diff --git a/src/test/validation_chainstate_tests.cpp b/src/test/validation_chainstate_tests.cpp
index b4596c5cf..72e786dcf 100644
--- a/src/test/validation_chainstate_tests.cpp
+++ b/src/test/validation_chainstate_tests.cpp
@@ -1,160 +1,160 @@
 // Copyright (c) 2020 The Bitcoin Core developers
 // Distributed under the MIT software license, see the accompanying
 // file COPYING or http://www.opensource.org/licenses/mit-license.php.
 //
 #include <chainparams.h>
 #include <config.h>
 #include <consensus/validation.h>
 #include <random.h>
 #include <rpc/blockchain.h>
 #include <sync.h>
 #include <test/util/chainstate.h>
 #include <test/util/setup_common.h>
 #include <uint256.h>
 #include <validation.h>
 
 #include <vector>
 
 #include <boost/test/unit_test.hpp>
 
 BOOST_FIXTURE_TEST_SUITE(validation_chainstate_tests, TestingSetup)
 
 //! Test resizing coins-related CChainState caches during runtime.
 //!
 BOOST_AUTO_TEST_CASE(validation_chainstate_resize_caches) {
     ChainstateManager manager;
     WITH_LOCK(::cs_main, manager.m_blockman.m_block_tree_db =
                              std::make_unique<CBlockTreeDB>(1 << 20, true));
     CTxMemPool mempool;
 
     //! Create and add a Coin with DynamicMemoryUsage of 80 bytes to the given
     //! view.
     auto add_coin = [](CCoinsViewCache &coins_view) -> COutPoint {
         TxId txid{InsecureRand256()};
         COutPoint outp{txid, 0};
         Amount nValue = static_cast<int64_t>(InsecureRand32()) * SATOSHI;
         CScript scriptPubKey;
         scriptPubKey.assign((uint32_t)56, 1);
         Coin newcoin(CTxOut(nValue, std::move(scriptPubKey)), 1, false);
         coins_view.AddCoin(outp, std::move(newcoin), false);
 
         return outp;
     };
 
     CChainState &c1 =
         *WITH_LOCK(cs_main, return &manager.InitializeChainstate(&mempool));
     c1.InitCoinsDB(
         /* cache_size_bytes */ 1 << 23, /* in_memory */ true,
         /* should_wipe */ false);
     WITH_LOCK(::cs_main, c1.InitCoinsCache(1 << 23));
     // Need at least one block loaded to be able to flush caches
     BOOST_REQUIRE(c1.LoadGenesisBlock());
 
     // Add a coin to the in-memory cache, upsize once, then downsize.
     {
         LOCK(::cs_main);
         auto outpoint = add_coin(c1.CoinsTip());
 
         // Set a meaningless bestblock value in the coinsview cache - otherwise
         // we won't flush during ResizecoinsCaches() and will subsequently hit
         // an assertion.
         c1.CoinsTip().SetBestBlock(BlockHash{InsecureRand256()});
 
         BOOST_CHECK(c1.CoinsTip().HaveCoinInCache(outpoint));
 
         c1.ResizeCoinsCaches(/* upsizing the coinsview cache */ 1 << 24,
                              /* downsizing the coinsdb cache */ 1 << 22);
 
         // View should still have the coin cached, since we haven't destructed
         // the cache on upsize.
         BOOST_CHECK(c1.CoinsTip().HaveCoinInCache(outpoint));
 
         c1.ResizeCoinsCaches(/* upsizing the coinsview cache */ 1 << 22,
                              /* downsizing the coinsdb cache */ 1 << 23);
 
         // The view cache should be empty since we had to destruct to downsize.
         BOOST_CHECK(!c1.CoinsTip().HaveCoinInCache(outpoint));
     }
 }
 
 //! Test UpdateTip behavior for both active and background chainstates.
 //!
 //! When run on the background chainstate, UpdateTip should do a subset
 //! of what it does for the active chainstate.
 BOOST_FIXTURE_TEST_CASE(chainstate_update_tip, TestChain100Setup) {
     ChainstateManager &chainman = *Assert(m_node.chainman);
     BlockHash curr_tip = BlockHash{::g_best_block};
 
     // Mine 10 more blocks, putting at us height 110 where a valid assumeutxo
     // value can be found.
     mineBlocks(10);
 
     // After adding some blocks to the tip, best block should have changed.
     BOOST_CHECK(::g_best_block != curr_tip);
 
     BOOST_REQUIRE(CreateAndActivateUTXOSnapshot(m_node, m_path_root));
 
     // Ensure our active chain is the snapshot chainstate.
-    BOOST_CHECK(chainman.IsSnapshotActive());
+    BOOST_CHECK(WITH_LOCK(::cs_main, return chainman.IsSnapshotActive()));
 
     curr_tip = BlockHash{::g_best_block};
 
     // Mine a new block on top of the activated snapshot chainstate.
     // Defined in TestChain100Setup.
     mineBlocks(1);
 
     // After adding some blocks to the snapshot tip, best block should have
     // changed.
     BOOST_CHECK(::g_best_block != curr_tip);
 
     curr_tip = BlockHash{::g_best_block};
 
     CChainState *background_cs = nullptr;
 
     auto chainstates = chainman.GetAll();
     BOOST_CHECK_EQUAL(chainstates.size(), 2);
     for (CChainState *cs : chainman.GetAll()) {
         BOOST_CHECK(cs);
         if (cs != &chainman.ActiveChainstate()) {
             background_cs = cs;
         }
     }
     BOOST_CHECK(background_cs);
 
     // Create a block to append to the validation chain.
     std::vector<CMutableTransaction> noTxns;
     CScript scriptPubKey = CScript() << ToByteVector(coinbaseKey.GetPubKey())
                                      << OP_CHECKSIG;
     CBlock validation_block =
         this->CreateBlock(noTxns, scriptPubKey, *background_cs);
     auto pblock = std::make_shared<const CBlock>(validation_block);
     BlockValidationState state;
     bool newblock = false;
 
     const Config &config = GetConfig();
     // TODO: much of this is inlined from ProcessNewBlock(); just reuse PNB()
     // once it is changed to support multiple chainstates.
     {
         LOCK(::cs_main);
         BlockValidationOptions options{config};
         bool checked = CheckBlock(
             *pblock, state, config.GetChainParams().GetConsensus(), options);
         BOOST_CHECK(checked);
         bool accepted = background_cs->AcceptBlock(config, pblock, state, true,
                                                    nullptr, &newblock);
         BOOST_CHECK(accepted);
     }
     // UpdateTip is called here
     bool block_added = background_cs->ActivateBestChain(config, state, pblock);
 
     // Ensure tip is as expected
     BOOST_CHECK_EQUAL(background_cs->m_chain.Tip()->GetBlockHash(),
                       validation_block.GetHash());
 
     // g_best_block should be unchanged after adding a block to the background
     // validation chain.
     BOOST_CHECK(block_added);
     BOOST_CHECK_EQUAL(curr_tip, ::g_best_block);
 }
 
 BOOST_AUTO_TEST_SUITE_END()
diff --git a/src/test/validation_chainstatemanager_tests.cpp b/src/test/validation_chainstatemanager_tests.cpp
index 00d4b32a8..c622b2a96 100644
--- a/src/test/validation_chainstatemanager_tests.cpp
+++ b/src/test/validation_chainstatemanager_tests.cpp
@@ -1,414 +1,414 @@
 // Copyright (c) 2019 The Bitcoin Core developers
 // Distributed under the MIT software license, see the accompanying
 // file COPYING or http://www.opensource.org/licenses/mit-license.php.
 //
 #include <chainparams.h>
 #include <config.h>
 #include <consensus/validation.h>
 #include <node/utxo_snapshot.h>
 #include <random.h>
 #include <rpc/blockchain.h>
 #include <sync.h>
 #include <test/util/chainstate.h>
 #include <test/util/setup_common.h>
 #include <validation.h>
 #include <validationinterface.h>
 
 #include <tinyformat.h>
 
 #include <vector>
 
 #include <boost/test/unit_test.hpp>
 
 using node::SnapshotMetadata;
 
 BOOST_FIXTURE_TEST_SUITE(validation_chainstatemanager_tests, ChainTestingSetup)
 
 //! Basic tests for ChainstateManager.
 //!
 //! First create a legacy (IBD) chainstate, then create a snapshot chainstate.
 BOOST_AUTO_TEST_CASE(chainstatemanager) {
     ChainstateManager &manager = *m_node.chainman;
     CTxMemPool &mempool = *m_node.mempool;
 
     std::vector<CChainState *> chainstates;
 
     BOOST_CHECK(!manager.SnapshotBlockhash().has_value());
 
     // Create a legacy (IBD) chainstate.
     //
     CChainState &c1 =
         *WITH_LOCK(::cs_main, return &manager.InitializeChainstate(&mempool));
     chainstates.push_back(&c1);
     c1.InitCoinsDB(
         /* cache_size_bytes */ 1 << 23, /* in_memory */ true,
         /* should_wipe */ false);
     WITH_LOCK(::cs_main, c1.InitCoinsCache(1 << 23));
 
     BOOST_CHECK(!manager.IsSnapshotActive());
-    BOOST_CHECK(!manager.IsSnapshotValidated());
+    BOOST_CHECK(WITH_LOCK(::cs_main, return !manager.IsSnapshotValidated()));
     auto all = manager.GetAll();
     BOOST_CHECK_EQUAL_COLLECTIONS(all.begin(), all.end(), chainstates.begin(),
                                   chainstates.end());
 
     auto &active_chain = manager.ActiveChain();
     BOOST_CHECK_EQUAL(&active_chain, &c1.m_chain);
 
     BOOST_CHECK_EQUAL(manager.ActiveHeight(), -1);
 
     auto active_tip = manager.ActiveTip();
     auto exp_tip = c1.m_chain.Tip();
     BOOST_CHECK_EQUAL(active_tip, exp_tip);
 
