diff --git a/src/bitcoind.cpp b/src/bitcoind.cpp
index cee17bd22..e05f23edd 100644
--- a/src/bitcoind.cpp
+++ b/src/bitcoind.cpp
@@ -1,221 +1,221 @@
 // Copyright (c) 2009-2010 Satoshi Nakamoto
 // Copyright (c) 2009-2019 The Bitcoin Core developers
 // Distributed under the MIT software license, see the accompanying
 // file COPYING or http://www.opensource.org/licenses/mit-license.php.
 
 #if defined(HAVE_CONFIG_H)
 #include <config/bitcoin-config.h>
 #endif
 
 #include <chainparams.h>
 #include <clientversion.h>
 #include <compat.h>
 #include <config.h>
 #include <httprpc.h>
 #include <init.h>
 #include <interfaces/chain.h>
 #include <node/context.h>
 #include <noui.h>
 #include <shutdown.h>
 #include <ui_interface.h>
 #include <util/strencodings.h>
 #include <util/system.h>
 #include <util/threadnames.h>
 #include <util/translation.h>
 
 #include <functional>
 
 const std::function<std::string(const char *)> G_TRANSLATION_FUN = nullptr;
 
 /* Introduction text for doxygen: */
 
 /*! \mainpage Developer documentation
  *
  * \section intro_sec Introduction
  *
  * This is the developer documentation of Bitcoin ABC
  * (https://www.bitcoinabc.org/). Bitcoin ABC is a client for the digital
  * currency called Bitcoin Cash (https://www.bitcoincash.org/), which enables
  * instant payments to anyone, anywhere in the world. Bitcoin Cash uses
  * peer-to-peer technology to operate with no central authority: managing
  * transactions and issuing money are carried out collectively by the network.
  *
  * The software is a community-driven open source project, released under the
  * MIT license.
  *
  * \section Navigation
  * Use the buttons <code>Namespaces</code>, <code>Classes</code> or
  * <code>Files</code> at the top of the page to start navigating the code.
  */
 
 static void WaitForShutdown(NodeContext &node) {
     while (!ShutdownRequested()) {
         UninterruptibleSleep(std::chrono::milliseconds{200});
     }
     Interrupt(node);
 }
 
 //////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
 //
 // Start
 //
 static bool AppInit(int argc, char *argv[]) {
     // FIXME: Ideally, we'd like to build the config here, but that's currently
     // not possible as the whole application has too many global state. However,
     // this is a first step.
     auto &config = const_cast<Config &>(GetConfig());
     RPCServer rpcServer;
     HTTPRPCRequestProcessor httpRPCRequestProcessor(config, rpcServer);
 
     NodeContext node;
     bool fRet = false;
 
     util::ThreadSetInternalName("init");
 
     //
     // Parameters
     //
     // If Qt is used, parameters/bitcoin.conf are parsed in qt/bitcoin.cpp's
     // main()
     SetupServerArgs();
     std::string error;
     if (!gArgs.ParseParameters(argc, argv, error)) {
-        return InitError(
-            strprintf("Error parsing command line arguments: %s\n", error));
+        return InitError(Untranslated(
+            strprintf("Error parsing command line arguments: %s\n", error)));
     }
 
     // Process help and version before taking care about datadir
     if (HelpRequested(gArgs) || gArgs.IsArgSet("-version")) {
         std::string strUsage =
             PACKAGE_NAME " version " + FormatFullVersion() + "\n";
 
         if (gArgs.IsArgSet("-version")) {
             strUsage += FormatParagraph(LicenseInfo());
         } else {
             strUsage += "\nUsage:  bitcoind [options]                     "
                         "Start " PACKAGE_NAME "\n";
             strUsage += "\n" + gArgs.GetHelpMessage();
         }
 
         tfm::format(std::cout, "%s", strUsage);
         return true;
     }
 
     try {
         if (!CheckDataDirOption()) {
-            return InitError(
+            return InitError(Untranslated(
                 strprintf("Specified data directory \"%s\" does not exist.\n",
-                          gArgs.GetArg("-datadir", "")));
+                          gArgs.GetArg("-datadir", ""))));
         }
         if (!gArgs.ReadConfigFiles(error, true)) {
-            return InitError(
-                strprintf("Error reading configuration file: %s\n", error));
+            return InitError(Untranslated(
+                strprintf("Error reading configuration file: %s\n", error)));
         }
         // Check for -chain, -testnet or -regtest parameter (Params() calls are
         // only valid after this clause)
         try {
             SelectParams(gArgs.GetChainName());
             node.chain = interfaces::MakeChain(node, config.GetChainParams());
         } catch (const std::exception &e) {
-            return InitError(strprintf("%s\n", e.what()));
+            return InitError(Untranslated(strprintf("%s\n", e.what())));
         }
 
         // Make sure we create the net-specific data directory early on: if it
         // is new, this has a side effect of also creating
         // <datadir>/<net>/wallets/.
         //
         // TODO: this should be removed once GetDataDir() no longer creates the
         // wallets/ subdirectory.
         // See more info at:
         // https://reviews.bitcoinabc.org/D3312
         GetDataDir(true);
 
         // Error out when loose non-argument tokens are encountered on command
         // line
         for (int i = 1; i < argc; i++) {
             if (!IsSwitchChar(argv[i][0])) {
-                return InitError(
+                return InitError(Untranslated(
                     strprintf("Command line contains unexpected token '%s', "
                               "see bitcoind -h for a list of options.\n",
-                              argv[i]));
+                              argv[i])));
             }
         }
 
         // -server defaults to true for bitcoind but not for the GUI so do this
         // here
         gArgs.SoftSetBoolArg("-server", true);
         // Set this early so that parameter interactions go to console
         InitLogging();
         InitParameterInteraction();
         if (!AppInitBasicSetup()) {
             // InitError will have been called with detailed error, which ends
             // up on console
             return false;
         }
         if (!AppInitParameterInteraction(config)) {
             // InitError will have been called with detailed error, which ends
             // up on console
             return false;
         }
         if (!AppInitSanityChecks()) {
             // InitError will have been called with detailed error, which ends
             // up on console
             return false;
         }
         if (gArgs.GetBoolArg("-daemon", false)) {
 #if HAVE_DECL_DAEMON
 #if defined(MAC_OSX)
 #pragma GCC diagnostic push
 #pragma GCC diagnostic ignored "-Wdeprecated-declarations"
 #endif
             tfm::format(std::cout, PACKAGE_NAME " starting\n");
 
             // Daemonize
             if (daemon(1, 0)) {
                 // don't chdir (1), do close FDs (0)
-                return InitError(
-                    strprintf("daemon() failed: %s\n", strerror(errno)));
+                return InitError(Untranslated(
+                    strprintf("daemon() failed: %s\n", strerror(errno))));
             }
 #if defined(MAC_OSX)
 #pragma GCC diagnostic pop
 #endif
 #else
-            return InitError(
-                "-daemon is not supported on this operating system\n");
+            return InitError(Untranslated(
+                "-daemon is not supported on this operating system\n"));
 #endif // HAVE_DECL_DAEMON
         }
 
         // Lock data directory after daemonization
         if (!AppInitLockDataDirectory()) {
             // If locking the data directory failed, exit immediately
             return false;
         }
         fRet = AppInitMain(config, rpcServer, httpRPCRequestProcessor, node);
     } catch (const std::exception &e) {
         PrintExceptionContinue(&e, "AppInit()");
     } catch (...) {
         PrintExceptionContinue(nullptr, "AppInit()");
     }
 
     if (!fRet) {
         Interrupt(node);
     } else {
         WaitForShutdown(node);
     }
     Shutdown(node);
 
     return fRet;
 }
 
 int main(int argc, char *argv[]) {
 #ifdef WIN32
     util::WinCmdLineArgs winArgs;
     std::tie(argc, argv) = winArgs.get();
 #endif
     SetupEnvironment();
 
     // Connect bitcoind signal handlers
     noui_connect();
 
     return (AppInit(argc, argv) ? EXIT_SUCCESS : EXIT_FAILURE);
 }
diff --git a/src/init.cpp b/src/init.cpp
index 666293c5e..3f88c3f8c 100644
--- a/src/init.cpp
+++ b/src/init.cpp
@@ -1,2801 +1,2779 @@
 // Copyright (c) 2009-2010 Satoshi Nakamoto
 // Copyright (c) 2009-2018 The Bitcoin Core developers
 // Distributed under the MIT software license, see the accompanying
 // file COPYING or http://www.opensource.org/licenses/mit-license.php.
 
 #if defined(HAVE_CONFIG_H)
 #include <config/bitcoin-config.h>
 #endif
 
 #include <init.h>
 
 #include <addrman.h>
 #include <amount.h>
 #include <avalanche/processor.h>
 #include <banman.h>
 #include <blockdb.h>
 #include <blockfilter.h>
 #include <chain.h>
 #include <chainparams.h>
 #include <checkpoints.h>
 #include <compat/sanity.h>
 #include <config.h>
 #include <consensus/validation.h>
 #include <flatfile.h>
 #include <fs.h>
 #include <httprpc.h>
 #include <httpserver.h>
 #include <index/blockfilterindex.h>
 #include <index/txindex.h>
 #include <interfaces/chain.h>
 #include <key.h>
 #include <miner.h>
 #include <net.h>
 #include <net_permissions.h>
 #include <net_processing.h>
 #include <netbase.h>
 #include <node/context.h>
 #include <policy/mempool.h>
 #include <policy/policy.h>
 #include <policy/settings.h>
 #include <rpc/blockchain.h>
 #include <rpc/register.h>
 #include <rpc/server.h>
 #include <rpc/util.h>
 #include <scheduler.h>
 #include <script/scriptcache.h>
 #include <script/sigcache.h>
 #include <script/standard.h>
 #include <shutdown.h>
 #include <timedata.h>
 #include <torcontrol.h>
 #include <txdb.h>
 #include <txmempool.h>
 #include <ui_interface.h>
 #include <util/moneystr.h>
 #include <util/threadnames.h>
 #include <util/translation.h>
 #include <util/validation.h>
 #include <validation.h>
 #include <validationinterface.h>
 #include <walletinitinterface.h>
 
 #include <boost/algorithm/string/classification.hpp>
 #include <boost/algorithm/string/replace.hpp>
 #include <boost/algorithm/string/split.hpp>
 #include <boost/thread.hpp>
 
 #if ENABLE_ZMQ
 #include <zmq/zmqabstractnotifier.h>
 #include <zmq/zmqnotificationinterface.h>
 #include <zmq/zmqrpc.h>
 #endif
 
 #ifndef WIN32
 #include <attributes.h>
 #include <cerrno>
 #include <csignal>
 #include <sys/stat.h>
 #endif
 #include <cstdint>
 #include <cstdio>
 
 static const bool DEFAULT_PROXYRANDOMIZE = true;
 static const bool DEFAULT_REST_ENABLE = false;
 static const bool DEFAULT_STOPAFTERBLOCKIMPORT = false;
 
 #ifdef WIN32
 // Win32 LevelDB doesn't use filedescriptors, and the ones used for accessing
 // block files don't count towards the fd_set size limit anyway.
 #define MIN_CORE_FILEDESCRIPTORS 0
 #else
 #define MIN_CORE_FILEDESCRIPTORS 150
 #endif
 
 /**
  * The PID file facilities.
  */
 static const char *BITCOIN_PID_FILENAME = "bitcoind.pid";
 
 static fs::path GetPidFile() {
     return AbsPathForConfigVal(
         fs::path(gArgs.GetArg("-pid", BITCOIN_PID_FILENAME)));
 }
 
 NODISCARD static bool CreatePidFile() {
     fsbridge::ofstream file{GetPidFile()};
     if (file) {
 #ifdef WIN32
         tfm::format(file, "%d\n", GetCurrentProcessId());
 #else
         tfm::format(file, "%d\n", getpid());
 #endif
         return true;
     } else {
-        return InitError(
-            strprintf(_("Unable to create the PID file '%s': %s").translated,
-                      GetPidFile().string(), std::strerror(errno)));
+        return InitError(strprintf(_("Unable to create the PID file '%s': %s"),
+                                   GetPidFile().string(),
+                                   std::strerror(errno)));
     }
 }
 
 //////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
 //
 // Shutdown
 //
 
 //
 // Thread management and startup/shutdown:
 //
 // The network-processing threads are all part of a thread group created by
 // AppInit() or the Qt main() function.
 //
 // A clean exit happens when StartShutdown() or the SIGTERM signal handler sets
 // fRequestShutdown, which makes main thread's WaitForShutdown() interrupts the
 // thread group.
 // And then, WaitForShutdown() makes all other on-going threads in the thread
 // group join the main thread.
 // Shutdown() is then called to clean up database connections, and stop other
 // threads that should only be stopped after the main network-processing threads
 // have exited.
 //
 // Shutdown for Qt is very similar, only it uses a QTimer to detect
 // ShutdownRequested() getting set, and then does the normal Qt shutdown thing.
 //
 
 static std::unique_ptr<ECCVerifyHandle> globalVerifyHandle;
 
 static boost::thread_group threadGroup;
 
 void Interrupt(NodeContext &node) {
     InterruptHTTPServer();
     InterruptHTTPRPC();
     InterruptRPC();
     InterruptREST();
     InterruptTorControl();
     InterruptMapPort();
     if (g_avalanche) {
         // Avalanche needs to be stopped before we interrupt the thread group as
         // the scheduler will stop working then.
         g_avalanche->stopEventLoop();
     }
     if (node.connman) {
         node.connman->Interrupt();
     }
     if (g_txindex) {
         g_txindex->Interrupt();
     }
     ForEachBlockFilterIndex([](BlockFilterIndex &index) { index.Interrupt(); });
 }
 
 void Shutdown(NodeContext &node) {
     LogPrintf("%s: In progress...\n", __func__);
     static RecursiveMutex cs_Shutdown;
     TRY_LOCK(cs_Shutdown, lockShutdown);
     if (!lockShutdown) {
         return;
     }
 
     /// Note: Shutdown() must be able to handle cases in which initialization
     /// failed part of the way, for example if the data directory was found to
     /// be locked. Be sure that anything that writes files or flushes caches
     /// only does this if the respective module was initialized.
     util::ThreadRename("shutoff");
     g_mempool.AddTransactionsUpdated(1);
 
     StopHTTPRPC();
     StopREST();
     StopRPC();
     StopHTTPServer();
     for (const auto &client : node.chain_clients) {
         client->flush();
     }
     StopMapPort();
 
     // Because avalanche and the network depend on each other, it is important
     // to shut them down in this order:
     // 1. Stop avalanche event loop.
     // 2. Shutdown network processing.
     // 3. Destroy avalanche::Processor.
     // 4. Destroy CConnman
     if (g_avalanche) {
         g_avalanche->stopEventLoop();
     }
 
     // Because these depend on each-other, we make sure that neither can be
     // using the other before destroying them.
     if (node.peer_logic) {
         UnregisterValidationInterface(node.peer_logic.get());
     }
     if (node.connman) {
         node.connman->Stop();
     }
     if (g_txindex) {
         g_txindex->Stop();
     }
     ForEachBlockFilterIndex([](BlockFilterIndex &index) { index.Stop(); });
 
     StopTorControl();
 
     // After everything has been shut down, but before things get flushed, stop
     // the CScheduler/checkqueue threadGroup
     if (node.scheduler) {
         node.scheduler->stop();
     }
     threadGroup.interrupt_all();
     threadGroup.join_all();
 
     // After the threads that potentially access these pointers have been
     // stopped, destruct and reset all to nullptr.
     node.peer_logic.reset();
 
     // Destroy various global instances
     g_avalanche.reset();
     node.connman.reset();
     node.banman.reset();
     g_txindex.reset();
     DestroyAllBlockFilterIndexes();
 
     if (::g_mempool.IsLoaded() &&
         gArgs.GetArg("-persistmempool", DEFAULT_PERSIST_MEMPOOL)) {
         DumpMempool(::g_mempool);
     }
 
     // FlushStateToDisk generates a ChainStateFlushed callback, which we should
     // avoid missing
     // g_chainstate is referenced here directly (instead of
     // ::ChainstateActive()) because it may not have been initialized yet.
     {
         LOCK(cs_main);
         if (g_chainstate && g_chainstate->CanFlushToDisk()) {
             g_chainstate->ForceFlushStateToDisk();
         }
     }
 
     // After there are no more peers/RPC left to give us new data which may
     // generate CValidationInterface callbacks, flush them...
     GetMainSignals().FlushBackgroundCallbacks();
 
     // Any future callbacks will be dropped. This should absolutely be safe - if
     // missing a callback results in an unrecoverable situation, unclean
     // shutdown would too. The only reason to do the above flushes is to let the
     // wallet catch up with our current chain to avoid any strange pruning edge
     // cases and make next startup faster by avoiding rescan.
 
     {
         LOCK(cs_main);
         if (g_chainstate && g_chainstate->CanFlushToDisk()) {
             g_chainstate->ForceFlushStateToDisk();
             g_chainstate->ResetCoinsViews();
         }
         pblocktree.reset();
     }
     for (const auto &client : node.chain_clients) {
         client->stop();
     }
 
 #if ENABLE_ZMQ
     if (g_zmq_notification_interface) {
         UnregisterValidationInterface(g_zmq_notification_interface);
         delete g_zmq_notification_interface;
         g_zmq_notification_interface = nullptr;
     }
 #endif
 
     try {
         if (!fs::remove(GetPidFile())) {
             LogPrintf("%s: Unable to remove PID file: File does not exist\n",
                       __func__);
         }
     } catch (const fs::filesystem_error &e) {
         LogPrintf("%s: Unable to remove PID file: %s\n", __func__,
                   fsbridge::get_filesystem_error_message(e));
     }
     node.chain_clients.clear();
     UnregisterAllValidationInterfaces();
     GetMainSignals().UnregisterBackgroundSignalScheduler();
     globalVerifyHandle.reset();
     ECC_Stop();
     if (node.mempool) {
         node.mempool = nullptr;
     }
     node.scheduler.reset();
     LogPrintf("%s: done\n", __func__);
 }
 
 /**
  * Signal handlers are very limited in what they are allowed to do.
  * The execution context the handler is invoked in is not guaranteed,
  * so we restrict handler operations to just touching variables:
  */
 #ifndef WIN32
 static void HandleSIGTERM(int) {
     StartShutdown();
 }
 
 static void HandleSIGHUP(int) {
     LogInstance().m_reopen_file = true;
 }
 #else
 static BOOL WINAPI consoleCtrlHandler(DWORD dwCtrlType) {
     StartShutdown();
     Sleep(INFINITE);
     return true;
 }
 #endif
 
 #ifndef WIN32
 static void registerSignalHandler(int signal, void (*handler)(int)) {
     struct sigaction sa;
     sa.sa_handler = handler;
     sigemptyset(&sa.sa_mask);
     sa.sa_flags = 0;
     sigaction(signal, &sa, NULL);
 }
 #endif
 
 static boost::signals2::connection rpc_notify_block_change_connection;
 static void OnRPCStarted() {
     rpc_notify_block_change_connection =
         uiInterface.NotifyBlockTip_connect(&RPCNotifyBlockChange);
 }
 
 static void OnRPCStopped() {
     rpc_notify_block_change_connection.disconnect();
     RPCNotifyBlockChange(false, nullptr);
     g_best_block_cv.notify_all();
     LogPrint(BCLog::RPC, "RPC stopped.\n");
 }
 
 void SetupServerArgs() {
     const auto defaultBaseParams =
         CreateBaseChainParams(CBaseChainParams::MAIN);
     const auto testnetBaseParams =
         CreateBaseChainParams(CBaseChainParams::TESTNET);
     const auto regtestBaseParams =
         CreateBaseChainParams(CBaseChainParams::REGTEST);
     const auto defaultChainParams = CreateChainParams(CBaseChainParams::MAIN);
     const auto testnetChainParams =
         CreateChainParams(CBaseChainParams::TESTNET);
     const auto regtestChainParams =
         CreateChainParams(CBaseChainParams::REGTEST);
 
     // Hidden Options
     std::vector<std::string> hidden_args = {
         "-h", "-help", "-dbcrashratio", "-forcecompactdb", "-parkdeepreorg",
         "-automaticunparking", "-replayprotectionactivationtime",
         "-enableminerfund",
         // GUI args. These will be overwritten by SetupUIArgs for the GUI
         "-allowselfsignedrootcertificates", "-choosedatadir", "-lang=<lang>",
         "-min", "-resetguisettings", "-rootcertificates=<file>", "-splash",
         "-uiplatform",
         // TODO remove after the November 2020 upgrade
         "-axionactivationtime"};
 
