.load()};
     const auto last_recv{node.m_last_recv.load()};
 
     if (!ShouldRunInactivityChecks(node, now)) {
         return false;
     }
 
     if (last_recv.count() == 0 || last_send.count() == 0) {
         LogPrint(BCLog::NET,
                  "socket no message in first %i seconds, %d %d peer=%d\n",
                  count_seconds(m_peer_connect_timeout), last_recv.count() != 0,
                  last_send.count() != 0, node.GetId());
         return true;
     }
 
     if (now > last_send + TIMEOUT_INTERVAL) {
         LogPrint(BCLog::NET, "socket sending timeout: %is peer=%d\n",
                  count_seconds(now - last_send), node.GetId());
         return true;
     }
 
     if (now > last_recv + TIMEOUT_INTERVAL) {
         LogPrint(BCLog::NET, "socket receive timeout: %is peer=%d\n",
                  count_seconds(now - last_recv), node.GetId());
         return true;
     }
 
     if (!node.fSuccessfullyConnected) {
         LogPrint(BCLog::NET, "version handshake timeout peer=%d\n",
                  node.GetId());
         return true;
     }
 
     return false;
 }
 
 bool CConnman::GenerateSelectSet(std::set<SOCKET> &recv_set,
                                  std::set<SOCKET> &send_set,
                                  std::set<SOCKET> &error_set) {
     for (const ListenSocket &hListenSocket : vhListenSocket) {
         recv_set.insert(hListenSocket.socket);
     }
 
     {
         LOCK(cs_vNodes);
         for (CNode *pnode : vNodes) {
             // Implement the following logic:
             // * If there is data to send, select() for sending data. As this
             //   only happens when optimistic write failed, we choose to first
             //   drain the write buffer in this case before receiving more. This
             //   avoids needlessly queueing received data, if the remote peer is
             //   not themselves receiving data. This means properly utilizing
             //   TCP flow control signalling.
             // * Otherwise, if there is space left in the receive buffer,
             //   select() for receiving data.
             // * Hand off all complete messages to the processor, to be handled
             //   without blocking here.
 
             bool select_recv = !pnode->fPauseRecv;
             bool select_send;
             {
                 LOCK(pnode->cs_vSend);
                 select_send = !pnode->vSendMsg.empty();
             }
 
             LOCK(pnode->cs_hSocket);
             if (pnode->hSocket == INVALID_SOCKET) {
                 continue;
             }
 
             error_set.insert(pnode->hSocket);
             if (select_send) {
                 send_set.insert(pnode->hSocket);
                 continue;
             }
             if (select_recv) {
                 recv_set.insert(pnode->hSocket);
             }
         }
     }
 
     return !recv_set.empty() || !send_set.empty() || !error_set.empty();
 }
 
 #ifdef USE_POLL
 void CConnman::SocketEvents(std::set<SOCKET> &recv_set,
                             std::set<SOCKET> &send_set,
                             std::set<SOCKET> &error_set) {
     std::set<SOCKET> recv_select_set, send_select_set, error_select_set;
     if (!GenerateSelectSet(recv_select_set, send_select_set,
                            error_select_set)) {
         interruptNet.sleep_for(
             std::chrono::milliseconds(SELECT_TIMEOUT_MILLISECONDS));
         return;
     }
 
     std::unordered_map<SOCKET, struct pollfd> pollfds;
     for (SOCKET socket_id : recv_select_set) {
         pollfds[socket_id].fd = socket_id;
         pollfds[socket_id].events |= POLLIN;
     }
 
     for (SOCKET socket_id : send_select_set) {
         pollfds[socket_id].fd = socket_id;
         pollfds[socket_id].events |= POLLOUT;
     }
 
     for (SOCKET socket_id : error_select_set) {
         pollfds[socket_id].fd = socket_id;
         // These flags are ignored, but we set them for clarity
         pollfds[socket_id].events |= POLLERR | POLLHUP;
     }
 
     std::vector<struct pollfd> vpollfds;
     vpollfds.reserve(pollfds.size());
     for (auto it : pollfds) {
         vpollfds.push_back(std::move(it.second));
     }
 
     if (poll(vpollfds.data(), vpollfds.size(), SELECT_TIMEOUT_MILLISECONDS) <
         0) {
         return;
     }
 
     if (interruptNet) {
         return;
     }
 
     for (struct pollfd pollfd_entry : vpollfds) {
         if (pollfd_entry.revents & POLLIN) {
             recv_set.insert(pollfd_entry.fd);
         }
         if (pollfd_entry.revents & POLLOUT) {
             send_set.insert(pollfd_entry.fd);
         }
         if (pollfd_entry.revents & (POLLERR | POLLHUP)) {
             error_set.insert(pollfd_entry.fd);
         }
     }
 }
 #else
 void CConnman::SocketEvents(std::set<SOCKET> &recv_set,
                             std::set<SOCKET> &send_set,
                             std::set<SOCKET> &error_set) {
     std::set<SOCKET> recv_select_set, send_select_set, error_select_set;
     if (!GenerateSelectSet(recv_select_set, send_select_set,
                            error_select_set)) {
         interruptNet.sleep_for(
             std::chrono::milliseconds(SELECT_TIMEOUT_MILLISECONDS));
         return;
     }
 
     //
     // Find which sockets have data to receive
     //
     struct timeval timeout;
     timeout.tv_sec = 0;
     // frequency to poll pnode->vSend
     timeout.tv_usec = SELECT_TIMEOUT_MILLISECONDS * 1000;
 
     fd_set fdsetRecv;
     fd_set fdsetSend;
     fd_set fdsetError;
     FD_ZERO(&fdsetRecv);
     FD_ZERO(&fdsetSend);
     FD_ZERO(&fdsetError);
     SOCKET hSocketMax = 0;
 
     for (SOCKET hSocket : recv_select_set) {
         FD_SET(hSocket, &fdsetRecv);
         hSocketMax = std::max(hSocketMax, hSocket);
     }
 
     for (SOCKET hSocket : send_select_set) {
         FD_SET(hSocket, &fdsetSend);
         hSocketMax = std::max(hSocketMax, hSocket);
     }
 
     for (SOCKET hSocket : error_select_set) {
         FD_SET(hSocket, &fdsetError);
         hSocketMax = std::max(hSocketMax, hSocket);
     }
 
     int nSelect =
         select(hSocketMax + 1, &fdsetRecv, &fdsetSend, &fdsetError, &timeout);
 
     if (interruptNet) {
         return;
     }
 
     if (nSelect == SOCKET_ERROR) {
         int nErr = WSAGetLastError();
         LogPrintf("socket select error %s\n", NetworkErrorString(nErr));
         for (unsigned int i = 0; i <= hSocketMax; i++) {
             FD_SET(i, &fdsetRecv);
         }
         FD_ZERO(&fdsetSend);
         FD_ZERO(&fdsetError);
         if (!interruptNet.sleep_for(
                 std::chrono::milliseconds(SELECT_TIMEOUT_MILLISECONDS))) {
             return;
         }
     }
 
     for (SOCKET hSocket : recv_select_set) {
         if (FD_ISSET(hSocket, &fdsetRecv)) {
             recv_set.insert(hSocket);
         }
     }
 
     for (SOCKET hSocket : send_select_set) {
         if (FD_ISSET(hSocket, &fdsetSend)) {
             send_set.insert(hSocket);
         }
     }
 
     for (SOCKET hSocket : error_select_set) {
         if (FD_ISSET(hSocket, &fdsetError)) {
             error_set.insert(hSocket);
         }
     }
 }
 #endif
 
 void CConnman::SocketHandler() {
     std::set<SOCKET> recv_set, send_set, error_set;
     SocketEvents(recv_set, send_set, error_set);
 
     if (interruptNet) {
         return;
     }
 
     //
     // Accept new connections
     //
     for (const ListenSocket &hListenSocket : vhListenSocket) {
         if (hListenSocket.socket != INVALID_SOCKET &&
             recv_set.count(hListenSocket.socket) > 0) {
             AcceptConnection(hListenSocket);
         }
     }
 
     //
     // Service each socket
     //
     std::vector<CNode *> vNodesCopy;
     {
         LOCK(cs_vNodes);
         vNodesCopy = vNodes;
         for (CNode *pnode : vNodesCopy) {
             pnode->AddRef();
         }
     }
     for (CNode *pnode : vNodesCopy) {
         if (interruptNet) {
             return;
         }
 
         //
         // Receive
         //
         bool recvSet = false;
         bool sendSet = false;
         bool errorSet = false;
         {
             LOCK(pnode->cs_hSocket);
             if (pnode->hSocket == INVALID_SOCKET) {
                 continue;
             }
             recvSet = recv_set.count(pnode->hSocket) > 0;
             sendSet = send_set.count(pnode->hSocket) > 0;
             errorSet = error_set.count(pnode->hSocket) > 0;
         }
         if (recvSet || errorSet) {
             // typical socket buffer is 8K-64K
             char pchBuf[0x10000];
             int32_t nBytes = 0;
             {
                 LOCK(pnode->cs_hSocket);
                 if (pnode->hSocket == INVALID_SOCKET) {
                     continue;
                 }
                 nBytes =
                     recv(pnode->hSocket, pchBuf, sizeof(pchBuf), MSG_DONTWAIT);
             }
             if (nBytes > 0) {
                 bool notify = false;
                 if (!pnode->ReceiveMsgBytes(
                         *config, Span<const char>(pchBuf, nBytes), notify)) {
                     pnode->CloseSocketDisconnect();
                 }
                 RecordBytesRecv(nBytes);
                 if (notify) {
                     size_t nSizeAdded = 0;
                     auto it(pnode->vRecvMsg.begin());
                     for (; it != pnode->vRecvMsg.end(); ++it) {
                         // vRecvMsg contains only completed CNetMessage
                         // the single possible partially deserialized message
                         // are held by TransportDeserializer
                         nSizeAdded += it->m_raw_message_size;
                     }
                     {
                         LOCK(pnode->cs_vProcessMsg);
                         pnode->vProcessMsg.splice(pnode->vProcessMsg.end(),
                                                   pnode->vRecvMsg,
                                                   pnode->vRecvMsg.begin(), it);
                         pnode->nProcessQueueSize += nSizeAdded;
                         pnode->fPauseRecv =
                             pnode->nProcessQueueSize > nReceiveFloodSize;
                     }
                     WakeMessageHandler();
                 }
             } else if (nBytes == 0) {
                 // socket closed gracefully
                 if (!pnode->fDisconnect) {
                     LogPrint(BCLog::NET, "socket closed for peer=%d\n",
                              pnode->GetId());
                 }
                 pnode->CloseSocketDisconnect();
             } else if (nBytes < 0) {
                 // error
                 int nErr = WSAGetLastError();
                 if (nErr != WSAEWOULDBLOCK && nErr != WSAEMSGSIZE &&
                     nErr != WSAEINTR && nErr != WSAEINPROGRESS) {
                     if (!pnode->fDisconnect) {
                         LogPrint(BCLog::NET,
                                  "socket recv error for peer=%d: %s\n",
                                  pnode->GetId(), NetworkErrorString(nErr));
                     }
                     pnode->CloseSocketDisconnect();
                 }
             }
         }
 
         //
         // Send
         //
         if (sendSet) {
             LOCK(pnode->cs_vSend);
             size_t nBytes = SocketSendData(*pnode);
             if (nBytes) {
                 RecordBytesSent(nBytes);
             }
         }
 
         if (InactivityCheck(*pnode)) {
             pnode->fDisconnect = true;
         }
     }
     {
         LOCK(cs_vNodes);
         for (CNode *pnode : vNodesCopy) {
             pnode->Release();
         }
     }
 }
 
 void CConnman::ThreadSocketHandler() {
     while (!interruptNet) {
         DisconnectNodes();
         NotifyNumConnectionsChanged();
         SocketHandler();
     }
 }
 
 void CConnman::WakeMessageHandler() {
     {
         LOCK(mutexMsgProc);
         fMsgProcWake = true;
     }
     condMsgProc.notify_one();
 }
 