     BOOST_CHECK(!manager.SnapshotBlockhash().has_value());
 
     // Create a snapshot-based chainstate.
     //
     const BlockHash snapshot_blockhash{GetRandHash()};
     CChainState &c2 = *WITH_LOCK(
         ::cs_main,
         return &manager.InitializeChainstate(&mempool, snapshot_blockhash));
     chainstates.push_back(&c2);
 
     BOOST_CHECK_EQUAL(manager.SnapshotBlockhash().value(), snapshot_blockhash);
 
     c2.InitCoinsDB(
         /* cache_size_bytes */ 1 << 23, /* in_memory */ true,
         /* should_wipe */ false);
     WITH_LOCK(::cs_main, c2.InitCoinsCache(1 << 23));
     // Unlike c1, which doesn't have any blocks. Gets us different tip, height.
     c2.LoadGenesisBlock();
     BlockValidationState _;
     BOOST_CHECK(c2.ActivateBestChain(GetConfig(), _, nullptr));
 
     BOOST_CHECK(manager.IsSnapshotActive());
-    BOOST_CHECK(!manager.IsSnapshotValidated());
+    BOOST_CHECK(WITH_LOCK(::cs_main, return !manager.IsSnapshotValidated()));
     BOOST_CHECK_EQUAL(&c2, &manager.ActiveChainstate());
     BOOST_CHECK(&c1 != &manager.ActiveChainstate());
     auto all2 = manager.GetAll();
     BOOST_CHECK_EQUAL_COLLECTIONS(all2.begin(), all2.end(), chainstates.begin(),
                                   chainstates.end());
 
     auto &active_chain2 = manager.ActiveChain();
     BOOST_CHECK_EQUAL(&active_chain2, &c2.m_chain);
 
     BOOST_CHECK_EQUAL(manager.ActiveHeight(), 0);
 
     auto active_tip2 = manager.ActiveTip();
     auto exp_tip2 = c2.m_chain.Tip();
     BOOST_CHECK_EQUAL(active_tip2, exp_tip2);
 
     // Ensure that these pointers actually correspond to different
     // CCoinsViewCache instances.
     BOOST_CHECK(exp_tip != exp_tip2);
 
     // Let scheduler events finish running to avoid accessing memory that is
     // going to be unloaded
     SyncWithValidationInterfaceQueue();
 }
 
 //! Test rebalancing the caches associated with each chainstate.
 BOOST_AUTO_TEST_CASE(chainstatemanager_rebalance_caches) {
     ChainstateManager &manager = *m_node.chainman;
     CTxMemPool &mempool = *m_node.mempool;
 
     size_t max_cache = 10000;
     manager.m_total_coinsdb_cache = max_cache;
     manager.m_total_coinstip_cache = max_cache;
 
     std::vector<CChainState *> chainstates;
 
     // Create a legacy (IBD) chainstate.
     //
     CChainState &c1 =
         *WITH_LOCK(cs_main, return &manager.InitializeChainstate(&mempool));
     chainstates.push_back(&c1);
     c1.InitCoinsDB(
         /* cache_size_bytes */ 1 << 23, /* in_memory */ true,
         /* should_wipe */ false);
 
     {
         LOCK(::cs_main);
         c1.InitCoinsCache(1 << 23);
         BOOST_REQUIRE(c1.LoadGenesisBlock());
         c1.CoinsTip().SetBestBlock(BlockHash{InsecureRand256()});
         manager.MaybeRebalanceCaches();
     }
 
     BOOST_CHECK_EQUAL(c1.m_coinstip_cache_size_bytes, max_cache);
     BOOST_CHECK_EQUAL(c1.m_coinsdb_cache_size_bytes, max_cache);
 
     // Create a snapshot-based chainstate.
     //
     CChainState &c2 =
         *WITH_LOCK(cs_main, return &manager.InitializeChainstate(
                                 &mempool, BlockHash{GetRandHash()}));
     chainstates.push_back(&c2);
     c2.InitCoinsDB(
         /* cache_size_bytes */ 1 << 23, /* in_memory */ true,
         /* should_wipe */ false);
 
     {
         LOCK(::cs_main);
         c2.InitCoinsCache(1 << 23);
         BOOST_REQUIRE(c2.LoadGenesisBlock());
         c2.CoinsTip().SetBestBlock(BlockHash{InsecureRand256()});
         manager.MaybeRebalanceCaches();
     }
 
     // Since both chainstates are considered to be in initial block download,
     // the snapshot chainstate should take priority.
     BOOST_CHECK_CLOSE(c1.m_coinstip_cache_size_bytes, max_cache * 0.05, 1);
     BOOST_CHECK_CLOSE(c1.m_coinsdb_cache_size_bytes, max_cache * 0.05, 1);
     BOOST_CHECK_CLOSE(c2.m_coinstip_cache_size_bytes, max_cache * 0.95, 1);
     BOOST_CHECK_CLOSE(c2.m_coinsdb_cache_size_bytes, max_cache * 0.95, 1);
 }
 
 //! Test basic snapshot activation.
 BOOST_FIXTURE_TEST_CASE(chainstatemanager_activate_snapshot,
                         TestChain100Setup) {
     ChainstateManager &chainman = *Assert(m_node.chainman);
 
     size_t initial_size;
     size_t initial_total_coins{100};
 
     // Make some initial assertions about the contents of the chainstate.
     {
         LOCK(::cs_main);
         CCoinsViewCache &ibd_coinscache =
             chainman.ActiveChainstate().CoinsTip();
         initial_size = ibd_coinscache.GetCacheSize();
         size_t total_coins{0};
 
         for (CTransactionRef &txn : m_coinbase_txns) {
             COutPoint op{txn->GetId(), 0};
             BOOST_CHECK(ibd_coinscache.HaveCoin(op));
             total_coins++;
         }
 
         BOOST_CHECK_EQUAL(total_coins, initial_total_coins);
         BOOST_CHECK_EQUAL(initial_size, initial_total_coins);
     }
 
     // Snapshot should refuse to load at this height.
     BOOST_REQUIRE(!CreateAndActivateUTXOSnapshot(m_node, m_path_root));
     BOOST_CHECK(!chainman.ActiveChainstate().m_from_snapshot_blockhash);
     BOOST_CHECK(!chainman.SnapshotBlockhash());
 
     // Mine 10 more blocks, putting at us height 110 where a valid assumeutxo
     // value can be found.
     constexpr int snapshot_height = 110;
     mineBlocks(10);
     initial_size += 10;
     initial_total_coins += 10;
 
     // Should not load malleated snapshots
     BOOST_REQUIRE(!CreateAndActivateUTXOSnapshot(
         m_node, m_path_root,
         [](CAutoFile &auto_infile, SnapshotMetadata &metadata) {
             // A UTXO is missing but count is correct
             metadata.m_coins_count -= 1;
 
             COutPoint outpoint;
             Coin coin;
 
             auto_infile >> outpoint;
             auto_infile >> coin;
         }));
     BOOST_REQUIRE(!CreateAndActivateUTXOSnapshot(
         m_node, m_path_root,
         [](CAutoFile &auto_infile, SnapshotMetadata &metadata) {
             // Coins count is larger than coins in file
             metadata.m_coins_count += 1;
         }));
     BOOST_REQUIRE(!CreateAndActivateUTXOSnapshot(
         m_node, m_path_root,
         [](CAutoFile &auto_infile, SnapshotMetadata &metadata) {
             // Coins count is smaller than coins in file
             metadata.m_coins_count -= 1;
         }));
     BOOST_REQUIRE(!CreateAndActivateUTXOSnapshot(
         m_node, m_path_root,
         [](CAutoFile &auto_infile, SnapshotMetadata &metadata) {
             // Wrong hash
             metadata.m_base_blockhash = BlockHash{uint256::ZERO};
         }));
     BOOST_REQUIRE(!CreateAndActivateUTXOSnapshot(
         m_node, m_path_root,
         [](CAutoFile &auto_infile, SnapshotMetadata &metadata) {
             // Wrong hash
             metadata.m_base_blockhash = BlockHash{uint256::ONE};
         }));
     BOOST_REQUIRE(CreateAndActivateUTXOSnapshot(m_node, m_path_root));
 
     // Ensure our active chain is the snapshot chainstate.
     BOOST_CHECK(
         !chainman.ActiveChainstate().m_from_snapshot_blockhash->IsNull());
     BOOST_CHECK_EQUAL(*chainman.ActiveChainstate().m_from_snapshot_blockhash,
                       *chainman.SnapshotBlockhash());
 
     // Ensure that the genesis block was not marked assumed-valid.
     BOOST_CHECK(WITH_LOCK(
         ::cs_main, return !chainman.ActiveChain().Genesis()->IsAssumedValid()));
 
     const AssumeutxoData &au_data =
         *ExpectedAssumeutxo(snapshot_height, ::Params());
     const CBlockIndex *tip = chainman.ActiveTip();
 
     BOOST_CHECK_EQUAL(tip->nChainTx, au_data.nChainTx);
 
     // To be checked against later when we try loading a subsequent snapshot.
     uint256 loaded_snapshot_blockhash{*chainman.SnapshotBlockhash()};
 
     // Make some assertions about the both chainstates. These checks ensure the
     // legacy chainstate hasn't changed and that the newly created chainstate
     // reflects the expected content.
     {
         LOCK(::cs_main);
         int chains_tested{0};
 
         for (CChainState *chainstate : chainman.GetAll()) {
             BOOST_TEST_MESSAGE("Checking coins in " << chainstate->ToString());
             CCoinsViewCache &coinscache = chainstate->CoinsTip();
 
             // Both caches will be empty initially.
             BOOST_CHECK_EQUAL((unsigned int)0, coinscache.GetCacheSize());
 
             size_t total_coins{0};
 
             for (CTransactionRef &txn : m_coinbase_txns) {
                 COutPoint op{txn->GetId(), 0};
                 BOOST_CHECK(coinscache.HaveCoin(op));
                 total_coins++;
             }
 
             BOOST_CHECK_EQUAL(initial_size, coinscache.GetCacheSize());
             BOOST_CHECK_EQUAL(total_coins, initial_total_coins);
             chains_tested++;
         }
 
         BOOST_CHECK_EQUAL(chains_tested, 2);
     }
 
     // Mine some new blocks on top of the activated snapshot chainstate.
     constexpr size_t new_coins{100};
     mineBlocks(new_coins); // Defined in TestChain100Setup.
 