     // Set all of the args and their help
     // When adding new options to the categories, please keep and ensure
     // alphabetical ordering. Do not translate _(...) -help-debug options, Many
     // technical terms, and only a very small audience, so is unnecessary stress
     // to translators.
     gArgs.AddArg("-?", "Print this help message and exit",
                  ArgsManager::ALLOW_ANY, OptionsCategory::OPTIONS);
     gArgs.AddArg("-version", "Print version and exit", ArgsManager::ALLOW_ANY,
                  OptionsCategory::OPTIONS);
 #if defined(HAVE_SYSTEM)
     gArgs.AddArg("-alertnotify=<cmd>",
                  "Execute command when a relevant alert is received or we see "
                  "a really long fork (%s in cmd is replaced by message)",
                  ArgsManager::ALLOW_ANY, OptionsCategory::OPTIONS);
 #endif
     gArgs.AddArg(
         "-assumevalid=<hex>",
         strprintf(
             "If this block is in the chain assume that it and its ancestors "
             "are valid and potentially skip their script verification (0 to "
             "verify all, default: %s, testnet: %s)",
             defaultChainParams->GetConsensus().defaultAssumeValid.GetHex(),
             testnetChainParams->GetConsensus().defaultAssumeValid.GetHex()),
         ArgsManager::ALLOW_ANY, OptionsCategory::OPTIONS);
     gArgs.AddArg("-blocksdir=<dir>",
                  "Specify directory to hold blocks subdirectory for *.dat "
                  "files (default: <datadir>)",
                  ArgsManager::ALLOW_ANY, OptionsCategory::OPTIONS);
 #if defined(HAVE_SYSTEM)
     gArgs.AddArg("-blocknotify=<cmd>",
                  "Execute command when the best block changes (%s in cmd is "
                  "replaced by block hash)",
                  ArgsManager::ALLOW_ANY, OptionsCategory::OPTIONS);
 #endif
     gArgs.AddArg("-blockreconstructionextratxn=<n>",
                  strprintf("Extra transactions to keep in memory for compact "
                            "block reconstructions (default: %u)",
                            DEFAULT_BLOCK_RECONSTRUCTION_EXTRA_TXN),
                  ArgsManager::ALLOW_ANY, OptionsCategory::OPTIONS);
     gArgs.AddArg(
         "-blocksonly",
         strprintf(
             "Whether to reject transactions from network peers. Transactions "
             "from the wallet, RPC and relay whitelisted inbound peers RPC are"
             " not affected. (default: %u)",
             DEFAULT_BLOCKSONLY),
         ArgsManager::ALLOW_ANY, OptionsCategory::OPTIONS);
     gArgs.AddArg("-conf=<file>",
                  strprintf("Specify configuration file. Relative paths will be "
                            "prefixed by datadir location. (default: %s)",
                            BITCOIN_CONF_FILENAME),
                  ArgsManager::ALLOW_ANY, OptionsCategory::OPTIONS);
     gArgs.AddArg("-datadir=<dir>", "Specify data directory",
                  ArgsManager::ALLOW_ANY, OptionsCategory::OPTIONS);
     gArgs.AddArg(
         "-dbbatchsize",
         strprintf("Maximum database write batch size in bytes (default: %u)",
                   nDefaultDbBatchSize),
         ArgsManager::ALLOW_ANY | ArgsManager::DEBUG_ONLY,
         OptionsCategory::OPTIONS);
     gArgs.AddArg(
         "-dbcache=<n>",
         strprintf("Set database cache size in MiB (%d to %d, default: %d)",
                   nMinDbCache, nMaxDbCache, nDefaultDbCache),
         ArgsManager::ALLOW_ANY, OptionsCategory::OPTIONS);
     gArgs.AddArg("-debuglogfile=<file>",
                  strprintf("Specify location of debug log file. Relative paths "
                            "will be prefixed by a net-specific datadir "
                            "location. (0 to disable; default: %s)",
                            DEFAULT_DEBUGLOGFILE),
                  ArgsManager::ALLOW_ANY, OptionsCategory::OPTIONS);
     gArgs.AddArg("-feefilter",
                  strprintf("Tell other nodes to filter invs to us by our "
                            "mempool min fee (default: %d)",
                            DEFAULT_FEEFILTER),
                  ArgsManager::ALLOW_ANY | ArgsManager::DEBUG_ONLY,
                  OptionsCategory::OPTIONS);
     gArgs.AddArg("-finalizationdelay=<n>",
                  strprintf("Set the minimum amount of time to wait between a "
                            "block header reception and the block finalization. "
                            "Unit is seconds (default: %d)",
                            DEFAULT_MIN_FINALIZATION_DELAY),
                  ArgsManager::ALLOW_ANY, OptionsCategory::OPTIONS);
     gArgs.AddArg(
         "-includeconf=<file>",
         "Specify additional configuration file, relative to the -datadir path "
         "(only useable from configuration file, not command line)",
         ArgsManager::ALLOW_ANY, OptionsCategory::OPTIONS);
     gArgs.AddArg("-maxreorgdepth=<n>",
                  strprintf("Configure at what depth blocks are considered "
                            "final (default: %d). Use -1 to disable.",
                            DEFAULT_MAX_REORG_DEPTH),
                  ArgsManager::ALLOW_ANY, OptionsCategory::OPTIONS);
     gArgs.AddArg("-loadblock=<file>",
                  "Imports blocks from external blk000??.dat file on startup",
                  ArgsManager::ALLOW_ANY, OptionsCategory::OPTIONS);
     gArgs.AddArg("-maxmempool=<n>",
                  strprintf("Keep the transaction memory pool below <n> "
                            "megabytes (default: %u)",
                            DEFAULT_MAX_MEMPOOL_SIZE),
                  ArgsManager::ALLOW_ANY, OptionsCategory::OPTIONS);
     gArgs.AddArg("-maxorphantx=<n>",
                  strprintf("Keep at most <n> unconnectable transactions in "
                            "memory (default: %u)",
                            DEFAULT_MAX_ORPHAN_TRANSACTIONS),
                  ArgsManager::ALLOW_ANY, OptionsCategory::OPTIONS);
     gArgs.AddArg("-mempoolexpiry=<n>",
                  strprintf("Do not keep transactions in the mempool longer "
                            "than <n> hours (default: %u)",
                            DEFAULT_MEMPOOL_EXPIRY),
                  ArgsManager::ALLOW_ANY, OptionsCategory::OPTIONS);
     gArgs.AddArg(
         "-minimumchainwork=<hex>",
         strprintf(
             "Minimum work assumed to exist on a valid chain in hex "
             "(default: %s, testnet: %s)",
             defaultChainParams->GetConsensus().nMinimumChainWork.GetHex(),
             testnetChainParams->GetConsensus().nMinimumChainWork.GetHex()),
         ArgsManager::ALLOW_ANY | ArgsManager::DEBUG_ONLY,
         OptionsCategory::OPTIONS);
     gArgs.AddArg(
         "-par=<n>",
         strprintf("Set the number of script verification threads (%u to %d, 0 "
                   "= auto, <0 = leave that many cores free, default: %d)",
                   -GetNumCores(), MAX_SCRIPTCHECK_THREADS,
                   DEFAULT_SCRIPTCHECK_THREADS),
         ArgsManager::ALLOW_ANY, OptionsCategory::OPTIONS);
     gArgs.AddArg("-persistmempool",
                  strprintf("Whether to save the mempool on shutdown and load "
                            "on restart (default: %u)",
                            DEFAULT_PERSIST_MEMPOOL),
                  ArgsManager::ALLOW_ANY, OptionsCategory::OPTIONS);
     gArgs.AddArg("-pid=<file>",
                  strprintf("Specify pid file. Relative paths will be prefixed "
                            "by a net-specific datadir location. (default: %s)",
                            BITCOIN_PID_FILENAME),
                  ArgsManager::ALLOW_ANY, OptionsCategory::OPTIONS);
     gArgs.AddArg(
         "-prune=<n>",
         strprintf("Reduce storage requirements by enabling pruning (deleting) "
                   "of old blocks. This allows the pruneblockchain RPC to be "
                   "called to delete specific blocks, and enables automatic "
                   "pruning of old blocks if a target size in MiB is provided. "
                   "This mode is incompatible with -txindex and -rescan. "
                   "Warning: Reverting this setting requires re-downloading the "
                   "entire blockchain. (default: 0 = disable pruning blocks, 1 "
                   "= allow manual pruning via RPC, >=%u = automatically prune "
                   "block files to stay under the specified target size in MiB)",
                   MIN_DISK_SPACE_FOR_BLOCK_FILES / 1024 / 1024),
         ArgsManager::ALLOW_ANY, OptionsCategory::OPTIONS);
     gArgs.AddArg("-reindex-chainstate",
                  "Rebuild chain state from the currently indexed blocks. When "
                  "in pruning mode or if blocks on disk might be corrupted, use "
                  "full -reindex instead.",
                  ArgsManager::ALLOW_ANY, OptionsCategory::OPTIONS);
     gArgs.AddArg(
         "-reindex",
         "Rebuild chain state and block index from the blk*.dat files on disk",
         ArgsManager::ALLOW_ANY, OptionsCategory::OPTIONS);
 #ifndef WIN32
     gArgs.AddArg(
         "-sysperms",
         "Create new files with system default permissions, instead of umask "
         "077 (only effective with disabled wallet functionality)",
         ArgsManager::ALLOW_ANY, OptionsCategory::OPTIONS);
 #else
     hidden_args.emplace_back("-sysperms");
 #endif
     gArgs.AddArg("-txindex",
                  strprintf("Maintain a full transaction index, used by the "
                            "getrawtransaction rpc call (default: %d)",
                            DEFAULT_TXINDEX),
                  ArgsManager::ALLOW_ANY, OptionsCategory::OPTIONS);
     gArgs.AddArg("-blockfilterindex=<type>",
                  strprintf("Maintain an index of compact filters by block "
                            "(default: %s, values: %s).",
                            DEFAULT_BLOCKFILTERINDEX, ListBlockFilterTypes()) +
                      " If <type> is not supplied or if <type> = 1, indexes for "
                      "all known types are enabled.",
                  ArgsManager::ALLOW_ANY, OptionsCategory::OPTIONS);
     gArgs.AddArg("-usecashaddr",
                  "Use Cash Address for destination encoding instead of base58 "
                  "(activate by default on Jan, 14)",
                  ArgsManager::ALLOW_ANY, OptionsCategory::OPTIONS);
 
     gArgs.AddArg("-addnode=<ip>",
                  "Add a node to connect to and attempt to keep the connection "
                  "open (see the `addnode` RPC command help for more info)",
                  ArgsManager::ALLOW_ANY | ArgsManager::NETWORK_ONLY,
                  OptionsCategory::CONNECTION);
     gArgs.AddArg("-banscore=<n>",
                  strprintf("Threshold for disconnecting and discouraging "
                            "misbehaving peers (default: %u)",
                            DEFAULT_BANSCORE_THRESHOLD),
                  ArgsManager::ALLOW_ANY, OptionsCategory::CONNECTION);
     gArgs.AddArg("-bantime=<n>",
                  strprintf("Default duration (in seconds) of manually "
                            "configured bans (default: %u)",
                            DEFAULT_MISBEHAVING_BANTIME),
                  ArgsManager::ALLOW_ANY, OptionsCategory::CONNECTION);
     gArgs.AddArg("-bind=<addr>",
                  "Bind to given address and always listen on it. Use "
                  "[host]:port notation for IPv6",
                  ArgsManager::ALLOW_ANY | ArgsManager::NETWORK_ONLY,
                  OptionsCategory::CONNECTION);
     gArgs.AddArg(
         "-connect=<ip>",
         "Connect only to the specified node(s); -connect=0 disables automatic "
         "connections (the rules for this peer are the same as for -addnode)",
         ArgsManager::ALLOW_ANY | ArgsManager::NETWORK_ONLY,
         OptionsCategory::CONNECTION);
     gArgs.AddArg("-discover",
                  "Discover own IP addresses (default: 1 when listening and no "
                  "-externalip or -proxy)",
                  ArgsManager::ALLOW_ANY, OptionsCategory::CONNECTION);
     gArgs.AddArg("-dns",
                  strprintf("Allow DNS lookups for -addnode, -seednode and "
                            "-connect (default: %d)",
                            DEFAULT_NAME_LOOKUP),
                  ArgsManager::ALLOW_ANY, OptionsCategory::CONNECTION);
     gArgs.AddArg("-dnsseed",
                  "Query for peer addresses via DNS lookup, if low on addresses "
                  "(default: 1 unless -connect used)",
                  ArgsManager::ALLOW_ANY, OptionsCategory::CONNECTION);
 
     gArgs.AddArg("-externalip=<ip>", "Specify your own public address",
                  ArgsManager::ALLOW_ANY, OptionsCategory::CONNECTION);
     gArgs.AddArg(
         "-forcednsseed",
         strprintf(
             "Always query for peer addresses via DNS lookup (default: %d)",
             DEFAULT_FORCEDNSSEED),
         ArgsManager::ALLOW_ANY, OptionsCategory::CONNECTION);
     gArgs.AddArg(
         "-listen",
         "Accept connections from outside (default: 1 if no -proxy or -connect)",
         ArgsManager::ALLOW_ANY, OptionsCategory::CONNECTION);
     gArgs.AddArg(
         "-listenonion",
         strprintf("Automatically create Tor hidden service (default: %d)",
                   DEFAULT_LISTEN_ONION),
         ArgsManager::ALLOW_ANY, OptionsCategory::CONNECTION);
     gArgs.AddArg(
         "-maxconnections=<n>",
         strprintf("Maintain at most <n> connections to peers (default: %u)",
                   DEFAULT_MAX_PEER_CONNECTIONS),
         ArgsManager::ALLOW_ANY, OptionsCategory::CONNECTION);
     gArgs.AddArg("-maxreceivebuffer=<n>",
                  strprintf("Maximum per-connection receive buffer, <n>*1000 "
                            "bytes (default: %u)",
                            DEFAULT_MAXRECEIVEBUFFER),
                  ArgsManager::ALLOW_ANY, OptionsCategory::CONNECTION);
     gArgs.AddArg(
         "-maxsendbuffer=<n>",
         strprintf(
             "Maximum per-connection send buffer, <n>*1000 bytes (default: %u)",
             DEFAULT_MAXSENDBUFFER),
         ArgsManager::ALLOW_ANY, OptionsCategory::CONNECTION);
     gArgs.AddArg(
         "-maxtimeadjustment",
         strprintf("Maximum allowed median peer time offset adjustment. Local "
                   "perspective of time may be influenced by peers forward or "
                   "backward by this amount. (default: %u seconds)",
                   DEFAULT_MAX_TIME_ADJUSTMENT),
         ArgsManager::ALLOW_ANY, OptionsCategory::CONNECTION);
     gArgs.AddArg("-onion=<ip:port>",
                  strprintf("Use separate SOCKS5 proxy to reach peers via Tor "
                            "hidden services (default: %s)",
                            "-proxy"),
                  ArgsManager::ALLOW_ANY, OptionsCategory::CONNECTION);
     gArgs.AddArg(
         "-onlynet=<net>",
         "Make outgoing connections only through network <net> (ipv4, ipv6 or "
         "onion). Incoming connections are not affected by this option. This "
         "option can be specified multiple times to allow multiple networks.",
         ArgsManager::ALLOW_ANY, OptionsCategory::CONNECTION);
     gArgs.AddArg("-peerbloomfilters",
                  strprintf("Support filtering of blocks and transaction with "
                            "bloom filters (default: %d)",
                            DEFAULT_PEERBLOOMFILTERS),
                  ArgsManager::ALLOW_ANY, OptionsCategory::CONNECTION);
     gArgs.AddArg("-permitbaremultisig",
                  strprintf("Relay non-P2SH multisig (default: %d)",
                            DEFAULT_PERMIT_BAREMULTISIG),
                  ArgsManager::ALLOW_ANY, OptionsCategory::CONNECTION);
     gArgs.AddArg("-port=<port>",
                  strprintf("Listen for connections on <port> (default: %u, "
                            "testnet: %u, regtest: %u)",
                            defaultChainParams->GetDefaultPort(),
                            testnetChainParams->GetDefaultPort(),
                            regtestChainParams->GetDefaultPort()),
                  ArgsManager::ALLOW_ANY | ArgsManager::NETWORK_ONLY,
                  OptionsCategory::CONNECTION);
     gArgs.AddArg("-proxy=<ip:port>", "Connect through SOCKS5 proxy",
                  ArgsManager::ALLOW_ANY, OptionsCategory::CONNECTION);
     gArgs.AddArg("-proxyrandomize",
                  strprintf("Randomize credentials for every proxy connection. "
                            "This enables Tor stream isolation (default: %d)",
                            DEFAULT_PROXYRANDOMIZE),
                  ArgsManager::ALLOW_ANY, OptionsCategory::CONNECTION);
     gArgs.AddArg("-seednode=<ip>",
                  "Connect to a node to retrieve peer addresses, and disconnect",
                  ArgsManager::ALLOW_ANY, OptionsCategory::CONNECTION);
     gArgs.AddArg("-timeout=<n>",
                  strprintf("Specify connection timeout in milliseconds "
                            "(minimum: 1, default: %d)",
                            DEFAULT_CONNECT_TIMEOUT),
                  ArgsManager::ALLOW_ANY, OptionsCategory::CONNECTION);
     gArgs.AddArg(
         "-peertimeout=<n>",
         strprintf("Specify p2p connection timeout in seconds. This option "
                   "determines the amount of time a peer may be inactive before "
                   "the connection to it is dropped. (minimum: 1, default: %d)",
                   DEFAULT_PEER_CONNECT_TIMEOUT),
         true, OptionsCategory::CONNECTION);
     gArgs.AddArg(
         "-torcontrol=<ip>:<port>",
         strprintf(
             "Tor control port to use if onion listening enabled (default: %s)",
             DEFAULT_TOR_CONTROL),
         ArgsManager::ALLOW_ANY, OptionsCategory::CONNECTION);
     gArgs.AddArg("-torpassword=<pass>",
                  "Tor control port password (default: empty)",
                  ArgsManager::ALLOW_ANY | ArgsManager::SENSITIVE,
                  OptionsCategory::CONNECTION);
 #ifdef USE_UPNP
 #if USE_UPNP
     gArgs.AddArg("-upnp",
                  "Use UPnP to map the listening port (default: 1 when "
                  "listening and no -proxy)",
                  ArgsManager::ALLOW_ANY, OptionsCategory::CONNECTION);
 #else
     gArgs.AddArg(
         "-upnp",
         strprintf("Use UPnP to map the listening port (default: %u)", 0),
         ArgsManager::ALLOW_ANY, OptionsCategory::CONNECTION);
 #endif
 #else
     hidden_args.emplace_back("-upnp");
 #endif
     gArgs.AddArg("-whitebind=<[permissions@]addr>",
                  "Bind to given address and whitelist peers connecting to it."
                  " Use [host]:port notation for IPv6. Allowed permissions are "
                  "bloomfilter (allow requesting BIP37 filtered blocks and "
                  "transactions), noban (do not ban for misbehavior), "
                  "forcerelay (relay even non-standard transactions), "
                  "relay (relay even in -blocksonly mode), "
                  "and mempool (allow requesting BIP35 mempool contents). "
                  "Specify multiple permissions separated by commas (default: "
                  "noban,mempool,relay). Can be specified multiple times.",
                  ArgsManager::ALLOW_ANY, OptionsCategory::CONNECTION);
 
     gArgs.AddArg("-whitelist=<[permissions@]IP address or network>",
                  "Whitelist peers connecting from the given IP address "
                  "(e.g. 1.2.3.4) or CIDR notated network(e.g. 1.2.3.0/24). "
                  "Uses same permissions as -whitebind. Can be specified "
                  "multiple times.",
                  ArgsManager::ALLOW_ANY, OptionsCategory::CONNECTION);
     gArgs.AddArg(
         "-maxuploadtarget=<n>",
         strprintf("Tries to keep outbound traffic under the given target (in "
                   "MiB per 24h), 0 = no limit (default: %d)",
                   DEFAULT_MAX_UPLOAD_TARGET),
         ArgsManager::ALLOW_ANY, OptionsCategory::CONNECTION);
 
     g_wallet_init_interface.AddWalletOptions();
 
 #if ENABLE_ZMQ
     gArgs.AddArg("-zmqpubhashblock=<address>",
                  "Enable publish hash block in <address>",
                  ArgsManager::ALLOW_ANY, OptionsCategory::ZMQ);
     gArgs.AddArg("-zmqpubhashtx=<address>",
                  "Enable publish hash transaction in <address>",
                  ArgsManager::ALLOW_ANY, OptionsCategory::ZMQ);
     gArgs.AddArg("-zmqpubrawblock=<address>",
                  "Enable publish raw block in <address>",
                  ArgsManager::ALLOW_ANY, OptionsCategory::ZMQ);
     gArgs.AddArg("-zmqpubrawtx=<address>",
                  "Enable publish raw transaction in <address>",
                  ArgsManager::ALLOW_ANY, OptionsCategory::ZMQ);
     gArgs.AddArg("-zmqpubhashblockhwm=<n>",
                  strprintf("Set publish hash block outbound message high water "
                            "mark (default: %d)",
                            CZMQAbstractNotifier::DEFAULT_ZMQ_SNDHWM),
                  false, OptionsCategory::ZMQ);
     gArgs.AddArg("-zmqpubhashtxhwm=<n>",
                  strprintf("Set publish hash transaction outbound message high "
                            "water mark (default: %d)",
                            CZMQAbstractNotifier::DEFAULT_ZMQ_SNDHWM),
                  false, OptionsCategory::ZMQ);
     gArgs.AddArg("-zmqpubrawblockhwm=<n>",
                  strprintf("Set publish raw block outbound message high water "
                            "mark (default: %d)",
                            CZMQAbstractNotifier::DEFAULT_ZMQ_SNDHWM),
                  false, OptionsCategory::ZMQ);
     gArgs.AddArg("-zmqpubrawtxhwm=<n>",
                  strprintf("Set publish raw transaction outbound message high "
                            "water mark (default: %d)",
                            CZMQAbstractNotifier::DEFAULT_ZMQ_SNDHWM),
                  false, OptionsCategory::ZMQ);
 #else
     hidden_args.emplace_back("-zmqpubhashblock=<address>");
     hidden_args.emplace_back("-zmqpubhashtx=<address>");
     hidden_args.emplace_back("-zmqpubrawblock=<address>");
     hidden_args.emplace_back("-zmqpubrawtx=<address>");
     hidden_args.emplace_back("-zmqpubhashblockhwm=<n>");
     hidden_args.emplace_back("-zmqpubhashtxhwm=<n>");
     hidden_args.emplace_back("-zmqpubrawblockhwm=<n>");
     hidden_args.emplace_back("-zmqpubrawtxhwm=<n>");
 #endif
 
     gArgs.AddArg(
         "-checkblocks=<n>",
         strprintf("How many blocks to check at startup (default: %u, 0 = all)",
                   DEFAULT_CHECKBLOCKS),
         ArgsManager::ALLOW_ANY | ArgsManager::DEBUG_ONLY,
         OptionsCategory::DEBUG_TEST);
     gArgs.AddArg(
         "-checklevel=<n>",
         strprintf("How thorough the block verification of "
                   "-checkblocks is: "
                   "level 0 reads the blocks from disk, "
                   "level 1 verifies block validity, "
                   "level 2 verifies undo data, "
                   "level 3 checks disconnection of tip blocks, "
                   "and level 4 tries to reconnect the blocks. "
                   "Each level includes the checks of the previous levels "
                   "(0-4, default: %u)",
                   DEFAULT_CHECKLEVEL),
         ArgsManager::ALLOW_ANY | ArgsManager::DEBUG_ONLY,
         OptionsCategory::DEBUG_TEST);
     gArgs.AddArg("-checkblockindex",
                  strprintf("Do a consistency check for the block tree, "
                            "chainstate, and other validation data structures "
                            "occasionally. (default: %u, regtest: %u)",
                            defaultChainParams->DefaultConsistencyChecks(),
                            regtestChainParams->DefaultConsistencyChecks()),
                  ArgsManager::ALLOW_ANY | ArgsManager::DEBUG_ONLY,
                  OptionsCategory::DEBUG_TEST);
     gArgs.AddArg(
         "-checkmempool=<n>",
         strprintf(
             "Run checks every <n> transactions (default: %u, regtest: %u)",
             defaultChainParams->DefaultConsistencyChecks(),
             regtestChainParams->DefaultConsistencyChecks()),
         ArgsManager::ALLOW_ANY | ArgsManager::DEBUG_ONLY,
         OptionsCategory::DEBUG_TEST);
     gArgs.AddArg("-checkpoints",
                  strprintf("Only accept block chain matching built-in "
                            "checkpoints (default: %d)",
                            DEFAULT_CHECKPOINTS_ENABLED),
                  ArgsManager::ALLOW_ANY | ArgsManager::DEBUG_ONLY,
                  OptionsCategory::DEBUG_TEST);
     gArgs.AddArg("-deprecatedrpc=<method>",
                  "Allows deprecated RPC method(s) to be used",
                  ArgsManager::ALLOW_ANY | ArgsManager::DEBUG_ONLY,
                  OptionsCategory::DEBUG_TEST);
     gArgs.AddArg("-dropmessagestest=<n>",
                  "Randomly drop 1 of every <n> network messages",
                  ArgsManager::ALLOW_ANY | ArgsManager::DEBUG_ONLY,
                  OptionsCategory::DEBUG_TEST);
     gArgs.AddArg(
         "-stopafterblockimport",
         strprintf("Stop running after importing blocks from disk (default: %d)",
                   DEFAULT_STOPAFTERBLOCKIMPORT),
         ArgsManager::ALLOW_ANY | ArgsManager::DEBUG_ONLY,
         OptionsCategory::DEBUG_TEST);
     gArgs.AddArg("-stopatheight",
                  strprintf("Stop running after reaching the given height in "
                            "the main chain (default: %u)",
                            DEFAULT_STOPATHEIGHT),
                  ArgsManager::ALLOW_ANY | ArgsManager::DEBUG_ONLY,
                  OptionsCategory::DEBUG_TEST);
     gArgs.AddArg("-limitancestorcount=<n>",
                  strprintf("Do not accept transactions if number of in-mempool "
                            "ancestors is <n> or more (default: %u)",
                            DEFAULT_ANCESTOR_LIMIT),
                  ArgsManager::ALLOW_ANY | ArgsManager::DEBUG_ONLY,
                  OptionsCategory::DEBUG_TEST);
     gArgs.AddArg(
         "-limitancestorsize=<n>",
         strprintf("Do not accept transactions whose size with all in-mempool "
                   "ancestors exceeds <n> kilobytes (default: %u)",
                   DEFAULT_ANCESTOR_SIZE_LIMIT),
         ArgsManager::ALLOW_ANY | ArgsManager::DEBUG_ONLY,
         OptionsCategory::DEBUG_TEST);
     gArgs.AddArg(
         "-limitdescendantcount=<n>",
         strprintf("Do not accept transactions if any ancestor would have <n> "
                   "or more in-mempool descendants (default: %u)",
                   DEFAULT_DESCENDANT_LIMIT),
         ArgsManager::ALLOW_ANY | ArgsManager::DEBUG_ONLY,
         OptionsCategory::DEBUG_TEST);
     gArgs.AddArg(
         "-limitdescendantsize=<n>",
         strprintf("Do not accept transactions if any ancestor would have more "
                   "than <n> kilobytes of in-mempool descendants (default: %u).",
                   DEFAULT_DESCENDANT_SIZE_LIMIT),
         ArgsManager::ALLOW_ANY | ArgsManager::DEBUG_ONLY,
         OptionsCategory::DEBUG_TEST);
     gArgs.AddArg("-addrmantest", "Allows to test address relay on localhost",
                  ArgsManager::ALLOW_ANY | ArgsManager::DEBUG_ONLY,
                  OptionsCategory::DEBUG_TEST);
 
     gArgs.AddArg("-debug=<category>",
                  strprintf("Output debugging information (default: %u, "
                            "supplying <category> is optional)",
                            0) +
                      ". " +
                      "If <category> is not supplied or if <category> = 1, "
                      "output all debugging information."
                      "<category> can be: " +
                      ListLogCategories() + ".",
                  ArgsManager::ALLOW_ANY, OptionsCategory::DEBUG_TEST);
     gArgs.AddArg(
         "-debugexclude=<category>",
         strprintf("Exclude debugging information for a category. Can be used "
                   "in conjunction with -debug=1 to output debug logs for all "
                   "categories except one or more specified categories."),
         ArgsManager::ALLOW_ANY, OptionsCategory::DEBUG_TEST);
     gArgs.AddArg("-help-debug",
                  "Print help message with debugging options and exit",
                  ArgsManager::ALLOW_ANY, OptionsCategory::DEBUG_TEST);
     gArgs.AddArg("-logips",
                  strprintf("Include IP addresses in debug output (default: %d)",
                            DEFAULT_LOGIPS),
                  ArgsManager::ALLOW_ANY, OptionsCategory::DEBUG_TEST);
     gArgs.AddArg("-logtimestamps",
                  strprintf("Prepend debug output with timestamp (default: %d)",
                            DEFAULT_LOGTIMESTAMPS),
                  ArgsManager::ALLOW_ANY, OptionsCategory::DEBUG_TEST);
     gArgs.AddArg(
         "-logthreadnames",
         strprintf(
             "Prepend debug output with name of the originating thread (only "
             "available on platforms supporting thread_local) (default: %u)",
             DEFAULT_LOGTHREADNAMES),
         ArgsManager::ALLOW_ANY, OptionsCategory::DEBUG_TEST);
     gArgs.AddArg(
         "-logtimemicros",
         strprintf("Add microsecond precision to debug timestamps (default: %d)",
                   DEFAULT_LOGTIMEMICROS),
         ArgsManager::ALLOW_ANY | ArgsManager::DEBUG_ONLY,
         OptionsCategory::DEBUG_TEST);
     gArgs.AddArg("-mocktime=<n>",
                  "Replace actual time with " + UNIX_EPOCH_TIME +
                      " (default: 0)",
                  ArgsManager::ALLOW_ANY | ArgsManager::DEBUG_ONLY,
                  OptionsCategory::DEBUG_TEST);
     gArgs.AddArg(
         "-maxsigcachesize=<n>",
         strprintf("Limit size of signature cache to <n> MiB (default: %u)",
                   DEFAULT_MAX_SIG_CACHE_SIZE),
         ArgsManager::ALLOW_ANY | ArgsManager::DEBUG_ONLY,
         OptionsCategory::DEBUG_TEST);
     gArgs.AddArg(
         "-maxscriptcachesize=<n>",
         strprintf("Limit size of script cache to <n> MiB (default: %u)",
                   DEFAULT_MAX_SCRIPT_CACHE_SIZE),
         ArgsManager::ALLOW_ANY | ArgsManager::DEBUG_ONLY,
         OptionsCategory::DEBUG_TEST);
     gArgs.AddArg("-maxtipage=<n>",
                  strprintf("Maximum tip age in seconds to consider node in "
                            "initial block download (default: %u)",
                            DEFAULT_MAX_TIP_AGE),
                  ArgsManager::ALLOW_ANY | ArgsManager::DEBUG_ONLY,
                  OptionsCategory::DEBUG_TEST);
 
     gArgs.AddArg(
         "-printtoconsole",
         "Send trace/debug info to console instead of debug.log file (default: "
         "1 when no -daemon. To disable logging to file, set debuglogfile=0)",
         ArgsManager::ALLOW_ANY, OptionsCategory::DEBUG_TEST);
     gArgs.AddArg("-printpriority",
                  strprintf("Log transaction priority and fee per kB when "
                            "mining blocks (default: %d)",
                            DEFAULT_PRINTPRIORITY),
                  ArgsManager::ALLOW_ANY | ArgsManager::DEBUG_ONLY,
                  OptionsCategory::DEBUG_TEST);
     gArgs.AddArg(
         "-shrinkdebugfile",
         "Shrink debug.log file on client startup (default: 1 when no -debug)",
         ArgsManager::ALLOW_ANY, OptionsCategory::DEBUG_TEST);
 
     gArgs.AddArg("-uacomment=<cmt>", "Append comment to the user agent string",
                  ArgsManager::ALLOW_ANY, OptionsCategory::DEBUG_TEST);
 