 #ifdef USE_UPNP
 static CThreadInterrupt g_upnp_interrupt;
 static std::thread g_upnp_thread;
 static void ThreadMapPort() {
     std::string port = strprintf("%u", GetListenPort());
     const char *multicastif = nullptr;
     const char *minissdpdpath = nullptr;
     struct UPNPDev *devlist = nullptr;
     char lanaddr[64];
 
     int error = 0;
 #if MINIUPNPC_API_VERSION < 14
     devlist = upnpDiscover(2000, multicastif, minissdpdpath, 0, 0, &error);
 #else
     devlist = upnpDiscover(2000, multicastif, minissdpdpath, 0, 0, 2, &error);
 #endif
 
     struct UPNPUrls urls;
     struct IGDdatas data;
     int r;
 
     r = UPNP_GetValidIGD(devlist, &urls, &data, lanaddr, sizeof(lanaddr));
     if (r == 1) {
         if (fDiscover) {
             char externalIPAddress[40];
             r = UPNP_GetExternalIPAddress(
                 urls.controlURL, data.first.servicetype, externalIPAddress);
             if (r != UPNPCOMMAND_SUCCESS) {
                 LogPrintf("UPnP: GetExternalIPAddress() returned %d\n", r);
             } else {
                 if (externalIPAddress[0]) {
                     CNetAddr resolved;
                     if (LookupHost(externalIPAddress, resolved, false)) {
                         LogPrintf("UPnP: ExternalIPAddress = %s\n",
                                   resolved.ToString());
                         AddLocal(resolved, LOCAL_UPNP);
                     }
                 } else {
                     LogPrintf("UPnP: GetExternalIPAddress failed.\n");
                 }
             }
         }
 
         std::string strDesc = PACKAGE_NAME " " + FormatFullVersion();
 
         do {
             r = UPNP_AddPortMapping(urls.controlURL, data.first.servicetype,
                                     port.c_str(), port.c_str(), lanaddr,
                                     strDesc.c_str(), "TCP", 0, "0");
 
             if (r != UPNPCOMMAND_SUCCESS) {
                 LogPrintf(
                     "AddPortMapping(%s, %s, %s) failed with code %d (%s)\n",
                     port, port, lanaddr, r, strupnperror(r));
             } else {
                 LogPrintf("UPnP Port Mapping successful.\n");
             }
         } while (g_upnp_interrupt.sleep_for(std::chrono::minutes(20)));
 
         r = UPNP_DeletePortMapping(urls.controlURL, data.first.servicetype,
                                    port.c_str(), "TCP", 0);
         LogPrintf("UPNP_DeletePortMapping() returned: %d\n", r);
         freeUPNPDevlist(devlist);
         devlist = nullptr;
         FreeUPNPUrls(&urls);
     } else {
         LogPrintf("No valid UPnP IGDs found\n");
         freeUPNPDevlist(devlist);
         devlist = nullptr;
         if (r != 0) {
             FreeUPNPUrls(&urls);
         }
     }
 }
 
 void StartMapPort() {
     if (!g_upnp_thread.joinable()) {
         assert(!g_upnp_interrupt);
         g_upnp_thread = std::thread(
             (std::bind(&TraceThread<void (*)()>, "upnp", &ThreadMapPort)));
     }
 }
 
 void InterruptMapPort() {
     if (g_upnp_thread.joinable()) {
         g_upnp_interrupt();
     }
 }
 
 void StopMapPort() {
     if (g_upnp_thread.joinable()) {
         g_upnp_thread.join();
         g_upnp_interrupt.reset();
     }
 }
 
 #else
 void StartMapPort() {
     // Intentionally left blank.
 }
 void InterruptMapPort() {
     // Intentionally left blank.
 }
 void StopMapPort() {
     // Intentionally left blank.
 }
 #endif
 
 void CConnman::ThreadDNSAddressSeed() {
     FastRandomContext rng;
     std::vector<std::string> seeds =
         GetRandomizedDNSSeeds(config->GetChainParams());
     // Number of seeds left before testing if we have enough connections
     int seeds_right_now = 0;
     int found = 0;
 
     if (gArgs.GetBoolArg("-forcednsseed", DEFAULT_FORCEDNSSEED)) {
         // When -forcednsseed is provided, query all.
         seeds_right_now = seeds.size();
     } else if (addrman.size() == 0) {
         // If we have no known peers, query all.
         // This will occur on the first run, or if peers.dat has been
         // deleted.
         seeds_right_now = seeds.size();
     }
 
     // goal: only query DNS seed if address need is acute
     // * If we have a reasonable number of peers in addrman, spend
     //   some time trying them first. This improves user privacy by
     //   creating fewer identifying DNS requests, reduces trust by
     //   giving seeds less influence on the network topology, and
     //   reduces traffic to the seeds.
     // * When querying DNS seeds query a few at once, this ensures
     //   that we don't give DNS seeds the ability to eclipse nodes
     //   that query them.
     // * If we continue having problems, eventually query all the
     //   DNS seeds, and if that fails too, also try the fixed seeds.
     //   (done in ThreadOpenConnections)
     const std::chrono::seconds seeds_wait_time =
         (addrman.size() >= DNSSEEDS_DELAY_PEER_THRESHOLD
              ? DNSSEEDS_DELAY_MANY_PEERS
              : DNSSEEDS_DELAY_FEW_PEERS);
 
     for (const std::string &seed : seeds) {
         if (seeds_right_now == 0) {
             seeds_right_now += DNSSEEDS_TO_QUERY_AT_ONCE;
 
             if (addrman.size() > 0) {
                 LogPrintf("Waiting %d seconds before querying DNS seeds.\n",
                           seeds_wait_time.count());
                 std::chrono::seconds to_wait = seeds_wait_time;
                 while (to_wait.count() > 0) {
                     // if sleeping for the MANY_PEERS interval, wake up
                     // early to see if we have enough peers and can stop
                     // this thread entirely freeing up its resources
                     std::chrono::seconds w =
                         std::min(DNSSEEDS_DELAY_FEW_PEERS, to_wait);
                     if (!interruptNet.sleep_for(w)) {
                         return;
                     }
                     to_wait -= w;
 
                     int nRelevant = 0;
                     {
                         LOCK(cs_vNodes);
                         for (const CNode *pnode : vNodes) {
                             if (pnode->fSuccessfullyConnected &&
                                 pnode->IsOutboundOrBlockRelayConn()) {
                                 ++nRelevant;
                             }
                         }
                     }
                     if (nRelevant >= 2) {
                         if (found > 0) {
                             LogPrintf("%d addresses found from DNS seeds\n",
                                       found);
                             LogPrintf(
                                 "P2P peers available. Finished DNS seeding.\n");
                         } else {
                             LogPrintf(
                                 "P2P peers available. Skipped DNS seeding.\n");
                         }
                         return;
                     }
                 }
             }
         }
 
         if (interruptNet) {
             return;
         }
 
         // hold off on querying seeds if P2P network deactivated
         if (!fNetworkActive) {
             LogPrintf("Waiting for network to be reactivated before querying "
                       "DNS seeds.\n");
             do {
                 if (!interruptNet.sleep_for(std::chrono::seconds{1})) {
                     return;
                 }
             } while (!fNetworkActive);
         }
 
         LogPrintf("Loading addresses from DNS seed %s\n", seed);
         if (HaveNameProxy()) {
             AddAddrFetch(seed);
         } else {
             std::vector<CNetAddr> vIPs;
             std::vector<CAddress> vAdd;
             ServiceFlags requiredServiceBits =
                 GetDesirableServiceFlags(NODE_NONE);
             std::string host = strprintf("x%x.%s", requiredServiceBits, seed);
             CNetAddr resolveSource;
             if (!resolveSource.SetInternal(host)) {
                 continue;
             }
 
             // Limits number of IPs learned from a DNS seed
             unsigned int nMaxIPs = 256;
             if (LookupHost(host, vIPs, nMaxIPs, true)) {
                 for (const CNetAddr &ip : vIPs) {
                     int nOneDay = 24 * 3600;
                     CAddress addr = CAddress(
                         CService(ip, config->GetChainParams().GetDefaultPort()),
                         requiredServiceBits);
                     // Use a random age between 3 and 7 days old.
                     addr.nTime =
                         GetTime() - 3 * nOneDay - rng.randrange(4 * nOneDay);
                     vAdd.push_back(addr);
                     found++;
                 }
                 addrman.Add(vAdd, resolveSource);
             } else {
                 // We now avoid directly using results from DNS Seeds which do
                 // not support service bit filtering, instead using them as a
                 // addrfetch to get nodes with our desired service bits.
                 AddAddrFetch(seed);
             }
         }
         --seeds_right_now;
     }
     LogPrintf("%d addresses found from DNS seeds\n", found);
 }
 
 void CConnman::DumpAddresses() {
     int64_t nStart = GetTimeMillis();
 
     CAddrDB adb(config->GetChainParams());
     adb.Write(addrman);
 
     LogPrint(BCLog::NET, "Flushed %d addresses to peers.dat  %dms\n",
              addrman.size(), GetTimeMillis() - nStart);
 }
 
 void CConnman::ProcessAddrFetch() {
     std::string strDest;
     {
         LOCK(m_addr_fetches_mutex);
         if (m_addr_fetches.empty()) {
             return;
         }
         strDest = m_addr_fetches.front();
         m_addr_fetches.pop_front();
     }
     CAddress addr;
     CSemaphoreGrant grant(*semOutbound, true);
     if (grant) {
         OpenNetworkConnection(addr, false, &grant, strDest.c_str(),
                               ConnectionType::ADDR_FETCH);
     }
 }
 
 bool CConnman::GetTryNewOutboundPeer() {
     return m_try_another_outbound_peer;
 }
 
 void CConnman::SetTryNewOutboundPeer(bool flag) {
     m_try_another_outbound_peer = flag;
     LogPrint(BCLog::NET, "net: setting try another outbound peer=%s\n",
              flag ? "true" : "false");
 }
 
 // Return the number of peers we have over our outbound connection limit.
 // Exclude peers that are marked for disconnect, or are going to be disconnected
 // soon (eg ADDR_FETCH and FEELER).
 // Also exclude peers that haven't finished initial connection handshake yet (so
 // that we don't decide we're over our desired connection limit, and then evict
 // some peer that has finished the handshake).
 int CConnman::GetExtraFullOutboundCount() {
     int full_outbound_peers = 0;
     {
         LOCK(cs_vNodes);
         for (const CNode *pnode : vNodes) {
             if (pnode->fSuccessfullyConnected && !pnode->fDisconnect &&
                 pnode->IsFullOutboundConn()) {
                 ++full_outbound_peers;
             }
         }
     }
     return std::max(full_outbound_peers - m_max_outbound_full_relay, 0);
 }
 
 int CConnman::GetExtraBlockRelayCount() {
     int block_relay_peers = 0;
     {
         LOCK(cs_vNodes);
         for (const CNode *pnode : vNodes) {
             if (pnode->fSuccessfullyConnected && !pnode->fDisconnect &&
                 pnode->IsBlockOnlyConn()) {
                 ++block_relay_peers;
             }
         }
     }
     return std::max(block_relay_peers - m_max_outbound_block_relay, 0);
 }
 
 void CConnman::ThreadOpenConnections(const std::vector<std::string> connect) {
     // Connect to specific addresses
     if (!connect.empty()) {
         for (int64_t nLoop = 0;; nLoop++) {
             ProcessAddrFetch();
             for (const std::string &strAddr : connect) {
                 CAddress addr(CService(), NODE_NONE);
                 OpenNetworkConnection(addr, false, nullptr, strAddr.c_str(),
                                       ConnectionType::MANUAL);
                 for (int i = 0; i < 10 && i < nLoop; i++) {
                     if (!interruptNet.sleep_for(
                             std::chrono::milliseconds(500))) {
                         return;
                     }
                 }
             }
             if (!interruptNet.sleep_for(std::chrono::milliseconds(500))) {
                 return;
             }
         }
     }
 
     // Initiate network connections
     auto start = GetTime<std::chrono::microseconds>();
 
     // Minimum time before next feeler connection (in microseconds).
     auto next_feeler = PoissonNextSend(start, FEELER_INTERVAL);
     auto next_extra_block_relay =
         PoissonNextSend(start, EXTRA_BLOCK_RELAY_ONLY_PEER_INTERVAL);
     const bool dnsseed = gArgs.GetBoolArg("-dnsseed", DEFAULT_DNSSEED);
     bool add_fixed_seeds = gArgs.GetBoolArg("-fixedseeds", DEFAULT_FIXEDSEEDS);
 
     if (!add_fixed_seeds) {
         LogPrintf("Fixed seeds are disabled\n");
     }
 
     while (!interruptNet) {
         ProcessAddrFetch();
 
         if (!interruptNet.sleep_for(std::chrono::milliseconds(500))) {
             return;
         }
 
         CSemaphoreGrant grant(*semOutbound);
         if (interruptNet) {
             return;
         }
 
         if (add_fixed_seeds && addrman.size() == 0) {
             // When the node starts with an empty peers.dat, there are a few
             // other sources of peers before we fallback on to fixed seeds:
             // -dnsseed, -seednode, -addnode If none of those are available, we
             // fallback on to fixed seeds immediately, else we allow 60 seconds
             // for any of those sources to populate addrman.
             bool add_fixed_seeds_now = false;
             // It is cheapest to check if enough time has passed first.
             if (GetTime<std::chrono::seconds>() >
                 start + std::chrono::minutes{1}) {
                 add_fixed_seeds_now = true;
                 LogPrintf("Adding fixed seeds as 60 seconds have passed and "
                           "addrman is empty\n");
             }
 