     {
         LOCK(::cs_main);
         size_t coins_in_active{0};
         size_t coins_in_background{0};
         size_t coins_missing_from_background{0};
 
         for (CChainState *chainstate : chainman.GetAll()) {
             BOOST_TEST_MESSAGE("Checking coins in " << chainstate->ToString());
             CCoinsViewCache &coinscache = chainstate->CoinsTip();
             bool is_background = chainstate != &chainman.ActiveChainstate();
 
             for (CTransactionRef &txn : m_coinbase_txns) {
                 COutPoint op{txn->GetId(), 0};
                 if (coinscache.HaveCoin(op)) {
                     (is_background ? coins_in_background : coins_in_active)++;
                 } else if (is_background) {
                     coins_missing_from_background++;
                 }
             }
         }
 
         BOOST_CHECK_EQUAL(coins_in_active, initial_total_coins + new_coins);
         BOOST_CHECK_EQUAL(coins_in_background, initial_total_coins);
         BOOST_CHECK_EQUAL(coins_missing_from_background, new_coins);
     }
 
     // Snapshot should refuse to load after one has already loaded.
     BOOST_REQUIRE(!CreateAndActivateUTXOSnapshot(m_node, m_path_root));
 
     // Snapshot blockhash should be unchanged.
     BOOST_CHECK_EQUAL(*chainman.ActiveChainstate().m_from_snapshot_blockhash,
                       loaded_snapshot_blockhash);
 }
 
 //! Test LoadBlockIndex behavior when multiple chainstates are in use.
 //!
 //! - First, verfiy that setBlockIndexCandidates is as expected when using a
 //!   single, fully-validating chainstate.
 //!
 //! - Then mark a region of the chain BLOCK_ASSUMED_VALID and introduce a second
 //!   chainstate that will tolerate assumed-valid blocks. Run LoadBlockIndex()
 //!   and ensure that the first chainstate only contains fully validated blocks
 //!   and the other chainstate contains all blocks, even those assumed-valid.
 //!
 BOOST_FIXTURE_TEST_CASE(chainstatemanager_loadblockindex, TestChain100Setup) {
     ChainstateManager &chainman = *Assert(m_node.chainman);
     CBlockIndex *assumed_tip{WITH_LOCK(::cs_main, return chainman.ActiveTip())};
 
     auto reload_all_block_indexes = [&]() {
         for (CChainState *cs : chainman.GetAll()) {
             LOCK(::cs_main);
             cs->UnloadBlockIndex();
             BOOST_CHECK(cs->setBlockIndexCandidates.empty());
         }
 
         WITH_LOCK(::cs_main, chainman.LoadBlockIndex());
     };
 
     // Ensure that without any assumed-valid BlockIndex entries, all entries are
     // considered tip candidates.
     reload_all_block_indexes();
     CChainState &cs1 = chainman.ActiveChainstate();
     BOOST_CHECK_EQUAL(cs1.setBlockIndexCandidates.size(),
                       cs1.m_chain.Height() + 1);
 
     // Mark some region of the chain assumed-valid.
     int num_indexes{0};
     int num_assumed_valid{0};
     const int expected_assumed_valid{20};
     const int last_assumed_valid_idx{40};
     const int assumed_valid_start_idx =
         last_assumed_valid_idx - expected_assumed_valid;
 
     CBlockIndex *validated_tip{nullptr};
     for (int i = 0; i <= cs1.m_chain.Height(); ++i) {
         LOCK(::cs_main);
         auto index = cs1.m_chain[i];
 
         if (i < last_assumed_valid_idx && i >= assumed_valid_start_idx) {
             index->nStatus = BlockStatus()
                                  .withValidity(BlockValidity::TREE)
                                  .withAssumedValid();
         }
 
         ++num_indexes;
         if (index->IsAssumedValid()) {
             ++num_assumed_valid;
         }
 
         // Note the last fully-validated block as the expected validated tip.
         if (i == (assumed_valid_start_idx - 1)) {
             validated_tip = index;
             BOOST_CHECK(!index->IsAssumedValid());
         }
     }
 
     BOOST_CHECK_EQUAL(expected_assumed_valid, num_assumed_valid);
 
     CChainState &cs2 =
         *WITH_LOCK(::cs_main, return &chainman.InitializeChainstate(
                                   &*m_node.mempool, BlockHash{GetRandHash()}));
 
     reload_all_block_indexes();
 
     // The fully validated chain only has candidates up to the start of the
     // assumed-valid blocks.
     BOOST_CHECK_EQUAL(cs1.setBlockIndexCandidates.count(validated_tip), 1);
     BOOST_CHECK_EQUAL(cs1.setBlockIndexCandidates.count(assumed_tip), 0);
     BOOST_CHECK_EQUAL(cs1.setBlockIndexCandidates.size(),
                       assumed_valid_start_idx);
 
     // The assumed-valid tolerant chain has all blocks as candidates.
     BOOST_CHECK_EQUAL(cs2.setBlockIndexCandidates.count(validated_tip), 1);
     BOOST_CHECK_EQUAL(cs2.setBlockIndexCandidates.count(assumed_tip), 1);
     BOOST_CHECK_EQUAL(cs2.setBlockIndexCandidates.size(), num_indexes);
 }
 
 BOOST_AUTO_TEST_SUITE_END()
diff --git a/src/validation.h b/src/validation.h
index dbbd56bbd..8b848a53e 100644
--- a/src/validation.h
+++ b/src/validation.h
@@ -1,1300 +1,1302 @@
 // Copyright (c) 2009-2010 Satoshi Nakamoto
 // Copyright (c) 2009-2019 The Bitcoin Core developers
 // Copyright (c) 2017-2020 The Bitcoin developers
 // Distributed under the MIT software license, see the accompanying
 // file COPYING or http://www.opensource.org/licenses/mit-license.php.
 
 #ifndef BITCOIN_VALIDATION_H
 #define BITCOIN_VALIDATION_H
 
 #if defined(HAVE_CONFIG_H)
 #include <config/bitcoin-config.h>
 #endif
 
 #include <arith_uint256.h>
 #include <attributes.h>
 #include <blockfileinfo.h>
 #include <blockindexcomparators.h>
 #include <chain.h>
 #include <consensus/amount.h>
 #include <consensus/consensus.h>
 #include <disconnectresult.h>
 #include <flatfile.h>
 #include <fs.h>
 #include <node/blockstorage.h>
 #include <policy/packages.h>
 #include <script/script_error.h>
 #include <script/script_metrics.h>
 #include <sync.h>
 #include <txdb.h>
 #include <txmempool.h> // For CTxMemPool::cs
 #include <uint256.h>
 #include <util/check.h>
 #include <util/translation.h>
 
 #include <atomic>
 #include <cstdint>
 #include <map>
 #include <memory>
 #include <optional>
 #include <set>
 #include <string>
 #include <thread>
 #include <utility>
 #include <vector>
 
 class CChainParams;
 class CChainState;
 class ChainstateManager;
 class Config;
 class CScriptCheck;
 class CTxMemPool;
 class CTxUndo;
 class DisconnectedBlockTransactions;
 
 struct ChainTxData;
 struct FlatFilePos;
 struct PrecomputedTransactionData;
 struct LockPoints;
 struct AssumeutxoData;
 namespace node {
 class SnapshotMetadata;
 } // namespace node
 
 namespace Consensus {
 struct Params;
 }
 
 #define MIN_TRANSACTION_SIZE                                                   \
     (::GetSerializeSize(CTransaction(), PROTOCOL_VERSION))
 
 /** Default for -minrelaytxfee, minimum relay fee for transactions */
 static const Amount DEFAULT_MIN_RELAY_TX_FEE_PER_KB(1000 * SATOSHI);
 /** Default for -excessutxocharge for transactions transactions */
 static const Amount DEFAULT_UTXO_FEE = Amount::zero();
 /**
  * Default for -mempoolexpiry, expiration time for mempool transactions in
  * hours.
  */
 static const unsigned int DEFAULT_MEMPOOL_EXPIRY = 336;
 /** Maximum number of dedicated script-checking threads allowed */
 static const int MAX_SCRIPTCHECK_THREADS = 15;
 /** -par default (number of script-checking threads, 0 = auto) */
 static const int DEFAULT_SCRIPTCHECK_THREADS = 0;
 static const int64_t DEFAULT_MAX_TIP_AGE = 24 * 60 * 60;
 static const bool DEFAULT_CHECKPOINTS_ENABLED = true;
 static const bool DEFAULT_TXINDEX = false;
 static constexpr bool DEFAULT_COINSTATSINDEX{false};
 static const char *const DEFAULT_BLOCKFILTERINDEX = "0";
 
 /** Default for -persistmempool */
 static const bool DEFAULT_PERSIST_MEMPOOL = true;
 
 static const bool DEFAULT_PEERBLOOMFILTERS = true;
 