     SetupChainParamsBaseOptions();
 
     gArgs.AddArg(
         "-acceptnonstdtxn",
         strprintf(
             "Relay and mine \"non-standard\" transactions (%sdefault: %u)",
             "testnet/regtest only; ", defaultChainParams->RequireStandard()),
         ArgsManager::ALLOW_ANY | ArgsManager::DEBUG_ONLY,
         OptionsCategory::NODE_RELAY);
     gArgs.AddArg("-excessiveblocksize=<n>",
                  strprintf("Do not accept blocks larger than this limit, in "
                            "bytes (default: %d)",
                            DEFAULT_MAX_BLOCK_SIZE),
                  ArgsManager::ALLOW_ANY | ArgsManager::DEBUG_ONLY,
                  OptionsCategory::NODE_RELAY);
     gArgs.AddArg(
         "-dustrelayfee=<amt>",
         strprintf("Fee rate (in %s/kB) used to define dust, the value of an "
                   "output such that it will cost about 1/3 of its value in "
                   "fees at this fee rate to spend it. (default: %s)",
                   CURRENCY_UNIT, FormatMoney(DUST_RELAY_TX_FEE)),
         ArgsManager::ALLOW_ANY | ArgsManager::DEBUG_ONLY,
         OptionsCategory::NODE_RELAY);
 
     gArgs.AddArg("-bytespersigop",
                  strprintf("Equivalent bytes per sigop in transactions for "
                            "relay and mining (default: %u)",
                            DEFAULT_BYTES_PER_SIGOP),
                  ArgsManager::ALLOW_ANY, OptionsCategory::NODE_RELAY);
     gArgs.AddArg(
         "-datacarrier",
         strprintf("Relay and mine data carrier transactions (default: %d)",
                   DEFAULT_ACCEPT_DATACARRIER),
         ArgsManager::ALLOW_ANY, OptionsCategory::NODE_RELAY);
     gArgs.AddArg("-datacarriersize",
                  strprintf("Maximum size of data in data carrier transactions "
                            "we relay and mine (default: %u)",
                            MAX_OP_RETURN_RELAY),
                  ArgsManager::ALLOW_ANY, OptionsCategory::NODE_RELAY);
     gArgs.AddArg(
         "-minrelaytxfee=<amt>",
         strprintf("Fees (in %s/kB) smaller than this are rejected for "
                   "relaying, mining and transaction creation (default: %s)",
                   CURRENCY_UNIT, FormatMoney(DEFAULT_MIN_RELAY_TX_FEE_PER_KB)),
         ArgsManager::ALLOW_ANY, OptionsCategory::NODE_RELAY);
     gArgs.AddArg(
         "-whitelistrelay",
         strprintf("Add 'relay' permission to whitelisted inbound peers "
                   "with default permissions. This will accept relayed "
                   "transactions even when not relaying transactions "
                   "(default: %d)",
                   DEFAULT_WHITELISTRELAY),
         ArgsManager::ALLOW_ANY, OptionsCategory::NODE_RELAY);
     gArgs.AddArg(
         "-whitelistforcerelay",
         strprintf("Add 'forcerelay' permission to whitelisted inbound peers"
                   " with default permissions. This will relay transactions "
                   "even if the transactions were already in the mempool or "
                   "violate local relay policy (default: %d)",
                   DEFAULT_WHITELISTFORCERELAY),
         ArgsManager::ALLOW_ANY, OptionsCategory::NODE_RELAY);
 
     // Not sure this really belongs here, but it will do for now.
     // FIXME: This doesn't work anyways.
     gArgs.AddArg("-excessutxocharge=<amt>",
                  strprintf("Fees (in %s/kB) to charge per utxo created for "
                            "relaying, and mining (default: %s)",
                            CURRENCY_UNIT, FormatMoney(DEFAULT_UTXO_FEE)),
                  ArgsManager::ALLOW_ANY | ArgsManager::DEBUG_ONLY,
                  OptionsCategory::NODE_RELAY);
 
     gArgs.AddArg("-blockmaxsize=<n>",
                  strprintf("Set maximum block size in bytes (default: %d)",
                            DEFAULT_MAX_GENERATED_BLOCK_SIZE),
                  ArgsManager::ALLOW_ANY, OptionsCategory::BLOCK_CREATION);
     gArgs.AddArg("-blockmintxfee=<amt>",
                  strprintf("Set lowest fee rate (in %s/kB) for transactions to "
                            "be included in block creation. (default: %s)",
                            CURRENCY_UNIT,
                            FormatMoney(DEFAULT_BLOCK_MIN_TX_FEE_PER_KB)),
                  ArgsManager::ALLOW_ANY, OptionsCategory::BLOCK_CREATION);
 
     gArgs.AddArg("-blockversion=<n>",
                  "Override block version to test forking scenarios",
                  ArgsManager::ALLOW_ANY | ArgsManager::DEBUG_ONLY,
                  OptionsCategory::BLOCK_CREATION);
 
     gArgs.AddArg("-server", "Accept command line and JSON-RPC commands",
                  ArgsManager::ALLOW_ANY, OptionsCategory::RPC);
     gArgs.AddArg("-rest",
                  strprintf("Accept public REST requests (default: %d)",
                            DEFAULT_REST_ENABLE),
                  ArgsManager::ALLOW_ANY, OptionsCategory::RPC);
     gArgs.AddArg(
         "-rpcbind=<addr>[:port]",
         "Bind to given address to listen for JSON-RPC connections. Do not "
         "expose the RPC server to untrusted networks such as the public "
         "internet! This option is ignored unless -rpcallowip is also passed. "
         "Port is optional and overrides -rpcport.  Use [host]:port notation "
         "for IPv6. This option can be specified multiple times (default: "
         "127.0.0.1 and ::1 i.e., localhost)",
         ArgsManager::ALLOW_ANY | ArgsManager::NETWORK_ONLY |
             ArgsManager::SENSITIVE,
         OptionsCategory::RPC);
     gArgs.AddArg("-rpccookiefile=<loc>",
                  "Location of the auth cookie. Relative paths will be prefixed "
                  "by a net-specific datadir location. (default: data dir)",
                  ArgsManager::ALLOW_ANY, OptionsCategory::RPC);
     gArgs.AddArg("-rpcuser=<user>", "Username for JSON-RPC connections",
                  ArgsManager::ALLOW_ANY | ArgsManager::SENSITIVE,
                  OptionsCategory::RPC);
     gArgs.AddArg("-rpcpassword=<pw>", "Password for JSON-RPC connections",
                  ArgsManager::ALLOW_ANY | ArgsManager::SENSITIVE,
                  OptionsCategory::RPC);
     gArgs.AddArg(
         "-rpcwhitelist=<whitelist>",
         "Set a whitelist to filter incoming RPC calls for a specific user. The "
         "field <whitelist> comes in the format: <USERNAME>:<rpc 1>,<rpc "
         "2>,...,<rpc n>. If multiple whitelists are set for a given user, they "
         "are set-intersected. See -rpcwhitelistdefault documentation for "
         "information on default whitelist behavior.",
         ArgsManager::ALLOW_ANY, OptionsCategory::RPC);
     gArgs.AddArg(
         "-rpcwhitelistdefault",
         "Sets default behavior for rpc whitelisting. Unless "
         "rpcwhitelistdefault is set to 0, if any -rpcwhitelist is set, the rpc "
         "server acts as if all rpc users are subject to "
         "empty-unless-otherwise-specified whitelists. If rpcwhitelistdefault "
         "is set to 1 and no -rpcwhitelist is set, rpc server acts as if all "
         "rpc users are subject to empty whitelists.",
         ArgsManager::ALLOW_BOOL, OptionsCategory::RPC);
     gArgs.AddArg(
         "-rpcauth=<userpw>",
         "Username and hashed password for JSON-RPC connections. The field "
         "<userpw> comes in the format: <USERNAME>:<SALT>$<HASH>. A canonical "
         "python script is included in share/rpcauth. The client then connects "
         "normally using the rpcuser=<USERNAME>/rpcpassword=<PASSWORD> pair of "
         "arguments. This option can be specified multiple times",
         ArgsManager::ALLOW_ANY | ArgsManager::SENSITIVE, OptionsCategory::RPC);
     gArgs.AddArg("-rpcport=<port>",
                  strprintf("Listen for JSON-RPC connections on <port> "
                            "(default: %u, testnet: %u, regtest: %u)",
                            defaultBaseParams->RPCPort(),
                            testnetBaseParams->RPCPort(),
                            regtestBaseParams->RPCPort()),
                  ArgsManager::ALLOW_ANY | ArgsManager::NETWORK_ONLY,
                  OptionsCategory::RPC);
     gArgs.AddArg("-rpcallowip=<ip>",
                  "Allow JSON-RPC connections from specified source. Valid for "
                  "<ip> are a single IP (e.g. 1.2.3.4), a network/netmask (e.g. "
                  "1.2.3.4/255.255.255.0) or a network/CIDR (e.g. 1.2.3.4/24). "
                  "This option can be specified multiple times",
                  ArgsManager::ALLOW_ANY, OptionsCategory::RPC);
     gArgs.AddArg(
         "-rpcthreads=<n>",
         strprintf(
             "Set the number of threads to service RPC calls (default: %d)",
             DEFAULT_HTTP_THREADS),
         ArgsManager::ALLOW_ANY, OptionsCategory::RPC);
     gArgs.AddArg(
         "-rpccorsdomain=value",
         "Domain from which to accept cross origin requests (browser enforced)",
         ArgsManager::ALLOW_ANY, OptionsCategory::RPC);
 
     gArgs.AddArg("-rpcworkqueue=<n>",
                  strprintf("Set the depth of the work queue to service RPC "
                            "calls (default: %d)",
                            DEFAULT_HTTP_WORKQUEUE),
                  ArgsManager::ALLOW_ANY | ArgsManager::DEBUG_ONLY,
                  OptionsCategory::RPC);
     gArgs.AddArg("-rpcservertimeout=<n>",
                  strprintf("Timeout during HTTP requests (default: %d)",
                            DEFAULT_HTTP_SERVER_TIMEOUT),
                  ArgsManager::ALLOW_ANY | ArgsManager::DEBUG_ONLY,
                  OptionsCategory::RPC);
 
 #if HAVE_DECL_DAEMON
     gArgs.AddArg("-daemon",
                  "Run in the background as a daemon and accept commands",
                  ArgsManager::ALLOW_ANY, OptionsCategory::OPTIONS);
 #else
     hidden_args.emplace_back("-daemon");
 #endif
 
     // Avalanche options.
     gArgs.AddArg(
         "-enableavalanche",
         strprintf("Enable avalanche (default: %u)", AVALANCHE_DEFAULT_ENABLED),
         ArgsManager::ALLOW_ANY, OptionsCategory::AVALANCHE);
     gArgs.AddArg(
         "-avacooldown",
         strprintf("Mandatory cooldown between two avapoll (default: %u)",
                   AVALANCHE_DEFAULT_COOLDOWN),
         ArgsManager::ALLOW_ANY, OptionsCategory::AVALANCHE);
 
     // Add the hidden options
     gArgs.AddHiddenArgs(hidden_args);
 }
 
 std::string LicenseInfo() {
     const std::string URL_SOURCE_CODE =
         "<https://github.com/Bitcoin-ABC/bitcoin-abc>";
     const std::string URL_WEBSITE = "<https://www.bitcoinabc.org>";
 
     return CopyrightHolders(strprintf(_("Copyright (C) %i-%i").translated, 2009,
                                       COPYRIGHT_YEAR) +
                             " ") +
            "\n" + "\n" +
            strprintf(_("Please contribute if you find %s useful. "
                        "Visit %s for further information about the software.")
                          .translated,
                      PACKAGE_NAME, URL_WEBSITE) +
            "\n" +
            strprintf(_("The source code is available from %s.").translated,
                      URL_SOURCE_CODE) +
            "\n" + "\n" + _("This is experimental software.").translated + "\n" +
            strprintf(_("Distributed under the MIT software license, see the "
                        "accompanying file %s or %s")
                          .translated,
                      "COPYING", "<https://opensource.org/licenses/MIT>") +
            "\n" + "\n" +
            strprintf(_("This product includes software developed by the "
                        "OpenSSL Project for use in the OpenSSL Toolkit %s and "
                        "cryptographic software written by Eric Young and UPnP "
                        "software written by Thomas Bernard.")
                          .translated,
                      "<https://www.openssl.org>") +
            "\n";
 }
 
 #if defined(HAVE_SYSTEM)
 static void BlockNotifyCallback(bool initialSync,
                                 const CBlockIndex *pBlockIndex) {
     if (initialSync || !pBlockIndex) {
         return;
     }
 
     std::string strCmd = gArgs.GetArg("-blocknotify", "");
     if (!strCmd.empty()) {
         boost::replace_all(strCmd, "%s", pBlockIndex->GetBlockHash().GetHex());
         std::thread t(runCommand, strCmd);
         // thread runs free
         t.detach();
     }
 }
 #endif
 
 static bool fHaveGenesis = false;
 static Mutex g_genesis_wait_mutex;
 static std::condition_variable g_genesis_wait_cv;
 
 static void BlockNotifyGenesisWait(bool, const CBlockIndex *pBlockIndex) {
     if (pBlockIndex != nullptr) {
         {
             LOCK(g_genesis_wait_mutex);
             fHaveGenesis = true;
         }
         g_genesis_wait_cv.notify_all();
     }
 }
 
 struct CImportingNow {
     CImportingNow() {
         assert(fImporting == false);
         fImporting = true;
     }
 
     ~CImportingNow() {
         assert(fImporting == true);
         fImporting = false;
     }
 };
 
 // If we're using -prune with -reindex, then delete block files that will be
 // ignored by the reindex.  Since reindexing works by starting at block file 0
 // and looping until a blockfile is missing, do the same here to delete any
 // later block files after a gap. Also delete all rev files since they'll be
 // rewritten by the reindex anyway. This ensures that vinfoBlockFile is in sync
 // with what's actually on disk by the time we start downloading, so that
 // pruning works correctly.
 static void CleanupBlockRevFiles() {
     std::map<std::string, fs::path> mapBlockFiles;
 
     // Glob all blk?????.dat and rev?????.dat files from the blocks directory.
     // Remove the rev files immediately and insert the blk file paths into an
     // ordered map keyed by block file index.
     LogPrintf("Removing unusable blk?????.dat and rev?????.dat files for "
               "-reindex with -prune\n");
     const auto directoryIterator = fs::directory_iterator{GetBlocksDir()};
     for (const auto &file : directoryIterator) {
         const auto fileName = file.path().filename().string();
         if (fs::is_regular_file(file) && fileName.length() == 12 &&
             fileName.substr(8, 4) == ".dat") {
             if (fileName.substr(0, 3) == "blk") {
                 mapBlockFiles[fileName.substr(3, 5)] = file.path();
             } else if (fileName.substr(0, 3) == "rev") {
                 remove(file.path());
             }
         }
     }
 
     // Remove all block files that aren't part of a contiguous set starting at
     // zero by walking the ordered map (keys are block file indices) by keeping
     // a separate counter. Once we hit a gap (or if 0 doesn't exist) start
     // removing block files.
     int contiguousCounter = 0;
     for (const auto &item : mapBlockFiles) {
         if (atoi(item.first) == contiguousCounter) {
             contiguousCounter++;
             continue;
         }
         remove(item.second);
     }
 }
 
 static void ThreadImport(const Config &config,
                          std::vector<fs::path> vImportFiles) {
     util::ThreadRename("loadblk");
     ScheduleBatchPriority();
 
     {
         const CChainParams &chainParams = config.GetChainParams();
 
         CImportingNow imp;
 
         // -reindex
         if (fReindex) {
             int nFile = 0;
             while (true) {
                 FlatFilePos pos(nFile, 0);
                 if (!fs::exists(GetBlockPosFilename(pos))) {
                     // No block files left to reindex
                     break;
                 }
                 FILE *file = OpenBlockFile(pos, true);
                 if (!file) {
                     // This error is logged in OpenBlockFile
                     break;
                 }
                 LogPrintf("Reindexing block file blk%05u.dat...\n",
                           (unsigned int)nFile);
                 LoadExternalBlockFile(config, file, &pos);
                 nFile++;
             }
             pblocktree->WriteReindexing(false);
             fReindex = false;
             LogPrintf("Reindexing finished\n");
             // To avoid ending up in a situation without genesis block, re-try
             // initializing (no-op if reindexing worked):
             LoadGenesisBlock(chainParams);
         }
 
         // hardcoded $DATADIR/bootstrap.dat
         fs::path pathBootstrap = GetDataDir() / "bootstrap.dat";
         if (fs::exists(pathBootstrap)) {
             FILE *file = fsbridge::fopen(pathBootstrap, "rb");
             if (file) {
                 fs::path pathBootstrapOld = GetDataDir() / "bootstrap.dat.old";
                 LogPrintf("Importing bootstrap.dat...\n");
                 LoadExternalBlockFile(config, file);
                 RenameOver(pathBootstrap, pathBootstrapOld);
             } else {
                 LogPrintf("Warning: Could not open bootstrap file %s\n",
                           pathBootstrap.string());
             }
         }
 
         // -loadblock=
         for (const fs::path &path : vImportFiles) {
             FILE *file = fsbridge::fopen(path, "rb");
             if (file) {
                 LogPrintf("Importing blocks file %s...\n", path.string());
                 LoadExternalBlockFile(config, file);
             } else {
                 LogPrintf("Warning: Could not open blocks file %s\n",
                           path.string());
             }
         }
 
         // Reconsider blocks we know are valid. They may have been marked
         // invalid by, for instance, running an outdated version of the node
         // software.
         const MapCheckpoints &checkpoints =
             chainParams.Checkpoints().mapCheckpoints;
         for (const MapCheckpoints::value_type &i : checkpoints) {
             const BlockHash &hash = i.second;
 
             LOCK(cs_main);
             CBlockIndex *pblockindex = LookupBlockIndex(hash);
             if (pblockindex && !pblockindex->nStatus.isValid()) {
                 LogPrintf("Reconsidering checkpointed block %s ...\n",
                           hash.GetHex());
                 ResetBlockFailureFlags(pblockindex);
             }
         }
 
         // scan for better chains in the block chain database, that are not yet
         // connected in the active best chain
         BlockValidationState state;
         if (!ActivateBestChain(config, state)) {
             LogPrintf("Failed to connect best block (%s)\n",
                       FormatStateMessage(state));
             StartShutdown();
             return;
         }
 
         if (gArgs.GetBoolArg("-stopafterblockimport",
                              DEFAULT_STOPAFTERBLOCKIMPORT)) {
             LogPrintf("Stopping after block import\n");
             StartShutdown();
             return;
         }
     } // End scope of CImportingNow
     if (gArgs.GetArg("-persistmempool", DEFAULT_PERSIST_MEMPOOL)) {
         LoadMempool(config, ::g_mempool);
     }
     ::g_mempool.SetIsLoaded(!ShutdownRequested());
 }
 
 /** Sanity checks
  *  Ensure that Bitcoin is running in a usable environment with all
  *  necessary library support.
  */
 static bool InitSanityCheck() {
     if (!ECC_InitSanityCheck()) {
-        InitError(
-            "Elliptic curve cryptography sanity check failure. Aborting.");
-        return false;
+        return InitError(Untranslated(
+            "Elliptic curve cryptography sanity check failure. Aborting."));
     }
 
     if (!glibcxx_sanity_test()) {
         return false;
     }
 
     if (!Random_SanityCheck()) {
-        InitError("OS cryptographic RNG sanity check failure. Aborting.");
-        return false;
+        return InitError(Untranslated(
+            "OS cryptographic RNG sanity check failure. Aborting."));
     }
 
     return true;
 }
 
 static bool AppInitServers(Config &config,
                            HTTPRPCRequestProcessor &httpRPCRequestProcessor) {
     RPCServerSignals::OnStarted(&OnRPCStarted);
     RPCServerSignals::OnStopped(&OnRPCStopped);
     if (!InitHTTPServer(config)) {
         return false;
     }
 
     StartRPC();
 
     if (!StartHTTPRPC(httpRPCRequestProcessor)) {
         return false;
     }
     if (gArgs.GetBoolArg("-rest", DEFAULT_REST_ENABLE)) {
         StartREST();
     }
 
     StartHTTPServer();
     return true;
 }
 
 // Parameter interaction based on rules
 void InitParameterInteraction() {
     // when specifying an explicit binding address, you want to listen on it
     // even when -connect or -proxy is specified.
     if (gArgs.IsArgSet("-bind")) {
         if (gArgs.SoftSetBoolArg("-listen", true)) {
             LogPrintf(
                 "%s: parameter interaction: -bind set -> setting -listen=1\n",
                 __func__);
         }
     }
     if (gArgs.IsArgSet("-whitebind")) {
         if (gArgs.SoftSetBoolArg("-listen", true)) {
             LogPrintf("%s: parameter interaction: -whitebind set -> setting "
                       "-listen=1\n",
                       __func__);
         }
     }
 
     if (gArgs.IsArgSet("-connect")) {
         // when only connecting to trusted nodes, do not seed via DNS, or listen
         // by default.
         if (gArgs.SoftSetBoolArg("-dnsseed", false)) {
             LogPrintf("%s: parameter interaction: -connect set -> setting "
                       "-dnsseed=0\n",
                       __func__);
         }
         if (gArgs.SoftSetBoolArg("-listen", false)) {
             LogPrintf("%s: parameter interaction: -connect set -> setting "
                       "-listen=0\n",
                       __func__);
         }
     }
 
     if (gArgs.IsArgSet("-proxy")) {
         // to protect privacy, do not listen by default if a default proxy
         // server is specified.
         if (gArgs.SoftSetBoolArg("-listen", false)) {
             LogPrintf(
                 "%s: parameter interaction: -proxy set -> setting -listen=0\n",
                 __func__);
         }
         // to protect privacy, do not use UPNP when a proxy is set. The user may
         // still specify -listen=1 to listen locally, so don't rely on this
         // happening through -listen below.
         if (gArgs.SoftSetBoolArg("-upnp", false)) {
             LogPrintf(
                 "%s: parameter interaction: -proxy set -> setting -upnp=0\n",
                 __func__);
         }
         // to protect privacy, do not discover addresses by default
         if (gArgs.SoftSetBoolArg("-discover", false)) {
             LogPrintf("%s: parameter interaction: -proxy set -> setting "
                       "-discover=0\n",
                       __func__);
         }
     }
 
     if (!gArgs.GetBoolArg("-listen", DEFAULT_LISTEN)) {
         // do not map ports or try to retrieve public IP when not listening
         // (pointless)
         if (gArgs.SoftSetBoolArg("-upnp", false)) {
             LogPrintf(
                 "%s: parameter interaction: -listen=0 -> setting -upnp=0\n",
                 __func__);
         }
         if (gArgs.SoftSetBoolArg("-discover", false)) {
             LogPrintf(
                 "%s: parameter interaction: -listen=0 -> setting -discover=0\n",
                 __func__);
         }
         if (gArgs.SoftSetBoolArg("-listenonion", false)) {
             LogPrintf("%s: parameter interaction: -listen=0 -> setting "
                       "-listenonion=0\n",
                       __func__);
         }
     }
 
     if (gArgs.IsArgSet("-externalip")) {
         // if an explicit public IP is specified, do not try to find others
         if (gArgs.SoftSetBoolArg("-discover", false)) {
             LogPrintf("%s: parameter interaction: -externalip set -> setting "
                       "-discover=0\n",
                       __func__);
         }
     }
 