             // Checking !dnsseed is cheaper before locking 2 mutexes.
             if (!add_fixed_seeds_now && !dnsseed) {
                 LOCK2(m_addr_fetches_mutex, cs_vAddedNodes);
                 if (m_addr_fetches.empty() && vAddedNodes.empty()) {
                     add_fixed_seeds_now = true;
                     LogPrintf(
                         "Adding fixed seeds as -dnsseed=0, -addnode is not "
                         "provided and all -seednode(s) attempted\n");
                 }
             }
 
             if (add_fixed_seeds_now) {
                 CNetAddr local;
                 local.SetInternal("fixedseeds");
                 addrman.Add(convertSeed6(config->GetChainParams().FixedSeeds()),
                             local);
                 add_fixed_seeds = false;
             }
         }
 
         //
         // Choose an address to connect to based on most recently seen
         //
         CAddress addrConnect;
 
         // Only connect out to one peer per network group (/16 for IPv4).
         int nOutboundFullRelay = 0;
         int nOutboundBlockRelay = 0;
         int nOutboundAvalanche = 0;
         std::set<std::vector<uint8_t>> setConnected;
 
         {
             LOCK(cs_vNodes);
             for (const CNode *pnode : vNodes) {
                 // Netgroups for inbound and manual peers are not excluded
                 // because our goal here is to not use multiple of our
                 // limited outbound slots on a single netgroup but inbound
                 // and manual peers do not use our outbound slots. Inbound
                 // peers also have the added issue that they could be attacker
                 // controlled and could be used to prevent us from connecting
                 // to particular hosts if we used them here.
                 switch (pnode->m_conn_type) {
                     case ConnectionType::INBOUND:
                     case ConnectionType::MANUAL:
                         break;
                     case ConnectionType::AVALANCHE_OUTBOUND:
                         nOutboundAvalanche++;
                     case ConnectionType::OUTBOUND_FULL_RELAY:
                         nOutboundFullRelay++;
                     case ConnectionType::BLOCK_RELAY:
                         nOutboundBlockRelay++;
                     case ConnectionType::ADDR_FETCH:
                     case ConnectionType::FEELER:
                         setConnected.insert(
                             pnode->addr.GetGroup(addrman.m_asmap));
                 } // no default case, so the compiler can warn about missing
                   // cases
             }
         }
 
         ConnectionType conn_type = ConnectionType::OUTBOUND_FULL_RELAY;
         auto now = GetTime<std::chrono::microseconds>();
         bool anchor = false;
         bool fFeeler = false;
 
         // Determine what type of connection to open. Opening
         // BLOCK_RELAY connections to addresses from anchors.dat gets the
         // highest priority. Then we open AVALANCHE_OUTBOUND connection until we
         // hit our avalanche outbound peer limit, which is 0 if avalanche is not
         // enabled. We fallback to OUTBOUND_FULL_RELAY if the peer is not
         // avalanche capable until we meet our full-relay capacity. Then we open
         // BLOCK_RELAY connection until we hit our block-relay-only peer limit.
         // GetTryNewOutboundPeer() gets set when a stale tip is detected, so we
         // try opening an additional OUTBOUND_FULL_RELAY connection. If none of
         // these conditions are met, check to see if it's time to try an extra
         // block-relay-only peer (to confirm our tip is current, see below) or
         // the next_feeler timer to decide if we should open a FEELER.
 
         if (!m_anchors.empty() &&
             (nOutboundBlockRelay < m_max_outbound_block_relay)) {
             conn_type = ConnectionType::BLOCK_RELAY;
             anchor = true;
         } else if (g_avalanche &&
                    (nOutboundAvalanche < m_max_avalanche_outbound)) {
             conn_type = ConnectionType::AVALANCHE_OUTBOUND;
         } else if (nOutboundFullRelay < m_max_outbound_full_relay) {
             // OUTBOUND_FULL_RELAY
         } else if (nOutboundBlockRelay < m_max_outbound_block_relay) {
             conn_type = ConnectionType::BLOCK_RELAY;
         } else if (GetTryNewOutboundPeer()) {
             // OUTBOUND_FULL_RELAY
         } else if (now > next_extra_block_relay &&
                    m_start_extra_block_relay_peers) {
             // Periodically connect to a peer (using regular outbound selection
             // methodology from addrman) and stay connected long enough to sync
             // headers, but not much else.
             //
             // Then disconnect the peer, if we haven't learned anything new.
             //
             // The idea is to make eclipse attacks very difficult to pull off,
             // because every few minutes we're finding a new peer to learn
             // headers from.
             //
             // This is similar to the logic for trying extra outbound
             // (full-relay) peers, except:
             // - we do this all the time on a poisson timer, rather than just
             //   when our tip is stale
             // - we potentially disconnect our next-youngest block-relay-only
             //   peer, if our newest block-relay-only peer delivers a block more
             //   recently.
             //   See the eviction logic in net_processing.cpp.
             //
             // Because we can promote these connections to block-relay-only
             // connections, they do not get their own ConnectionType enum
             // (similar to how we deal with extra outbound peers).
             next_extra_block_relay =
                 PoissonNextSend(now, EXTRA_BLOCK_RELAY_ONLY_PEER_INTERVAL);
             conn_type = ConnectionType::BLOCK_RELAY;
         } else if (now > next_feeler) {
             next_feeler = PoissonNextSend(now, FEELER_INTERVAL);
             conn_type = ConnectionType::FEELER;
             fFeeler = true;
         } else {
             // skip to next iteration of while loop
             continue;
         }
 
         addrman.ResolveCollisions();
 
         int64_t nANow = GetAdjustedTime();
         int nTries = 0;
         while (!interruptNet) {
             if (anchor && !m_anchors.empty()) {
                 const CAddress addr = m_anchors.back();
                 m_anchors.pop_back();
                 if (!addr.IsValid() || IsLocal(addr) || !IsReachable(addr) ||
                     !HasAllDesirableServiceFlags(addr.nServices) ||
                     setConnected.count(addr.GetGroup(addrman.m_asmap))) {
                     continue;
                 }
                 addrConnect = addr;
                 LogPrint(BCLog::NET,
                          "Trying to make an anchor connection to %s\n",
                          addrConnect.ToString());
                 break;
             }
             // If we didn't find an appropriate destination after trying 100
             // addresses fetched from addrman, stop this loop, and let the outer
             // loop run again (which sleeps, adds seed nodes, recalculates
             // already-connected network ranges, ...) before trying new addrman
             // addresses.
             nTries++;
             if (nTries > 100) {
                 break;
             }
 
             CAddrInfo addr;
 
             if (fFeeler) {
                 // First, try to get a tried table collision address. This
                 // returns an empty (invalid) address if there are no collisions
                 // to try.
                 addr = addrman.SelectTriedCollision();
 
                 if (!addr.IsValid()) {
                     // No tried table collisions. Select a new table address
                     // for our feeler.
                     addr = addrman.Select(true);
                 } else if (AlreadyConnectedToAddress(addr)) {
                     // If test-before-evict logic would have us connect to a
                     // peer that we're already connected to, just mark that
                     // address as Good(). We won't be able to initiate the
                     // connection anyway, so this avoids inadvertently evicting
                     // a currently-connected peer.
                     addrman.Good(addr);
                     // Select a new table address for our feeler instead.
                     addr = addrman.Select(true);
                 }
             } else {
                 // Not a feeler
                 addr = addrman.Select();
             }
 
             // Require outbound connections, other than feelers, to be to
             // distinct network groups
             if (!fFeeler &&
                 setConnected.count(addr.GetGroup(addrman.m_asmap))) {
                 break;
             }
 
             // if we selected an invalid or local address, restart
             if (!addr.IsValid() || IsLocal(addr)) {
                 break;
             }
 
             if (!IsReachable(addr)) {
                 continue;
             }
 
             // only consider very recently tried nodes after 30 failed attempts
             if (nANow - addr.nLastTry < 600 && nTries < 30) {
                 continue;
             }
 
             // for non-feelers, require all the services we'll want,
             // for feelers, only require they be a full node (only because most
             // SPV clients don't have a good address DB available)
             if (!fFeeler && !HasAllDesirableServiceFlags(addr.nServices)) {
                 continue;
             }
 
             if (fFeeler && !MayHaveUsefulAddressDB(addr.nServices)) {
                 continue;
             }
 
             // Do not allow non-default ports, unless after 50 invalid
             // addresses selected already. This is to prevent malicious peers
             // from advertising themselves as a service on another host and
             // port, causing a DoS attack as nodes around the network attempt
             // to connect to it fruitlessly.
-            if (addr.GetPort() != config->GetChainParams().GetDefaultPort() &&
+            if (addr.GetPort() != config->GetChainParams().GetDefaultPort(
+                                      addr.GetNetwork()) &&
                 nTries < 50) {
                 continue;
             }
 
             // For avalanche peers, check they have the avalanche service bit
             // set.
             if (conn_type == ConnectionType::AVALANCHE_OUTBOUND &&
                 !(addr.nServices & NODE_AVALANCHE)) {
                 // If this peer is not suitable as an avalanche one, see if we
                 // can fallback to a non avalanche full outbound.
                 if (nOutboundFullRelay >= m_max_outbound_full_relay) {
                     // Fallback is not possible, try another one
                     continue;
                 }
 
                 // Fallback is possible, update the connection type accordingly
                 conn_type = ConnectionType::OUTBOUND_FULL_RELAY;
             }
 
             addrConnect = addr;
             break;
         }
 
         if (addrConnect.IsValid()) {
             if (fFeeler) {
                 // Add small amount of random noise before connection to avoid
                 // synchronization.
                 int randsleep = GetRandInt(FEELER_SLEEP_WINDOW * 1000);
                 if (!interruptNet.sleep_for(
                         std::chrono::milliseconds(randsleep))) {
                     return;
                 }
                 LogPrint(BCLog::NET, "Making feeler connection to %s\n",
                          addrConnect.ToString());
             }
 
             OpenNetworkConnection(addrConnect,
                                   int(setConnected.size()) >=
                                       std::min(nMaxConnections - 1, 2),
                                   &grant, nullptr, conn_type);
         }
     }
 }
 
 std::vector<CAddress> CConnman::GetCurrentBlockRelayOnlyConns() const {
     std::vector<CAddress> ret;
     LOCK(cs_vNodes);
     for (const CNode *pnode : vNodes) {
         if (pnode->IsBlockOnlyConn()) {
             ret.push_back(pnode->addr);
         }
     }
 
     return ret;
 }
 
 std::vector<AddedNodeInfo> CConnman::GetAddedNodeInfo() {
     std::vector<AddedNodeInfo> ret;
 
     std::list<std::string> lAddresses(0);
     {
         LOCK(cs_vAddedNodes);
         ret.reserve(vAddedNodes.size());
         std::copy(vAddedNodes.cbegin(), vAddedNodes.cend(),
                   std::back_inserter(lAddresses));
     }
 
     // Build a map of all already connected addresses (by IP:port and by name)
     // to inbound/outbound and resolved CService
     std::map<CService, bool> mapConnected;
     std::map<std::string, std::pair<bool, CService>> mapConnectedByName;
     {
         LOCK(cs_vNodes);
         for (const CNode *pnode : vNodes) {
             if (pnode->addr.IsValid()) {
                 mapConnected[pnode->addr] = pnode->IsInboundConn();
             }
             std::string addrName = pnode->GetAddrName();
             if (!addrName.empty()) {
                 mapConnectedByName[std::move(addrName)] =
                     std::make_pair(pnode->IsInboundConn(),
                                    static_cast<const CService &>(pnode->addr));
             }
         }
     }
 
     for (const std::string &strAddNode : lAddresses) {
-        CService service(LookupNumeric(strAddNode, Params().GetDefaultPort()));
+        CService service(
+            LookupNumeric(strAddNode, Params().GetDefaultPort(strAddNode)));
         AddedNodeInfo addedNode{strAddNode, CService(), false, false};
         if (service.IsValid()) {
             // strAddNode is an IP:port
             auto it = mapConnected.find(service);
             if (it != mapConnected.end()) {
                 addedNode.resolvedAddress = service;
                 addedNode.fConnected = true;
                 addedNode.fInbound = it->second;
             }
         } else {
             // strAddNode is a name
             auto it = mapConnectedByName.find(strAddNode);
             if (it != mapConnectedByName.end()) {
                 addedNode.resolvedAddress = it->second.second;
                 addedNode.fConnected = true;
                 addedNode.fInbound = it->second.first;
             }
         }
         ret.emplace_back(std::move(addedNode));
     }
 
     return ret;
 }
 
 void CConnman::ThreadOpenAddedConnections() {
     while (true) {
         CSemaphoreGrant grant(*semAddnode);
         std::vector<AddedNodeInfo> vInfo = GetAddedNodeInfo();
         bool tried = false;
         for (const AddedNodeInfo &info : vInfo) {
             if (!info.fConnected) {
                 if (!grant.TryAcquire()) {
                     // If we've used up our semaphore and need a new one, let's
                     // not wait here since while we are waiting the
                     // addednodeinfo state might change.
                     break;
                 }
                 tried = true;
                 CAddress addr(CService(), NODE_NONE);
                 OpenNetworkConnection(addr, false, &grant,
                                       info.strAddedNode.c_str(),
                                       ConnectionType::MANUAL);
                 if (!interruptNet.sleep_for(std::chrono::milliseconds(500))) {
                     return;
                 }
             }
         }
         // Retry every 60 seconds if a connection was attempted, otherwise two
         // seconds.
         if (!interruptNet.sleep_for(std::chrono::seconds(tried ? 60 : 2))) {
             return;
         }
     }
 }
 