 /** Default for -stopatheight */
 static const int DEFAULT_STOPATHEIGHT = 0;
 /**
  * Block files containing a block-height within MIN_BLOCKS_TO_KEEP of
  * ActiveChain().Tip() will not be pruned.
  */
 static const unsigned int MIN_BLOCKS_TO_KEEP = 288;
 static const signed int DEFAULT_CHECKBLOCKS = 6;
 static const unsigned int DEFAULT_CHECKLEVEL = 3;
 /**
  * Require that user allocate at least 550 MiB for block & undo files
  * (blk???.dat and rev???.dat)
  * At 1MB per block, 288 blocks = 288MB.
  * Add 15% for Undo data = 331MB
  * Add 20% for Orphan block rate = 397MB
  * We want the low water mark after pruning to be at least 397 MB and since we
  * prune in full block file chunks, we need the high water mark which triggers
  * the prune to be one 128MB block file + added 15% undo data = 147MB greater
  * for a total of 545MB
  * Setting the target to >= 550 MiB will make it likely we can respect the
  * target.
  */
 static const uint64_t MIN_DISK_SPACE_FOR_BLOCK_FILES = 550 * 1024 * 1024;
 
 /** Current sync state passed to tip changed callbacks. */
 enum class SynchronizationState { INIT_REINDEX, INIT_DOWNLOAD, POST_INIT };
 
 extern RecursiveMutex cs_main;
 extern Mutex g_best_block_mutex;
 extern std::condition_variable g_best_block_cv;
 /** Used to notify getblocktemplate RPC of new tips. */
 extern uint256 g_best_block;
 extern bool fRequireStandard;
 extern bool fCheckBlockIndex;
 extern bool fCheckpointsEnabled;
 
 /**
  * A fee rate smaller than this is considered zero fee (for relaying, mining and
  * transaction creation)
  */
 extern CFeeRate minRelayTxFee;
 /**
  * If the tip is older than this (in seconds), the node is considered to be in
  * initial block download.
  */
 extern int64_t nMaxTipAge;
 
 /**
  * Block hash whose ancestors we will assume to have valid scripts without
  * checking them.
  */
 extern BlockHash hashAssumeValid;
 
 /**
  * Minimum work we will assume exists on some valid chain.
  */
 extern arith_uint256 nMinimumChainWork;
 
 /** Documentation for argument 'checklevel'. */
 extern const std::vector<std::string> CHECKLEVEL_DOC;
 
 class BlockValidationOptions {
 private:
     uint64_t excessiveBlockSize;
     bool checkPoW : 1;
     bool checkMerkleRoot : 1;
 
 public:
     // Do full validation by default
     explicit BlockValidationOptions(const Config &config);
     explicit BlockValidationOptions(uint64_t _excessiveBlockSize,
                                     bool _checkPow = true,
                                     bool _checkMerkleRoot = true)
         : excessiveBlockSize(_excessiveBlockSize), checkPoW(_checkPow),
           checkMerkleRoot(_checkMerkleRoot) {}
 
     BlockValidationOptions withCheckPoW(bool _checkPoW = true) const {
         BlockValidationOptions ret = *this;
         ret.checkPoW = _checkPoW;
         return ret;
     }
 
     BlockValidationOptions
     withCheckMerkleRoot(bool _checkMerkleRoot = true) const {
         BlockValidationOptions ret = *this;
         ret.checkMerkleRoot = _checkMerkleRoot;
         return ret;
     }
 
     bool shouldValidatePoW() const { return checkPoW; }
     bool shouldValidateMerkleRoot() const { return checkMerkleRoot; }
     uint64_t getExcessiveBlockSize() const { return excessiveBlockSize; }
 };
 
 /**
  * Unload database information.
  */
 void UnloadBlockIndex(CTxMemPool *mempool, ChainstateManager &chainman)
     EXCLUSIVE_LOCKS_REQUIRED(::cs_main);
 
 /**
  * Run instances of script checking worker threads
  */
 void StartScriptCheckWorkerThreads(int threads_num);
 
 /**
  * Stop all of the script checking worker threads
  */
 void StopScriptCheckWorkerThreads();
 
 Amount GetBlockSubsidy(int nHeight, const Consensus::Params &consensusParams);
 
 bool AbortNode(BlockValidationState &state, const std::string &strMessage,
                const bilingual_str &userMessage = bilingual_str{});
 
 /**
  * Guess verification progress (as a fraction between 0.0=genesis and
  * 1.0=current tip).
  */
 double GuessVerificationProgress(const ChainTxData &data,
                                  const CBlockIndex *pindex);
 
 /** Prune block files up to a given height */
 void PruneBlockFilesManual(CChainState &active_chainstate,
                            int nManualPruneHeight);
 
 /**
  * Validation result for a single transaction mempool acceptance.
  */
 struct MempoolAcceptResult {
     /** Used to indicate the results of mempool validation. */
     enum class ResultType {
         //! Fully validated, valid.
         VALID,
         //! Invalid.
         INVALID,
         //! Valid, transaction was already in the mempool.
         MEMPOOL_ENTRY,
     };
     const ResultType m_result_type;
     const TxValidationState m_state;
 
     // The following fields are only present when m_result_type =
     // ResultType::VALID or MEMPOOL_ENTRY
     /**
      * Virtual size as used by the mempool, calculated using serialized size
      * and sigchecks.
      */
     const std::optional<int64_t> m_vsize;
     /** Raw base fees in satoshis. */
     const std::optional<Amount> m_base_fees;
     static MempoolAcceptResult Failure(TxValidationState state) {
         return MempoolAcceptResult(state);
     }
 
     /** Constructor for success case */
     static MempoolAcceptResult Success(int64_t vsize, Amount fees) {
         return MempoolAcceptResult(ResultType::VALID, vsize, fees);
     }
 
     /**
      * Constructor for already-in-mempool case. It wouldn't replace any
      * transactions.
      */
     static MempoolAcceptResult MempoolTx(int64_t vsize, Amount fees) {
         return MempoolAcceptResult(ResultType::MEMPOOL_ENTRY, vsize, fees);
     }
 
     // Private constructors. Use static methods MempoolAcceptResult::Success,
     // etc. to construct.
 private:
     /** Constructor for failure case */
     explicit MempoolAcceptResult(TxValidationState state)
         : m_result_type(ResultType::INVALID), m_state(state),
           m_base_fees(std::nullopt) {
         // Can be invalid or error
         Assume(!state.IsValid());
     }
 
     /** Generic constructor for success cases */
     explicit MempoolAcceptResult(ResultType result_type, int64_t vsize,
                                  Amount fees)
         : m_result_type(result_type), m_vsize{vsize}, m_base_fees(fees) {}
 };
 
 /**
  * Validation result for package mempool acceptance.
  */
 struct PackageMempoolAcceptResult {
     const PackageValidationState m_state;
     /**
      * Map from txid to finished MempoolAcceptResults. The client is
      * responsible for keeping track of the transaction objects themselves.
      * If a result is not present, it means validation was unfinished for that
      * transaction. If there was a package-wide error (see result in m_state),
      * m_tx_results will be empty.
      */
     std::map<const TxId, const MempoolAcceptResult> m_tx_results;
 
     explicit PackageMempoolAcceptResult(
         PackageValidationState state,
         std::map<const TxId, const MempoolAcceptResult> &&results)
         : m_state{state}, m_tx_results(std::move(results)) {}
 
     /**
      * Constructor to create a PackageMempoolAcceptResult from a
      * MempoolAcceptResult
      */
     explicit PackageMempoolAcceptResult(const TxId &txid,
                                         const MempoolAcceptResult &result)
         : m_tx_results{{txid, result}} {}
 };
 
 /**
  * Try to add a transaction to the mempool. This is an internal function and is
  * exposed only for testing. Client code should use
  * ChainstateManager::ProcessTransaction()
  *
  * @param[in]  config             The global configuration.
  * @param[in]  active_chainstate  Reference to the active chainstate.
  * @param[in]  tx                 The transaction to submit for mempool
  *                                acceptance.
  * @param[in]  accept_time        The timestamp for adding the transaction to
  *                                the mempool.
  *                                It is also used to determine when the entry
  *                                expires.
  * @param[in]  bypass_limits      When true, don't enforce mempool fee and
  *                                capacity limits.
  * @param[in]  test_accept        When true, run validation checks but don't
  *                                submit to mempool.
  *
  * @returns a MempoolAcceptResult indicating whether the transaction was
  *     accepted/rejected with reason.
  */
 MempoolAcceptResult
 AcceptToMemoryPool(const Config &config, CChainState &active_chainstate,
                    const CTransactionRef &tx, int64_t accept_time,
                    bool bypass_limits, bool test_accept = false)
     EXCLUSIVE_LOCKS_REQUIRED(cs_main);
 
 /**
  * Validate (and maybe submit) a package to the mempool.
  * See doc/policy/packages.md for full detailson package validation rules.
  *
  * @param[in]    test_accept     When true, run validation checks but don't
  *                               submit to mempool.
  * @returns a PackageMempoolAcceptResult which includes a MempoolAcceptResult
  *     for each transaction. If a transaction fails, validation will exit early
  *     and some results may be missing. It is also possible for the package to
  *     be partially submitted.
  */
 PackageMempoolAcceptResult
 ProcessNewPackage(const Config &config, CChainState &active_chainstate,
                   CTxMemPool &pool, const Package &txns, bool test_accept)
     EXCLUSIVE_LOCKS_REQUIRED(cs_main);
 
 /**
  * Simple class for regulating resource usage during CheckInputScripts (and
  * CScriptCheck), atomic so as to be compatible with parallel validation.
  */
 class CheckInputsLimiter {
 protected:
     std::atomic<int64_t> remaining;
 
 public:
     explicit CheckInputsLimiter(int64_t limit) : remaining(limit) {}
 
     bool consume_and_check(int consumed) {
         auto newvalue = (remaining -= consumed);
         return newvalue >= 0;
     }
 
     bool check() { return remaining >= 0; }
 };
 
 class TxSigCheckLimiter : public CheckInputsLimiter {
 public:
     TxSigCheckLimiter() : CheckInputsLimiter(MAX_TX_SIGCHECKS) {}
 