     // disable whitelistrelay in blocksonly mode
     if (gArgs.GetBoolArg("-blocksonly", DEFAULT_BLOCKSONLY)) {
         if (gArgs.SoftSetBoolArg("-whitelistrelay", false)) {
             LogPrintf("%s: parameter interaction: -blocksonly=1 -> setting "
                       "-whitelistrelay=0\n",
                       __func__);
         }
     }
 
     // Forcing relay from whitelisted hosts implies we will accept relays from
     // them in the first place.
     if (gArgs.GetBoolArg("-whitelistforcerelay", DEFAULT_WHITELISTFORCERELAY)) {
         if (gArgs.SoftSetBoolArg("-whitelistrelay", true)) {
             LogPrintf("%s: parameter interaction: -whitelistforcerelay=1 -> "
                       "setting -whitelistrelay=1\n",
                       __func__);
         }
     }
 }
 
 /**
  * Initialize global loggers.
  *
  * Note that this is called very early in the process lifetime, so you should be
  * careful about what global state you rely on here.
  */
 void InitLogging() {
     LogInstance().m_print_to_file = !gArgs.IsArgNegated("-debuglogfile");
     LogInstance().m_file_path = AbsPathForConfigVal(
         gArgs.GetArg("-debuglogfile", DEFAULT_DEBUGLOGFILE));
 
     LogInstance().m_print_to_console = gArgs.GetBoolArg(
         "-printtoconsole", !gArgs.GetBoolArg("-daemon", false));
     LogInstance().m_log_timestamps =
         gArgs.GetBoolArg("-logtimestamps", DEFAULT_LOGTIMESTAMPS);
     LogInstance().m_log_time_micros =
         gArgs.GetBoolArg("-logtimemicros", DEFAULT_LOGTIMEMICROS);
     LogInstance().m_log_threadnames =
         gArgs.GetBoolArg("-logthreadnames", DEFAULT_LOGTHREADNAMES);
 
     fLogIPs = gArgs.GetBoolArg("-logips", DEFAULT_LOGIPS);
 
     std::string version_string = FormatFullVersion();
 #ifdef DEBUG
     version_string += " (debug build)";
 #else
     version_string += " (release build)";
 #endif
     LogPrintf("%s version %s\n", CLIENT_NAME, version_string);
 }
 
 namespace { // Variables internal to initialization process only
 
 int nMaxConnections;
 int nUserMaxConnections;
 int nFD;
 ServiceFlags nLocalServices = ServiceFlags(NODE_NETWORK | NODE_NETWORK_LIMITED);
 int64_t peer_connect_timeout;
 std::vector<BlockFilterType> g_enabled_filter_types;
 
 } // namespace
 
 [[noreturn]] static void new_handler_terminate() {
     // Rather than throwing std::bad-alloc if allocation fails, terminate
     // immediately to (try to) avoid chain corruption. Since LogPrintf may
     // itself allocate memory, set the handler directly to terminate first.
     std::set_new_handler(std::terminate);
     LogPrintf("Error: Out of memory. Terminating.\n");
 
     // The log was successful, terminate now.
     std::terminate();
 };
 
 bool AppInitBasicSetup() {
 // Step 1: setup
 #ifdef _MSC_VER
     // Turn off Microsoft heap dump noise
     _CrtSetReportMode(_CRT_WARN, _CRTDBG_MODE_FILE);
     _CrtSetReportFile(_CRT_WARN, CreateFileA("NUL", GENERIC_WRITE, 0, nullptr,
                                              OPEN_EXISTING, 0, 0));
     // Disable confusing "helpful" text message on abort, Ctrl-C
     _set_abort_behavior(0, _WRITE_ABORT_MSG | _CALL_REPORTFAULT);
 #endif
 #ifdef WIN32
     // Enable Data Execution Prevention (DEP)
     SetProcessDEPPolicy(PROCESS_DEP_ENABLE);
 #endif
 
     if (!SetupNetworking()) {
-        return InitError("Initializing networking failed");
+        return InitError(Untranslated("Initializing networking failed"));
     }
 
 #ifndef WIN32
     if (!gArgs.GetBoolArg("-sysperms", false)) {
         umask(077);
     }
 
     // Clean shutdown on SIGTERM
     registerSignalHandler(SIGTERM, HandleSIGTERM);
     registerSignalHandler(SIGINT, HandleSIGTERM);
 
     // Reopen debug.log on SIGHUP
     registerSignalHandler(SIGHUP, HandleSIGHUP);
 
     // Ignore SIGPIPE, otherwise it will bring the daemon down if the client
     // closes unexpectedly
     signal(SIGPIPE, SIG_IGN);
 #else
     SetConsoleCtrlHandler(consoleCtrlHandler, true);
 #endif
 
     std::set_new_handler(new_handler_terminate);
 
     return true;
 }
 
 bool AppInitParameterInteraction(Config &config) {
     const CChainParams &chainparams = config.GetChainParams();
     // Step 2: parameter interactions
 
     // also see: InitParameterInteraction()
 
     // Warn if network-specific options (-addnode, -connect, etc) are
     // specified in default section of config file, but not overridden
     // on the command line or in this network's section of the config file.
     std::string network = gArgs.GetChainName();
     for (const auto &arg : gArgs.GetUnsuitableSectionOnlyArgs()) {
         return InitError(strprintf(_("Config setting for %s only applied on %s "
-                                     "network when in [%s] section.")
-                                       .translated,
+                                     "network when in [%s] section."),
                                    arg, network, network));
     }
 
     // Warn if unrecognized section name are present in the config file.
     for (const auto &section : gArgs.GetUnrecognizedSections()) {
         InitWarning(strprintf(
             "%s:%i " + _("Section [%s] is not recognized.").translated,
             section.m_file, section.m_line, section.m_name));
     }
 
     if (!fs::is_directory(GetBlocksDir())) {
-        return InitError(strprintf(
-            _("Specified blocks directory \"%s\" does not exist.").translated,
-            gArgs.GetArg("-blocksdir", "")));
+        return InitError(
+            strprintf(_("Specified blocks directory \"%s\" does not exist."),
+                      gArgs.GetArg("-blocksdir", "")));
     }
 
     // parse and validate enabled filter types
     std::string blockfilterindex_value =
         gArgs.GetArg("-blockfilterindex", DEFAULT_BLOCKFILTERINDEX);
     if (blockfilterindex_value == "" || blockfilterindex_value == "1") {
         g_enabled_filter_types = AllBlockFilterTypes();
     } else if (blockfilterindex_value != "0") {
         const std::vector<std::string> names =
             gArgs.GetArgs("-blockfilterindex");
         g_enabled_filter_types.reserve(names.size());
         for (const auto &name : names) {
             BlockFilterType filter_type;
             if (!BlockFilterTypeByName(name, filter_type)) {
-                return InitError(strprintf(
-                    _("Unknown -blockfilterindex value %s.").translated, name));
+                return InitError(
+                    strprintf(_("Unknown -blockfilterindex value %s."), name));
             }
             g_enabled_filter_types.push_back(filter_type);
         }
     }
 
     // if using block pruning, then disallow txindex
     if (gArgs.GetArg("-prune", 0)) {
         if (gArgs.GetBoolArg("-txindex", DEFAULT_TXINDEX)) {
-            return InitError(
-                _("Prune mode is incompatible with -txindex.").translated);
+            return InitError(_("Prune mode is incompatible with -txindex."));
         }
         if (!g_enabled_filter_types.empty()) {
             return InitError(
-                _("Prune mode is incompatible with -blockfilterindex.")
-                    .translated);
+                _("Prune mode is incompatible with -blockfilterindex."));
         }
     }
 
     // -bind and -whitebind can't be set when not listening
     size_t nUserBind =
         gArgs.GetArgs("-bind").size() + gArgs.GetArgs("-whitebind").size();
     if (nUserBind != 0 && !gArgs.GetBoolArg("-listen", DEFAULT_LISTEN)) {
-        return InitError(
-            "Cannot set -bind or -whitebind together with -listen=0");
+        return InitError(Untranslated(
+            "Cannot set -bind or -whitebind together with -listen=0"));
     }
 
     // Make sure enough file descriptors are available
     int nBind = std::max(nUserBind, size_t(1));
     nUserMaxConnections =
         gArgs.GetArg("-maxconnections", DEFAULT_MAX_PEER_CONNECTIONS);
     nMaxConnections = std::max(nUserMaxConnections, 0);
 
     // Trim requested connection counts, to fit into system limitations
     // <int> in std::min<int>(...) to work around FreeBSD compilation issue
     // described in #2695
     nFD = RaiseFileDescriptorLimit(nMaxConnections + MIN_CORE_FILEDESCRIPTORS +
                                    MAX_ADDNODE_CONNECTIONS);
 #ifdef USE_POLL
     int fd_max = nFD;
 #else
     int fd_max = FD_SETSIZE;
 #endif
     nMaxConnections =
         std::max(std::min<int>(nMaxConnections, fd_max - nBind -
                                                     MIN_CORE_FILEDESCRIPTORS -
                                                     MAX_ADDNODE_CONNECTIONS),
                  0);
     if (nFD < MIN_CORE_FILEDESCRIPTORS) {
-        return InitError(
-            _("Not enough file descriptors available.").translated);
+        return InitError(_("Not enough file descriptors available."));
     }
     nMaxConnections =
         std::min(nFD - MIN_CORE_FILEDESCRIPTORS - MAX_ADDNODE_CONNECTIONS,
                  nMaxConnections);
 
     if (nMaxConnections < nUserMaxConnections) {
         InitWarning(strprintf(_("Reducing -maxconnections from %d to %d, "
                                 "because of system limitations.")
                                   .translated,
                               nUserMaxConnections, nMaxConnections));
     }
 
     // Step 3: parameter-to-internal-flags
     if (gArgs.IsArgSet("-debug")) {
         // Special-case: if -debug=0/-nodebug is set, turn off debugging
         // messages
         const std::vector<std::string> &categories = gArgs.GetArgs("-debug");
         if (std::none_of(
                 categories.begin(), categories.end(),
                 [](std::string cat) { return cat == "0" || cat == "none"; })) {
             for (const auto &cat : categories) {
                 if (!LogInstance().EnableCategory(cat)) {
                     InitWarning(strprintf(
                         _("Unsupported logging category %s=%s.").translated,
                         "-debug", cat));
                 }
             }
         }
     }
 
     // Now remove the logging categories which were explicitly excluded
     for (const std::string &cat : gArgs.GetArgs("-debugexclude")) {
         if (!LogInstance().DisableCategory(cat)) {
             InitWarning(
                 strprintf(_("Unsupported logging category %s=%s.").translated,
                           "-debugexclude", cat));
         }
     }
 
     // Checkmempool and checkblockindex default to true in regtest mode
     int ratio = std::min<int>(
         std::max<int>(
             gArgs.GetArg("-checkmempool",
                          chainparams.DefaultConsistencyChecks() ? 1 : 0),
             0),
         1000000);
     if (ratio != 0) {
         g_mempool.setSanityCheck(1.0 / ratio);
     }
     fCheckBlockIndex = gArgs.GetBoolArg("-checkblockindex",
                                         chainparams.DefaultConsistencyChecks());
     fCheckpointsEnabled =
         gArgs.GetBoolArg("-checkpoints", DEFAULT_CHECKPOINTS_ENABLED);
     if (fCheckpointsEnabled) {
         LogPrintf("Checkpoints will be verified.\n");
     } else {
         LogPrintf("Skipping checkpoint verification.\n");
     }
 
     hashAssumeValid = BlockHash::fromHex(
         gArgs.GetArg("-assumevalid",
                      chainparams.GetConsensus().defaultAssumeValid.GetHex()));
     if (!hashAssumeValid.IsNull()) {
         LogPrintf("Assuming ancestors of block %s have valid signatures.\n",
                   hashAssumeValid.GetHex());
     } else {
         LogPrintf("Validating signatures for all blocks.\n");
     }
 
     if (gArgs.IsArgSet("-minimumchainwork")) {
         const std::string minChainWorkStr =
             gArgs.GetArg("-minimumchainwork", "");
         if (!IsHexNumber(minChainWorkStr)) {
             return InitError(strprintf(
-                "Invalid non-hex (%s) minimum chain work value specified",
+                Untranslated(
+                    "Invalid non-hex (%s) minimum chain work value specified"),
                 minChainWorkStr));
         }
         nMinimumChainWork = UintToArith256(uint256S(minChainWorkStr));
     } else {
         nMinimumChainWork =
             UintToArith256(chainparams.GetConsensus().nMinimumChainWork);
     }
     LogPrintf("Setting nMinimumChainWork=%s\n", nMinimumChainWork.GetHex());
     if (nMinimumChainWork <
         UintToArith256(chainparams.GetConsensus().nMinimumChainWork)) {
         LogPrintf("Warning: nMinimumChainWork set below default value of %s\n",
                   chainparams.GetConsensus().nMinimumChainWork.GetHex());
     }
 
     // mempool limits
     int64_t nMempoolSizeMax =
         gArgs.GetArg("-maxmempool", DEFAULT_MAX_MEMPOOL_SIZE) * 1000000;
     int64_t nMempoolSizeMin =
         gArgs.GetArg("-limitdescendantsize", DEFAULT_DESCENDANT_SIZE_LIMIT) *
         1000 * 40;
     if (nMempoolSizeMax < 0 || nMempoolSizeMax < nMempoolSizeMin) {
-        return InitError(
-            strprintf(_("-maxmempool must be at least %d MB").translated,
-                      std::ceil(nMempoolSizeMin / 1000000.0)));
+        return InitError(strprintf(_("-maxmempool must be at least %d MB"),
+                                   std::ceil(nMempoolSizeMin / 1000000.0)));
     }
 
     // Configure excessive block size.
     const uint64_t nProposedExcessiveBlockSize =
         gArgs.GetArg("-excessiveblocksize", DEFAULT_MAX_BLOCK_SIZE);
     if (!config.SetMaxBlockSize(nProposedExcessiveBlockSize)) {
         return InitError(
-            _("Excessive block size must be > 1,000,000 bytes (1MB)")
-                .translated);
+            _("Excessive block size must be > 1,000,000 bytes (1MB)"));
     }
 
     // Check blockmaxsize does not exceed maximum accepted block size.
     const uint64_t nProposedMaxGeneratedBlockSize =
         gArgs.GetArg("-blockmaxsize", DEFAULT_MAX_GENERATED_BLOCK_SIZE);
     if (nProposedMaxGeneratedBlockSize > config.GetMaxBlockSize()) {
         auto msg = _("Max generated block size (blockmaxsize) cannot exceed "
-                     "the excessive block size (excessiveblocksize)")
-                       .translated;
+                     "the excessive block size (excessiveblocksize)");
         return InitError(msg);
     }
 
     // block pruning; get the amount of disk space (in MiB) to allot for block &
     // undo files
     int64_t nPruneArg = gArgs.GetArg("-prune", 0);
     if (nPruneArg < 0) {
         return InitError(
-            _("Prune cannot be configured with a negative value.").translated);
+            _("Prune cannot be configured with a negative value."));
     }
     nPruneTarget = (uint64_t)nPruneArg * 1024 * 1024;
     if (nPruneArg == 1) {
         // manual pruning: -prune=1
         LogPrintf("Block pruning enabled.  Use RPC call "
                   "pruneblockchain(height) to manually prune block and undo "
                   "files.\n");
         nPruneTarget = std::numeric_limits<uint64_t>::max();
         fPruneMode = true;
     } else if (nPruneTarget) {
         if (nPruneTarget < MIN_DISK_SPACE_FOR_BLOCK_FILES) {
             return InitError(
                 strprintf(_("Prune configured below the minimum of %d MiB. "
-                            "Please use a higher number.")
-                              .translated,
+                            "Please use a higher number."),
                           MIN_DISK_SPACE_FOR_BLOCK_FILES / 1024 / 1024));
         }
         LogPrintf("Prune configured to target %u MiB on disk for block and "
                   "undo files.\n",
                   nPruneTarget / 1024 / 1024);
         fPruneMode = true;
     }
 
     nConnectTimeout = gArgs.GetArg("-timeout", DEFAULT_CONNECT_TIMEOUT);
     if (nConnectTimeout <= 0) {
         nConnectTimeout = DEFAULT_CONNECT_TIMEOUT;
     }
 
     peer_connect_timeout =
         gArgs.GetArg("-peertimeout", DEFAULT_PEER_CONNECT_TIMEOUT);
     if (peer_connect_timeout <= 0) {
-        return InitError(
-            "peertimeout cannot be configured with a negative value.");
+        return InitError(Untranslated(
+            "peertimeout cannot be configured with a negative value."));
     }
 
     // Obtain the amount to charge excess UTXO
     if (gArgs.IsArgSet("-excessutxocharge")) {
         Amount n = Amount::zero();
         auto parsed = ParseMoney(gArgs.GetArg("-excessutxocharge", ""), n);
         if (!parsed || Amount::zero() > n) {
-            return InitError(AmountErrMsg("excessutxocharge",
-                                          gArgs.GetArg("-excessutxocharge", ""))
-                                 .translated);
+            return InitError(AmountErrMsg(
+                "excessutxocharge", gArgs.GetArg("-excessutxocharge", "")));
         }
         config.SetExcessUTXOCharge(n);
     } else {
         config.SetExcessUTXOCharge(DEFAULT_UTXO_FEE);
     }
 
     if (gArgs.IsArgSet("-minrelaytxfee")) {
         Amount n = Amount::zero();
         auto parsed = ParseMoney(gArgs.GetArg("-minrelaytxfee", ""), n);
         if (!parsed || n == Amount::zero()) {
             return InitError(AmountErrMsg("minrelaytxfee",
-                                          gArgs.GetArg("-minrelaytxfee", ""))
-                                 .translated);
+                                          gArgs.GetArg("-minrelaytxfee", "")));
         }
         // High fee check is done afterward in CWallet::CreateWalletFromFile()
         ::minRelayTxFee = CFeeRate(n);
     }
 
     // Sanity check argument for min fee for including tx in block
     // TODO: Harmonize which arguments need sanity checking and where that
     // happens.
     if (gArgs.IsArgSet("-blockmintxfee")) {
         Amount n = Amount::zero();
         if (!ParseMoney(gArgs.GetArg("-blockmintxfee", ""), n)) {
             return InitError(AmountErrMsg("blockmintxfee",
-                                          gArgs.GetArg("-blockmintxfee", ""))
-                                 .translated);
+                                          gArgs.GetArg("-blockmintxfee", "")));
         }
     }
 
     // Feerate used to define dust.  Shouldn't be changed lightly as old
     // implementations may inadvertently create non-standard transactions.
     if (gArgs.IsArgSet("-dustrelayfee")) {
         Amount n = Amount::zero();
         auto parsed = ParseMoney(gArgs.GetArg("-dustrelayfee", ""), n);
         if (!parsed || Amount::zero() == n) {
-            return InitError(
-                AmountErrMsg("dustrelayfee", gArgs.GetArg("-dustrelayfee", ""))
-                    .translated);
+            return InitError(AmountErrMsg("dustrelayfee",
+                                          gArgs.GetArg("-dustrelayfee", "")));
         }
         dustRelayFee = CFeeRate(n);
     }
 
     fRequireStandard =
         !gArgs.GetBoolArg("-acceptnonstdtxn", !chainparams.RequireStandard());
     if (!chainparams.IsTestChain() && !fRequireStandard) {
-        return InitError(
-            strprintf("acceptnonstdtxn is not currently supported for %s chain",
-                      chainparams.NetworkIDString()));
+        return InitError(strprintf(
+            Untranslated(
+                "acceptnonstdtxn is not currently supported for %s chain"),
+            chainparams.NetworkIDString()));
     }
     nBytesPerSigOp = gArgs.GetArg("-bytespersigop", nBytesPerSigOp);
 
     if (!g_wallet_init_interface.ParameterInteraction()) {
         return false;
     }
 
     fIsBareMultisigStd =
         gArgs.GetBoolArg("-permitbaremultisig", DEFAULT_PERMIT_BAREMULTISIG);
     fAcceptDatacarrier =
         gArgs.GetBoolArg("-datacarrier", DEFAULT_ACCEPT_DATACARRIER);
 
     // Option to startup with mocktime set (used for regression testing):
     SetMockTime(gArgs.GetArg("-mocktime", 0)); // SetMockTime(0) is a no-op
 
     if (gArgs.GetBoolArg("-peerbloomfilters", DEFAULT_PEERBLOOMFILTERS)) {
         nLocalServices = ServiceFlags(nLocalServices | NODE_BLOOM);
     }
 
     // Signal Bitcoin Cash support.
     // TODO: remove some time after the hardfork when no longer needed
     // to differentiate the network nodes.
     nLocalServices = ServiceFlags(nLocalServices | NODE_BITCOIN_CASH);
 
     nMaxTipAge = gArgs.GetArg("-maxtipage", DEFAULT_MAX_TIP_AGE);
 
     return true;
 }
 
 static bool LockDataDirectory(bool probeOnly) {
     // Make sure only a single Bitcoin process is using the data directory.
     fs::path datadir = GetDataDir();
     if (!DirIsWritable(datadir)) {
         return InitError(strprintf(
-            _("Cannot write to data directory '%s'; check permissions.")
-                .translated,
+            _("Cannot write to data directory '%s'; check permissions."),
             datadir.string()));
     }
     if (!LockDirectory(datadir, ".lock", probeOnly)) {
         return InitError(strprintf(_("Cannot obtain a lock on data directory "
-                                     "%s. %s is probably already running.")
-                                       .translated,
+                                     "%s. %s is probably already running."),
                                    datadir.string(), PACKAGE_NAME));
     }
     return true;
 }
 
 bool AppInitSanityChecks() {
     // Step 4: sanity checks
 
     // Initialize elliptic curve code
     std::string sha256_algo = SHA256AutoDetect();
     LogPrintf("Using the '%s' SHA256 implementation\n", sha256_algo);
     RandomInit();
     ECC_Start();
     globalVerifyHandle.reset(new ECCVerifyHandle());
 
     // Sanity check
     if (!InitSanityCheck()) {
         return InitError(strprintf(
-            _("Initialization sanity check failed. %s is shutting down.")
-                .translated,
+            _("Initialization sanity check failed. %s is shutting down."),
             PACKAGE_NAME));
     }
 
     // Probe the data directory lock to give an early error message, if possible
     // We cannot hold the data directory lock here, as the forking for daemon()
     // hasn't yet happened, and a fork will cause weird behavior to it.
     return LockDataDirectory(true);
 }
 
 bool AppInitLockDataDirectory() {
     // After daemonization get the data directory lock again and hold on to it
     // until exit. This creates a slight window for a race condition to happen,
     // however this condition is harmless: it will at most make us exit without
     // printing a message to console.
     if (!LockDataDirectory(false)) {
         // Detailed error printed inside LockDataDirectory
         return false;
     }
     return true;
 }
 
 bool AppInitMain(Config &config, RPCServer &rpcServer,
                  HTTPRPCRequestProcessor &httpRPCRequestProcessor,
                  NodeContext &node) {
     // Step 4a: application initialization
     const CChainParams &chainparams = config.GetChainParams();
 
     if (!CreatePidFile()) {
         // Detailed error printed inside CreatePidFile().
         return false;
     }
 
     BCLog::Logger &logger = LogInstance();
     if (logger.m_print_to_file) {
         if (gArgs.GetBoolArg("-shrinkdebugfile",
                              logger.DefaultShrinkDebugFile())) {
             // Do this first since it both loads a bunch of debug.log into
             // memory, and because this needs to happen before any other
             // debug.log printing.
             logger.ShrinkDebugFile();
         }
     }
 
     if (!logger.StartLogging()) {
-        return InitError(strprintf("Could not open debug log file %s",
-                                   logger.m_file_path.string()));
+        return InitError(
+            strprintf(Untranslated("Could not open debug log file %s"),
+                      logger.m_file_path.string()));
     }
 
     if (!logger.m_log_timestamps) {
         LogPrintf("Startup time: %s\n", FormatISO8601DateTime(GetTime()));
     }
     LogPrintf("Default data directory %s\n", GetDefaultDataDir().string());
     LogPrintf("Using data directory %s\n", GetDataDir().string());
 
     // Only log conf file usage message if conf file actually exists.
     fs::path config_file_path =
         GetConfigFile(gArgs.GetArg("-conf", BITCOIN_CONF_FILENAME));
     if (fs::exists(config_file_path)) {
         LogPrintf("Config file: %s\n", config_file_path.string());
     } else if (gArgs.IsArgSet("-conf")) {
         // Warn if no conf file exists at path provided by user
         InitWarning(strprintf(
             _("The specified config file %s does not exist\n").translated,
             config_file_path.string()));
     } else {
         // Not categorizing as "Warning" because it's the default behavior
         LogPrintf("Config file: %s (not found, skipping)\n",
                   config_file_path.string());
     }
 
     // Log the config arguments to debug.log
     gArgs.LogArgs();
 
     LogPrintf("Using at most %i automatic connections (%i file descriptors "
               "available)\n",
               nMaxConnections, nFD);
 