 // If successful, this moves the passed grant to the constructed node.
 void CConnman::OpenNetworkConnection(const CAddress &addrConnect,
                                      bool fCountFailure,
                                      CSemaphoreGrant *grantOutbound,
                                      const char *pszDest,
                                      ConnectionType conn_type) {
     assert(conn_type != ConnectionType::INBOUND);
 
     //
     // Initiate outbound network connection
     //
     if (interruptNet) {
         return;
     }
     if (!fNetworkActive) {
         return;
     }
     if (!pszDest) {
         bool banned_or_discouraged =
             m_banman && (m_banman->IsDiscouraged(addrConnect) ||
                          m_banman->IsBanned(addrConnect));
         if (IsLocal(addrConnect) || banned_or_discouraged ||
             AlreadyConnectedToAddress(addrConnect)) {
             return;
         }
     } else if (FindNode(std::string(pszDest))) {
         return;
     }
 
     CNode *pnode = ConnectNode(addrConnect, pszDest, fCountFailure, conn_type);
 
     if (!pnode) {
         return;
     }
     if (grantOutbound) {
         grantOutbound->MoveTo(pnode->grantOutbound);
     }
 
     m_msgproc->InitializeNode(*config, pnode);
     {
         LOCK(cs_vNodes);
         vNodes.push_back(pnode);
     }
 }
 
 void CConnman::ThreadMessageHandler() {
     while (!flagInterruptMsgProc) {
         std::vector<CNode *> vNodesCopy;
         {
             LOCK(cs_vNodes);
             vNodesCopy = vNodes;
             for (CNode *pnode : vNodesCopy) {
                 pnode->AddRef();
             }
         }
 
         bool fMoreWork = false;
 
         for (CNode *pnode : vNodesCopy) {
             if (pnode->fDisconnect) {
                 continue;
             }
 
             // Receive messages
             bool fMoreNodeWork = m_msgproc->ProcessMessages(
                 *config, pnode, flagInterruptMsgProc);
             fMoreWork |= (fMoreNodeWork && !pnode->fPauseSend);
             if (flagInterruptMsgProc) {
                 return;
             }
 
             // Send messages
             {
                 LOCK(pnode->cs_sendProcessing);
                 m_msgproc->SendMessages(*config, pnode);
             }
 
             if (flagInterruptMsgProc) {
                 return;
             }
         }
 
         {
             LOCK(cs_vNodes);
             for (CNode *pnode : vNodesCopy) {
                 pnode->Release();
             }
         }
 
         WAIT_LOCK(mutexMsgProc, lock);
         if (!fMoreWork) {
             condMsgProc.wait_until(lock,
                                    std::chrono::steady_clock::now() +
                                        std::chrono::milliseconds(100),
                                    [this]() EXCLUSIVE_LOCKS_REQUIRED(
                                        mutexMsgProc) { return fMsgProcWake; });
         }
         fMsgProcWake = false;
     }
 }
 
 void CConnman::ThreadI2PAcceptIncoming() {
     static constexpr auto err_wait_begin = 1s;
     static constexpr auto err_wait_cap = 5min;
     auto err_wait = err_wait_begin;
 
     bool advertising_listen_addr = false;
     i2p::Connection conn;
 
     while (!interruptNet) {
         if (!m_i2p_sam_session->Listen(conn)) {
             if (advertising_listen_addr && conn.me.IsValid()) {
                 RemoveLocal(conn.me);
                 advertising_listen_addr = false;
             }
 
             interruptNet.sleep_for(err_wait);
             if (err_wait < err_wait_cap) {
                 err_wait *= 2;
             }
 
             continue;
         }
 
         if (!advertising_listen_addr) {
             AddLocal(conn.me, LOCAL_MANUAL);
             advertising_listen_addr = true;
         }
 
         if (!m_i2p_sam_session->Accept(conn)) {
             continue;
         }
 
         CreateNodeFromAcceptedSocket(
             conn.sock->Release(), NetPermissionFlags::PF_NONE,
             CAddress{conn.me, NODE_NONE}, CAddress{conn.peer, NODE_NONE});
     }
 }
 
 bool CConnman::BindListenPort(const CService &addrBind, bilingual_str &strError,
                               NetPermissionFlags permissions) {
     int nOne = 1;
 
     // Create socket for listening for incoming connections
     struct sockaddr_storage sockaddr;
     socklen_t len = sizeof(sockaddr);
     if (!addrBind.GetSockAddr((struct sockaddr *)&sockaddr, &len)) {
         strError = strprintf(
             Untranslated("Error: Bind address family for %s not supported"),
             addrBind.ToString());
         LogPrintf("%s\n", strError.original);
         return false;
     }
 
     std::unique_ptr<Sock> sock = CreateSock(addrBind);
     if (!sock) {
         strError =
             strprintf(Untranslated("Error: Couldn't open socket for incoming "
                                    "connections (socket returned error %s)"),
                       NetworkErrorString(WSAGetLastError()));
         LogPrintf("%s\n", strError.original);
         return false;
     }
 
     // Allow binding if the port is still in TIME_WAIT state after
     // the program was closed and restarted.
     setsockopt(sock->Get(), SOL_SOCKET, SO_REUSEADDR, (sockopt_arg_type)&nOne,
                sizeof(int));
 
     // Some systems don't have IPV6_V6ONLY but are always v6only; others do have
     // the option and enable it by default or not. Try to enable it, if
     // possible.
     if (addrBind.IsIPv6()) {
 #ifdef IPV6_V6ONLY
         setsockopt(sock->Get(), IPPROTO_IPV6, IPV6_V6ONLY,
                    (sockopt_arg_type)&nOne, sizeof(int));
 #endif
 #ifdef WIN32
         int nProtLevel = PROTECTION_LEVEL_UNRESTRICTED;
         setsockopt(sock->Get(), IPPROTO_IPV6, IPV6_PROTECTION_LEVEL,
                    (sockopt_arg_type)&nProtLevel, sizeof(int));
 #endif
     }
 
     if (::bind(sock->Get(), (struct sockaddr *)&sockaddr, len) ==
         SOCKET_ERROR) {
         int nErr = WSAGetLastError();
         if (nErr == WSAEADDRINUSE) {
             strError = strprintf(_("Unable to bind to %s on this computer. %s "
                                    "is probably already running."),
                                  addrBind.ToString(), PACKAGE_NAME);
         } else {
             strError = strprintf(_("Unable to bind to %s on this computer "
                                    "(bind returned error %s)"),
                                  addrBind.ToString(), NetworkErrorString(nErr));
         }
         LogPrintf("%s\n", strError.original);
         return false;
     }
     LogPrintf("Bound to %s\n", addrBind.ToString());
 
     // Listen for incoming connections
     if (listen(sock->Get(), SOMAXCONN) == SOCKET_ERROR) {
         strError = strprintf(_("Error: Listening for incoming connections "
                                "failed (listen returned error %s)"),
                              NetworkErrorString(WSAGetLastError()));
         LogPrintf("%s\n", strError.original);
         return false;
     }
 
     vhListenSocket.push_back(ListenSocket(sock->Release(), permissions));
     return true;
 }
 
 void Discover() {
     if (!fDiscover) {
         return;
     }
 
 #ifdef WIN32
     // Get local host IP
     char pszHostName[256] = "";
     if (gethostname(pszHostName, sizeof(pszHostName)) != SOCKET_ERROR) {
         std::vector<CNetAddr> vaddr;
         if (LookupHost(pszHostName, vaddr, 0, true)) {
             for (const CNetAddr &addr : vaddr) {
                 if (AddLocal(addr, LOCAL_IF)) {
                     LogPrintf("%s: %s - %s\n", __func__, pszHostName,
                               addr.ToString());
                 }
             }
         }
     }
 #elif (HAVE_DECL_GETIFADDRS && HAVE_DECL_FREEIFADDRS)
     // Get local host ip
     struct ifaddrs *myaddrs;
     if (getifaddrs(&myaddrs) == 0) {
         for (struct ifaddrs *ifa = myaddrs; ifa != nullptr;
              ifa = ifa->ifa_next) {
             if (ifa->ifa_addr == nullptr || (ifa->ifa_flags & IFF_UP) == 0 ||
                 strcmp(ifa->ifa_name, "lo") == 0 ||
                 strcmp(ifa->ifa_name, "lo0") == 0) {
                 continue;
             }
             if (ifa->ifa_addr->sa_family == AF_INET) {
                 struct sockaddr_in *s4 =
                     reinterpret_cast<struct sockaddr_in *>(ifa->ifa_addr);
                 CNetAddr addr(s4->sin_addr);
                 if (AddLocal(addr, LOCAL_IF)) {
                     LogPrintf("%s: IPv4 %s: %s\n", __func__, ifa->ifa_name,
                               addr.ToString());
                 }
             } else if (ifa->ifa_addr->sa_family == AF_INET6) {
                 struct sockaddr_in6 *s6 =
                     reinterpret_cast<struct sockaddr_in6 *>(ifa->ifa_addr);
                 CNetAddr addr(s6->sin6_addr);
                 if (AddLocal(addr, LOCAL_IF)) {
                     LogPrintf("%s: IPv6 %s: %s\n", __func__, ifa->ifa_name,
                               addr.ToString());
                 }
             }
         }
         freeifaddrs(myaddrs);
     }
 #endif
 }
 
 void CConnman::SetNetworkActive(bool active) {
     LogPrintf("%s: %s\n", __func__, active);
 
     if (fNetworkActive == active) {
         return;
     }
 
     fNetworkActive = active;
     uiInterface.NotifyNetworkActiveChanged(fNetworkActive);
 }
 
 CConnman::CConnman(const Config &configIn, uint64_t nSeed0In, uint64_t nSeed1In,
                    bool network_active)
     : config(&configIn), nSeed0(nSeed0In), nSeed1(nSeed1In) {
     SetTryNewOutboundPeer(false);
 
     Options connOptions;
     Init(connOptions);
     SetNetworkActive(network_active);
 }
 
 NodeId CConnman::GetNewNodeId() {
     return nLastNodeId.fetch_add(1);
 }
 
 bool CConnman::Bind(const CService &addr, unsigned int flags,
                     NetPermissionFlags permissions) {
     if (!(flags & BF_EXPLICIT) && !IsReachable(addr)) {
         return false;
     }
     bilingual_str strError;
     if (!BindListenPort(addr, strError, permissions)) {
         if ((flags & BF_REPORT_ERROR) && clientInterface) {
             clientInterface->ThreadSafeMessageBox(
                 strError, "", CClientUIInterface::MSG_ERROR);
         }
         return false;
     }
 
     if (addr.IsRoutable() && fDiscover && !(flags & BF_DONT_ADVERTISE) &&
         !(permissions & PF_NOBAN)) {
         AddLocal(addr, LOCAL_BIND);
     }
 
     return true;
 }
 
 bool CConnman::InitBinds(const std::vector<CService> &binds,
                          const std::vector<NetWhitebindPermissions> &whiteBinds,
                          const std::vector<CService> &onion_binds) {
     bool fBound = false;
     for (const auto &addrBind : binds) {
         fBound |= Bind(addrBind, (BF_EXPLICIT | BF_REPORT_ERROR),
                        NetPermissionFlags::PF_NONE);
     }
     for (const auto &addrBind : whiteBinds) {
         fBound |= Bind(addrBind.m_service, (BF_EXPLICIT | BF_REPORT_ERROR),
                        addrBind.m_flags);
     }
     if (binds.empty() && whiteBinds.empty()) {
         struct in_addr inaddr_any;
         inaddr_any.s_addr = htonl(INADDR_ANY);
         struct in6_addr inaddr6_any = IN6ADDR_ANY_INIT;
         fBound |= Bind(CService(inaddr6_any, GetListenPort()), BF_NONE,
                        NetPermissionFlags::PF_NONE);
         fBound |= Bind(CService(inaddr_any, GetListenPort()),
                        !fBound ? BF_REPORT_ERROR : BF_NONE,
                        NetPermissionFlags::PF_NONE);
     }
 