     // Let's make this bad boy copiable.
     TxSigCheckLimiter(const TxSigCheckLimiter &rhs)
         : CheckInputsLimiter(rhs.remaining.load()) {}
 
     TxSigCheckLimiter &operator=(const TxSigCheckLimiter &rhs) {
         remaining = rhs.remaining.load();
         return *this;
     }
 
     static TxSigCheckLimiter getDisabled() {
         TxSigCheckLimiter txLimiter;
         // Historically, there has not been a transaction with more than 20k sig
         // checks on testnet or mainnet, so this effectively disable sigchecks.
         txLimiter.remaining = 20000;
         return txLimiter;
     }
 };
 
 class ConnectTrace;
 
 /**
  * Check whether all of this transaction's input scripts succeed.
  *
  * This involves ECDSA signature checks so can be computationally intensive.
  * This function should only be called after the cheap sanity checks in
  * CheckTxInputs passed.
  *
  * If pvChecks is not nullptr, script checks are pushed onto it instead of being
  * performed inline. Any script checks which are not necessary (eg due to script
  * execution cache hits) are, obviously, not pushed onto pvChecks/run.
  *
  * Upon success nSigChecksOut will be filled in with either:
  * - correct total for all inputs, or,
  * - 0, in the case when checks were pushed onto pvChecks (i.e., a cache miss
  * with pvChecks non-null), in which case the total can be found by executing
  * pvChecks and adding the results.
  *
  * Setting sigCacheStore/scriptCacheStore to false will remove elements from the
  * corresponding cache which are matched. This is useful for checking blocks
  * where we will likely never need the cache entry again.
  *
  * pLimitSigChecks can be passed to limit the sigchecks count either in parallel
  * or serial validation. With pvChecks null (serial validation), breaking the
  * pLimitSigChecks limit will abort evaluation early and return false. With
  * pvChecks not-null (parallel validation): the cached nSigChecks may itself
  * break the limit in which case false is returned, OR, each entry in the
  * returned pvChecks must be executed exactly once in order to probe the limit
  * accurately.
  */
 bool CheckInputScripts(const CTransaction &tx, TxValidationState &state,
                        const CCoinsViewCache &view, const uint32_t flags,
                        bool sigCacheStore, bool scriptCacheStore,
                        const PrecomputedTransactionData &txdata,
                        int &nSigChecksOut, TxSigCheckLimiter &txLimitSigChecks,
                        CheckInputsLimiter *pBlockLimitSigChecks,
                        std::vector<CScriptCheck> *pvChecks)
     EXCLUSIVE_LOCKS_REQUIRED(cs_main);
 
 /**
  * Handy shortcut to full fledged CheckInputScripts call.
  */
 static inline bool
 CheckInputScripts(const CTransaction &tx, TxValidationState &state,
                   const CCoinsViewCache &view, const uint32_t flags,
                   bool sigCacheStore, bool scriptCacheStore,
                   const PrecomputedTransactionData &txdata, int &nSigChecksOut)
     EXCLUSIVE_LOCKS_REQUIRED(cs_main) {
     TxSigCheckLimiter nSigChecksTxLimiter;
     return CheckInputScripts(tx, state, view, flags, sigCacheStore,
                              scriptCacheStore, txdata, nSigChecksOut,
                              nSigChecksTxLimiter, nullptr, nullptr);
 }
 
 /**
  * Mark all the coins corresponding to a given transaction inputs as spent.
  */
 void SpendCoins(CCoinsViewCache &view, const CTransaction &tx, CTxUndo &txundo,
                 int nHeight);
 
 /**
  * Apply the effects of this transaction on the UTXO set represented by view.
  */
 void UpdateCoins(CCoinsViewCache &view, const CTransaction &tx, CTxUndo &txundo,
                  int nHeight);
 
 /**
  * Check if transaction will be BIP68 final in the next block to be created on
  * top of tip.
  * @param[in]   tip             Chain tip to check tx sequence locks against.
  *     For example, the tip of the current active chain.
  * @param[in]   coins_view      Any CCoinsView that provides access to the
  *     relevant coins for checking sequence locks. For example, it can be a
  *     CCoinsViewCache that isn't connected to anything but contains all the
  *     relevant coins, or a CCoinsViewMemPool that is connected to the mempool
  *     and chainstate UTXO set. In the latter case, the caller is responsible
  *     for holding the appropriate locks to ensure that calls to GetCoin()
  *     return correct coins.
  * Simulates calling SequenceLocks() with data from the tip passed in.
  * Optionally stores in LockPoints the resulting height and time
  * calculated and the hash of the block needed for calculation or skips the
  * calculation and uses the LockPoints passed in for evaluation. The LockPoints
  * should not be considered valid if CheckSequenceLocksAtTip returns false.
  */
 bool CheckSequenceLocksAtTip(CBlockIndex *tip, const CCoinsView &coins_view,
                              const CTransaction &tx, LockPoints *lp = nullptr,
                              bool useExistingLockPoints = false);
 
 /**
  * Closure representing one script verification.
  * Note that this stores references to the spending transaction.
  *
  * Note that if pLimitSigChecks is passed, then failure does not imply that
  * scripts have failed.
  */
 class CScriptCheck {
 private:
     CTxOut m_tx_out;
     const CTransaction *ptxTo;
     unsigned int nIn;
     uint32_t nFlags;
     bool cacheStore;
     ScriptError error;
     ScriptExecutionMetrics metrics;
     PrecomputedTransactionData txdata;
     TxSigCheckLimiter *pTxLimitSigChecks;
     CheckInputsLimiter *pBlockLimitSigChecks;
 
 public:
     CScriptCheck()
         : ptxTo(nullptr), nIn(0), nFlags(0), cacheStore(false),
           error(ScriptError::UNKNOWN), txdata(), pTxLimitSigChecks(nullptr),
           pBlockLimitSigChecks(nullptr) {}
 
     CScriptCheck(const CTxOut &outIn, const CTransaction &txToIn,
                  unsigned int nInIn, uint32_t nFlagsIn, bool cacheIn,
                  const PrecomputedTransactionData &txdataIn,
                  TxSigCheckLimiter *pTxLimitSigChecksIn = nullptr,
                  CheckInputsLimiter *pBlockLimitSigChecksIn = nullptr)
         : m_tx_out(outIn), ptxTo(&txToIn), nIn(nInIn), nFlags(nFlagsIn),
           cacheStore(cacheIn), error(ScriptError::UNKNOWN), txdata(txdataIn),
           pTxLimitSigChecks(pTxLimitSigChecksIn),
           pBlockLimitSigChecks(pBlockLimitSigChecksIn) {}
 
     bool operator()();
 
     void swap(CScriptCheck &check) {
         std::swap(ptxTo, check.ptxTo);
         std::swap(m_tx_out, check.m_tx_out);
         std::swap(nIn, check.nIn);
         std::swap(nFlags, check.nFlags);
         std::swap(cacheStore, check.cacheStore);
         std::swap(error, check.error);
         std::swap(metrics, check.metrics);
         std::swap(txdata, check.txdata);
         std::swap(pTxLimitSigChecks, check.pTxLimitSigChecks);
         std::swap(pBlockLimitSigChecks, check.pBlockLimitSigChecks);
     }
 
     ScriptError GetScriptError() const { return error; }
 
     ScriptExecutionMetrics GetScriptExecutionMetrics() const { return metrics; }
 };
 
 /** Functions for validating blocks and updating the block tree */
 
 /**
  * Context-independent validity checks.
  *
  * Returns true if the provided block is valid (has valid header,
  * transactions are valid, block is a valid size, etc.)
  */
 bool CheckBlock(const CBlock &block, BlockValidationState &state,
                 const Consensus::Params &params,
                 BlockValidationOptions validationOptions);
 
 /**
  * This is a variant of ContextualCheckTransaction which computes the contextual
  * check for a transaction based on the chain tip.
  *
  * See consensus/consensus.h for flag definitions.
  */
 bool ContextualCheckTransactionForCurrentBlock(
     const CBlockIndex *active_chain_tip, const Consensus::Params &params,
     const CTransaction &tx, TxValidationState &state)
     EXCLUSIVE_LOCKS_REQUIRED(::cs_main);
 
 /**
  * Check a block is completely valid from start to finish (only works on top of
  * our current best block)
  */
 bool TestBlockValidity(BlockValidationState &state, const CChainParams &params,
                        CChainState &chainstate, const CBlock &block,
                        CBlockIndex *pindexPrev,
                        BlockValidationOptions validationOptions)
     EXCLUSIVE_LOCKS_REQUIRED(cs_main);
 
 /**
  * RAII wrapper for VerifyDB: Verify consistency of the block and coin
  * databases.
  */
 class CVerifyDB {
 public:
     CVerifyDB();
 
     ~CVerifyDB();
 
     bool VerifyDB(CChainState &chainstate, const Config &config,
                   CCoinsView &coinsview, int nCheckLevel, int nCheckDepth)
         EXCLUSIVE_LOCKS_REQUIRED(cs_main);
 };
 
 /** @see CChainState::FlushStateToDisk */
 enum class FlushStateMode { NONE, IF_NEEDED, PERIODIC, ALWAYS };
 
 /**
  * A convenience class for constructing the CCoinsView* hierarchy used
  * to facilitate access to the UTXO set.
  *
  * This class consists of an arrangement of layered CCoinsView objects,
  * preferring to store and retrieve coins in memory via `m_cacheview` but
  * ultimately falling back on cache misses to the canonical store of UTXOs on
  * disk, `m_dbview`.
  */
 class CoinsViews {
 public:
     //! The lowest level of the CoinsViews cache hierarchy sits in a leveldb
     //! database on disk. All unspent coins reside in this store.
     CCoinsViewDB m_dbview GUARDED_BY(cs_main);
 