     // Warn about relative -datadir path.
     if (gArgs.IsArgSet("-datadir") &&
         !fs::path(gArgs.GetArg("-datadir", "")).is_absolute()) {
         LogPrintf("Warning: relative datadir option '%s' specified, which will "
                   "be interpreted relative to the current working directory "
                   "'%s'. This is fragile, because if bitcoin is started in the "
                   "future from a different location, it will be unable to "
                   "locate the current data files. There could also be data "
                   "loss if bitcoin is started while in a temporary "
                   "directory.\n",
                   gArgs.GetArg("-datadir", ""), fs::current_path().string());
     }
 
     InitSignatureCache();
     InitScriptExecutionCache();
 
     int script_threads = gArgs.GetArg("-par", DEFAULT_SCRIPTCHECK_THREADS);
     if (script_threads <= 0) {
         // -par=0 means autodetect (number of cores - 1 script threads)
         // -par=-n means "leave n cores free" (number of cores - n - 1 script
         // threads)
         script_threads += GetNumCores();
     }
 
     // Subtract 1 because the main thread counts towards the par threads
     script_threads = std::max(script_threads - 1, 0);
 
     // Number of script-checking threads <= MAX_SCRIPTCHECK_THREADS
     script_threads = std::min(script_threads, MAX_SCRIPTCHECK_THREADS);
 
     LogPrintf("Script verification uses %d additional threads\n",
               script_threads);
     if (script_threads >= 1) {
         for (int i = 0; i < script_threads; ++i) {
             threadGroup.create_thread([i]() { return ThreadScriptCheck(i); });
         }
     }
 
     assert(!node.scheduler);
     node.scheduler = std::make_unique<CScheduler>();
 
     // Start the lightweight task scheduler thread
     CScheduler::Function serviceLoop = [&node] {
         node.scheduler->serviceQueue();
     };
     threadGroup.create_thread(std::bind(&TraceThread<CScheduler::Function>,
                                         "scheduler", serviceLoop));
 
     // Gather some entropy once per minute.
     node.scheduler->scheduleEvery(
         [] {
             RandAddPeriodic();
             return true;
         },
         std::chrono::minutes{1});
 
     GetMainSignals().RegisterBackgroundSignalScheduler(*node.scheduler);
 
     // Create client interfaces for wallets that are supposed to be loaded
     // according to -wallet and -disablewallet options. This only constructs
     // the interfaces, it doesn't load wallet data. Wallets actually get loaded
     // when load() and start() interface methods are called below.
     g_wallet_init_interface.Construct(node);
 
     /**
      * Register RPC commands regardless of -server setting so they will be
      * available in the GUI RPC console even if external calls are disabled.
      */
     RegisterAllRPCCommands(config, rpcServer, tableRPC);
     for (const auto &client : node.chain_clients) {
         client->registerRpcs();
     }
     g_rpc_node = &node;
 #if ENABLE_ZMQ
     RegisterZMQRPCCommands(tableRPC);
 #endif
 
     /**
      * Start the RPC server.  It will be started in "warmup" mode and not
      * process calls yet (but it will verify that the server is there and will
      * be ready later).  Warmup mode will be completed when initialisation is
      * finished.
      */
     if (gArgs.GetBoolArg("-server", false)) {
         uiInterface.InitMessage_connect(SetRPCWarmupStatus);
         if (!AppInitServers(config, httpRPCRequestProcessor)) {
             return InitError(
-                _("Unable to start HTTP server. See debug log for details.")
-                    .translated);
+                _("Unable to start HTTP server. See debug log for details."));
         }
     }
 
     // Step 5: verify wallet database integrity
     for (const auto &client : node.chain_clients) {
         if (!client->verify(chainparams)) {
             return false;
         }
     }
 
     // Step 6: network initialization
 
     // Note that we absolutely cannot open any actual connections
     // until the very end ("start node") as the UTXO/block state
     // is not yet setup and may end up being set up twice if we
     // need to reindex later.
 
     assert(!node.banman);
     node.banman = std::make_unique<BanMan>(
         GetDataDir() / "banlist.dat", config.GetChainParams(), &uiInterface,
         gArgs.GetArg("-bantime", DEFAULT_MISBEHAVING_BANTIME));
     assert(!node.connman);
     node.connman = std::make_unique<CConnman>(
         config, GetRand(std::numeric_limits<uint64_t>::max()),
         GetRand(std::numeric_limits<uint64_t>::max()));
 
     node.peer_logic.reset(new PeerLogicValidation(
         node.connman.get(), node.banman.get(), *node.scheduler));
     RegisterValidationInterface(node.peer_logic.get());
 
     // sanitize comments per BIP-0014, format user agent and check total size
     std::vector<std::string> uacomments;
     for (const std::string &cmt : gArgs.GetArgs("-uacomment")) {
         if (cmt != SanitizeString(cmt, SAFE_CHARS_UA_COMMENT)) {
             return InitError(strprintf(
-                _("User Agent comment (%s) contains unsafe characters.")
-                    .translated,
-                cmt));
+                _("User Agent comment (%s) contains unsafe characters."), cmt));
         }
         uacomments.push_back(cmt);
     }
     const std::string strSubVersion =
         FormatSubVersion(CLIENT_NAME, CLIENT_VERSION, uacomments);
     if (strSubVersion.size() > MAX_SUBVERSION_LENGTH) {
         return InitError(strprintf(
             _("Total length of network version string (%i) exceeds maximum "
-              "length (%i). Reduce the number or size of uacomments.")
-                .translated,
+              "length (%i). Reduce the number or size of uacomments."),
             strSubVersion.size(), MAX_SUBVERSION_LENGTH));
     }
 
     if (gArgs.IsArgSet("-onlynet")) {
         std::set<enum Network> nets;
         for (const std::string &snet : gArgs.GetArgs("-onlynet")) {
             enum Network net = ParseNetwork(snet);
             if (net == NET_UNROUTABLE) {
                 return InitError(strprintf(
-                    _("Unknown network specified in -onlynet: '%s'").translated,
-                    snet));
+                    _("Unknown network specified in -onlynet: '%s'"), snet));
             }
             nets.insert(net);
         }
         for (int n = 0; n < NET_MAX; n++) {
             enum Network net = (enum Network)n;
             if (!nets.count(net)) {
                 SetReachable(net, false);
             }
         }
     }
 
     // Check for host lookup allowed before parsing any network related
     // parameters
     fNameLookup = gArgs.GetBoolArg("-dns", DEFAULT_NAME_LOOKUP);
 
     bool proxyRandomize =
         gArgs.GetBoolArg("-proxyrandomize", DEFAULT_PROXYRANDOMIZE);
     // -proxy sets a proxy for all outgoing network traffic
     // -noproxy (or -proxy=0) as well as the empty string can be used to not set
     // a proxy, this is the default
     std::string proxyArg = gArgs.GetArg("-proxy", "");
     SetReachable(NET_ONION, false);
     if (proxyArg != "" && proxyArg != "0") {
         CService proxyAddr;
         if (!Lookup(proxyArg.c_str(), proxyAddr, 9050, fNameLookup)) {
             return InitError(strprintf(
-                _("Invalid -proxy address or hostname: '%s'").translated,
-                proxyArg));
+                _("Invalid -proxy address or hostname: '%s'"), proxyArg));
         }
 
         proxyType addrProxy = proxyType(proxyAddr, proxyRandomize);
         if (!addrProxy.IsValid()) {
             return InitError(strprintf(
-                _("Invalid -proxy address or hostname: '%s'").translated,
-                proxyArg));
+                _("Invalid -proxy address or hostname: '%s'"), proxyArg));
         }
 
         SetProxy(NET_IPV4, addrProxy);
         SetProxy(NET_IPV6, addrProxy);
         SetProxy(NET_ONION, addrProxy);
         SetNameProxy(addrProxy);
         // by default, -proxy sets onion as reachable, unless -noonion later
         SetReachable(NET_ONION, true);
     }
 
     // -onion can be used to set only a proxy for .onion, or override normal
     // proxy for .onion addresses.
     // -noonion (or -onion=0) disables connecting to .onion entirely. An empty
     // string is used to not override the onion proxy (in which case it defaults
     // to -proxy set above, or none)
     std::string onionArg = gArgs.GetArg("-onion", "");
     if (onionArg != "") {
         if (onionArg == "0") {
             // Handle -noonion/-onion=0
             SetReachable(NET_ONION, false);
         } else {
             CService onionProxy;
             if (!Lookup(onionArg.c_str(), onionProxy, 9050, fNameLookup)) {
                 return InitError(strprintf(
-                    _("Invalid -onion address or hostname: '%s'").translated,
-                    onionArg));
+                    _("Invalid -onion address or hostname: '%s'"), onionArg));
             }
             proxyType addrOnion = proxyType(onionProxy, proxyRandomize);
             if (!addrOnion.IsValid()) {
                 return InitError(strprintf(
-                    _("Invalid -onion address or hostname: '%s'").translated,
-                    onionArg));
+                    _("Invalid -onion address or hostname: '%s'"), onionArg));
             }
             SetProxy(NET_ONION, addrOnion);
             SetReachable(NET_ONION, true);
         }
     }
 
     // see Step 2: parameter interactions for more information about these
     fListen = gArgs.GetBoolArg("-listen", DEFAULT_LISTEN);
     fDiscover = gArgs.GetBoolArg("-discover", true);
     g_relay_txes = !gArgs.GetBoolArg("-blocksonly", DEFAULT_BLOCKSONLY);
 
     for (const std::string &strAddr : gArgs.GetArgs("-externalip")) {
         CService addrLocal;
         if (Lookup(strAddr.c_str(), addrLocal, GetListenPort(), fNameLookup) &&
             addrLocal.IsValid()) {
             AddLocal(addrLocal, LOCAL_MANUAL);
         } else {
-            return InitError(ResolveErrMsg("externalip", strAddr));
+            return InitError(
+                Untranslated(ResolveErrMsg("externalip", strAddr)));
         }
     }
 
 #if ENABLE_ZMQ
     g_zmq_notification_interface = CZMQNotificationInterface::Create();
 
     if (g_zmq_notification_interface) {
         RegisterValidationInterface(g_zmq_notification_interface);
     }
 #endif
     // unlimited unless -maxuploadtarget is set
     uint64_t nMaxOutboundLimit = 0;
     uint64_t nMaxOutboundTimeframe = MAX_UPLOAD_TIMEFRAME;
 
     if (gArgs.IsArgSet("-maxuploadtarget")) {
         nMaxOutboundLimit =
             gArgs.GetArg("-maxuploadtarget", DEFAULT_MAX_UPLOAD_TARGET) * 1024 *
             1024;
     }
 
     // Step 6.5 (I guess ?): Initialize Avalanche.
     g_avalanche = std::make_unique<avalanche::Processor>(node.connman.get());
 
     // Step 7: load block chain
 
     fReindex = gArgs.GetBoolArg("-reindex", false);
     bool fReindexChainState = gArgs.GetBoolArg("-reindex-chainstate", false);
 
     // cache size calculations
     int64_t nTotalCache = (gArgs.GetArg("-dbcache", nDefaultDbCache) << 20);
     // total cache cannot be less than nMinDbCache
     nTotalCache = std::max(nTotalCache, nMinDbCache << 20);
     // total cache cannot be greater than nMaxDbcache
     nTotalCache = std::min(nTotalCache, nMaxDbCache << 20);
     int64_t nBlockTreeDBCache =
         std::min(nTotalCache / 8, nMaxBlockDBCache << 20);
     nTotalCache -= nBlockTreeDBCache;
     int64_t nTxIndexCache =
         std::min(nTotalCache / 8, gArgs.GetBoolArg("-txindex", DEFAULT_TXINDEX)
                                       ? nMaxTxIndexCache << 20
                                       : 0);
     nTotalCache -= nTxIndexCache;
     int64_t filter_index_cache = 0;
     if (!g_enabled_filter_types.empty()) {
         size_t n_indexes = g_enabled_filter_types.size();
         int64_t max_cache =
             std::min(nTotalCache / 8, max_filter_index_cache << 20);
         filter_index_cache = max_cache / n_indexes;
         nTotalCache -= filter_index_cache * n_indexes;
     }
     // use 25%-50% of the remainder for disk cache
     int64_t nCoinDBCache =
         std::min(nTotalCache / 2, (nTotalCache / 4) + (1 << 23));
     // cap total coins db cache
     nCoinDBCache = std::min(nCoinDBCache, nMaxCoinsDBCache << 20);
     nTotalCache -= nCoinDBCache;
     // the rest goes to in-memory cache
     nCoinCacheUsage = nTotalCache;
     int64_t nMempoolSizeMax =
         gArgs.GetArg("-maxmempool", DEFAULT_MAX_MEMPOOL_SIZE) * 1000000;
     LogPrintf("Cache configuration:\n");
     LogPrintf("* Using %.1f MiB for block index database\n",
               nBlockTreeDBCache * (1.0 / 1024 / 1024));
     if (gArgs.GetBoolArg("-txindex", DEFAULT_TXINDEX)) {
         LogPrintf("* Using %.1f MiB for transaction index database\n",
                   nTxIndexCache * (1.0 / 1024 / 1024));
     }
     for (BlockFilterType filter_type : g_enabled_filter_types) {
         LogPrintf("* Using %.1f MiB for %s block filter index database\n",
                   filter_index_cache * (1.0 / 1024 / 1024),
                   BlockFilterTypeName(filter_type));
     }
     LogPrintf("* Using %.1f MiB for chain state database\n",
               nCoinDBCache * (1.0 / 1024 / 1024));
     LogPrintf("* Using %.1f MiB for in-memory UTXO set (plus up to %.1f MiB of "
               "unused mempool space)\n",
               nCoinCacheUsage * (1.0 / 1024 / 1024),
               nMempoolSizeMax * (1.0 / 1024 / 1024));
 
     bool fLoaded = false;
     while (!fLoaded && !ShutdownRequested()) {
         const bool fReset = fReindex;
         bilingual_str strLoadError;
 
         uiInterface.InitMessage(_("Loading block index...").translated);
         do {
             const int64_t load_block_index_start_time = GetTimeMillis();
             try {
                 LOCK(cs_main);
                 // This statement makes ::ChainstateActive() usable.
                 g_chainstate = std::make_unique<CChainState>();
                 UnloadBlockIndex();
 
                 // new CBlockTreeDB tries to delete the existing file, which
                 // fails if it's still open from the previous loop. Close it
                 // first:
                 pblocktree.reset();
                 pblocktree.reset(
                     new CBlockTreeDB(nBlockTreeDBCache, false, fReset));
 
                 if (fReset) {
                     pblocktree->WriteReindexing(true);
                     // If we're reindexing in prune mode, wipe away unusable
                     // block files and all undo data files
                     if (fPruneMode) {
                         CleanupBlockRevFiles();
                     }
                 }
 
                 if (ShutdownRequested()) {
                     break;
                 }
 
                 const Consensus::Params &params = chainparams.GetConsensus();
 
                 // LoadBlockIndex will load fHavePruned if we've ever removed a
                 // block file from disk.
                 // Note that it also sets fReindex based on the disk flag!
                 // From here on out fReindex and fReset mean something
                 // different!
                 if (!LoadBlockIndex(params)) {
                     if (ShutdownRequested()) {
                         break;
                     }
                     strLoadError = _("Error loading block database");
                     break;
                 }
 
                 // If the loaded chain has a wrong genesis, bail out immediately
                 // (we're likely using a testnet datadir, or the other way
                 // around).
                 if (!::BlockIndex().empty() &&
                     !LookupBlockIndex(params.hashGenesisBlock)) {
                     return InitError(_("Incorrect or no genesis block found. "
-                                       "Wrong datadir for network?")
-                                         .translated);
+                                       "Wrong datadir for network?"));
                 }
 
                 // Check for changed -prune state.  What we are concerned about
                 // is a user who has pruned blocks in the past, but is now
                 // trying to run unpruned.
                 if (fHavePruned && !fPruneMode) {
                     strLoadError =
                         _("You need to rebuild the database using -reindex to "
                           "go back to unpruned mode.  This will redownload the "
                           "entire blockchain");
                     break;
                 }
 
                 // At this point blocktree args are consistent with what's on
                 // disk. If we're not mid-reindex (based on disk + args), add a
                 // genesis block on disk (otherwise we use the one already on
                 // disk).
                 // This is called again in ThreadImport after the reindex
                 // completes.
                 if (!fReindex && !LoadGenesisBlock(chainparams)) {
                     strLoadError = _("Error initializing block database");
                     break;
                 }
 
                 // At this point we're either in reindex or we've loaded a
                 // useful block tree into BlockIndex()!
 
                 ::ChainstateActive().InitCoinsDB(
                     /* cache_size_bytes */ nCoinDBCache,
                     /* in_memory */ false,
                     /* should_wipe */ fReset || fReindexChainState);
 
                 ::ChainstateActive().CoinsErrorCatcher().AddReadErrCallback(
                     []() {
                         uiInterface.ThreadSafeMessageBox(
                             _("Error reading from database, shutting down."),
                             "", CClientUIInterface::MSG_ERROR);
                     });
 
                 // If necessary, upgrade from older database format.
                 // This is a no-op if we cleared the coinsviewdb with -reindex
                 // or -reindex-chainstate
                 if (!::ChainstateActive().CoinsDB().Upgrade()) {
                     strLoadError = _("Error upgrading chainstate database");
                     break;
                 }
 
                 // ReplayBlocks is a no-op if we cleared the coinsviewdb with
                 // -reindex or -reindex-chainstate
                 if (!::ChainstateActive().ReplayBlocks(params)) {
                     strLoadError =
                         _("Unable to replay blocks. You will need to rebuild "
                           "the database using -reindex-chainstate.");
                     break;
                 }
 
                 // The on-disk coinsdb is now in a good state, create the cache
                 ::ChainstateActive().InitCoinsCache();
                 assert(::ChainstateActive().CanFlushToDisk());
 
                 bool is_coinsview_empty =
                     fReset || fReindexChainState ||
                     ::ChainstateActive().CoinsTip().GetBestBlock().IsNull();
                 if (!is_coinsview_empty) {
                     // LoadChainTip initializes the chain based on CoinsTip()'s
                     // best block
                     if (!::ChainstateActive().LoadChainTip(chainparams)) {
                         strLoadError = _("Error initializing block database");
                         break;
                     }
                     assert(::ChainActive().Tip() != nullptr);
 
                     uiInterface.InitMessage(
                         _("Verifying blocks...").translated);
                     if (fHavePruned &&
                         gArgs.GetArg("-checkblocks", DEFAULT_CHECKBLOCKS) >
                             MIN_BLOCKS_TO_KEEP) {
                         LogPrintf(
                             "Prune: pruned datadir may not have more than %d "
                             "blocks; only checking available blocks\n",
                             MIN_BLOCKS_TO_KEEP);
                     }
 
                     CBlockIndex *tip = ::ChainActive().Tip();
                     RPCNotifyBlockChange(true, tip);
                     if (tip && tip->nTime >
                                    GetAdjustedTime() + MAX_FUTURE_BLOCK_TIME) {
                         strLoadError =
                             _("The block database contains a block which "
                               "appears to be from the future. This may be due "
                               "to your computer's date and time being set "
                               "incorrectly. Only rebuild the block database if "
                               "you are sure that your computer's date and time "
                               "are correct");
                         break;
                     }
 
                     if (!CVerifyDB().VerifyDB(
                             config, &::ChainstateActive().CoinsDB(),
                             gArgs.GetArg("-checklevel", DEFAULT_CHECKLEVEL),
                             gArgs.GetArg("-checkblocks",
                                          DEFAULT_CHECKBLOCKS))) {
                         strLoadError = _("Corrupted block database detected");
                         break;
                     }
                 }
             } catch (const std::exception &e) {
                 LogPrintf("%s\n", e.what());
                 strLoadError = _("Error opening block database");
                 break;
             }
 
             fLoaded = true;
             LogPrintf(" block index %15dms\n",
                       GetTimeMillis() - load_block_index_start_time);
         } while (false);
 
         if (!fLoaded && !ShutdownRequested()) {
             // first suggest a reindex
             if (!fReset) {
                 bool fRet = uiInterface.ThreadSafeQuestion(
                     strLoadError + Untranslated(".\n\n") +
                         _("Do you want to rebuild the block database now?"),
                     strLoadError.original +
                         ".\nPlease restart with -reindex or "
                         "-reindex-chainstate to recover.",
                     "",
                     CClientUIInterface::MSG_ERROR |
                         CClientUIInterface::BTN_ABORT);
                 if (fRet) {
                     fReindex = true;
                     AbortShutdown();
                 } else {
                     LogPrintf("Aborted block database rebuild. Exiting.\n");
                     return false;
                 }
             } else {
-                return InitError(strLoadError.translated);
+                return InitError(strLoadError);
             }
         }
     }
 
     // As LoadBlockIndex can take several minutes, it's possible the user
     // requested to kill the GUI during the last operation. If so, exit.
     // As the program has not fully started yet, Shutdown() is possibly
     // overkill.
     if (ShutdownRequested()) {
         LogPrintf("Shutdown requested. Exiting.\n");
         return false;
     }
 
     // Encoded addresses using cashaddr instead of base58.
     // We do this by default to avoid confusion with BTC addresses.
     config.SetCashAddrEncoding(gArgs.GetBoolArg("-usecashaddr", true));
 
     // Now that the chain state is loaded, make mempool generally available in
     // the node context. For example the connection manager, wallet, or RPC
     // threads, which are all started after this, may use it from the node
     // context.
     assert(!node.mempool);
     node.mempool = &::g_mempool;
 
     // Step 8: load indexers
     if (gArgs.GetBoolArg("-txindex", DEFAULT_TXINDEX)) {
         g_txindex = std::make_unique<TxIndex>(nTxIndexCache, false, fReindex);
         g_txindex->Start();
     }
 
     for (const auto &filter_type : g_enabled_filter_types) {
         InitBlockFilterIndex(filter_type, filter_index_cache, false, fReindex);
         GetBlockFilterIndex(filter_type)->Start();
     }
 
     // Step 9: load wallet
     for (const auto &client : node.chain_clients) {
         if (!client->load(chainparams)) {
             return false;
         }
     }
 
     // Step 10: data directory maintenance
 
     // if pruning, unset the service bit and perform the initial blockstore
     // prune after any wallet rescanning has taken place.
     if (fPruneMode) {
         LogPrintf("Unsetting NODE_NETWORK on prune mode\n");
         nLocalServices = ServiceFlags(nLocalServices & ~NODE_NETWORK);
         if (!fReindex) {
             uiInterface.InitMessage(_("Pruning blockstore...").translated);
             ::ChainstateActive().PruneAndFlush();
         }
     }
 
     // Step 11: import blocks
     if (!CheckDiskSpace(GetDataDir())) {
-        InitError(strprintf(_("Error: Disk space is low for %s").translated,
-                            GetDataDir()));
+        InitError(
+            strprintf(_("Error: Disk space is low for %s"), GetDataDir()));
         return false;
     }
     if (!CheckDiskSpace(GetBlocksDir())) {
-        InitError(strprintf(_("Error: Disk space is low for %s").translated,
-                            GetBlocksDir()));
+        InitError(
+            strprintf(_("Error: Disk space is low for %s"), GetBlocksDir()));
         return false;
     }
 
     // Either install a handler to notify us when genesis activates, or set
     // fHaveGenesis directly.
     // No locking, as this happens before any background thread is started.
     boost::signals2::connection block_notify_genesis_wait_connection;
     if (::ChainActive().Tip() == nullptr) {
         block_notify_genesis_wait_connection =
             uiInterface.NotifyBlockTip_connect(BlockNotifyGenesisWait);
     } else {
         fHaveGenesis = true;
     }
 
 #if defined(HAVE_SYSTEM)
     if (gArgs.IsArgSet("-blocknotify")) {
         uiInterface.NotifyBlockTip_connect(BlockNotifyCallback);
     }
 #endif
 
     std::vector<fs::path> vImportFiles;
     for (const std::string &strFile : gArgs.GetArgs("-loadblock")) {
         vImportFiles.push_back(strFile);
     }
 
     threadGroup.create_thread(
         std::bind(&ThreadImport, std::ref(config), vImportFiles));
 
     // Wait for genesis block to be processed
     {
         WAIT_LOCK(g_genesis_wait_mutex, lock);
         // We previously could hang here if StartShutdown() is called prior to
         // ThreadImport getting started, so instead we just wait on a timer to
         // check ShutdownRequested() regularly.
         while (!fHaveGenesis && !ShutdownRequested()) {
             g_genesis_wait_cv.wait_for(lock, std::chrono::milliseconds(500));
         }
         block_notify_genesis_wait_connection.disconnect();
     }
 
     if (ShutdownRequested()) {
         return false;
     }
 
     // Step 12: start node
 
     int chain_active_height;
 
     //// debug print
     {
         LOCK(cs_main);
         LogPrintf("block tree size = %u\n", ::BlockIndex().size());
         chain_active_height = ::ChainActive().Height();
     }
     LogPrintf("nBestHeight = %d\n", chain_active_height);
 
     if (gArgs.GetBoolArg("-listenonion", DEFAULT_LISTEN_ONION)) {
         StartTorControl();
     }
 
     Discover();
 
     // Map ports with UPnP
     if (gArgs.GetBoolArg("-upnp", DEFAULT_UPNP)) {
         StartMapPort();
     }
 