     for (const auto &addr_bind : onion_binds) {
         fBound |= Bind(addr_bind, BF_EXPLICIT | BF_DONT_ADVERTISE,
                        NetPermissionFlags::PF_NONE);
     }
 
     return fBound;
 }
 
 bool CConnman::Start(CScheduler &scheduler, const Options &connOptions) {
     Init(connOptions);
 
     if (fListen && !InitBinds(connOptions.vBinds, connOptions.vWhiteBinds,
                               connOptions.onion_binds)) {
         if (clientInterface) {
             clientInterface->ThreadSafeMessageBox(
                 _("Failed to listen on any port. Use -listen=0 if you want "
                   "this."),
                 "", CClientUIInterface::MSG_ERROR);
         }
         return false;
     }
 
     proxyType i2p_sam;
     if (GetProxy(NET_I2P, i2p_sam)) {
         m_i2p_sam_session = std::make_unique<i2p::sam::Session>(
             GetDataDir() / "i2p_private_key", i2p_sam.proxy, &interruptNet);
     }
 
     for (const auto &strDest : connOptions.vSeedNodes) {
         AddAddrFetch(strDest);
     }
 
     if (clientInterface) {
         clientInterface->InitMessage(_("Loading P2P addresses...").translated);
     }
     // Load addresses from peers.dat
     int64_t nStart = GetTimeMillis();
     {
         CAddrDB adb(config->GetChainParams());
         if (adb.Read(addrman)) {
             LogPrintf("Loaded %i addresses from peers.dat  %dms\n",
                       addrman.size(), GetTimeMillis() - nStart);
         } else {
             // Addrman can be in an inconsistent state after failure, reset it
             addrman.Clear();
             LogPrintf("Invalid or missing peers.dat; recreating\n");
             DumpAddresses();
         }
     }
 
     if (m_use_addrman_outgoing) {
         // Load addresses from anchors.dat
         m_anchors = ReadAnchors(config->GetChainParams(),
                                 GetDataDir() / ANCHORS_DATABASE_FILENAME);
         if (m_anchors.size() > MAX_BLOCK_RELAY_ONLY_ANCHORS) {
             m_anchors.resize(MAX_BLOCK_RELAY_ONLY_ANCHORS);
         }
         LogPrintf(
             "%i block-relay-only anchors will be tried for connections.\n",
             m_anchors.size());
     }
 
     uiInterface.InitMessage(_("Starting network threads...").translated);
 
     fAddressesInitialized = true;
 
     if (semOutbound == nullptr) {
         // initialize semaphore
         semOutbound = std::make_unique<CSemaphore>(
             std::min(m_max_outbound, nMaxConnections));
     }
     if (semAddnode == nullptr) {
         // initialize semaphore
         semAddnode = std::make_unique<CSemaphore>(nMaxAddnode);
     }
 
     //
     // Start threads
     //
     assert(m_msgproc);
     InterruptSocks5(false);
     interruptNet.reset();
     flagInterruptMsgProc = false;
 
     {
         LOCK(mutexMsgProc);
         fMsgProcWake = false;
     }
 
     // Send and receive from sockets, accept connections
     threadSocketHandler = std::thread(
         &TraceThread<std::function<void()>>, "net",
         std::function<void()>(std::bind(&CConnman::ThreadSocketHandler, this)));
 
     if (!gArgs.GetBoolArg("-dnsseed", DEFAULT_DNSSEED)) {
         LogPrintf("DNS seeding disabled\n");
     } else {
         threadDNSAddressSeed =
             std::thread(&TraceThread<std::function<void()>>, "dnsseed",
                         std::function<void()>(
                             std::bind(&CConnman::ThreadDNSAddressSeed, this)));
     }
 
     // Initiate manual connections
     threadOpenAddedConnections =
         std::thread(&TraceThread<std::function<void()>>, "addcon",
                     std::function<void()>(std::bind(
                         &CConnman::ThreadOpenAddedConnections, this)));
 
     if (connOptions.m_use_addrman_outgoing &&
         !connOptions.m_specified_outgoing.empty()) {
         if (clientInterface) {
             clientInterface->ThreadSafeMessageBox(
                 _("Cannot provide specific connections and have addrman find "
                   "outgoing connections at the same."),
                 "", CClientUIInterface::MSG_ERROR);
         }
         return false;
     }
     if (connOptions.m_use_addrman_outgoing ||
         !connOptions.m_specified_outgoing.empty()) {
         threadOpenConnections =
             std::thread(&TraceThread<std::function<void()>>, "opencon",
                         std::function<void()>(
                             std::bind(&CConnman::ThreadOpenConnections, this,
                                       connOptions.m_specified_outgoing)));
     }
 
     // Process messages
     threadMessageHandler =
         std::thread(&TraceThread<std::function<void()>>, "msghand",
                     std::function<void()>(
                         std::bind(&CConnman::ThreadMessageHandler, this)));
 
     if (connOptions.m_i2p_accept_incoming &&
         m_i2p_sam_session.get() != nullptr) {
         threadI2PAcceptIncoming =
             std::thread(&TraceThread<std::function<void()>>, "i2paccept",
                         std::function<void()>(std::bind(
                             &CConnman::ThreadI2PAcceptIncoming, this)));
     }
 
     // Dump network addresses
     scheduler.scheduleEvery(
         [this]() {
             this->DumpAddresses();
             return true;
         },
         DUMP_PEERS_INTERVAL);
 
     return true;
 }
 
 class CNetCleanup {
 public:
     CNetCleanup() {}
 
     ~CNetCleanup() {
 #ifdef WIN32
         // Shutdown Windows Sockets
         WSACleanup();
 #endif
     }
 };
 static CNetCleanup instance_of_cnetcleanup;
 
 void CConnman::Interrupt() {
     {
         LOCK(mutexMsgProc);
         flagInterruptMsgProc = true;
     }
     condMsgProc.notify_all();
 
     interruptNet();
     InterruptSocks5(true);
 
     if (semOutbound) {
         for (int i = 0; i < m_max_outbound; i++) {
             semOutbound->post();
         }
     }
 
     if (semAddnode) {
         for (int i = 0; i < nMaxAddnode; i++) {
             semAddnode->post();
         }
     }
 }
 
 void CConnman::StopThreads() {
     if (threadI2PAcceptIncoming.joinable()) {
         threadI2PAcceptIncoming.join();
     }
     if (threadMessageHandler.joinable()) {
         threadMessageHandler.join();
     }
     if (threadOpenConnections.joinable()) {
         threadOpenConnections.join();
     }
     if (threadOpenAddedConnections.joinable()) {
         threadOpenAddedConnections.join();
     }
     if (threadDNSAddressSeed.joinable()) {
         threadDNSAddressSeed.join();
     }
     if (threadSocketHandler.joinable()) {
         threadSocketHandler.join();
     }
 }
 
 void CConnman::StopNodes() {
     if (fAddressesInitialized) {
         DumpAddresses();
         fAddressesInitialized = false;
 
         if (m_use_addrman_outgoing) {
             // Anchor connections are only dumped during clean shutdown.
             std::vector<CAddress> anchors_to_dump =
                 GetCurrentBlockRelayOnlyConns();
             if (anchors_to_dump.size() > MAX_BLOCK_RELAY_ONLY_ANCHORS) {
                 anchors_to_dump.resize(MAX_BLOCK_RELAY_ONLY_ANCHORS);
             }
             DumpAnchors(config->GetChainParams(),
                         GetDataDir() / ANCHORS_DATABASE_FILENAME,
                         anchors_to_dump);
         }
     }
 
     // Close sockets
     LOCK(cs_vNodes);
     for (CNode *pnode : vNodes) {
         pnode->CloseSocketDisconnect();
     }
     for (ListenSocket &hListenSocket : vhListenSocket) {
         if (hListenSocket.socket != INVALID_SOCKET) {
             if (!CloseSocket(hListenSocket.socket)) {
                 LogPrintf("CloseSocket(hListenSocket) failed with error %s\n",
                           NetworkErrorString(WSAGetLastError()));
             }
         }
     }
 
     // clean up some globals (to help leak detection)
     for (CNode *pnode : vNodes) {
         DeleteNode(pnode);
     }
     for (CNode *pnode : vNodesDisconnected) {
         DeleteNode(pnode);
     }
     vNodes.clear();
     vNodesDisconnected.clear();
     vhListenSocket.clear();
     semOutbound.reset();
     semAddnode.reset();
 }
 
 void CConnman::DeleteNode(CNode *pnode) {
     assert(pnode);
     bool fUpdateConnectionTime = false;
     m_msgproc->FinalizeNode(*config, *pnode, fUpdateConnectionTime);
     if (fUpdateConnectionTime) {
         addrman.Connected(pnode->addr);
     }
     delete pnode;
 }
 
 CConnman::~CConnman() {
     Interrupt();
     Stop();
 }
 
 void CConnman::SetServices(const CService &addr, ServiceFlags nServices) {
     addrman.SetServices(addr, nServices);
 }
 
 void CConnman::MarkAddressGood(const CAddress &addr) {
     addrman.Good(addr);
 }
 
 bool CConnman::AddNewAddresses(const std::vector<CAddress> &vAddr,
                                const CAddress &addrFrom, int64_t nTimePenalty) {
     return addrman.Add(vAddr, addrFrom, nTimePenalty);
 }
 
 std::vector<CAddress> CConnman::GetAddresses(size_t max_addresses,
                                              size_t max_pct) {
     std::vector<CAddress> addresses = addrman.GetAddr(max_addresses, max_pct);
     if (m_banman) {
         addresses.erase(std::remove_if(addresses.begin(), addresses.end(),
                                        [this](const CAddress &addr) {
                                            return m_banman->IsDiscouraged(
                                                       addr) ||
                                                   m_banman->IsBanned(addr);
                                        }),
                         addresses.end());
     }
     return addresses;
 }
 
 std::vector<CAddress>
 CConnman::GetAddresses(CNode &requestor, size_t max_addresses, size_t max_pct) {
     auto local_socket_bytes = requestor.addrBind.GetAddrBytes();
     uint64_t cache_id =
         GetDeterministicRandomizer(RANDOMIZER_ID_ADDRCACHE)
             .Write(requestor.addr.GetNetwork())
             .Write(local_socket_bytes.data(), local_socket_bytes.size())
             .Finalize();
     const auto current_time = GetTime<std::chrono::microseconds>();
     auto r = m_addr_response_caches.emplace(cache_id, CachedAddrResponse{});
     CachedAddrResponse &cache_entry = r.first->second;
     // New CachedAddrResponse have expiration 0.
     if (cache_entry.m_cache_entry_expiration < current_time) {
         cache_entry.m_addrs_response_cache =
             GetAddresses(max_addresses, max_pct);
         // Choosing a proper cache lifetime is a trade-off between the privacy
         // leak minimization and the usefulness of ADDR responses to honest
         // users.
         //
         // Longer cache lifetime makes it more difficult for an attacker to
         // scrape enough AddrMan data to maliciously infer something useful. By
         // the time an attacker scraped enough AddrMan records, most of the
         // records should be old enough to not leak topology info by e.g.
         // analyzing real-time changes in timestamps.
         //
         // It takes only several hundred requests to scrape everything from an
         // AddrMan containing 100,000 nodes, so ~24 hours of cache lifetime
         // indeed makes the data less inferable by the time most of it could be
         // scraped (considering that timestamps are updated via ADDR
         // self-announcements and when nodes communicate). We also should be
         // robust to those attacks which may not require scraping *full*
         // victim's AddrMan (because even several timestamps of the same handful
         // of nodes may leak privacy).
         //
         // On the other hand, longer cache lifetime makes ADDR responses
         // outdated and less useful for an honest requestor, e.g. if most nodes
         // in the ADDR response are no longer active.
         //
         // However, the churn in the network is known to be rather low. Since we
         // consider nodes to be "terrible" (see IsTerrible()) if the timestamps
         // are older than 30 days, max. 24 hours of "penalty" due to cache
         // shouldn't make any meaningful difference in terms of the freshness of
         // the response.
         cache_entry.m_cache_entry_expiration =
             current_time + std::chrono::hours(21) +
             GetRandMillis(std::chrono::hours(6));
     }
     return cache_entry.m_addrs_response_cache;
 }
 
 bool CConnman::AddNode(const std::string &strNode) {
     LOCK(cs_vAddedNodes);
     for (const std::string &it : vAddedNodes) {
         if (strNode == it) {
             return false;
         }
     }
 
     vAddedNodes.push_back(strNode);
     return true;
 }
 
 bool CConnman::RemoveAddedNode(const std::string &strNode) {
     LOCK(cs_vAddedNodes);
     for (std::vector<std::string>::iterator it = vAddedNodes.begin();
          it != vAddedNodes.end(); ++it) {
         if (strNode == *it) {
             vAddedNodes.erase(it);
             return true;
         }
     }
     return false;
 }
 