     //! This view wraps access to the leveldb instance and handles read errors
     //! gracefully.
     CCoinsViewErrorCatcher m_catcherview GUARDED_BY(cs_main);
 
     //! This is the top layer of the cache hierarchy - it keeps as many coins in
     //! memory as can fit per the dbcache setting.
     std::unique_ptr<CCoinsViewCache> m_cacheview GUARDED_BY(cs_main);
 
     //! This constructor initializes CCoinsViewDB and CCoinsViewErrorCatcher
     //! instances, but it *does not* create a CCoinsViewCache instance by
     //! default. This is done separately because the presence of the cache has
     //! implications on whether or not we're allowed to flush the cache's state
     //! to disk, which should not be done until the health of the database is
     //! verified.
     //!
     //! All arguments forwarded onto CCoinsViewDB.
     CoinsViews(std::string ldb_name, size_t cache_size_bytes, bool in_memory,
                bool should_wipe);
 
     //! Initialize the CCoinsViewCache member.
     void InitCache() EXCLUSIVE_LOCKS_REQUIRED(::cs_main);
 };
 
 enum class CoinsCacheSizeState {
     //! The coins cache is in immediate need of a flush.
     CRITICAL = 2,
     //! The cache is at >= 90% capacity.
     LARGE = 1,
     OK = 0
 };
 
 /**
  * CChainState stores and provides an API to update our local knowledge of the
  * current best chain.
  *
  * Eventually, the API here is targeted at being exposed externally as a
  * consumable libconsensus library, so any functions added must only call
  * other class member functions, pure functions in other parts of the consensus
  * library, callbacks via the validation interface, or read/write-to-disk
  * functions (eventually this will also be via callbacks).
  *
  * Anything that is contingent on the current tip of the chain is stored here,
  * whereas block information and metadata independent of the current tip is
  * kept in `BlockManager`.
  */
 class CChainState {
 private:
     /**
      * The ChainState Mutex.
      * A lock that must be held when modifying this ChainState.
      */
     Mutex m_chainstate_mutex;
 
     /**
      * Every received block is assigned a unique and increasing identifier, so
      * we know which one to give priority in case of a fork.
      * Blocks loaded from disk are assigned id 0, so start the counter at 1.
      */
     std::atomic<int32_t> nBlockSequenceId{1};
     /** Decreasing counter (used by subsequent preciousblock calls). */
     int32_t nBlockReverseSequenceId = -1;
     /** chainwork for the last block that preciousblock has been applied to. */
     arith_uint256 nLastPreciousChainwork = 0;
 
     /**
      * Whether this chainstate is undergoing initial block download.
      *
      * Mutable because we need to be able to mark IsInitialBlockDownload()
      * const, which latches this for caching purposes.
      */
     mutable std::atomic<bool> m_cached_finished_ibd{false};
 
     //! Optional mempool that is kept in sync with the chain.
     //! Only the active chainstate has a mempool.
     CTxMemPool *m_mempool;
 
     //! Manages the UTXO set, which is a reflection of the contents of
     //! `m_chain`.
     std::unique_ptr<CoinsViews> m_coins_views;
 
     mutable Mutex cs_avalancheFinalizedBlockIndex;
 
     /**
      * The best block via avalanche voting.
      * This block cannot be reorged in any way except by explicit user action.
      */
     const CBlockIndex *m_avalancheFinalizedBlockIndex
         GUARDED_BY(cs_avalancheFinalizedBlockIndex) = nullptr;
 
 public:
     //! Reference to a BlockManager instance which itself is shared across all
     //! CChainState instances.
     node::BlockManager &m_blockman;
 
     /** Chain parameters for this chainstate */
     const CChainParams &m_params;
 
     //! The chainstate manager that owns this chainstate. The reference is
     //! necessary so that this instance can check whether it is the active
     //! chainstate within deeply nested method calls.
     ChainstateManager &m_chainman;
 
     explicit CChainState(
         CTxMemPool *mempool, node::BlockManager &blockman,
         ChainstateManager &chainman,
         std::optional<BlockHash> from_snapshot_blockhash = std::nullopt);
 
     /**
      * Initialize the CoinsViews UTXO set database management data structures.
      * The in-memory cache is initialized separately.
      *
      * All parameters forwarded to CoinsViews.
      */
     void InitCoinsDB(size_t cache_size_bytes, bool in_memory, bool should_wipe,
                      std::string leveldb_name = "chainstate");
 
     //! Initialize the in-memory coins cache (to be done after the health of the
     //! on-disk database is verified).
     void InitCoinsCache(size_t cache_size_bytes)
         EXCLUSIVE_LOCKS_REQUIRED(::cs_main);
 
     //! @returns whether or not the CoinsViews object has been fully initialized
     //! and we can
     //!          safely flush this object to disk.
     bool CanFlushToDisk() const EXCLUSIVE_LOCKS_REQUIRED(::cs_main) {
         AssertLockHeld(::cs_main);
         return m_coins_views && m_coins_views->m_cacheview;
     }
 
     //! The current chain of blockheaders we consult and build on.
     //! @see CChain, CBlockIndex.
     CChain m_chain;
 
     /**
      * The blockhash which is the base of the snapshot this chainstate was
      * created from.
      *
      * std::nullopt if this chainstate was not created from a snapshot.
      */
     const std::optional<BlockHash> m_from_snapshot_blockhash{};
 
     //! Return true if this chainstate relies on blocks that are assumed-valid.
     //! In practice this means it was created based on a UTXO snapshot.
     bool reliesOnAssumedValid() {
         return m_from_snapshot_blockhash.has_value();
     }
 
     /**
      * The set of all CBlockIndex entries with either BLOCK_VALID_TRANSACTIONS
      * (for itself and all ancestors) *or* BLOCK_ASSUMED_VALID (if using
      * background chainstates) and as good as our current tip or better.
      * Entries may be failed, though, and pruning nodes may be missing the data
      * for the block.
      */
     std::set<CBlockIndex *, CBlockIndexWorkComparator> setBlockIndexCandidates;
 
     //! @returns A reference to the in-memory cache of the UTXO set.
     CCoinsViewCache &CoinsTip() EXCLUSIVE_LOCKS_REQUIRED(::cs_main) {
         AssertLockHeld(::cs_main);
         assert(m_coins_views->m_cacheview);
         return *m_coins_views->m_cacheview.get();
     }
 
     //! @returns A reference to the on-disk UTXO set database.
     CCoinsViewDB &CoinsDB() EXCLUSIVE_LOCKS_REQUIRED(::cs_main) {
         AssertLockHeld(::cs_main);
         return m_coins_views->m_dbview;
     }
 
     //! @returns A pointer to the mempool.
     CTxMemPool *GetMempool() { return m_mempool; }
 
     //! @returns A reference to a wrapped view of the in-memory UTXO set that
     //!     handles disk read errors gracefully.
     CCoinsViewErrorCatcher &CoinsErrorCatcher()
         EXCLUSIVE_LOCKS_REQUIRED(cs_main) {
         AssertLockHeld(::cs_main);
         return m_coins_views->m_catcherview;
     }
 
     //! Destructs all objects related to accessing the UTXO set.
     void ResetCoinsViews() { m_coins_views.reset(); }
 
     //! The cache size of the on-disk coins view.
     size_t m_coinsdb_cache_size_bytes{0};
 
     //! The cache size of the in-memory coins view.
     size_t m_coinstip_cache_size_bytes{0};
 
     //! Resize the CoinsViews caches dynamically and flush state to disk.
     //! @returns true unless an error occurred during the flush.
     bool ResizeCoinsCaches(size_t coinstip_size, size_t coinsdb_size)
         EXCLUSIVE_LOCKS_REQUIRED(::cs_main);
 
     /** Import blocks from an external file */
     void LoadExternalBlockFile(const Config &config, FILE *fileIn,
                                FlatFilePos *dbp = nullptr)
         EXCLUSIVE_LOCKS_REQUIRED(!m_chainstate_mutex);
 
     /**
      * Update the on-disk chain state.
      * The caches and indexes are flushed depending on the mode we're called
      * with if they're too large, if it's been a while since the last write, or
      * always and in all cases if we're in prune mode and are deleting files.
      *
      * If FlushStateMode::NONE is used, then FlushStateToDisk(...) won't do
      * anything besides checking if we need to prune.
      *
      * @returns true unless a system error occurred
      */
     bool FlushStateToDisk(BlockValidationState &state, FlushStateMode mode,
                           int nManualPruneHeight = 0);
 
     //! Unconditionally flush all changes to disk.
     void ForceFlushStateToDisk();
 
     //! Prune blockfiles from the disk if necessary and then flush chainstate
     //! changes if we pruned.
     void PruneAndFlush();
 
     /**
      * Find the best known block, and make it the tip of the block chain. The
      * result is either failure or an activated best chain. pblock is either
      * nullptr or a pointer to a block that is already loaded (to avoid loading
      * it again from disk).
      *
      * ActivateBestChain is split into steps (see ActivateBestChainStep) so that
      * we avoid holding cs_main for an extended period of time; the length of
      * this call may be quite long during reindexing or a substantial reorg.
      *
      * May not be called with cs_main held. May not be called in a
      * validationinterface callback.
      *
      * @returns true unless a system error occurred
      */
     bool ActivateBestChain(const Config &config, BlockValidationState &state,
                            std::shared_ptr<const CBlock> pblock = nullptr)
         EXCLUSIVE_LOCKS_REQUIRED(!m_chainstate_mutex) LOCKS_EXCLUDED(cs_main);
 
     bool AcceptBlock(const Config &config,
                      const std::shared_ptr<const CBlock> &pblock,
                      BlockValidationState &state, bool fRequested,
                      const FlatFilePos *dbp, bool *fNewBlock)
         EXCLUSIVE_LOCKS_REQUIRED(cs_main);
 