     CConnman::Options connOptions;
     connOptions.nLocalServices = nLocalServices;
     connOptions.nMaxConnections = nMaxConnections;
     connOptions.m_max_outbound_full_relay = std::min(
         MAX_OUTBOUND_FULL_RELAY_CONNECTIONS, connOptions.nMaxConnections);
     connOptions.m_max_outbound_block_relay = std::min(
         MAX_BLOCKS_ONLY_CONNECTIONS,
         connOptions.nMaxConnections - connOptions.m_max_outbound_full_relay);
     connOptions.nMaxAddnode = MAX_ADDNODE_CONNECTIONS;
     connOptions.nMaxFeeler = 1;
     connOptions.nBestHeight = chain_active_height;
     connOptions.uiInterface = &uiInterface;
     connOptions.m_banman = node.banman.get();
     connOptions.m_msgproc = node.peer_logic.get();
     connOptions.nSendBufferMaxSize =
         1000 * gArgs.GetArg("-maxsendbuffer", DEFAULT_MAXSENDBUFFER);
     connOptions.nReceiveFloodSize =
         1000 * gArgs.GetArg("-maxreceivebuffer", DEFAULT_MAXRECEIVEBUFFER);
     connOptions.m_added_nodes = gArgs.GetArgs("-addnode");
 
     connOptions.nMaxOutboundTimeframe = nMaxOutboundTimeframe;
     connOptions.nMaxOutboundLimit = nMaxOutboundLimit;
     connOptions.m_peer_connect_timeout = peer_connect_timeout;
 
     for (const std::string &strBind : gArgs.GetArgs("-bind")) {
         CService addrBind;
         if (!Lookup(strBind.c_str(), addrBind, GetListenPort(), false)) {
-            return InitError(ResolveErrMsg("bind", strBind));
+            return InitError(Untranslated(ResolveErrMsg("bind", strBind)));
         }
         connOptions.vBinds.push_back(addrBind);
     }
 
     for (const std::string &strBind : gArgs.GetArgs("-whitebind")) {
         NetWhitebindPermissions whitebind;
         std::string error;
         if (!NetWhitebindPermissions::TryParse(strBind, whitebind, error)) {
-            return InitError(error);
+            return InitError(Untranslated(error));
         }
         connOptions.vWhiteBinds.push_back(whitebind);
     }
 
     for (const auto &net : gArgs.GetArgs("-whitelist")) {
         NetWhitelistPermissions subnet;
         std::string error;
         if (!NetWhitelistPermissions::TryParse(net, subnet, error)) {
-            return InitError(error);
+            return InitError(Untranslated(error));
         }
         connOptions.vWhitelistedRange.push_back(subnet);
     }
 
     connOptions.vSeedNodes = gArgs.GetArgs("-seednode");
 
     // Initiate outbound connections unless connect=0
     connOptions.m_use_addrman_outgoing = !gArgs.IsArgSet("-connect");
     if (!connOptions.m_use_addrman_outgoing) {
         const auto connect = gArgs.GetArgs("-connect");
         if (connect.size() != 1 || connect[0] != "0") {
             connOptions.m_specified_outgoing = connect;
         }
     }
     if (!node.connman->Start(*node.scheduler, connOptions)) {
         return false;
     }
 
     // Step 13: finished
 
     SetRPCWarmupFinished();
     uiInterface.InitMessage(_("Done loading").translated);
 
     for (const auto &client : node.chain_clients) {
         client->start(*node.scheduler);
     }
 
     BanMan *banman = node.banman.get();
     node.scheduler->scheduleEvery(
         [banman] {
             banman->DumpBanlist();
             return true;
         },
         DUMP_BANS_INTERVAL);
 
     // Start Avalanche's event loop.
     g_avalanche->startEventLoop(*node.scheduler);
 
     return true;
 }
diff --git a/src/interfaces/chain.cpp b/src/interfaces/chain.cpp
index fbb406503..642b89926 100644
--- a/src/interfaces/chain.cpp
+++ b/src/interfaces/chain.cpp
@@ -1,453 +1,453 @@
 // Copyright (c) 2018-2019 The Bitcoin Core developers
 // Distributed under the MIT software license, see the accompanying
 // file COPYING or http://www.opensource.org/licenses/mit-license.php.
 
 #include <interfaces/chain.h>
 
 #include <blockdb.h>
 #include <chain.h>
 #include <chainparams.h>
 #include <interfaces/handler.h>
 #include <interfaces/wallet.h>
 #include <net.h>
 #include <net_processing.h>
 #include <node/coin.h>
 #include <node/context.h>
 #include <node/transaction.h>
 #include <policy/mempool.h>
 #include <policy/policy.h>
 #include <policy/settings.h>
 #include <primitives/block.h>
 #include <primitives/blockhash.h>
 #include <rpc/protocol.h>
 #include <rpc/server.h>
 #include <shutdown.h>
 #include <sync.h>
 #include <timedata.h>
 #include <txmempool.h>
 #include <ui_interface.h>
 #include <univalue.h>
 #include <util/system.h>
 #include <validation.h>
 #include <validationinterface.h>
 
 #include <utility>
 
 namespace interfaces {
 namespace {
 
     bool FillBlock(const CBlockIndex *index, const FoundBlock &block,
                    UniqueLock<RecursiveMutex> &lock) {
         if (!index) {
             return false;
         }
         if (block.m_hash) {
             *block.m_hash = index->GetBlockHash();
         }
         if (block.m_height) {
             *block.m_height = index->nHeight;
         }
         if (block.m_time) {
             *block.m_time = index->GetBlockTime();
         }
         if (block.m_max_time) {
             *block.m_max_time = index->GetBlockTimeMax();
         }
         if (block.m_mtp_time) {
             *block.m_mtp_time = index->GetMedianTimePast();
         }
         if (block.m_data) {
             REVERSE_LOCK(lock);
             if (!ReadBlockFromDisk(*block.m_data, index,
                                    Params().GetConsensus())) {
                 block.m_data->SetNull();
             }
         }
         return true;
     }
 
     class NotificationsProxy : public CValidationInterface {
     public:
         explicit NotificationsProxy(
             std::shared_ptr<Chain::Notifications> notifications)
             : m_notifications(std::move(notifications)) {}
         virtual ~NotificationsProxy() = default;
         void TransactionAddedToMempool(const CTransactionRef &tx) override {
             m_notifications->TransactionAddedToMempool(tx);
         }
         void TransactionRemovedFromMempool(const CTransactionRef &tx) override {
             m_notifications->TransactionRemovedFromMempool(tx);
         }
         void BlockConnected(
             const std::shared_ptr<const CBlock> &block,
             const CBlockIndex *index,
             const std::vector<CTransactionRef> &tx_conflicted) override {
             m_notifications->BlockConnected(*block, tx_conflicted,
                                             index->nHeight);
         }
         void BlockDisconnected(const std::shared_ptr<const CBlock> &block,
                                const CBlockIndex *index) override {
             m_notifications->BlockDisconnected(*block, index->nHeight);
         }
         void UpdatedBlockTip(const CBlockIndex *index,
                              const CBlockIndex *fork_index,
                              bool is_ibd) override {
             m_notifications->UpdatedBlockTip();
         }
         void ChainStateFlushed(const CBlockLocator &locator) override {
             m_notifications->ChainStateFlushed(locator);
         }
         std::shared_ptr<Chain::Notifications> m_notifications;
     };
 
     class NotificationsHandlerImpl : public Handler {
     public:
         explicit NotificationsHandlerImpl(
             std::shared_ptr<Chain::Notifications> notifications)
             : m_proxy(std::make_shared<NotificationsProxy>(
                   std::move(notifications))) {
             RegisterSharedValidationInterface(m_proxy);
         }
         ~NotificationsHandlerImpl() override { disconnect(); }
         void disconnect() override {
             if (m_proxy) {
                 UnregisterSharedValidationInterface(m_proxy);
                 m_proxy.reset();
             }
         }
         std::shared_ptr<NotificationsProxy> m_proxy;
     };
 
     class RpcHandlerImpl : public Handler {
     public:
         explicit RpcHandlerImpl(const CRPCCommand &command)
             : m_command(command), m_wrapped_command(&command) {
             m_command.actor = [this](Config &config,
                                      const JSONRPCRequest &request,
                                      UniValue &result, bool last_handler) {
                 if (!m_wrapped_command) {
                     return false;
                 }
                 try {
                     return m_wrapped_command->actor(config, request, result,
                                                     last_handler);
                 } catch (const UniValue &e) {
                     // If this is not the last handler and a wallet not found
                     // exception was thrown, return false so the next handler
                     // can try to handle the request. Otherwise, reraise the
                     // exception.
                     if (!last_handler) {
                         const UniValue &code = e["code"];
                         if (code.isNum() &&
                             code.get_int() == RPC_WALLET_NOT_FOUND) {
                             return false;
                         }
                     }
                     throw;
                 }
             };
             ::tableRPC.appendCommand(m_command.name, &m_command);
         }
 
         void disconnect() override final {
             if (m_wrapped_command) {
                 m_wrapped_command = nullptr;
                 ::tableRPC.removeCommand(m_command.name, &m_command);
             }
         }
 
         ~RpcHandlerImpl() override { disconnect(); }
 
         CRPCCommand m_command;
         const CRPCCommand *m_wrapped_command;
     };
 
     class ChainImpl : public Chain {
     public:
         explicit ChainImpl(NodeContext &node, const CChainParams &params)
             : m_node(node), m_params(params) {}
         Optional<int> getHeight() override {
             LOCK(::cs_main);
             int height = ::ChainActive().Height();
             if (height >= 0) {
                 return height;
             }
             return nullopt;
         }
         Optional<int> getBlockHeight(const BlockHash &hash) override {
             LOCK(::cs_main);
             CBlockIndex *block = LookupBlockIndex(hash);
             if (block && ::ChainActive().Contains(block)) {
                 return block->nHeight;
             }
             return nullopt;
         }
         BlockHash getBlockHash(int height) override {
             LOCK(::cs_main);
             CBlockIndex *block = ::ChainActive()[height];
             assert(block);
             return block->GetBlockHash();
         }
         bool haveBlockOnDisk(int height) override {
             LOCK(cs_main);
             CBlockIndex *block = ::ChainActive()[height];
             return block && (block->nStatus.hasData() != 0) && block->nTx > 0;
         }
         Optional<int>
         findFirstBlockWithTimeAndHeight(int64_t time, int height,
                                         BlockHash *hash) override {
             LOCK(cs_main);
             CBlockIndex *block =
                 ::ChainActive().FindEarliestAtLeast(time, height);
             if (block) {
                 if (hash) {
                     *hash = block->GetBlockHash();
                 }
                 return block->nHeight;
             }
             return nullopt;
         }
         CBlockLocator getTipLocator() override {
             LOCK(cs_main);
             return ::ChainActive().GetLocator();
         }
         bool contextualCheckTransactionForCurrentBlock(
             const CTransaction &tx, TxValidationState &state) override {
             LOCK(cs_main);
             return ContextualCheckTransactionForCurrentBlock(
                 m_params.GetConsensus(), tx, state);
         }
         Optional<int> findLocatorFork(const CBlockLocator &locator) override {
             LOCK(cs_main);
             if (CBlockIndex *fork =
                     FindForkInGlobalIndex(::ChainActive(), locator)) {
                 return fork->nHeight;
             }
             return nullopt;
         }
         bool findBlock(const BlockHash &hash,
                        const FoundBlock &block) override {
             WAIT_LOCK(cs_main, lock);
             return FillBlock(LookupBlockIndex(hash), block, lock);
         }
         bool findFirstBlockWithTimeAndHeight(int64_t min_time, int min_height,
                                              const FoundBlock &block) override {
             WAIT_LOCK(cs_main, lock);
             return FillBlock(
                 ChainActive().FindEarliestAtLeast(min_time, min_height), block,
                 lock);
         }
         bool findNextBlock(const BlockHash &block_hash, int block_height,
                            const FoundBlock &next, bool *reorg) override {
             WAIT_LOCK(cs_main, lock);
             CBlockIndex *block = ChainActive()[block_height];
             if (block && block->GetBlockHash() != block_hash) {
                 block = nullptr;
             }
             if (reorg) {
                 *reorg = !block;
             }
             return FillBlock(block ? ChainActive()[block_height + 1] : nullptr,
                              next, lock);
         }
         bool findAncestorByHeight(const BlockHash &block_hash,
                                   int ancestor_height,
                                   const FoundBlock &ancestor_out) override {
             WAIT_LOCK(cs_main, lock);
             if (const CBlockIndex *block = LookupBlockIndex(block_hash)) {
                 if (const CBlockIndex *ancestor =
                         block->GetAncestor(ancestor_height)) {
                     return FillBlock(ancestor, ancestor_out, lock);
                 }
             }
             return FillBlock(nullptr, ancestor_out, lock);
         }
         bool findAncestorByHash(const BlockHash &block_hash,
                                 const BlockHash &ancestor_hash,
                                 const FoundBlock &ancestor_out) override {
             WAIT_LOCK(cs_main, lock);
             const CBlockIndex *block = LookupBlockIndex(block_hash);
             const CBlockIndex *ancestor = LookupBlockIndex(ancestor_hash);
             if (block && ancestor &&
                 block->GetAncestor(ancestor->nHeight) != ancestor) {
                 ancestor = nullptr;
             }
             return FillBlock(ancestor, ancestor_out, lock);
         }
         bool findCommonAncestor(const BlockHash &block_hash1,
                                 const BlockHash &block_hash2,
                                 const FoundBlock &ancestor_out,
                                 const FoundBlock &block1_out,
                                 const FoundBlock &block2_out) override {
             WAIT_LOCK(cs_main, lock);
             const CBlockIndex *block1 = LookupBlockIndex(block_hash1);
             const CBlockIndex *block2 = LookupBlockIndex(block_hash2);
             const CBlockIndex *ancestor =
                 block1 && block2 ? LastCommonAncestor(block1, block2) : nullptr;
             return FillBlock(ancestor, ancestor_out, lock) &
                    FillBlock(block1, block1_out, lock) &
                    FillBlock(block2, block2_out, lock);
         }
         void findCoins(std::map<COutPoint, Coin> &coins) override {
             return FindCoins(m_node, coins);
         }
         double guessVerificationProgress(const BlockHash &block_hash) override {
             LOCK(cs_main);
             return GuessVerificationProgress(Params().TxData(),
                                              LookupBlockIndex(block_hash));
         }
         bool hasBlocks(const BlockHash &block_hash, int min_height,
                        Optional<int> max_height) override {
             // hasBlocks returns true if all ancestors of block_hash in
             // specified range have block data (are not pruned), false if any
             // ancestors in specified range are missing data.
             //
             // For simplicity and robustness, min_height and max_height are only
             // used to limit the range, and passing min_height that's too low or
             // max_height that's too high will not crash or change the result.
             LOCK(::cs_main);
             if (CBlockIndex *block = LookupBlockIndex(block_hash)) {
                 if (max_height && block->nHeight >= *max_height) {
                     block = block->GetAncestor(*max_height);
                 }
                 for (; block->nStatus.hasData(); block = block->pprev) {
                     // Check pprev to not segfault if min_height is too low
                     if (block->nHeight <= min_height || !block->pprev) {
                         return true;
                     }
                 }
             }
             return false;
         }
         bool hasDescendantsInMempool(const TxId &txid) override {
             LOCK(::g_mempool.cs);
             auto it = ::g_mempool.GetIter(txid);
             return it && (*it)->GetCountWithDescendants() > 1;
         }
         bool broadcastTransaction(const Config &config,
                                   const CTransactionRef &tx,
                                   std::string &err_string,
                                   const Amount &max_tx_fee,
                                   bool relay) override {
             const TransactionError err = BroadcastTransaction(
                 m_node, config, tx, err_string, max_tx_fee, relay,
                 /*wait_callback*/ false);
             // Chain clients only care about failures to accept the tx to the
             // mempool. Disregard non-mempool related failures. Note: this will
             // need to be updated if BroadcastTransactions() is updated to
             // return other non-mempool failures that Chain clients do not need
             // to know about.
             return err == TransactionError::OK;
         }
         void getTransactionAncestry(const TxId &txid, size_t &ancestors,
                                     size_t &descendants) override {
             ::g_mempool.GetTransactionAncestry(txid, ancestors, descendants);
         }
         void getPackageLimits(size_t &limit_ancestor_count,
                               size_t &limit_descendant_count) override {
             limit_ancestor_count = size_t(
                 std::max<int64_t>(1, gArgs.GetArg("-limitancestorcount",
                                                   DEFAULT_ANCESTOR_LIMIT)));
             limit_descendant_count = size_t(
                 std::max<int64_t>(1, gArgs.GetArg("-limitdescendantcount",
                                                   DEFAULT_DESCENDANT_LIMIT)));
         }
         bool checkChainLimits(const CTransactionRef &tx) override {
             LockPoints lp;
             CTxMemPoolEntry entry(tx, Amount(), 0, 0, false, 0, lp);
             CTxMemPool::setEntries ancestors;
             auto limit_ancestor_count =
                 gArgs.GetArg("-limitancestorcount", DEFAULT_ANCESTOR_LIMIT);
             auto limit_ancestor_size =
                 gArgs.GetArg("-limitancestorsize",
                              DEFAULT_ANCESTOR_SIZE_LIMIT) *
                 1000;
             auto limit_descendant_count =
                 gArgs.GetArg("-limitdescendantcount", DEFAULT_DESCENDANT_LIMIT);
             auto limit_descendant_size =
                 gArgs.GetArg("-limitdescendantsize",
                              DEFAULT_DESCENDANT_SIZE_LIMIT) *
                 1000;
             std::string unused_error_string;
             LOCK(::g_mempool.cs);
             return ::g_mempool.CalculateMemPoolAncestors(
                 entry, ancestors, limit_ancestor_count, limit_ancestor_size,
                 limit_descendant_count, limit_descendant_size,
                 unused_error_string);
         }
         CFeeRate estimateFee() const override {
             return ::g_mempool.estimateFee();
         }
         CFeeRate relayMinFee() override { return ::minRelayTxFee; }
         CFeeRate relayDustFee() override { return ::dustRelayFee; }
         bool havePruned() override {
             LOCK(cs_main);
             return ::fHavePruned;
         }
         bool isReadyToBroadcast() override {
             return !::fImporting && !::fReindex && !isInitialBlockDownload();
         }
         bool isInitialBlockDownload() override {
             return ::ChainstateActive().IsInitialBlockDownload();
         }
         bool shutdownRequested() override { return ShutdownRequested(); }
         int64_t getAdjustedTime() override { return GetAdjustedTime(); }
         void initMessage(const std::string &message) override {
             ::uiInterface.InitMessage(message);
         }
         void initWarning(const std::string &message) override {
             InitWarning(message);
         }
-        void initError(const std::string &message) override {
+        void initError(const bilingual_str &message) override {
             InitError(message);
         }
         void showProgress(const std::string &title, int progress,
                           bool resume_possible) override {
             ::uiInterface.ShowProgress(title, progress, resume_possible);
         }
         std::unique_ptr<Handler> handleNotifications(
             std::shared_ptr<Notifications> notifications) override {
             return std::make_unique<NotificationsHandlerImpl>(
                 std::move(notifications));
         }
         void
         waitForNotificationsIfTipChanged(const BlockHash &old_tip) override {
             if (!old_tip.IsNull()) {
                 LOCK(::cs_main);
                 if (old_tip == ::ChainActive().Tip()->GetBlockHash()) {
                     return;
                 }
             }
             SyncWithValidationInterfaceQueue();
         }
 
         std::unique_ptr<Handler>
         handleRpc(const CRPCCommand &command) override {
             return std::make_unique<RpcHandlerImpl>(command);
         }
         bool rpcEnableDeprecated(const std::string &method) override {
             return IsDeprecatedRPCEnabled(gArgs, method);
         }
         void rpcRunLater(const std::string &name, std::function<void()> fn,
                          int64_t seconds) override {
             RPCRunLater(name, std::move(fn), seconds);
         }
         int rpcSerializationFlags() override { return RPCSerializationFlags(); }
         void requestMempoolTransactions(Notifications &notifications) override {
             LOCK2(::cs_main, ::g_mempool.cs);
             for (const CTxMemPoolEntry &entry : ::g_mempool.mapTx) {
                 notifications.TransactionAddedToMempool(entry.GetSharedTx());
             }
         }
         NodeContext &m_node;
         const CChainParams &m_params;
     };
 
 } // namespace
 
 std::unique_ptr<Chain> MakeChain(NodeContext &node,
                                  const CChainParams &params) {
     return std::make_unique<ChainImpl>(node, params);
 }
 
 } // namespace interfaces
diff --git a/src/interfaces/chain.h b/src/interfaces/chain.h
index d98af28b2..7d60a3ef8 100644
--- a/src/interfaces/chain.h
+++ b/src/interfaces/chain.h
@@ -1,362 +1,363 @@
 // Copyright (c) 2018-2019 The Bitcoin Core developers
 // Distributed under the MIT software license, see the accompanying
 // file COPYING or http://www.opensource.org/licenses/mit-license.php.
 
 #ifndef BITCOIN_INTERFACES_CHAIN_H
 #define BITCOIN_INTERFACES_CHAIN_H
 
 #include <optional.h>
 #include <primitives/transaction.h>
 #include <primitives/txid.h>
 
 #include <cstddef>
 #include <cstdint>
 #include <memory>
 #include <string>
 #include <vector>
 
 class CBlock;
 class CChainParams;
 class Coin;
 class Config;
 class CRPCCommand;
 class CScheduler;
 class TxValidationState;
 
 struct BlockHash;
+struct bilingual_str;
 struct CBlockLocator;
 struct NodeContext;
 
 namespace Consensus {
 struct Params;
 }
 
 namespace interfaces {
 
 class Handler;
 class Wallet;
 
 //! Helper for findBlock to selectively return pieces of block data.
 class FoundBlock {
 public:
     FoundBlock &hash(BlockHash &hash) {
         m_hash = &hash;
         return *this;
     }
     FoundBlock &height(int &height) {
         m_height = &height;
         return *this;
     }
     FoundBlock &time(int64_t &time) {
         m_time = &time;
         return *this;
     }
     FoundBlock &maxTime(int64_t &max_time) {
         m_max_time = &max_time;
         return *this;
     }
     FoundBlock &mtpTime(int64_t &mtp_time) {
         m_mtp_time = &mtp_time;
         return *this;
     }
     //! Read block data from disk. If the block exists but doesn't have data
     //! (for example due to pruning), the CBlock variable will be set to null.
     FoundBlock &data(CBlock &data) {
         m_data = &data;
         return *this;
     }
 
     BlockHash *m_hash = nullptr;
     int *m_height = nullptr;
     int64_t *m_time = nullptr;
     int64_t *m_max_time = nullptr;
     int64_t *m_mtp_time = nullptr;
     CBlock *m_data = nullptr;
 };
 
 //! Interface giving clients (wallet processes, maybe other analysis tools in
 //! the future) ability to access to the chain state, receive notifications,
 //! estimate fees, and submit transactions.
 //!
 //! TODO: Current chain methods are too low level, exposing too much of the
 //! internal workings of the bitcoin node, and not being very convenient to use.
 //! Chain methods should be cleaned up and simplified over time. Examples:
 //!
 //! * The initMessages() and showProgress() methods which the wallet uses to
 //! send
 //!   notifications to the GUI should go away when GUI and wallet can directly
 //!   communicate with each other without going through the node
 //!   (https://github.com/bitcoin/bitcoin/pull/15288#discussion_r253321096).
 //!
 //! * The handleRpc, registerRpcs, rpcEnableDeprecated methods and other RPC
 //!   methods can go away if wallets listen for HTTP requests on their own
 //!   ports instead of registering to handle requests on the node HTTP port.
 //!
 //! * Move fee estimation queries to an asynchronous interface and let the
 //!   wallet cache it, fee estimation being driven by node mempool, wallet
 //!   should be the consumer.
 //!
 //! * The `guessVerificationProgress`, `getBlockHeight`, `getBlockHash`, etc
 //!   methods can go away if rescan logic is moved on the node side, and wallet
 //!   only register rescan request.
 class Chain {
 public:
     virtual ~Chain() {}
 
     //! Get current chain height, not including genesis block (returns 0 if
     //! chain only contains genesis block, nullopt if chain does not contain
     //! any blocks)
     virtual Optional<int> getHeight() = 0;
 
     //! Get block height above genesis block. Returns 0 for genesis block,
     //! 1 for following block, and so on. Returns nullopt for a block not
     //! included in the current chain.
     virtual Optional<int> getBlockHeight(const BlockHash &hash) = 0;
 
     //! Get block hash. Height must be valid or this function will abort.
     virtual BlockHash getBlockHash(int height) = 0;
 
     //! Check that the block is available on disk (i.e. has not been
     //! pruned), and contains transactions.
     virtual bool haveBlockOnDisk(int height) = 0;
 
     //! Return height of the first block in the chain with timestamp equal
     //! or greater than the given time and height equal or greater than the
     //! given height, or nullopt if there is no block with a high enough
     //! timestamp and height. Also return the block hash as an optional output
     //! parameter (to avoid the cost of a second lookup in case this information
     //! is needed.)
     virtual Optional<int> findFirstBlockWithTimeAndHeight(int64_t time,
                                                           int height,
                                                           BlockHash *hash) = 0;
 
     //! Get locator for the current chain tip.
     virtual CBlockLocator getTipLocator() = 0;
 
     //! Return height of the highest block on chain in common with the locator,
     //! which will either be the original block used to create the locator,
     //! or one of its ancestors.
     virtual Optional<int> findLocatorFork(const CBlockLocator &locator) = 0;
 