 size_t CConnman::GetNodeCount(NumConnections flags) {
     LOCK(cs_vNodes);
     // Shortcut if we want total
     if (flags == CConnman::CONNECTIONS_ALL) {
         return vNodes.size();
     }
 
     int nNum = 0;
     for (const auto &pnode : vNodes) {
         if (flags &
             (pnode->IsInboundConn() ? CONNECTIONS_IN : CONNECTIONS_OUT)) {
             nNum++;
         }
     }
 
     return nNum;
 }
 
 void CConnman::GetNodeStats(std::vector<CNodeStats> &vstats) {
     vstats.clear();
     LOCK(cs_vNodes);
     vstats.reserve(vNodes.size());
     for (CNode *pnode : vNodes) {
         vstats.emplace_back();
         pnode->copyStats(vstats.back());
         vstats.back().m_mapped_as = pnode->addr.GetMappedAS(addrman.m_asmap);
     }
 }
 
 bool CConnman::DisconnectNode(const std::string &strNode) {
     LOCK(cs_vNodes);
     if (CNode *pnode = FindNode(strNode)) {
         LogPrint(BCLog::NET,
                  "disconnect by address%s matched peer=%d; disconnecting\n",
                  (fLogIPs ? strprintf("=%s", strNode) : ""), pnode->GetId());
         pnode->fDisconnect = true;
         return true;
     }
     return false;
 }
 
 bool CConnman::DisconnectNode(const CSubNet &subnet) {
     bool disconnected = false;
     LOCK(cs_vNodes);
     for (CNode *pnode : vNodes) {
         if (subnet.Match(pnode->addr)) {
             LogPrint(BCLog::NET,
                      "disconnect by subnet%s matched peer=%d; disconnecting\n",
                      (fLogIPs ? strprintf("=%s", subnet.ToString()) : ""),
                      pnode->GetId());
             pnode->fDisconnect = true;
             disconnected = true;
         }
     }
     return disconnected;
 }
 
 bool CConnman::DisconnectNode(const CNetAddr &addr) {
     return DisconnectNode(CSubNet(addr));
 }
 
 bool CConnman::DisconnectNode(NodeId id) {
     LOCK(cs_vNodes);
     for (CNode *pnode : vNodes) {
         if (id == pnode->GetId()) {
             LogPrint(BCLog::NET, "disconnect by id peer=%d; disconnecting\n",
                      pnode->GetId());
             pnode->fDisconnect = true;
             return true;
         }
     }
     return false;
 }
 
 void CConnman::RecordBytesRecv(uint64_t bytes) {
     LOCK(cs_totalBytesRecv);
     nTotalBytesRecv += bytes;
 }
 
 void CConnman::RecordBytesSent(uint64_t bytes) {
     LOCK(cs_totalBytesSent);
     nTotalBytesSent += bytes;
 
     const auto now = GetTime<std::chrono::seconds>();
     if (nMaxOutboundCycleStartTime + MAX_UPLOAD_TIMEFRAME < now) {
         // timeframe expired, reset cycle
         nMaxOutboundCycleStartTime = now;
         nMaxOutboundTotalBytesSentInCycle = 0;
     }
 
     // TODO, exclude peers with download permission
     nMaxOutboundTotalBytesSentInCycle += bytes;
 }
 
 uint64_t CConnman::GetMaxOutboundTarget() {
     LOCK(cs_totalBytesSent);
     return nMaxOutboundLimit;
 }
 
 std::chrono::seconds CConnman::GetMaxOutboundTimeframe() {
     return MAX_UPLOAD_TIMEFRAME;
 }
 
 std::chrono::seconds CConnman::GetMaxOutboundTimeLeftInCycle() {
     LOCK(cs_totalBytesSent);
     if (nMaxOutboundLimit == 0) {
         return 0s;
     }
 
     if (nMaxOutboundCycleStartTime.count() == 0) {
         return MAX_UPLOAD_TIMEFRAME;
     }
 
     const std::chrono::seconds cycleEndTime =
         nMaxOutboundCycleStartTime + MAX_UPLOAD_TIMEFRAME;
     const auto now = GetTime<std::chrono::seconds>();
     return (cycleEndTime < now) ? 0s : cycleEndTime - now;
 }
 
 bool CConnman::OutboundTargetReached(bool historicalBlockServingLimit) {
     LOCK(cs_totalBytesSent);
     if (nMaxOutboundLimit == 0) {
         return false;
     }
 
     if (historicalBlockServingLimit) {
         // keep a large enough buffer to at least relay each block once.
         const std::chrono::seconds timeLeftInCycle =
             GetMaxOutboundTimeLeftInCycle();
         const uint64_t buffer =
             timeLeftInCycle / std::chrono::minutes{10} * ONE_MEGABYTE;
         if (buffer >= nMaxOutboundLimit ||
             nMaxOutboundTotalBytesSentInCycle >= nMaxOutboundLimit - buffer) {
             return true;
         }
     } else if (nMaxOutboundTotalBytesSentInCycle >= nMaxOutboundLimit) {
         return true;
     }
 
     return false;
 }
 
 uint64_t CConnman::GetOutboundTargetBytesLeft() {
     LOCK(cs_totalBytesSent);
     if (nMaxOutboundLimit == 0) {
         return 0;
     }
 
     return (nMaxOutboundTotalBytesSentInCycle >= nMaxOutboundLimit)
                ? 0
                : nMaxOutboundLimit - nMaxOutboundTotalBytesSentInCycle;
 }
 
 uint64_t CConnman::GetTotalBytesRecv() {
     LOCK(cs_totalBytesRecv);
     return nTotalBytesRecv;
 }
 
 uint64_t CConnman::GetTotalBytesSent() {
     LOCK(cs_totalBytesSent);
     return nTotalBytesSent;
 }
 
 ServiceFlags CConnman::GetLocalServices() const {
     return nLocalServices;
 }
 
 unsigned int CConnman::GetReceiveFloodSize() const {
     return nReceiveFloodSize;
 }
 
 void CNode::AvalancheState::invsPolled(uint32_t count) {
     invCounters += count;
 }
 
 void CNode::AvalancheState::invsVoted(uint32_t count) {
     invCounters += uint64_t(count) << 32;
 }
 
 void CNode::AvalancheState::updateAvailabilityScore() {
     LOCK(cs_statistics);
 
     uint64_t windowInvCounters = invCounters.exchange(0);
     double previousScore = availabilityScore;
 
     int64_t polls = windowInvCounters & std::numeric_limits<uint32_t>::max();
     int64_t votes = windowInvCounters >> 32;
 
     availabilityScore =
         AVALANCHE_STATISTICS_DECAY_FACTOR * (2 * votes - polls) +
         (1. - AVALANCHE_STATISTICS_DECAY_FACTOR) * previousScore;
 }
 
 double CNode::AvalancheState::getAvailabilityScore() const {
     // The score is set atomically so there is no need to lock the statistics
     // when reading.
     return availabilityScore;
 }
 
 CNode::CNode(NodeId idIn, ServiceFlags nLocalServicesIn, SOCKET hSocketIn,
              const CAddress &addrIn, uint64_t nKeyedNetGroupIn,
              uint64_t nLocalHostNonceIn, uint64_t nLocalExtraEntropyIn,
              const CAddress &addrBindIn, const std::string &addrNameIn,
              ConnectionType conn_type_in, bool inbound_onion)
     : m_connected(GetTime<std::chrono::seconds>()), addr(addrIn),
       addrBind(addrBindIn), m_inbound_onion(inbound_onion),
       nKeyedNetGroup(nKeyedNetGroupIn),
       // Don't relay addr messages to peers that we connect to as
       // block-relay-only peers (to prevent adversaries from inferring these
       // links from addr traffic).
       id(idIn), nLocalHostNonce(nLocalHostNonceIn),
       nLocalExtraEntropy(nLocalExtraEntropyIn), m_conn_type(conn_type_in),
       nLocalServices(nLocalServicesIn) {
     if (inbound_onion) {
         assert(conn_type_in == ConnectionType::INBOUND);
     }
     hSocket = hSocketIn;
     addrName = addrNameIn == "" ? addr.ToStringIPPort() : addrNameIn;
     if (conn_type_in != ConnectionType::BLOCK_RELAY) {
         m_tx_relay = std::make_unique<TxRelay>();
     }
 
     // Don't relay proofs if avalanche is disabled
     if (isAvalancheEnabled(gArgs)) {
         m_proof_relay = std::make_unique<ProofRelay>();
     }
 
     for (const std::string &msg : getAllNetMessageTypes()) {
         mapRecvBytesPerMsgCmd[msg] = 0;
     }
     mapRecvBytesPerMsgCmd[NET_MESSAGE_COMMAND_OTHER] = 0;
 
     if (fLogIPs) {
         LogPrint(BCLog::NET, "Added connection to %s peer=%d\n", addrName, id);
     } else {
         LogPrint(BCLog::NET, "Added connection peer=%d\n", id);
     }
 
     m_deserializer = std::make_unique<V1TransportDeserializer>(
         V1TransportDeserializer(GetConfig().GetChainParams().NetMagic(),
                                 SER_NETWORK, INIT_PROTO_VERSION));
     m_serializer =
         std::make_unique<V1TransportSerializer>(V1TransportSerializer());
 }
 
 CNode::~CNode() {
     CloseSocket(hSocket);
 }
 
 bool CConnman::NodeFullyConnected(const CNode *pnode) {
     return pnode && pnode->fSuccessfullyConnected && !pnode->fDisconnect;
 }
 
 void CConnman::PushMessage(CNode *pnode, CSerializedNetMsg &&msg) {
     size_t nMessageSize = msg.data.size();
     LogPrint(BCLog::NET, "sending %s (%d bytes) peer=%d\n",
              SanitizeString(msg.m_type), nMessageSize, pnode->GetId());
 
     // make sure we use the appropriate network transport format
     std::vector<uint8_t> serializedHeader;
     pnode->m_serializer->prepareForTransport(*config, msg, serializedHeader);
     size_t nTotalSize = nMessageSize + serializedHeader.size();
 
     size_t nBytesSent = 0;
     {
         LOCK(pnode->cs_vSend);
         bool optimisticSend(pnode->vSendMsg.empty());
 
         // log total amount of bytes per message type
         pnode->mapSendBytesPerMsgCmd[msg.m_type] += nTotalSize;
         pnode->nSendSize += nTotalSize;
 
         if (pnode->nSendSize > nSendBufferMaxSize) {
             pnode->fPauseSend = true;
         }
         pnode->vSendMsg.push_back(std::move(serializedHeader));
         if (nMessageSize) {
             pnode->vSendMsg.push_back(std::move(msg.data));
         }
 
         // If write queue empty, attempt "optimistic write"
         if (optimisticSend == true) {
             nBytesSent = SocketSendData(*pnode);
         }
     }
     if (nBytesSent) {
         RecordBytesSent(nBytesSent);
     }
 }
 
 bool CConnman::ForNode(NodeId id, std::function<bool(CNode *pnode)> func) {
     CNode *found = nullptr;
     LOCK(cs_vNodes);
     for (auto &&pnode : vNodes) {
         if (pnode->GetId() == id) {
             found = pnode;
             break;
         }
     }
     return found != nullptr && NodeFullyConnected(found) && func(found);
 }
 
 std::chrono::microseconds
 CConnman::PoissonNextSendInbound(std::chrono::microseconds now,
                                  std::chrono::seconds average_interval) {
     if (m_next_send_inv_to_incoming.load() < now) {
         // If this function were called from multiple threads simultaneously
         // it would be possible that both update the next send variable, and
         // return a different result to their caller. This is not possible in
         // practice as only the net processing thread invokes this function.
         m_next_send_inv_to_incoming = PoissonNextSend(now, average_interval);
     }
     return m_next_send_inv_to_incoming;
 }
 
 std::chrono::microseconds
 PoissonNextSend(std::chrono::microseconds now,
                 std::chrono::seconds average_interval) {
     double unscaled = -log1p(GetRand(1ULL << 48) *
                              -0.0000000000000035527136788 /* -1/2^48 */);
     return now + std::chrono::duration_cast<std::chrono::microseconds>(
                      unscaled * average_interval + 0.5us);
 }
 
 CSipHasher CConnman::GetDeterministicRandomizer(uint64_t id) const {
     return CSipHasher(nSeed0, nSeed1).Write(id);
 }
 
 uint64_t CConnman::CalculateKeyedNetGroup(const CAddress &ad) const {
     std::vector<uint8_t> vchNetGroup(ad.GetGroup(addrman.m_asmap));
 
     return GetDeterministicRandomizer(RANDOMIZER_ID_NETGROUP)
         .Write(vchNetGroup.data(), vchNetGroup.size())
         .Finalize();
 }
 