     // Block (dis)connection on a given view:
     DisconnectResult DisconnectBlock(const CBlock &block,
                                      const CBlockIndex *pindex,
                                      CCoinsViewCache &view)
         EXCLUSIVE_LOCKS_REQUIRED(::cs_main);
     bool ConnectBlock(const CBlock &block, BlockValidationState &state,
                       CBlockIndex *pindex, CCoinsViewCache &view,
                       BlockValidationOptions options, bool fJustCheck = false)
         EXCLUSIVE_LOCKS_REQUIRED(cs_main);
 
     // Apply the effects of a block disconnection on the UTXO set.
     bool DisconnectTip(BlockValidationState &state,
                        DisconnectedBlockTransactions *disconnectpool)
         EXCLUSIVE_LOCKS_REQUIRED(cs_main, m_mempool->cs);
 
     // Manual block validity manipulation:
     /**
      * Mark a block as precious and reorganize.
      *
      * May not be called in a validationinterface callback.
      */
     bool PreciousBlock(const Config &config, BlockValidationState &state,
                        CBlockIndex *pindex)
         EXCLUSIVE_LOCKS_REQUIRED(!m_chainstate_mutex) LOCKS_EXCLUDED(cs_main);
     /** Mark a block as invalid. */
     bool InvalidateBlock(const Config &config, BlockValidationState &state,
                          CBlockIndex *pindex) LOCKS_EXCLUDED(cs_main)
         EXCLUSIVE_LOCKS_REQUIRED(!m_chainstate_mutex);
     /** Park a block. */
     bool ParkBlock(const Config &config, BlockValidationState &state,
                    CBlockIndex *pindex) LOCKS_EXCLUDED(cs_main)
         EXCLUSIVE_LOCKS_REQUIRED(!m_chainstate_mutex);
 
     /**
      * Mark a block as finalized by avalanche.
      */
     bool AvalancheFinalizeBlock(CBlockIndex *pindex);
 
     /**
      * Clear avalanche finalization.
      */
     void ClearAvalancheFinalizedBlock();
 
     /**
      * Checks if a block is finalized by avalanche voting.
      */
     bool IsBlockAvalancheFinalized(const CBlockIndex *pindex) const;
 
     /** Remove invalidity status from a block and its descendants. */
     void ResetBlockFailureFlags(CBlockIndex *pindex)
         EXCLUSIVE_LOCKS_REQUIRED(cs_main);
     template <typename F>
     bool UpdateFlagsForBlock(CBlockIndex *pindexBase, CBlockIndex *pindex, F f)
         EXCLUSIVE_LOCKS_REQUIRED(cs_main);
     template <typename F, typename C, typename AC>
     void UpdateFlags(CBlockIndex *pindex, CBlockIndex *&pindexReset, F f,
                      C fChild, AC fAncestorWasChanged)
         EXCLUSIVE_LOCKS_REQUIRED(cs_main);
 
     /** Remove parked status from a block and its descendants. */
     void UnparkBlockAndChildren(CBlockIndex *pindex)
         EXCLUSIVE_LOCKS_REQUIRED(cs_main);
 
     /** Remove parked status from a block. */
     void UnparkBlock(CBlockIndex *pindex) EXCLUSIVE_LOCKS_REQUIRED(cs_main);
 
     /** Replay blocks that aren't fully applied to the database. */
     bool ReplayBlocks();
 
     /**
      * Ensures we have a genesis block in the block tree, possibly writing one
      * to disk.
      */
     bool LoadGenesisBlock();
 
     void PruneBlockIndexCandidates();
 
     void UnloadBlockIndex() EXCLUSIVE_LOCKS_REQUIRED(cs_main);
 
     /**
      * Check whether we are doing an initial block download (synchronizing from
      * disk or network)
      */
     bool IsInitialBlockDownload() const;
 
     /** Find the last common block of this chain and a locator. */
     const CBlockIndex *FindForkInGlobalIndex(const CBlockLocator &locator) const
         EXCLUSIVE_LOCKS_REQUIRED(cs_main);
 
     /**
      * Make various assertions about the state of the block index.
      *
      * By default this only executes fully when using the Regtest chain; see:
      * fCheckBlockIndex.
      */
     void CheckBlockIndex();
 
     /** Load the persisted mempool from disk */
     void LoadMempool(const Config &config, const ArgsManager &args);
 
     /** Update the chain tip based on database information, i.e. CoinsTip()'s
      * best block. */
     bool LoadChainTip() EXCLUSIVE_LOCKS_REQUIRED(cs_main);
 
     //! Dictates whether we need to flush the cache to disk or not.
     //!
     //! @return the state of the size of the coins cache.
     CoinsCacheSizeState GetCoinsCacheSizeState()
         EXCLUSIVE_LOCKS_REQUIRED(::cs_main);
 
     CoinsCacheSizeState
     GetCoinsCacheSizeState(size_t max_coins_cache_size_bytes,
                            size_t max_mempool_size_bytes)
         EXCLUSIVE_LOCKS_REQUIRED(::cs_main);
 
     std::string ToString() EXCLUSIVE_LOCKS_REQUIRED(::cs_main);
 
 private:
     bool ActivateBestChainStep(const Config &config,
                                BlockValidationState &state,
                                CBlockIndex *pindexMostWork,
                                const std::shared_ptr<const CBlock> &pblock,
                                bool &fInvalidFound, ConnectTrace &connectTrace)
         EXCLUSIVE_LOCKS_REQUIRED(cs_main, m_mempool->cs);
     bool ConnectTip(const Config &config, BlockValidationState &state,
                     CBlockIndex *pindexNew,
                     const std::shared_ptr<const CBlock> &pblock,
                     ConnectTrace &connectTrace,
                     DisconnectedBlockTransactions &disconnectpool)
         EXCLUSIVE_LOCKS_REQUIRED(cs_main, m_mempool->cs);
     void InvalidBlockFound(CBlockIndex *pindex,
                            const BlockValidationState &state)
         EXCLUSIVE_LOCKS_REQUIRED(cs_main);
     CBlockIndex *
     FindMostWorkChain(std::vector<const CBlockIndex *> &blocksToReconcile)
         EXCLUSIVE_LOCKS_REQUIRED(cs_main);
     void ReceivedBlockTransactions(const CBlock &block, CBlockIndex *pindexNew,
                                    const FlatFilePos &pos)
         EXCLUSIVE_LOCKS_REQUIRED(cs_main);
 
     bool RollforwardBlock(const CBlockIndex *pindex, CCoinsViewCache &inputs)
         EXCLUSIVE_LOCKS_REQUIRED(cs_main);
 
     void UnparkBlockImpl(CBlockIndex *pindex, bool fClearChildren)
         EXCLUSIVE_LOCKS_REQUIRED(cs_main);
 
     bool UnwindBlock(const Config &config, BlockValidationState &state,
                      CBlockIndex *pindex, bool invalidate)
         EXCLUSIVE_LOCKS_REQUIRED(m_chainstate_mutex);
 
     void CheckForkWarningConditions() EXCLUSIVE_LOCKS_REQUIRED(cs_main);
     void CheckForkWarningConditionsOnNewFork(CBlockIndex *pindexNewForkTip)
         EXCLUSIVE_LOCKS_REQUIRED(cs_main);
     void InvalidChainFound(CBlockIndex *pindexNew)
         EXCLUSIVE_LOCKS_REQUIRED(cs_main);
 
     const CBlockIndex *FindBlockToFinalize(CBlockIndex *pindexNew)
         EXCLUSIVE_LOCKS_REQUIRED(cs_main);
 
     //! Indirection necessary to make lock annotations work with an optional
     //! mempool.
     RecursiveMutex *MempoolMutex() const LOCK_RETURNED(m_mempool->cs) {
         return m_mempool ? &m_mempool->cs : nullptr;
     }
 
     /**
      * Check warning conditions and do some notifications on new chain tip set.
      */
     void UpdateTip(const CBlockIndex *pindexNew)
         EXCLUSIVE_LOCKS_REQUIRED(::cs_main);
 
     friend ChainstateManager;
 };
 
 /**
  * Provides an interface for creating and interacting with one or two
  * chainstates: an IBD chainstate generated by downloading blocks, and
  * an optional snapshot chainstate loaded from a UTXO snapshot. Managed
  * chainstates can be maintained at different heights simultaneously.
  *
  * This class provides abstractions that allow the retrieval of the current
  * most-work chainstate ("Active") as well as chainstates which may be in
  * background use to validate UTXO snapshots.
  *
  * Definitions:
  *
  * *IBD chainstate*: a chainstate whose current state has been "fully"
  *   validated by the initial block download process.
  *
  * *Snapshot chainstate*: a chainstate populated by loading in an
  *    assumeutxo UTXO snapshot.
  *
  * *Active chainstate*: the chainstate containing the current most-work
  *    chain. Consulted by most parts of the system (net_processing,
  *    wallet) as a reflection of the current chain and UTXO set.
  *    This may either be an IBD chainstate or a snapshot chainstate.
  *
  * *Background IBD chainstate*: an IBD chainstate for which the
  *    IBD process is happening in the background while use of the
  *    active (snapshot) chainstate allows the rest of the system to function.
  */
 class ChainstateManager {
 private:
     //! The chainstate used under normal operation (i.e. "regular" IBD) or, if
     //! a snapshot is in use, for background validation.
     //!
     //! Its contents (including on-disk data) will be deleted *upon shutdown*
     //! after background validation of the snapshot has completed. We do not
     //! free the chainstate contents immediately after it finishes validation
     //! to cautiously avoid a case where some other part of the system is still
     //! using this pointer (e.g. net_processing).
     //!
     //! Once this pointer is set to a corresponding chainstate, it will not
     //! be reset until init.cpp:Shutdown().
     //!
     //! This is especially important when, e.g., calling ActivateBestChain()
     //! on all chainstates because we are not able to hold ::cs_main going into
     //! that call.
     std::unique_ptr<CChainState> m_ibd_chainstate GUARDED_BY(::cs_main);
 