     //! Check if transaction will be final given chain height current time.
     virtual bool
     contextualCheckTransactionForCurrentBlock(const CTransaction &tx,
                                               TxValidationState &state) = 0;
 
     //! Return whether node has the block and optionally return block metadata
     //! or contents.
     virtual bool findBlock(const BlockHash &hash,
                            const FoundBlock &block = {}) = 0;
 
     //! Find first block in the chain with timestamp >= the given time
     //! and height >= than the given height, return false if there is no block
     //! with a high enough timestamp and height. Optionally return block
     //! information.
     virtual bool
     findFirstBlockWithTimeAndHeight(int64_t min_time, int min_height,
                                     const FoundBlock &block = {}) = 0;
 
     //! Find next block if block is part of current chain. Also flag if
     //! there was a reorg and the specified block hash is no longer in the
     //! current chain, and optionally return block information.
     virtual bool findNextBlock(const BlockHash &block_hash, int block_height,
                                const FoundBlock &next = {},
                                bool *reorg = nullptr) = 0;
 
     //! Find ancestor of block at specified height and optionally return
     //! ancestor information.
     virtual bool findAncestorByHeight(const BlockHash &block_hash,
                                       int ancestor_height,
                                       const FoundBlock &ancestor_out = {}) = 0;
 
     //! Return whether block descends from a specified ancestor, and
     //! optionally return ancestor information.
     virtual bool findAncestorByHash(const BlockHash &block_hash,
                                     const BlockHash &ancestor_hash,
                                     const FoundBlock &ancestor_out = {}) = 0;
 
     //! Find most recent common ancestor between two blocks and optionally
     //! return block information.
     virtual bool findCommonAncestor(const BlockHash &block_hash1,
                                     const BlockHash &block_hash2,
                                     const FoundBlock &ancestor_out = {},
                                     const FoundBlock &block1_out = {},
                                     const FoundBlock &block2_out = {}) = 0;
 
     //! Look up unspent output information. Returns coins in the mempool and in
     //! the current chain UTXO set. Iterates through all the keys in the map and
     //! populates the values.
     virtual void findCoins(std::map<COutPoint, Coin> &coins) = 0;
 
     //! Estimate fraction of total transactions verified if blocks up to
     //! the specified block hash are verified.
     virtual double guessVerificationProgress(const BlockHash &block_hash) = 0;
 
     //! Return true if data is available for all blocks in the specified range
     //! of blocks. This checks all blocks that are ancestors of block_hash in
     //! the height range from min_height to max_height, inclusive.
     virtual bool hasBlocks(const BlockHash &block_hash, int min_height = 0,
                            Optional<int> max_height = {}) = 0;
 
     //! Check if transaction has descendants in mempool.
     virtual bool hasDescendantsInMempool(const TxId &txid) = 0;
 
     //! Transaction is added to memory pool, if the transaction fee is below the
     //! amount specified by max_tx_fee, and broadcast to all peers if relay is
     //! set to true. Return false if the transaction could not be added due to
     //! the fee or for another reason.
     virtual bool broadcastTransaction(const Config &config,
                                       const CTransactionRef &tx,
                                       std::string &err_string,
                                       const Amount &max_tx_fee, bool relay) = 0;
 
     //! Calculate mempool ancestor and descendant counts for the given
     //! transaction.
     virtual void getTransactionAncestry(const TxId &txid, size_t &ancestors,
                                         size_t &descendants) = 0;
 
     //! Get the node's package limits.
     //! Currently only returns the ancestor and descendant count limits, but
     //! could be enhanced to return more policy settings.
     virtual void getPackageLimits(size_t &limit_ancestor_count,
                                   size_t &limit_descendant_count) = 0;
 
     //! Check if transaction will pass the mempool's chain limits.
     virtual bool checkChainLimits(const CTransactionRef &tx) = 0;
 
     //! Estimate fee
     virtual CFeeRate estimateFee() const = 0;
 
     //! Relay current minimum fee (from -minrelaytxfee settings).
     virtual CFeeRate relayMinFee() = 0;
 
     //! Relay dust fee setting (-dustrelayfee), reflecting lowest rate it's
     //! economical to spend.
     virtual CFeeRate relayDustFee() = 0;
 
     //! Check if any block has been pruned.
     virtual bool havePruned() = 0;
 
     //! Check if the node is ready to broadcast transactions.
     virtual bool isReadyToBroadcast() = 0;
 
     //! Check if in IBD.
     virtual bool isInitialBlockDownload() = 0;
 
     //! Check if shutdown requested.
     virtual bool shutdownRequested() = 0;
 
     //! Get adjusted time.
     virtual int64_t getAdjustedTime() = 0;
 
     //! Send init message.
     virtual void initMessage(const std::string &message) = 0;
 
     //! Send init warning.
     virtual void initWarning(const std::string &message) = 0;
 
     //! Send init error.
-    virtual void initError(const std::string &message) = 0;
+    virtual void initError(const bilingual_str &message) = 0;
 
     //! Send progress indicator.
     virtual void showProgress(const std::string &title, int progress,
                               bool resume_possible) = 0;
 
     //! Chain notifications.
     class Notifications {
     public:
         virtual ~Notifications() {}
         virtual void TransactionAddedToMempool(const CTransactionRef &tx) {}
         virtual void TransactionRemovedFromMempool(const CTransactionRef &ptx) {
         }
         virtual void
         BlockConnected(const CBlock &block,
                        const std::vector<CTransactionRef> &tx_conflicted,
                        int height) {}
         virtual void BlockDisconnected(const CBlock &block, int height) {}
         virtual void UpdatedBlockTip() {}
         virtual void ChainStateFlushed(const CBlockLocator &locator) {}
     };
 
     //! Register handler for notifications.
     virtual std::unique_ptr<Handler>
     handleNotifications(std::shared_ptr<Notifications> notifications) = 0;
 
     //! Wait for pending notifications to be processed unless block hash points
     //! to the current chain tip.
     virtual void waitForNotificationsIfTipChanged(const BlockHash &old_tip) = 0;
 
     //! Register handler for RPC. Command is not copied, so reference
     //! needs to remain valid until Handler is disconnected.
     virtual std::unique_ptr<Handler> handleRpc(const CRPCCommand &command) = 0;
 
     //! Check if deprecated RPC is enabled.
     virtual bool rpcEnableDeprecated(const std::string &method) = 0;
 
     //! Run function after given number of seconds. Cancel any previous calls
     //! with same name.
     virtual void rpcRunLater(const std::string &name, std::function<void()> fn,
                              int64_t seconds) = 0;
 
     //! Current RPC serialization flags.
     virtual int rpcSerializationFlags() = 0;
 
     //! Synchronously send TransactionAddedToMempool notifications about all
     //! current mempool transactions to the specified handler and return after
     //! the last one is sent. These notifications aren't coordinated with async
     //! notifications sent by handleNotifications, so out of date async
     //! notifications from handleNotifications can arrive during and after
     //! synchronous notifications from requestMempoolTransactions. Clients need
     //! to be prepared to handle this by ignoring notifications about unknown
     //! removed transactions and already added new transactions.
     virtual void requestMempoolTransactions(Notifications &notifications) = 0;
 };
 
 //! Interface to let node manage chain clients (wallets, or maybe tools for
 //! monitoring and analysis in the future).
 class ChainClient {
 public:
     virtual ~ChainClient() {}
 
     //! Register rpcs.
     virtual void registerRpcs() = 0;
 
     //! Check for errors before loading.
     virtual bool verify(const CChainParams &chainParams) = 0;
 
     //! Load saved state.
     virtual bool load(const CChainParams &chainParams) = 0;
 
     //! Start client execution and provide a scheduler.
     virtual void start(CScheduler &scheduler) = 0;
 
     //! Save state to disk.
     virtual void flush() = 0;
 
     //! Shut down client.
     virtual void stop() = 0;
 
     //! Set mock time.
     virtual void setMockTime(int64_t time) = 0;
 
     //! Return interfaces for accessing wallets (if any).
     virtual std::vector<std::unique_ptr<Wallet>> getWallets() = 0;
 };
 
 //! Return implementation of Chain interface.
 std::unique_ptr<Chain> MakeChain(NodeContext &node, const CChainParams &params);
 
 //! Return implementation of ChainClient interface for a wallet client. This
 //! function will be undefined in builds where ENABLE_WALLET is false.
 //!
 //! Currently, wallets are the only chain clients. But in the future, other
 //! types of chain clients could be added, such as tools for monitoring,
 //! analysis, or fee estimation. These clients need to expose their own
 //! MakeXXXClient functions returning their implementations of the ChainClient
 //! interface.
 std::unique_ptr<ChainClient>
 MakeWalletClient(Chain &chain, std::vector<std::string> wallet_filenames);
 
 } // namespace interfaces
 
 #endif // BITCOIN_INTERFACES_CHAIN_H
diff --git a/src/interfaces/node.cpp b/src/interfaces/node.cpp
index ae28eb42d..81ccbaadf 100644
--- a/src/interfaces/node.cpp
+++ b/src/interfaces/node.cpp
@@ -1,373 +1,374 @@
 // Copyright (c) 2018 The Bitcoin Core developers
 // Distributed under the MIT software license, see the accompanying
 // file COPYING or http://www.opensource.org/licenses/mit-license.php.
 
 #include <interfaces/node.h>
 
 #include <addrdb.h>
 #include <banman.h>
 #include <chain.h>
 #include <chainparams.h>
 #include <config.h>
 #include <init.h>
 #include <interfaces/chain.h>
 #include <interfaces/handler.h>
 #include <interfaces/wallet.h>
 #include <net.h>
 #include <net_processing.h>
 #include <netaddress.h>
 #include <netbase.h>
 #include <node/context.h>
 #include <policy/fees.h>
 #include <policy/settings.h>
 #include <primitives/block.h>
 #include <rpc/server.h>
 #include <shutdown.h>
 #include <support/allocators/secure.h>
 #include <sync.h>
 #include <txmempool.h>
 #include <ui_interface.h>
 #include <util/system.h>
+#include <util/translation.h>
 #include <validation.h>
 #include <warnings.h>
 
 #if defined(HAVE_CONFIG_H)
 #include <config/bitcoin-config.h>
 #endif
 
 #include <univalue.h>
 
 class HTTPRPCRequestProcessor;
 class CWallet;
 fs::path GetWalletDir();
 std::vector<fs::path> ListWalletDir();
 std::vector<std::shared_ptr<CWallet>> GetWallets();
 std::shared_ptr<CWallet> LoadWallet(const CChainParams &chainParams,
                                     interfaces::Chain &chain,
                                     const std::string &name,
                                     bilingual_str &error,
                                     std::vector<bilingual_str> &warnings);
 WalletCreationStatus CreateWallet(const CChainParams &params,
                                   interfaces::Chain &chain,
                                   const SecureString &passphrase,
                                   uint64_t wallet_creation_flags,
                                   const std::string &name, bilingual_str &error,
                                   std::vector<bilingual_str> &warnings,
                                   std::shared_ptr<CWallet> &result);
 std::unique_ptr<interfaces::Handler>
 HandleLoadWallet(interfaces::Node::LoadWalletFn load_wallet);
 
 namespace interfaces {
 
 namespace {
 
     class NodeImpl : public Node {
     public:
         void initError(const std::string &message) override {
-            InitError(message);
+            InitError(Untranslated(message));
         }
         bool parseParameters(int argc, const char *const argv[],
                              std::string &error) override {
             return gArgs.ParseParameters(argc, argv, error);
         }
         bool readConfigFiles(std::string &error) override {
             return gArgs.ReadConfigFiles(error, true);
         }
         void forceSetArg(const std::string &arg,
                          const std::string &value) override {
             gArgs.ForceSetArg(arg, value);
         }
         bool softSetArg(const std::string &arg,
                         const std::string &value) override {
             return gArgs.SoftSetArg(arg, value);
         }
         bool softSetBoolArg(const std::string &arg, bool value) override {
             return gArgs.SoftSetBoolArg(arg, value);
         }
         void selectParams(const std::string &network) override {
             SelectParams(network);
         }
         uint64_t getAssumedBlockchainSize() override {
             return Params().AssumedBlockchainSize();
         }
         uint64_t getAssumedChainStateSize() override {
             return Params().AssumedChainStateSize();
         }
         std::string getNetwork() override { return Params().NetworkIDString(); }
         void initLogging() override { InitLogging(); }
         void initParameterInteraction() override { InitParameterInteraction(); }
         std::string getWarnings(const std::string &type) override {
             return GetWarnings(type);
         }
         bool baseInitialize(Config &config) override {
             return AppInitBasicSetup() && AppInitParameterInteraction(config) &&
                    AppInitSanityChecks() && AppInitLockDataDirectory();
         }
         bool
         appInitMain(Config &config, RPCServer &rpcServer,
                     HTTPRPCRequestProcessor &httpRPCRequestProcessor) override {
             m_context.chain = MakeChain(m_context, config.GetChainParams());
             return AppInitMain(config, rpcServer, httpRPCRequestProcessor,
                                m_context);
         }
         void appShutdown() override {
             Interrupt(m_context);
             Shutdown(m_context);
         }
         void startShutdown() override { StartShutdown(); }
         bool shutdownRequested() override { return ShutdownRequested(); }
         void mapPort(bool use_upnp) override {
             if (use_upnp) {
                 StartMapPort();
             } else {
                 InterruptMapPort();
                 StopMapPort();
             }
         }
         void setupServerArgs() override { return SetupServerArgs(); }
         bool getProxy(Network net, proxyType &proxy_info) override {
             return GetProxy(net, proxy_info);
         }
         size_t getNodeCount(CConnman::NumConnections flags) override {
             return m_context.connman ? m_context.connman->GetNodeCount(flags)
                                      : 0;
         }
         bool getNodesStats(NodesStats &stats) override {
             stats.clear();
 
             if (m_context.connman) {
                 std::vector<CNodeStats> stats_temp;
                 m_context.connman->GetNodeStats(stats_temp);
 
                 stats.reserve(stats_temp.size());
                 for (auto &node_stats_temp : stats_temp) {
                     stats.emplace_back(std::move(node_stats_temp), false,
                                        CNodeStateStats());
                 }
 
                 // Try to retrieve the CNodeStateStats for each node.
                 TRY_LOCK(::cs_main, lockMain);
                 if (lockMain) {
                     for (auto &node_stats : stats) {
                         std::get<1>(node_stats) =
                             GetNodeStateStats(std::get<0>(node_stats).nodeid,
                                               std::get<2>(node_stats));
                     }
                 }
                 return true;
             }
             return false;
         }
         bool getBanned(banmap_t &banmap) override {
             if (m_context.banman) {
                 m_context.banman->GetBanned(banmap);
                 return true;
             }
             return false;
         }
         bool ban(const CNetAddr &net_addr, int64_t ban_time_offset) override {
             if (m_context.banman) {
                 m_context.banman->Ban(net_addr, ban_time_offset);
                 return true;
             }
             return false;
         }
         bool unban(const CSubNet &ip) override {
             if (m_context.banman) {
                 m_context.banman->Unban(ip);
                 return true;
             }
             return false;
         }
         bool disconnect(const CNetAddr &net_addr) override {
             if (m_context.connman) {
                 return m_context.connman->DisconnectNode(net_addr);
             }
             return false;
         }
         bool disconnect(NodeId id) override {
             if (m_context.connman) {
                 return m_context.connman->DisconnectNode(id);
             }
             return false;
         }
         int64_t getTotalBytesRecv() override {
             return m_context.connman ? m_context.connman->GetTotalBytesRecv()
                                      : 0;
         }
         int64_t getTotalBytesSent() override {
             return m_context.connman ? m_context.connman->GetTotalBytesSent()
                                      : 0;
         }
         size_t getMempoolSize() override {
             return m_context.mempool ? m_context.mempool->size() : 0;
         }
         size_t getMempoolDynamicUsage() override {
             return m_context.mempool ? m_context.mempool->DynamicMemoryUsage()
                                      : 0;
         }
         bool getHeaderTip(int &height, int64_t &block_time) override {
             LOCK(::cs_main);
             if (::pindexBestHeader) {
                 height = ::pindexBestHeader->nHeight;
                 block_time = ::pindexBestHeader->GetBlockTime();
                 return true;
             }
             return false;
         }
         int getNumBlocks() override {
             LOCK(::cs_main);
             return ::ChainActive().Height();
         }
         int64_t getLastBlockTime() override {
             LOCK(::cs_main);
             if (::ChainActive().Tip()) {
                 return ::ChainActive().Tip()->GetBlockTime();
             }
             // Genesis block's time of current network
             return Params().GenesisBlock().GetBlockTime();
         }
         double getVerificationProgress() override {
             const CBlockIndex *tip;
             {
                 LOCK(::cs_main);
                 tip = ::ChainActive().Tip();
             }
             return GuessVerificationProgress(Params().TxData(), tip);
         }
         bool isInitialBlockDownload() override {
             return ::ChainstateActive().IsInitialBlockDownload();
         }
         bool getReindex() override { return ::fReindex; }
         bool getImporting() override { return ::fImporting; }
         void setNetworkActive(bool active) override {
             if (m_context.connman) {
                 m_context.connman->SetNetworkActive(active);
             }
         }
         bool getNetworkActive() override {
             return m_context.connman && m_context.connman->GetNetworkActive();
         }
         CFeeRate estimateSmartFee() override {
             return m_context.mempool ? m_context.mempool->estimateFee()
                                      : CFeeRate();
         }
         CFeeRate getDustRelayFee() override { return ::dustRelayFee; }
         UniValue executeRpc(Config &config, const std::string &command,
                             const UniValue &params,
                             const std::string &uri) override {
             JSONRPCRequest req;
             req.params = params;
             req.strMethod = command;
             req.URI = uri;
             return ::tableRPC.execute(config, req);
         }
         std::vector<std::string> listRpcCommands() override {
             return ::tableRPC.listCommands();
         }
         void rpcSetTimerInterfaceIfUnset(RPCTimerInterface *iface) override {
             RPCSetTimerInterfaceIfUnset(iface);
         }
         void rpcUnsetTimerInterface(RPCTimerInterface *iface) override {
             RPCUnsetTimerInterface(iface);
         }
         bool getUnspentOutput(const COutPoint &output, Coin &coin) override {
             LOCK(::cs_main);
             return ::ChainstateActive().CoinsTip().GetCoin(output, coin);
         }
         std::string getWalletDir() override { return GetWalletDir().string(); }
         std::vector<std::string> listWalletDir() override {
             std::vector<std::string> paths;
             for (auto &path : ListWalletDir()) {
                 paths.push_back(path.string());
             }
             return paths;
         }
         std::vector<std::unique_ptr<Wallet>> getWallets() override {
             std::vector<std::unique_ptr<Wallet>> wallets;
             for (auto &client : m_context.chain_clients) {
                 auto client_wallets = client->getWallets();
                 std::move(client_wallets.begin(), client_wallets.end(),
                           std::back_inserter(wallets));
             }
             return wallets;
         }
         std::unique_ptr<Wallet>
         loadWallet(const CChainParams &params, const std::string &name,
                    bilingual_str &error,
                    std::vector<bilingual_str> &warnings) const override {
             return MakeWallet(
                 LoadWallet(params, *m_context.chain, name, error, warnings));
         }
         WalletCreationStatus
         createWallet(const CChainParams &params, const SecureString &passphrase,
                      uint64_t wallet_creation_flags, const std::string &name,
                      bilingual_str &error, std::vector<bilingual_str> &warnings,
                      std::unique_ptr<Wallet> &result) override {
             std::shared_ptr<CWallet> wallet;
             WalletCreationStatus status = CreateWallet(
                 params, *m_context.chain, passphrase, wallet_creation_flags,
                 name, error, warnings, wallet);
             result = MakeWallet(wallet);
             return status;
         }
         std::unique_ptr<Handler> handleInitMessage(InitMessageFn fn) override {
             return MakeHandler(::uiInterface.InitMessage_connect(fn));
         }
         std::unique_ptr<Handler> handleMessageBox(MessageBoxFn fn) override {
             return MakeHandler(::uiInterface.ThreadSafeMessageBox_connect(fn));
         }
         std::unique_ptr<Handler> handleQuestion(QuestionFn fn) override {
             return MakeHandler(::uiInterface.ThreadSafeQuestion_connect(fn));
         }
         std::unique_ptr<Handler>
         handleShowProgress(ShowProgressFn fn) override {
             return MakeHandler(::uiInterface.ShowProgress_connect(fn));
         }
         std::unique_ptr<Handler> handleLoadWallet(LoadWalletFn fn) override {
             return HandleLoadWallet(std::move(fn));
         }
         std::unique_ptr<Handler> handleNotifyNumConnectionsChanged(
             NotifyNumConnectionsChangedFn fn) override {
             return MakeHandler(
                 ::uiInterface.NotifyNumConnectionsChanged_connect(fn));
         }
         std::unique_ptr<Handler> handleNotifyNetworkActiveChanged(
             NotifyNetworkActiveChangedFn fn) override {
             return MakeHandler(
                 ::uiInterface.NotifyNetworkActiveChanged_connect(fn));
         }
         std::unique_ptr<Handler>
         handleNotifyAlertChanged(NotifyAlertChangedFn fn) override {
             return MakeHandler(::uiInterface.NotifyAlertChanged_connect(fn));
         }
         std::unique_ptr<Handler>
         handleBannedListChanged(BannedListChangedFn fn) override {
             return MakeHandler(::uiInterface.BannedListChanged_connect(fn));
         }
         std::unique_ptr<Handler>
         handleNotifyBlockTip(NotifyBlockTipFn fn) override {
             return MakeHandler(::uiInterface.NotifyBlockTip_connect(
                 [fn](bool initial_download, const CBlockIndex *block) {
                     fn(initial_download, block->nHeight, block->GetBlockTime(),
                        GuessVerificationProgress(Params().TxData(), block));
                 }));
         }
         std::unique_ptr<Handler>
         handleNotifyHeaderTip(NotifyHeaderTipFn fn) override {
             return MakeHandler(::uiInterface.NotifyHeaderTip_connect(
                 [fn](bool initial_download, const CBlockIndex *block) {
                     fn(initial_download, block->nHeight, block->GetBlockTime(),
                        GuessVerificationProgress(Params().TxData(), block));
                 }));
         }
         NodeContext *context() override { return &m_context; }
         NodeContext m_context;
     };
 } // namespace
 
 std::unique_ptr<Node> MakeNode() {
     return std::make_unique<NodeImpl>();
 }
 
 } // namespace interfaces
diff --git a/src/ui_interface.cpp b/src/ui_interface.cpp
index cbfe711ff..2c3111499 100644
--- a/src/ui_interface.cpp
+++ b/src/ui_interface.cpp
@@ -1,101 +1,100 @@
 // Copyright (c) 2010-2016 The Bitcoin Core developers
 // Distributed under the MIT software license, see the accompanying
 // file COPYING or http://www.opensource.org/licenses/mit-license.php.
 