 /**
  * This function convert MaxBlockSize from byte to
  * MB with a decimal precision one digit rounded down
  * E.g.
  * 1660000 -> 1.6
  * 2010000 -> 2.0
  * 1000000 -> 1.0
  * 230000  -> 0.2
  * 50000   -> 0.0
  *
  *  NB behavior for EB<1MB not standardized yet still
  *  the function applies the same algo used for
  *  EB greater or equal to 1MB
  */
 std::string getSubVersionEB(uint64_t MaxBlockSize) {
     // Prepare EB string we are going to add to SubVer:
     // 1) translate from byte to MB and convert to string
     // 2) limit the EB string to the first decimal digit (floored)
     std::stringstream ebMBs;
     ebMBs << (MaxBlockSize / (ONE_MEGABYTE / 10));
     std::string eb = ebMBs.str();
     eb.insert(eb.size() - 1, ".", 1);
     if (eb.substr(0, 1) == ".") {
         eb = "0" + eb;
     }
     return eb;
 }
 
 std::string userAgent(const Config &config) {
     // format excessive blocksize value
     std::string eb = getSubVersionEB(config.GetMaxBlockSize());
     std::vector<std::string> uacomments;
     uacomments.push_back("EB" + eb);
 
     // Comments are checked for char compliance at startup, it is safe to add
     // them to the user agent string
     for (const std::string &cmt : gArgs.GetArgs("-uacomment")) {
         uacomments.push_back(cmt);
     }
 
     const std::string client_name = gArgs.GetArg("-uaclientname", CLIENT_NAME);
     const std::string client_version =
         gArgs.GetArg("-uaclientversion", FormatVersion(CLIENT_VERSION));
 
     // Size compliance is checked at startup, it is safe to not check it again
     return FormatUserAgent(client_name, client_version, uacomments);
 }
diff --git a/src/netaddress.h b/src/netaddress.h
index 6febe0500..95d60e536 100644
--- a/src/netaddress.h
+++ b/src/netaddress.h
@@ -1,573 +1,576 @@
 // Copyright (c) 2009-2016 The Bitcoin Core developers
 // Distributed under the MIT software license, see the accompanying
 // file COPYING or http://www.opensource.org/licenses/mit-license.php.
 
 #ifndef BITCOIN_NETADDRESS_H
 #define BITCOIN_NETADDRESS_H
 
 #if defined(HAVE_CONFIG_H)
 #include <config/bitcoin-config.h>
 #endif
 
 #include <attributes.h>
 #include <compat.h>
 #include <prevector.h>
 #include <serialize.h>
 #include <util/strencodings.h>
 #include <util/string.h>
 
 #include <tinyformat.h>
 
 #include <array>
 #include <cstdint>
 #include <ios>
 #include <string>
 #include <vector>
 
 /**
  * A flag that is ORed into the protocol version to designate that addresses
  * should be serialized in (unserialized from) v2 format (BIP155).
  * Make sure that this does not collide with any of the values in `version.h`.
  */
 static constexpr int ADDRV2_FORMAT = 0x20000000;
 
 /**
  * A network type.
  * @note An address may belong to more than one network, for example `10.0.0.1`
  * belongs to both `NET_UNROUTABLE` and `NET_IPV4`.
  * Keep these sequential starting from 0 and `NET_MAX` as the last entry.
  * We have loops like `for (int i = 0; i < NET_MAX; ++i)` that expect to iterate
  * over all enum values and also `GetExtNetwork()` "extends" this enum by
  * introducing standalone constants starting from `NET_MAX`.
  */
 enum Network {
     /// Addresses from these networks are not publicly routable on the global
     /// Internet.
     NET_UNROUTABLE = 0,
 
     /// IPv4
     NET_IPV4,
 
     /// IPv6
     NET_IPV6,
 
     /// TOR (v2 or v3)
     NET_ONION,
 
     /// I2P
     NET_I2P,
 
     /// CJDNS
     NET_CJDNS,
 
     /// A set of addresses that represent the hash of a string or FQDN. We use
     /// them in CAddrMan to keep track of which DNS seeds were used.
     NET_INTERNAL,
 
     /// Dummy value to indicate the number of NET_* constants.
     NET_MAX,
 };
 
 /// Prefix of an IPv6 address when it contains an embedded IPv4 address.
 /// Used when (un)serializing addresses in ADDRv1 format (pre-BIP155).
 static const std::array<uint8_t, 12> IPV4_IN_IPV6_PREFIX{
     {0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0xFF, 0xFF}};
 
 /// Prefix of an IPv6 address when it contains an embedded TORv2 address.
 /// Used when (un)serializing addresses in ADDRv1 format (pre-BIP155).
 /// Such dummy IPv6 addresses are guaranteed to not be publicly routable as they
 /// fall under RFC4193's fc00::/7 subnet allocated to unique-local addresses.
 static const std::array<uint8_t, 6> TORV2_IN_IPV6_PREFIX{
     {0xFD, 0x87, 0xD8, 0x7E, 0xEB, 0x43}};
 
 /// Prefix of an IPv6 address when it contains an embedded "internal" address.
 /// Used when (un)serializing addresses in ADDRv1 format (pre-BIP155).
 /// The prefix comes from 0xFD + SHA256("bitcoin")[0:5].
 /// Such dummy IPv6 addresses are guaranteed to not be publicly routable as they
 /// fall under RFC4193's fc00::/7 subnet allocated to unique-local addresses.
 static const std::array<uint8_t, 6> INTERNAL_IN_IPV6_PREFIX{
     // 0xFD + sha256("bitcoin")[0:5].
     {0xFD, 0x6B, 0x88, 0xC0, 0x87, 0x24}};
 
 /// Size of IPv4 address (in bytes).
 static constexpr size_t ADDR_IPV4_SIZE = 4;
 
 /// Size of IPv6 address (in bytes).
 static constexpr size_t ADDR_IPV6_SIZE = 16;
 
 /// Size of TORv2 address (in bytes).
 static constexpr size_t ADDR_TORV2_SIZE = 10;
 
 /// Size of TORv3 address (in bytes). This is the length of just the address
 /// as used in BIP155, without the checksum and the version byte.
 static constexpr size_t ADDR_TORV3_SIZE = 32;
 
 /// Size of I2P address (in bytes).
 static constexpr size_t ADDR_I2P_SIZE = 32;
 
 /// Size of CJDNS address (in bytes).
 static constexpr size_t ADDR_CJDNS_SIZE = 16;
 
 /// Size of "internal" (NET_INTERNAL) address (in bytes).
 static constexpr size_t ADDR_INTERNAL_SIZE = 10;
 
+/// SAM 3.1 and earlier do not support specifying ports and force the port to 0.
+static constexpr uint16_t I2P_SAM31_PORT{0};
+
 /**
  * Network address.
  */
 class CNetAddr {
 protected:
     /**
      * Raw representation of the network address.
      * In network byte order (big endian) for IPv4 and IPv6.
      */
     prevector<ADDR_IPV6_SIZE, uint8_t> m_addr{ADDR_IPV6_SIZE, 0x0};
 
     /**
      * Network to which this address belongs.
      */
     Network m_net{NET_IPV6};
 
     /**
      * Scope id if scoped/link-local IPV6 address.
      * See https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc4007
      */
     uint32_t m_scope_id{0};
 
 public:
     CNetAddr();
     explicit CNetAddr(const struct in_addr &ipv4Addr);
     void SetIP(const CNetAddr &ip);
 
     /**
      * Set from a legacy IPv6 address.
      * Legacy IPv6 address may be a normal IPv6 address, or another address
      * (e.g. IPv4) disguised as IPv6. This encoding is used in the legacy
      * `addr` encoding.
      */
     void SetLegacyIPv6(Span<const uint8_t> ipv6);
 
     bool SetInternal(const std::string &name);
 
     /**
      * Parse a Tor or I2P address and set this object to it.
      * @param[in] addr Address to parse, for example
      * pg6mmjiyjmcrsslvykfwnntlaru7p5svn6y2ymmju6nubxndf4pscryd.onion or
      * ukeu3k5oycgaauneqgtnvselmt4yemvoilkln7jpvamvfx7dnkdq.b32.i2p.
      * @returns Whether the operation was successful.
      * @see CNetAddr::IsTor(), CNetAddr::IsI2P()
      */
     bool SetSpecial(const std::string &addr);
 
     // INADDR_ANY equivalent
     bool IsBindAny() const;
     // IPv4 mapped address (::FFFF:0:0/96, 0.0.0.0/0)
     bool IsIPv4() const;
     // IPv6 address (not mapped IPv4, not Tor)
     bool IsIPv6() const;
     // IPv4 private networks (10.0.0.0/8, 192.168.0.0/16, 172.16.0.0/12)
     bool IsRFC1918() const;
     // IPv4 inter-network communications (198.18.0.0/15)
     bool IsRFC2544() const;
     // IPv4 ISP-level NAT (100.64.0.0/10)
     bool IsRFC6598() const;
     // IPv4 documentation addresses (192.0.2.0/24, 198.51.100.0/24,
     // 203.0.113.0/24)
     bool IsRFC5737() const;
     // IPv6 documentation address (2001:0DB8::/32)
     bool IsRFC3849() const;
     // IPv4 autoconfig (169.254.0.0/16)
     bool IsRFC3927() const;
     // IPv6 6to4 tunnelling (2002::/16)
     bool IsRFC3964() const;
     // IPv6 unique local (FC00::/7)
     bool IsRFC4193() const;
     // IPv6 Teredo tunnelling (2001::/32)
     bool IsRFC4380() const;
     // IPv6 ORCHID (deprecated) (2001:10::/28)
     bool IsRFC4843() const;
     // IPv6 ORCHIDv2 (2001:20::/28)
     bool IsRFC7343() const;
     // IPv6 autoconfig (FE80::/64)
     bool IsRFC4862() const;
     // IPv6 well-known prefix for IPv4-embedded address (64:FF9B::/96)
     bool IsRFC6052() const;
     // IPv6 IPv4-translated address (::FFFF:0:0:0/96) (actually defined in
     // RFC2765)
     bool IsRFC6145() const;
     // IPv6 Hurricane Electric - https://he.net (2001:0470::/36)
     bool IsHeNet() const;
     bool IsTor() const;
     bool IsI2P() const;
     bool IsCJDNS() const;
     bool IsLocal() const;
     bool IsRoutable() const;
     bool IsInternal() const;
     bool IsValid() const;
 
     /**
      * Check if the current object can be serialized in pre-ADDRv2/BIP155
      * format.
      */
     bool IsAddrV1Compatible() const;
 
     enum Network GetNetwork() const;
     std::string ToString() const;
     std::string ToStringIP() const;
     uint64_t GetHash() const;
     bool GetInAddr(struct in_addr *pipv4Addr) const;
     Network GetNetClass() const;
 
     //! For IPv4, mapped IPv4, SIIT translated IPv4, Teredo, 6to4 tunneled
     //! addresses, return the relevant IPv4 address as a uint32.
     uint32_t GetLinkedIPv4() const;
     //! Whether this address has a linked IPv4 address (see GetLinkedIPv4()).
     bool HasLinkedIPv4() const;
 
     // The AS on the BGP path to the node we use to diversify
     // peers in AddrMan bucketing based on the AS infrastructure.
     // The ip->AS mapping depends on how asmap is constructed.
     uint32_t GetMappedAS(const std::vector<bool> &asmap) const;
 
     std::vector<uint8_t> GetGroup(const std::vector<bool> &asmap) const;
     std::vector<uint8_t> GetAddrBytes() const;
     int GetReachabilityFrom(const CNetAddr *paddrPartner = nullptr) const;
 
     explicit CNetAddr(const struct in6_addr &pipv6Addr,
                       const uint32_t scope = 0);
     bool GetIn6Addr(struct in6_addr *pipv6Addr) const;
 
     friend bool operator==(const CNetAddr &a, const CNetAddr &b);
     friend bool operator!=(const CNetAddr &a, const CNetAddr &b) {
         return !(a == b);
     }
     friend bool operator<(const CNetAddr &a, const CNetAddr &b);
 
     /**
      * Whether this address should be relayed to other peers even if we can't
      * reach it ourselves.
      */
     bool IsRelayable() const { return IsIPv4() || IsIPv6() || IsTor(); }
 
     /**
      * Serialize to a stream.
      */
     template <typename Stream> void Serialize(Stream &s) const {
         if (s.GetVersion() & ADDRV2_FORMAT) {
             SerializeV2Stream(s);
         } else {
             SerializeV1Stream(s);
         }
     }
 
     /**
      * Unserialize from a stream.
      */
     template <typename Stream> void Unserialize(Stream &s) {
         if (s.GetVersion() & ADDRV2_FORMAT) {
             UnserializeV2Stream(s);
         } else {
             UnserializeV1Stream(s);
         }
     }
 
     friend class CSubNet;
 
 private:
     /**
      * Parse a Tor address and set this object to it.
      * @param[in] addr Address to parse, must be a valid C string, for example
      * pg6mmjiyjmcrsslvykfwnntlaru7p5svn6y2ymmju6nubxndf4pscryd.onion or
      * 6hzph5hv6337r6p2.onion.
      * @returns Whether the operation was successful.
      * @see CNetAddr::IsTor()
      */
     bool SetTor(const std::string &addr);
 