     //! A chainstate initialized on the basis of a UTXO snapshot. If this is
     //! non-null, it is always our active chainstate.
     //!
     //! Once this pointer is set to a corresponding chainstate, it will not
     //! be reset until init.cpp:Shutdown().
     //!
     //! This is especially important when, e.g., calling ActivateBestChain()
     //! on all chainstates because we are not able to hold ::cs_main going into
     //! that call.
     std::unique_ptr<CChainState> m_snapshot_chainstate GUARDED_BY(::cs_main);
 
     //! Points to either the ibd or snapshot chainstate; indicates our
     //! most-work chain.
     //!
     //! Once this pointer is set to a corresponding chainstate, it will not
     //! be reset until init.cpp:Shutdown().
     //!
     //! This is especially important when, e.g., calling ActivateBestChain()
     //! on all chainstates because we are not able to hold ::cs_main going into
     //! that call.
     CChainState *m_active_chainstate GUARDED_BY(::cs_main){nullptr};
 
     //! If true, the assumed-valid chainstate has been fully validated
     //! by the background validation chainstate.
-    bool m_snapshot_validated{false};
+    bool m_snapshot_validated GUARDED_BY(::cs_main){false};
 
-    CBlockIndex *m_best_invalid;
-    CBlockIndex *m_best_parked;
+    CBlockIndex *m_best_invalid GUARDED_BY(::cs_main){nullptr};
+    CBlockIndex *m_best_parked GUARDED_BY(::cs_main){nullptr};
 
     //! Internal helper for ActivateSnapshot().
     [[nodiscard]] bool
     PopulateAndValidateSnapshot(CChainState &snapshot_chainstate,
                                 CAutoFile &coins_file,
                                 const node::SnapshotMetadata &metadata);
     /**
      * If a block header hasn't already been seen, call CheckBlockHeader on it,
      * ensure that it doesn't descend from an invalid block, and then add it to
      * m_block_index.
      */
     bool AcceptBlockHeader(const Config &config, const CBlockHeader &block,
                            BlockValidationState &state, CBlockIndex **ppindex)
         EXCLUSIVE_LOCKS_REQUIRED(cs_main);
     friend CChainState;
 
 public:
     std::thread m_load_block;
     //! A single BlockManager instance is shared across each constructed
     //! chainstate to avoid duplicating block metadata.
     node::BlockManager m_blockman;
 
     /**
      * In order to efficiently track invalidity of headers, we keep the set of
      * blocks which we tried to connect and found to be invalid here (ie which
      * were set to BLOCK_FAILED_VALID since the last restart). We can then
      * walk this set and check if a new header is a descendant of something in
      * this set, preventing us from having to walk m_block_index when we try
      * to connect a bad block and fail.
      *
      * While this is more complicated than marking everything which descends
      * from an invalid block as invalid at the time we discover it to be
      * invalid, doing so would require walking all of m_block_index to find all
      * descendants. Since this case should be very rare, keeping track of all
      * BLOCK_FAILED_VALID blocks in a set should be just fine and work just as
      * well.
      *
      * Because we already walk m_block_index in height-order at startup, we go
      * ahead and mark descendants of invalid blocks as FAILED_CHILD at that
      * time, instead of putting things in this set.
      */
     std::set<CBlockIndex *> m_failed_blocks;
 
     /**
      * Best header we've seen so far (used for getheaders queries' starting
      * points).
      */
     CBlockIndex *m_best_header = nullptr;
 
     //! The total number of bytes available for us to use across all in-memory
     //! coins caches. This will be split somehow across chainstates.
     int64_t m_total_coinstip_cache{0};
     //
     //! The total number of bytes available for us to use across all leveldb
     //! coins databases. This will be split somehow across chainstates.
     int64_t m_total_coinsdb_cache{0};
 
     //! Instantiate a new chainstate and assign it based upon whether it is
     //! from a snapshot.
     //!
     //! @param[in] mempool              The mempool to pass to the chainstate
     //                                  constructor
     //! @param[in] snapshot_blockhash   If given, signify that this chainstate
     //!                                 is based on a snapshot.
     CChainState &
     InitializeChainstate(CTxMemPool *mempool,
                          const std::optional<BlockHash> &snapshot_blockhash =
                              std::nullopt) LIFETIMEBOUND
         EXCLUSIVE_LOCKS_REQUIRED(::cs_main);
 
     //! Get all chainstates currently being used.
     std::vector<CChainState *> GetAll();
 
     //! Construct and activate a Chainstate on the basis of UTXO snapshot data.
     //!
     //! Steps:
     //!
     //! - Initialize an unused CChainState.
     //! - Load its `CoinsViews` contents from `coins_file`.
     //! - Verify that the hash of the resulting coinsdb matches the expected
     //!   hash per assumeutxo chain parameters.
     //! - Wait for our headers chain to include the base block of the snapshot.
     //! - "Fast forward" the tip of the new chainstate to the base of the
     //!   snapshot, faking nTx* block index data along the way.
     //! - Move the new chainstate to `m_snapshot_chainstate` and make it our
     //!   ActiveChainstate().
     [[nodiscard]] bool ActivateSnapshot(CAutoFile &coins_file,
                                         const node::SnapshotMetadata &metadata,
                                         bool in_memory);
 
     //! The most-work chain.
     CChainState &ActiveChainstate() const;
     CChain &ActiveChain() const { return ActiveChainstate().m_chain; }
     int ActiveHeight() const { return ActiveChain().Height(); }
     CBlockIndex *ActiveTip() const { return ActiveChain().Tip(); }
 
     node::BlockMap &BlockIndex() EXCLUSIVE_LOCKS_REQUIRED(::cs_main) {
         AssertLockHeld(::cs_main);
         return m_blockman.m_block_index;
     }
 
     //! @returns true if a snapshot-based chainstate is in use. Also implies
     //!          that a background validation chainstate is also in use.
     bool IsSnapshotActive() const;
 
     std::optional<BlockHash> SnapshotBlockhash() const;
 
     //! Is there a snapshot in use and has it been fully validated?
-    bool IsSnapshotValidated() const { return m_snapshot_validated; }
+    bool IsSnapshotValidated() const EXCLUSIVE_LOCKS_REQUIRED(::cs_main) {
+        return m_snapshot_validated;
+    }
 
     /**
      * Process an incoming block. This only returns after the best known valid
      * block is made active. Note that it does not, however, guarantee that the
      * specific block passed to it has been checked for validity!
      *
      * If you want to *possibly* get feedback on whether block is valid, you
      * must install a CValidationInterface (see validationinterface.h) - this
      * will have its BlockChecked method called whenever *any* block completes
      * validation.
      *
      * Note that we guarantee that either the proof-of-work is valid on block,
      * or (and possibly also) BlockChecked will have been called.
      *
      * May not be called in a validationinterface callback.
      *
      * @param[in]   config  The global config.
      * @param[in]   block  The block we want to process.
      * @param[in]   force_processing Process this block even if unrequested;
      *              used for non-network block sources.
      * @param[out]  new_block A boolean which is set to indicate if the block
      * was first received via this call.
      * @returns     If the block was processed, independently of block validity
      */
     bool ProcessNewBlock(const Config &config,
                          const std::shared_ptr<const CBlock> &block,
                          bool force_processing, bool *new_block)
         LOCKS_EXCLUDED(cs_main);
 
     /**
      * Process incoming block headers.
      *
      * May not be called in a validationinterface callback.
      *
      * @param[in]  config        The config.
      * @param[in]  block         The block headers themselves.
      * @param[out] state         This may be set to an Error state if any error
      *                           occurred processing them.
      * @param[out] ppindex       If set, the pointer will be set to point to the
      *                           last new block index object for the given
      * headers.
      * @return True if block headers were accepted as valid.
      */
     bool ProcessNewBlockHeaders(const Config &config,
                                 const std::vector<CBlockHeader> &block,
                                 BlockValidationState &state,
                                 const CBlockIndex **ppindex = nullptr)
         LOCKS_EXCLUDED(cs_main);
 
     /**
      * Try to add a transaction to the memory pool.
      *
      * @param[in]  tx              The transaction to submit for mempool
      *                             acceptance.
      * @param[in]  test_accept     When true, run validation checks but don't
      *                             submit to mempool.
      */
     [[nodiscard]] MempoolAcceptResult
     ProcessTransaction(const CTransactionRef &tx, bool test_accept = false)
         EXCLUSIVE_LOCKS_REQUIRED(cs_main);
 
     //! Load the block tree and coins database from disk, initializing state if
     //! we're running with -reindex
     bool LoadBlockIndex() EXCLUSIVE_LOCKS_REQUIRED(cs_main);
 
     //! Unload block index and chain data before shutdown.
     void Unload() EXCLUSIVE_LOCKS_REQUIRED(::cs_main);
 
     //! Check to see if caches are out of balance and if so, call
     //! ResizeCoinsCaches() as needed.
     void MaybeRebalanceCaches() EXCLUSIVE_LOCKS_REQUIRED(::cs_main);
 
     ~ChainstateManager() {
         LOCK(::cs_main);
         UnloadBlockIndex(/*mempool=*/nullptr, *this);
     }
 };
 
 /** Dump the mempool to disk. */
 bool DumpMempool(const CTxMemPool &pool);
 
 /** Load the mempool from disk. */
 bool LoadMempool(const Config &config, CTxMemPool &pool,
                  CChainState &active_chainstate);
 
 /**
  * Return the expected assumeutxo value for a given height, if one exists.
  *
  * @param[in] height Get the assumeutxo value for this height.
  *
  * @returns empty if no assumeutxo configuration exists for the given height.
  */
 const AssumeutxoData *ExpectedAssumeutxo(const int height,
                                          const CChainParams &params);
 
 #endif // BITCOIN_VALIDATION_H