 #include <ui_interface.h>
 
 #include <util/translation.h>
 
 #include <boost/signals2/last_value.hpp>
 #include <boost/signals2/signal.hpp>
 
 CClientUIInterface uiInterface;
 
 struct UISignals {
     boost::signals2::signal<CClientUIInterface::ThreadSafeMessageBoxSig,
                             boost::signals2::last_value<bool>>
         ThreadSafeMessageBox;
     boost::signals2::signal<CClientUIInterface::ThreadSafeQuestionSig,
                             boost::signals2::last_value<bool>>
         ThreadSafeQuestion;
     boost::signals2::signal<CClientUIInterface::InitMessageSig> InitMessage;
     boost::signals2::signal<CClientUIInterface::NotifyNumConnectionsChangedSig>
         NotifyNumConnectionsChanged;
     boost::signals2::signal<CClientUIInterface::NotifyNetworkActiveChangedSig>
         NotifyNetworkActiveChanged;
     boost::signals2::signal<CClientUIInterface::NotifyAlertChangedSig>
         NotifyAlertChanged;
     boost::signals2::signal<CClientUIInterface::ShowProgressSig> ShowProgress;
     boost::signals2::signal<CClientUIInterface::NotifyBlockTipSig>
         NotifyBlockTip;
     boost::signals2::signal<CClientUIInterface::NotifyHeaderTipSig>
         NotifyHeaderTip;
     boost::signals2::signal<CClientUIInterface::BannedListChangedSig>
         BannedListChanged;
 };
 static UISignals g_ui_signals;
 
 #define ADD_SIGNALS_IMPL_WRAPPER(signal_name)                                  \
     boost::signals2::connection CClientUIInterface::signal_name##_connect(     \
         std::function<signal_name##Sig> fn) {                                  \
         return g_ui_signals.signal_name.connect(fn);                           \
     }
 
 ADD_SIGNALS_IMPL_WRAPPER(ThreadSafeMessageBox);
 ADD_SIGNALS_IMPL_WRAPPER(ThreadSafeQuestion);
 ADD_SIGNALS_IMPL_WRAPPER(InitMessage);
 ADD_SIGNALS_IMPL_WRAPPER(NotifyNumConnectionsChanged);
 ADD_SIGNALS_IMPL_WRAPPER(NotifyNetworkActiveChanged);
 ADD_SIGNALS_IMPL_WRAPPER(NotifyAlertChanged);
 ADD_SIGNALS_IMPL_WRAPPER(ShowProgress);
 ADD_SIGNALS_IMPL_WRAPPER(NotifyBlockTip);
 ADD_SIGNALS_IMPL_WRAPPER(NotifyHeaderTip);
 ADD_SIGNALS_IMPL_WRAPPER(BannedListChanged);
 
 bool CClientUIInterface::ThreadSafeMessageBox(const bilingual_str &message,
                                               const std::string &caption,
                                               unsigned int style) {
     return g_ui_signals.ThreadSafeMessageBox(message, caption, style);
 }
 bool CClientUIInterface::ThreadSafeQuestion(
     const bilingual_str &message, const std::string &non_interactive_message,
     const std::string &caption, unsigned int style) {
     return g_ui_signals.ThreadSafeQuestion(message, non_interactive_message,
                                            caption, style);
 }
 void CClientUIInterface::InitMessage(const std::string &message) {
     return g_ui_signals.InitMessage(message);
 }
 void CClientUIInterface::NotifyNumConnectionsChanged(int newNumConnections) {
     return g_ui_signals.NotifyNumConnectionsChanged(newNumConnections);
 }
 void CClientUIInterface::NotifyNetworkActiveChanged(bool networkActive) {
     return g_ui_signals.NotifyNetworkActiveChanged(networkActive);
 }
 void CClientUIInterface::NotifyAlertChanged() {
     return g_ui_signals.NotifyAlertChanged();
 }
 void CClientUIInterface::ShowProgress(const std::string &title, int nProgress,
                                       bool resume_possible) {
     return g_ui_signals.ShowProgress(title, nProgress, resume_possible);
 }
 void CClientUIInterface::NotifyBlockTip(bool b, const CBlockIndex *i) {
     return g_ui_signals.NotifyBlockTip(b, i);
 }
 void CClientUIInterface::NotifyHeaderTip(bool b, const CBlockIndex *i) {
     return g_ui_signals.NotifyHeaderTip(b, i);
 }
 void CClientUIInterface::BannedListChanged() {
     return g_ui_signals.BannedListChanged();
 }
 
-bool InitError(const std::string &str) {
-    uiInterface.ThreadSafeMessageBox(Untranslated(str), "",
-                                     CClientUIInterface::MSG_ERROR);
+bool InitError(const bilingual_str &str) {
+    uiInterface.ThreadSafeMessageBox(str, "", CClientUIInterface::MSG_ERROR);
     return false;
 }
 
 void InitWarning(const std::string &str) {
     uiInterface.ThreadSafeMessageBox(Untranslated(str), "",
                                      CClientUIInterface::MSG_WARNING);
 }
diff --git a/src/ui_interface.h b/src/ui_interface.h
index 28094b246..68fed3350 100644
--- a/src/ui_interface.h
+++ b/src/ui_interface.h
@@ -1,147 +1,148 @@
 // Copyright (c) 2010 Satoshi Nakamoto
 // Copyright (c) 2012-2016 The Bitcoin Core developers
 // Distributed under the MIT software license, see the accompanying
 // file COPYING or http://www.opensource.org/licenses/mit-license.php.
 
 #ifndef BITCOIN_UI_INTERFACE_H
 #define BITCOIN_UI_INTERFACE_H
 
 #include <functional>
 #include <memory>
 #include <string>
 
 class CBlockIndex;
 struct bilingual_str;
 
 namespace boost {
 namespace signals2 {
     class connection;
 }
 } // namespace boost
 
 /** General change type (added, updated, removed). */
 enum ChangeType { CT_NEW, CT_UPDATED, CT_DELETED };
 
 /** Signals for UI communication. */
 class CClientUIInterface {
 public:
     /** Flags for CClientUIInterface::ThreadSafeMessageBox */
     enum MessageBoxFlags {
         ICON_INFORMATION = 0,
         ICON_WARNING = (1U << 0),
         ICON_ERROR = (1U << 1),
         /**
          * Mask of all available icons in CClientUIInterface::MessageBoxFlags
          * This needs to be updated, when icons are changed there!
          */
         ICON_MASK = (ICON_INFORMATION | ICON_WARNING | ICON_ERROR),
 
         /**
          * These values are taken from qmessagebox.h "enum StandardButton" to be
          * directly usable.
          */
         BTN_OK = 0x00000400U,      // QMessageBox::Ok
         BTN_YES = 0x00004000U,     // QMessageBox::Yes
         BTN_NO = 0x00010000U,      // QMessageBox::No
         BTN_ABORT = 0x00040000U,   // QMessageBox::Abort
         BTN_RETRY = 0x00080000U,   // QMessageBox::Retry
         BTN_IGNORE = 0x00100000U,  // QMessageBox::Ignore
         BTN_CLOSE = 0x00200000U,   // QMessageBox::Close
         BTN_CANCEL = 0x00400000U,  // QMessageBox::Cancel
         BTN_DISCARD = 0x00800000U, // QMessageBox::Discard
         BTN_HELP = 0x01000000U,    // QMessageBox::Help
         BTN_APPLY = 0x02000000U,   // QMessageBox::Apply
         BTN_RESET = 0x04000000U,   // QMessageBox::Reset
 
         /**
          * Mask of all available buttons in CClientUIInterface::MessageBoxFlags
          * This needs to be updated, when buttons are changed there!
          */
         BTN_MASK = (BTN_OK | BTN_YES | BTN_NO | BTN_ABORT | BTN_RETRY |
                     BTN_IGNORE | BTN_CLOSE | BTN_CANCEL | BTN_DISCARD |
                     BTN_HELP | BTN_APPLY | BTN_RESET),
 
         /**
          * Force blocking, modal message box dialog (not just OS notification)
          */
         MODAL = 0x10000000U,
 
         /** Do not prepend error/warning prefix */
         MSG_NOPREFIX = 0x20000000U,
 
         /** Do not print contents of message to debug log */
         SECURE = 0x40000000U,
 
         /** Predefined combinations for certain default usage cases */
         MSG_INFORMATION = ICON_INFORMATION,
         MSG_WARNING = (ICON_WARNING | BTN_OK | MODAL),
         MSG_ERROR = (ICON_ERROR | BTN_OK | MODAL)
     };
 
 #define ADD_SIGNALS_DECL_WRAPPER(signal_name, rtype, args...)                  \
     rtype signal_name(args);                                                   \
     using signal_name##Sig = rtype(args);                                      \
     boost::signals2::connection signal_name##_connect(                         \
         std::function<signal_name##Sig> fn);
 
     /**
      * Show message box.
      */
     ADD_SIGNALS_DECL_WRAPPER(ThreadSafeMessageBox, bool,
                              const bilingual_str &message,
                              const std::string &caption, unsigned int style);
 
     /**
      * If possible, ask the user a question. If not, falls back to
      * ThreadSafeMessageBox(noninteractive_message, caption, style) and returns
      * false.
      */
     ADD_SIGNALS_DECL_WRAPPER(ThreadSafeQuestion, bool,
                              const bilingual_str &message,
                              const std::string &noninteractive_message,
                              const std::string &caption, unsigned int style);
 
     /** Progress message during initialization. */
     ADD_SIGNALS_DECL_WRAPPER(InitMessage, void, const std::string &message);
 
     /** Number of network connections changed. */
 
     ADD_SIGNALS_DECL_WRAPPER(NotifyNumConnectionsChanged, void,
                              int newNumConnections);
 
     /** Network activity state changed. */
     ADD_SIGNALS_DECL_WRAPPER(NotifyNetworkActiveChanged, void,
                              bool networkActive);
 
     /**
      * Status bar alerts changed.
      */
     ADD_SIGNALS_DECL_WRAPPER(NotifyAlertChanged, void, );
 
     /**
      * Show progress e.g. for verifychain.
      * resume_possible indicates shutting down now will result in the current
      * progress action resuming upon restart.
      */
     ADD_SIGNALS_DECL_WRAPPER(ShowProgress, void, const std::string &title,
                              int nProgress, bool resume_possible);
 
     /** New block has been accepted */
     ADD_SIGNALS_DECL_WRAPPER(NotifyBlockTip, void, bool, const CBlockIndex *);
 
     /** Best header has changed */
     ADD_SIGNALS_DECL_WRAPPER(NotifyHeaderTip, void, bool, const CBlockIndex *);
 
     /** Banlist did change. */
     ADD_SIGNALS_DECL_WRAPPER(BannedListChanged, void, void);
 };
 
 /** Show warning message **/
+// TODO: InitWarning() should take a bilingual_str parameter.
 void InitWarning(const std::string &str);
 
 /** Show error message **/
-bool InitError(const std::string &str);
+bool InitError(const bilingual_str &str);
 
 extern CClientUIInterface uiInterface;
 
 #endif // BITCOIN_UI_INTERFACE_H
diff --git a/src/wallet/init.cpp b/src/wallet/init.cpp
index 068724afd..8231f30e1 100644
--- a/src/wallet/init.cpp
+++ b/src/wallet/init.cpp
@@ -1,234 +1,235 @@
 // Copyright (c) 2009-2010 Satoshi Nakamoto
 // Copyright (c) 2009-2017 The Bitcoin Core developers
 // Copyright (c) 2018-2020 The Bitcoin developers
 // Distributed under the MIT software license, see the accompanying
 // file COPYING or http://www.opensource.org/licenses/mit-license.php.
 
 #include <config.h>
 #include <init.h>
 #include <interfaces/chain.h>
 #include <net.h>
 #include <node/context.h>
 #include <ui_interface.h>
 #include <util/moneystr.h>
 #include <util/system.h>
 #include <util/translation.h>
 #include <wallet/coincontrol.h>
 #include <wallet/rpcdump.h>
 #include <wallet/wallet.h>
 #include <walletinitinterface.h>
 
 class WalletInit : public WalletInitInterface {
 public:
     //! Was the wallet component compiled in.
     bool HasWalletSupport() const override { return true; }
 
     //! Return the wallets help message.
     void AddWalletOptions() const override;
 
     //! Wallets parameter interaction
     bool ParameterInteraction() const override;
 
     //! Add wallets that should be opened to list of chain clients.
     void Construct(NodeContext &node) const override;
 };
 
 const WalletInitInterface &g_wallet_init_interface = WalletInit();
 
 void WalletInit::AddWalletOptions() const {
     gArgs.AddArg(
         "-avoidpartialspends",
         strprintf("Group outputs by address, selecting all or none, instead of "
                   "selecting on a per-output basis. Privacy is improved as an "
                   "address is only used once (unless someone sends to it after "
                   "spending from it), but may result in slightly higher fees "
                   "as suboptimal coin selection may result due to the added "
                   "limitation (default: %u (always enabled for wallets with "
                   "\"avoid_reuse\" enabled))",
                   DEFAULT_AVOIDPARTIALSPENDS),
         ArgsManager::ALLOW_ANY, OptionsCategory::WALLET);
 
     gArgs.AddArg("-disablewallet",
                  "Do not load the wallet and disable wallet RPC calls",
                  ArgsManager::ALLOW_ANY, OptionsCategory::WALLET);
     gArgs.AddArg("-fallbackfee=<amt>",
                  strprintf("A fee rate (in %s/kB) that will be used when fee "
                            "estimation has insufficient data. 0 to entirely "
                            "disable the fallbackfee feature. (default: %s)",
                            CURRENCY_UNIT, FormatMoney(DEFAULT_FALLBACK_FEE)),
                  ArgsManager::ALLOW_ANY, OptionsCategory::WALLET);
     gArgs.AddArg(
         "-keypool=<n>",
         strprintf("Set key pool size to <n> (default: %u). Warning: Smaller "
                   "sizes may increase the risk of losing funds when restoring "
                   "from an old backup, if none of the addresses in the "
                   "original keypool have been used.",
                   DEFAULT_KEYPOOL_SIZE),
         ArgsManager::ALLOW_ANY, OptionsCategory::WALLET);
     gArgs.AddArg(
         "-maxapsfee=<n>",
         strprintf(
             "Spend up to this amount in additional (absolute) fees (in %s) if "
             "it allows the use of partial spend avoidance (default: %s)",
             CURRENCY_UNIT, FormatMoney(DEFAULT_MAX_AVOIDPARTIALSPEND_FEE)),
         ArgsManager::ALLOW_ANY, OptionsCategory::WALLET);
     gArgs.AddArg(
         "-maxtxfee=<amt>",
         strprintf("Maximum total fees (in %s) to use in a single wallet "
                   "transaction or raw transaction; setting this too low may "
                   "abort large transactions (default: %s)",
                   CURRENCY_UNIT, FormatMoney(DEFAULT_TRANSACTION_MAXFEE)),
         ArgsManager::ALLOW_ANY, OptionsCategory::DEBUG_TEST);
     gArgs.AddArg("-mintxfee=<amt>",
                  strprintf("Fees (in %s/kB) smaller than this are considered "
                            "zero fee for transaction creation (default: %s)",
                            CURRENCY_UNIT,
                            FormatMoney(DEFAULT_TRANSACTION_MINFEE_PER_KB)),
                  ArgsManager::ALLOW_ANY, OptionsCategory::WALLET);
     gArgs.AddArg(
         "-paytxfee=<amt>",
         strprintf(
             "Fee (in %s/kB) to add to transactions you send (default: %s)",
             CURRENCY_UNIT,
             FormatMoney(CFeeRate{DEFAULT_PAY_TX_FEE}.GetFeePerK())),
         ArgsManager::ALLOW_ANY, OptionsCategory::WALLET);
     gArgs.AddArg(
         "-rescan",
         "Rescan the block chain for missing wallet transactions on startup",
         ArgsManager::ALLOW_ANY, OptionsCategory::WALLET);
     gArgs.AddArg(
         "-salvagewallet",
         "Attempt to recover private keys from a corrupt wallet on startup",
         ArgsManager::ALLOW_ANY, OptionsCategory::WALLET);
 
     gArgs.AddArg(
         "-spendzeroconfchange",
         strprintf(
             "Spend unconfirmed change when sending transactions (default: %d)",
             DEFAULT_SPEND_ZEROCONF_CHANGE),
         ArgsManager::ALLOW_ANY, OptionsCategory::WALLET);
     gArgs.AddArg("-wallet=<path>",
                  "Specify wallet database path. Can be specified multiple "
                  "times to load multiple wallets. Path is interpreted relative "
                  "to <walletdir> if it is not absolute, and will be created if "
                  "it does not exist (as a directory containing a wallet.dat "
                  "file and log files). For backwards compatibility this will "
                  "also accept names of existing data files in <walletdir>.)",
                  ArgsManager::ALLOW_ANY | ArgsManager::NETWORK_ONLY,
                  OptionsCategory::WALLET);
     gArgs.AddArg(
         "-walletbroadcast",
         strprintf("Make the wallet broadcast transactions (default: %d)",
                   DEFAULT_WALLETBROADCAST),
         ArgsManager::ALLOW_ANY, OptionsCategory::WALLET);
     gArgs.AddArg("-walletdir=<dir>",
                  "Specify directory to hold wallets (default: "
                  "<datadir>/wallets if it exists, otherwise <datadir>)",
                  ArgsManager::ALLOW_ANY | ArgsManager::NETWORK_ONLY,
                  OptionsCategory::WALLET);
 #if defined(HAVE_SYSTEM)
     gArgs.AddArg("-walletnotify=<cmd>",
                  "Execute command when a wallet transaction changes (%s in cmd "
                  "is replaced by TxID)",
                  ArgsManager::ALLOW_ANY, OptionsCategory::WALLET);
 #endif
     gArgs.AddArg(
         "-zapwallettxes=<mode>",
         "Delete all wallet transactions and only recover those parts of the "
         "blockchain through -rescan on startup (1 = keep tx meta data e.g. "
         "payment request information, 2 = drop tx meta data)",
         ArgsManager::ALLOW_ANY, OptionsCategory::WALLET);
 
     gArgs.AddArg("-dblogsize=<n>",
                  strprintf("Flush wallet database activity from memory to disk "
                            "log every <n> megabytes (default: %u)",
                            DEFAULT_WALLET_DBLOGSIZE),
                  ArgsManager::ALLOW_ANY | ArgsManager::DEBUG_ONLY,
                  OptionsCategory::WALLET_DEBUG_TEST);
     gArgs.AddArg(
         "-flushwallet",
         strprintf("Run a thread to flush wallet periodically (default: %d)",
                   DEFAULT_FLUSHWALLET),
         ArgsManager::ALLOW_ANY | ArgsManager::DEBUG_ONLY,
         OptionsCategory::WALLET_DEBUG_TEST);
     gArgs.AddArg("-privdb",
                  strprintf("Sets the DB_PRIVATE flag in the wallet db "
                            "environment (default: %d)",
                            DEFAULT_WALLET_PRIVDB),
                  ArgsManager::ALLOW_ANY | ArgsManager::DEBUG_ONLY,
                  OptionsCategory::WALLET_DEBUG_TEST);
     gArgs.AddArg("-walletrejectlongchains",
                  strprintf("Wallet will not create transactions that violate "
                            "mempool chain limits (default: %d)",
                            DEFAULT_WALLET_REJECT_LONG_CHAINS),
                  ArgsManager::ALLOW_ANY | ArgsManager::DEBUG_ONLY,
                  OptionsCategory::WALLET_DEBUG_TEST);
 }
 
 bool WalletInit::ParameterInteraction() const {
     const bool is_multiwallet = gArgs.GetArgs("-wallet").size() > 1;
 
     if (gArgs.GetBoolArg("-disablewallet", DEFAULT_DISABLE_WALLET)) {
         return true;
     }
 
     if (gArgs.GetBoolArg("-blocksonly", DEFAULT_BLOCKSONLY) &&
         gArgs.SoftSetBoolArg("-walletbroadcast", false)) {
         LogPrintf("%s: parameter interaction: -blocksonly=1 -> setting "
                   "-walletbroadcast=0\n",
                   __func__);
     }
 
     if (gArgs.GetBoolArg("-salvagewallet", false)) {
         if (is_multiwallet) {
-            return InitError(
-                strprintf("%s is only allowed with a single wallet file",
-                          "-salvagewallet"));
+            return InitError(strprintf(
+                Untranslated("%s is only allowed with a single wallet file"),
+                "-salvagewallet"));
         }
         // Rewrite just private keys: rescan to find transactions
         if (gArgs.SoftSetBoolArg("-rescan", true)) {
             LogPrintf("%s: parameter interaction: -salvagewallet=1 -> setting "
                       "-rescan=1\n",
                       __func__);
         }
     }
 
     bool zapwallettxes = gArgs.GetBoolArg("-zapwallettxes", false);
     // -zapwallettxes implies dropping the mempool on startup
     if (zapwallettxes && gArgs.SoftSetBoolArg("-persistmempool", false)) {
         LogPrintf("%s: parameter interaction: -zapwallettxes enabled -> "
                   "setting -persistmempool=0\n",
                   __func__);
     }
 
     // -zapwallettxes implies a rescan
     if (zapwallettxes) {
         if (is_multiwallet) {
-            return InitError(
-                strprintf("%s is only allowed with a single wallet file",
-                          "-zapwallettxes"));
+            return InitError(strprintf(
+                Untranslated("%s is only allowed with a single wallet file"),
+                "-zapwallettxes"));
         }
         if (gArgs.SoftSetBoolArg("-rescan", true)) {
             LogPrintf("%s: parameter interaction: -zapwallettxes enabled -> "
                       "setting -rescan=1\n",
                       __func__);
         }
     }
 
     if (gArgs.GetBoolArg("-sysperms", false)) {
-        return InitError("-sysperms is not allowed in combination with enabled "
-                         "wallet functionality");
+        return InitError(
+            Untranslated("-sysperms is not allowed in combination with enabled "
+                         "wallet functionality"));
     }
 
     return true;
 }
 
 void WalletInit::Construct(NodeContext &node) const {
     if (gArgs.GetBoolArg("-disablewallet", DEFAULT_DISABLE_WALLET)) {
         LogPrintf("Wallet disabled!\n");
         return;
     }
     gArgs.SoftSetArg("-wallet", "");
     node.chain_clients.emplace_back(
         interfaces::MakeWalletClient(*node.chain, gArgs.GetArgs("-wallet")));
 }
diff --git a/src/wallet/load.cpp b/src/wallet/load.cpp
index b14ede7a5..33e31db77 100644
--- a/src/wallet/load.cpp
+++ b/src/wallet/load.cpp
@@ -1,145 +1,144 @@
 // Copyright (c) 2009-2010 Satoshi Nakamoto
 // Copyright (c) 2009-2018 The Bitcoin Core developers
 // Distributed under the MIT software license, see the accompanying
 // file COPYING or http://www.opensource.org/licenses/mit-license.php.
 
 #include <wallet/load.h>
 
 #include <interfaces/chain.h>
 #include <scheduler.h>
 #include <util/string.h>
 #include <util/system.h>
 #include <util/translation.h>
 #include <wallet/wallet.h>
 
 bool VerifyWallets(const CChainParams &chainParams, interfaces::Chain &chain,
                    const std::vector<std::string> &wallet_files) {
     if (gArgs.IsArgSet("-walletdir")) {
         fs::path wallet_dir = gArgs.GetArg("-walletdir", "");
         boost::system::error_code error;
         // The canonical path cleans the path, preventing >1 Berkeley
         // environment instances for the same directory
         fs::path canonical_wallet_dir = fs::canonical(wallet_dir, error);
         if (error || !fs::exists(wallet_dir)) {
-            chain.initError(strprintf(
-                _("Specified -walletdir \"%s\" does not exist").translated,
-                wallet_dir.string()));
+            chain.initError(
+                strprintf(_("Specified -walletdir \"%s\" does not exist"),
+                          wallet_dir.string()));
             return false;
         } else if (!fs::is_directory(wallet_dir)) {
-            chain.initError(strprintf(
-                _("Specified -walletdir \"%s\" is not a directory").translated,
-                wallet_dir.string()));
+            chain.initError(
+                strprintf(_("Specified -walletdir \"%s\" is not a directory"),
+                          wallet_dir.string()));
             return false;
             // The canonical path transforms relative paths into absolute ones,
             // so we check the non-canonical version
         } else if (!wallet_dir.is_absolute()) {
-            chain.initError(strprintf(
-                _("Specified -walletdir \"%s\" is a relative path").translated,
-                wallet_dir.string()));
+            chain.initError(
+                strprintf(_("Specified -walletdir \"%s\" is a relative path"),
+                          wallet_dir.string()));
             return false;
         }
         gArgs.ForceSetArg("-walletdir", canonical_wallet_dir.string());
     }
 
     LogPrintf("Using wallet directory %s\n", GetWalletDir().string());
 
     chain.initMessage(_("Verifying wallet(s)...").translated);
 
     // Parameter interaction code should have thrown an error if -salvagewallet
     // was enabled with more than wallet file, so the wallet_files size check
     // here should have no effect.
     bool salvage_wallet =
         gArgs.GetBoolArg("-salvagewallet", false) && wallet_files.size() <= 1;
 
     // Keep track of each wallet absolute path to detect duplicates.
     std::set<fs::path> wallet_paths;
 
     for (const auto &wallet_file : wallet_files) {
         WalletLocation location(wallet_file);
 
         if (!wallet_paths.insert(location.GetPath()).second) {
             chain.initError(strprintf(_("Error loading wallet %s. Duplicate "
-                                        "-wallet filename specified.")
-                                          .translated,
+                                        "-wallet filename specified."),
                                       wallet_file));
             return false;
         }
 
         bilingual_str error_string;
         std::vector<bilingual_str> warnings;
         bool verify_success =
             CWallet::Verify(chainParams, chain, location, salvage_wallet,
                             error_string, warnings);
         if (!warnings.empty()) {
             chain.initWarning(Join(warnings, "\n", OpTranslated));
         }
         if (!verify_success) {
-            chain.initError(error_string.translated);
+            chain.initError(error_string);
             return false;
         }
     }
 
     return true;
 }
 
 bool LoadWallets(const CChainParams &chainParams, interfaces::Chain &chain,
                  const std::vector<std::string> &wallet_files) {
     for (const std::string &walletFile : wallet_files) {
         bilingual_str error;
         std::vector<bilingual_str> warnings;
         std::shared_ptr<CWallet> pwallet = CWallet::CreateWalletFromFile(
             chainParams, chain, WalletLocation(walletFile), error, warnings);
         if (!warnings.empty()) {
             chain.initWarning(Join(warnings, "\n", OpTranslated));
         }
         if (!pwallet) {
-            chain.initError(error.translated);
+            chain.initError(error);
             return false;
         }
         AddWallet(pwallet);
     }
 
     return true;
 }
 
 void StartWallets(CScheduler &scheduler) {
     for (const std::shared_ptr<CWallet> &pwallet : GetWallets()) {
         pwallet->postInitProcess();
     }
 
     // Schedule periodic wallet flushes and tx rebroadcasts
     scheduler.scheduleEvery(
         [] {
             MaybeCompactWalletDB();
             return true;
         },
         std::chrono::milliseconds{500});
     scheduler.scheduleEvery(
         [] {
             MaybeResendWalletTxs();
             return true;
         },
         std::chrono::milliseconds{1000});
 }
 
 void FlushWallets() {
     for (const std::shared_ptr<CWallet> &pwallet : GetWallets()) {
         pwallet->Flush(false);
     }
 }
 
 void StopWallets() {
     for (const std::shared_ptr<CWallet> &pwallet : GetWallets()) {
         pwallet->Flush(true);
     }
 }
 
 void UnloadWallets() {
     auto wallets = GetWallets();
     while (!wallets.empty()) {
         auto wallet = wallets.back();
         wallets.pop_back();
         RemoveWallet(wallet);
         UnloadWallet(std::move(wallet));
     }
 }