     /**
      * Parse an I2P address and set this object to it.
      * @param[in] addr Address to parse, must be a valid C string, for example
      * ukeu3k5oycgaauneqgtnvselmt4yemvoilkln7jpvamvfx7dnkdq.b32.i2p.
      * @returns Whether the operation was successful.
      * @see CNetAddr::IsI2P()
      */
     bool SetI2P(const std::string &addr);
 
     /**
      * BIP155 network ids recognized by this software.
      */
     enum BIP155Network : uint8_t {
         IPV4 = 1,
         IPV6 = 2,
         TORV2 = 3,
         TORV3 = 4,
         I2P = 5,
         CJDNS = 6,
     };
 
     /**
      * Size of CNetAddr when serialized as ADDRv1 (pre-BIP155) (in bytes).
      */
     static constexpr size_t V1_SERIALIZATION_SIZE = ADDR_IPV6_SIZE;
 
     /**
      * Maximum size of an address as defined in BIP155 (in bytes).
      * This is only the size of the address, not the entire CNetAddr object
      * when serialized.
      */
     static constexpr size_t MAX_ADDRV2_SIZE = 512;
 
     /**
      * Get the BIP155 network id of this address.
      * Must not be called for IsInternal() objects.
      * @returns BIP155 network id
      */
     BIP155Network GetBIP155Network() const;
 
     /**
      * Set `m_net` from the provided BIP155 network id and size after
      * validation.
      * @retval true the network was recognized, is valid and `m_net` was set
      * @retval false not recognised (from future?) and should be silently
      * ignored
      * @throws std::ios_base::failure if the network is one of the BIP155
      * founding networks recognized by this software (id 1..6) with wrong
      * address size.
      */
     bool SetNetFromBIP155Network(uint8_t possible_bip155_net,
                                  size_t address_size);
 
     /**
      * Serialize in pre-ADDRv2/BIP155 format to an array.
      */
     void SerializeV1Array(uint8_t (&arr)[V1_SERIALIZATION_SIZE]) const {
         size_t prefix_size;
 
         switch (m_net) {
             case NET_IPV6:
                 assert(m_addr.size() == sizeof(arr));
                 memcpy(arr, m_addr.data(), m_addr.size());
                 return;
             case NET_IPV4:
                 prefix_size = sizeof(IPV4_IN_IPV6_PREFIX);
                 assert(prefix_size + m_addr.size() == sizeof(arr));
                 memcpy(arr, IPV4_IN_IPV6_PREFIX.data(), prefix_size);
                 memcpy(arr + prefix_size, m_addr.data(), m_addr.size());
                 return;
             case NET_ONION:
                 if (m_addr.size() == ADDR_TORV3_SIZE) {
                     break;
                 }
                 prefix_size = sizeof(TORV2_IN_IPV6_PREFIX);
                 assert(prefix_size + m_addr.size() == sizeof(arr));
                 memcpy(arr, TORV2_IN_IPV6_PREFIX.data(), prefix_size);
                 memcpy(arr + prefix_size, m_addr.data(), m_addr.size());
                 return;
             case NET_INTERNAL:
                 prefix_size = sizeof(INTERNAL_IN_IPV6_PREFIX);
                 assert(prefix_size + m_addr.size() == sizeof(arr));
                 memcpy(arr, INTERNAL_IN_IPV6_PREFIX.data(), prefix_size);
                 memcpy(arr + prefix_size, m_addr.data(), m_addr.size());
                 return;
             case NET_I2P:
                 break;
             case NET_CJDNS:
                 break;
             case NET_UNROUTABLE:
             case NET_MAX:
                 assert(false);
         } // no default case, so the compiler can warn about missing cases
 
         // Serialize TORv3, I2P and CJDNS as all-zeros.
         memset(arr, 0x0, V1_SERIALIZATION_SIZE);
     }
 
     /**
      * Serialize in pre-ADDRv2/BIP155 format to a stream.
      */
     template <typename Stream> void SerializeV1Stream(Stream &s) const {
         uint8_t serialized[V1_SERIALIZATION_SIZE];
 
         SerializeV1Array(serialized);
 
         s << serialized;
     }
 
     /**
      * Serialize as ADDRv2 / BIP155.
      */
     template <typename Stream> void SerializeV2Stream(Stream &s) const {
         if (IsInternal()) {
             // Serialize NET_INTERNAL as embedded in IPv6. We need to
             // serialize such addresses from addrman.
             s << static_cast<uint8_t>(BIP155Network::IPV6);
             s << COMPACTSIZE(ADDR_IPV6_SIZE);
             SerializeV1Stream(s);
             return;
         }
 
         s << static_cast<uint8_t>(GetBIP155Network());
         s << m_addr;
     }
 
     /**
      * Unserialize from a pre-ADDRv2/BIP155 format from an array.
      */
     void UnserializeV1Array(uint8_t (&arr)[V1_SERIALIZATION_SIZE]) {
         // Use SetLegacyIPv6() so that m_net is set correctly. For example
         // ::FFFF:0102:0304 should be set as m_net=NET_IPV4 (1.2.3.4).
         SetLegacyIPv6(arr);
     }
 
     /**
      * Unserialize from a pre-ADDRv2/BIP155 format from a stream.
      */
     template <typename Stream> void UnserializeV1Stream(Stream &s) {
         uint8_t serialized[V1_SERIALIZATION_SIZE];
 
         s >> serialized;
 
         UnserializeV1Array(serialized);
     }
 
     /**
      * Unserialize from a ADDRv2 / BIP155 format.
      */
     template <typename Stream> void UnserializeV2Stream(Stream &s) {
         uint8_t bip155_net;
         s >> bip155_net;
 
         size_t address_size;
         s >> COMPACTSIZE(address_size);
 
         if (address_size > MAX_ADDRV2_SIZE) {
             throw std::ios_base::failure(strprintf(
                 "Address too long: %u > %u", address_size, MAX_ADDRV2_SIZE));
         }
 
         m_scope_id = 0;
 
         if (SetNetFromBIP155Network(bip155_net, address_size)) {
             m_addr.resize(address_size);
             s >> MakeSpan(m_addr);
 
             if (m_net != NET_IPV6) {
                 return;
             }
 
             // Do some special checks on IPv6 addresses.
 
             // Recognize NET_INTERNAL embedded in IPv6, such addresses are not
             // gossiped but could be coming from addrman, when unserializing
             // from disk.
             if (HasPrefix(m_addr, INTERNAL_IN_IPV6_PREFIX)) {
                 m_net = NET_INTERNAL;
                 memmove(m_addr.data(),
                         m_addr.data() + INTERNAL_IN_IPV6_PREFIX.size(),
                         ADDR_INTERNAL_SIZE);
                 m_addr.resize(ADDR_INTERNAL_SIZE);
                 return;
             }
 
             if (!HasPrefix(m_addr, IPV4_IN_IPV6_PREFIX) &&
                 !HasPrefix(m_addr, TORV2_IN_IPV6_PREFIX)) {
                 return;
             }
 
             // IPv4 and TORv2 are not supposed to be embedded in IPv6 (like in
             // V1 encoding). Unserialize as !IsValid(), thus ignoring them.
         } else {
             // If we receive an unknown BIP155 network id (from the future?)
             // then ignore the address - unserialize as !IsValid().
             s.ignore(address_size);
         }
 
         // Mimic a default-constructed CNetAddr object which is !IsValid() and
         // thus will not be gossiped, but continue reading next addresses from
         // the stream.
         m_net = NET_IPV6;
         m_addr.assign(ADDR_IPV6_SIZE, 0x0);
     }
 };
 
 class CSubNet {
 protected:
     /// Network (base) address
     CNetAddr network;
     /// Netmask, in network byte order
     uint8_t netmask[16];
     /// Is this value valid? (only used to signal parse errors)
     bool valid;
 
     bool SanityCheck() const;
 
 public:
     CSubNet();
     CSubNet(const CNetAddr &addr, uint8_t mask);
     CSubNet(const CNetAddr &addr, const CNetAddr &mask);
 
     // constructor for single ip subnet (<ipv4>/32 or <ipv6>/128)
     explicit CSubNet(const CNetAddr &addr);
 
     bool Match(const CNetAddr &addr) const;
 
     std::string ToString() const;
     bool IsValid() const;
 
     friend bool operator==(const CSubNet &a, const CSubNet &b);
     friend bool operator!=(const CSubNet &a, const CSubNet &b) {
         return !(a == b);
     }
     friend bool operator<(const CSubNet &a, const CSubNet &b);
 
     SERIALIZE_METHODS(CSubNet, obj) {
         READWRITE(obj.network);
         if (obj.network.IsIPv4()) {
             // Before D9176, CSubNet used the last 4 bytes of netmask to store
             // the relevant bytes for an IPv4 mask. For compatiblity reasons,
             // keep doing so in serialized form.
             uint8_t dummy[12] = {0};
             READWRITE(dummy);
             READWRITE(MakeSpan(obj.netmask).first(4));
         } else {
             READWRITE(obj.netmask);
         }
         READWRITE(obj.valid);
         // Mark invalid if the result doesn't pass sanity checking.
         SER_READ(obj, if (obj.valid) obj.valid = obj.SanityCheck());
     }
 };
 
 /** A combination of a network address (CNetAddr) and a (TCP) port */
 class CService : public CNetAddr {
 protected:
     // host order
     uint16_t port;
 
 public:
     CService();
     CService(const CNetAddr &ip, uint16_t port);
     CService(const struct in_addr &ipv4Addr, uint16_t port);
     explicit CService(const struct sockaddr_in &addr);
     uint16_t GetPort() const;
     bool GetSockAddr(struct sockaddr *paddr, socklen_t *addrlen) const;
     bool SetSockAddr(const struct sockaddr *paddr);
     friend bool operator==(const CService &a, const CService &b);
     friend bool operator!=(const CService &a, const CService &b) {
         return !(a == b);
     }
     friend bool operator<(const CService &a, const CService &b);
     std::vector<uint8_t> GetKey() const;
     std::string ToString() const;
     std::string ToStringPort() const;
     std::string ToStringIPPort() const;
 
     CService(const struct in6_addr &ipv6Addr, uint16_t port);
     explicit CService(const struct sockaddr_in6 &addr);
 
     SERIALIZE_METHODS(CService, obj) {
         READWRITEAS(CNetAddr, obj);
         READWRITE(Using<BigEndianFormatter<2>>(obj.port));
     }
 };
 
 #endif // BITCOIN_NETADDRESS_H
diff --git a/test/functional/p2p_i2p_ports.py b/test/functional/p2p_i2p_ports.py
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..54d42b119
--- /dev/null
+++ b/test/functional/p2p_i2p_ports.py
@@ -0,0 +1,49 @@
+#!/usr/bin/env python3
+# Copyright (c) 2021-2021 The Bitcoin Core developers
+# Distributed under the MIT software license, see the accompanying
+# file COPYING or http://www.opensource.org/licenses/mit-license.php.
+"""
+Test ports handling for I2P hosts
+"""
+
+import re
+
+from test_framework.test_framework import BitcoinTestFramework
+
+
+class I2PPorts(BitcoinTestFramework):
+    def set_test_params(self):
+        self.num_nodes = 1
+        # The test assumes that an I2P SAM proxy is not listening here.
+        self.extra_args = [["-i2psam=127.0.0.1:60000"]]
+
+    def run_test(self):
+        node = self.nodes[0]
+
+        self.log.info("Ensure we don't try to connect if port!=0")
+        addr = "zsxwyo6qcn3chqzwxnseusqgsnuw3maqnztkiypyfxtya4snkoka.b32.i2p:8333"
+        raised = False
+        try:
+            with node.assert_debug_log(
+                    expected_msgs=[f"Error connecting to {addr}"]):
+                node.addnode(node=addr, command="onetry")
+        except AssertionError as e:
+            raised = True
+            if not re.search(
+                    r"Expected messages .* does not partially match log",
+                    str(e)):
+                raise AssertionError(
+                    f"Assertion raised as expected, but with an unexpected message: {str(e)}")
+        if not raised:
+            raise AssertionError("Assertion should have been raised")
+
+        self.log.info(
+            "Ensure we try to connect if port=0 and get an error due to missing I2P proxy")
+        addr = "h3r6bkn46qxftwja53pxiykntegfyfjqtnzbm6iv6r5mungmqgmq.b32.i2p:0"
+        with node.assert_debug_log(
+                expected_msgs=[f"Error connecting to {addr}"]):
+            node.addnode(node=addr, command="onetry")
+
+
+if __name__ == '__main__':
+    I2PPorts().main()