diff --git a/src/index/coinstatsindex.cpp b/src/index/coinstatsindex.cpp
index 30be4c6f3..7523912dc 100644
--- a/src/index/coinstatsindex.cpp
+++ b/src/index/coinstatsindex.cpp
@@ -1,529 +1,535 @@
 // Copyright (c) 2020-2021 The Bitcoin Core developers
 // Distributed under the MIT software license, see the accompanying
 // file COPYING or http://www.opensource.org/licenses/mit-license.php.
 
 #include <index/coinstatsindex.h>
 
 #include <chainparams.h>
 #include <coins.h>
 #include <consensus/amount.h>
 #include <crypto/muhash.h>
 #include <node/blockstorage.h>
 #include <primitives/blockhash.h>
 #include <serialize.h>
 #include <txdb.h>
 #include <undo.h>
 #include <util/check.h>
 #include <validation.h>
 
 using node::CCoinsStats;
 using node::GetBogoSize;
 using node::ReadBlockFromDisk;
 using node::TxOutSer;
 using node::UndoReadFromDisk;
 
 static constexpr char DB_BLOCK_HASH = 's';
 static constexpr char DB_BLOCK_HEIGHT = 't';
 static constexpr char DB_MUHASH = 'M';
 
 namespace {
 
 struct DBVal {
     uint256 muhash;
     uint64_t transaction_output_count;
     uint64_t bogo_size;
     Amount total_amount;
     Amount total_subsidy;
     Amount total_unspendable_amount;
     Amount total_prevout_spent_amount;
     Amount total_new_outputs_ex_coinbase_amount;
     Amount total_coinbase_amount;
     Amount total_unspendables_genesis_block;
     Amount total_unspendables_bip30;
     Amount total_unspendables_scripts;
     Amount total_unspendables_unclaimed_rewards;
 
     SERIALIZE_METHODS(DBVal, obj) {
         READWRITE(obj.muhash);
         READWRITE(obj.transaction_output_count);
         READWRITE(obj.bogo_size);
         READWRITE(obj.total_amount);
         READWRITE(obj.total_subsidy);
         READWRITE(obj.total_unspendable_amount);
         READWRITE(obj.total_prevout_spent_amount);
         READWRITE(obj.total_new_outputs_ex_coinbase_amount);
         READWRITE(obj.total_coinbase_amount);
         READWRITE(obj.total_unspendables_genesis_block);
         READWRITE(obj.total_unspendables_bip30);
         READWRITE(obj.total_unspendables_scripts);
         READWRITE(obj.total_unspendables_unclaimed_rewards);
     }
 };
 
 struct DBHeightKey {
     int height;
 
     explicit DBHeightKey(int height_in) : height(height_in) {}
 
     template <typename Stream> void Serialize(Stream &s) const {
         ser_writedata8(s, DB_BLOCK_HEIGHT);
         ser_writedata32be(s, height);
     }
 
     template <typename Stream> void Unserialize(Stream &s) {
         char prefix{static_cast<char>(ser_readdata8(s))};
         if (prefix != DB_BLOCK_HEIGHT) {
             throw std::ios_base::failure(
                 "Invalid format for coinstatsindex DB height key");
         }
         height = ser_readdata32be(s);
     }
 };
 
 struct DBHashKey {
     BlockHash block_hash;
 
     explicit DBHashKey(const BlockHash &hash_in) : block_hash(hash_in) {}
 
     SERIALIZE_METHODS(DBHashKey, obj) {
         char prefix{DB_BLOCK_HASH};
         READWRITE(prefix);
         if (prefix != DB_BLOCK_HASH) {
             throw std::ios_base::failure(
                 "Invalid format for coinstatsindex DB hash key");
         }
 
         READWRITE(obj.block_hash);
     }
 };
 
 }; // namespace
 
 std::unique_ptr<CoinStatsIndex> g_coin_stats_index;
 
 CoinStatsIndex::CoinStatsIndex(size_t n_cache_size, bool f_memory,
                                bool f_wipe) {
     fs::path path{gArgs.GetDataDirNet() / "indexes" / "coinstats"};
     fs::create_directories(path);
 
     m_db = std::make_unique<CoinStatsIndex::DB>(path / "db", n_cache_size,
                                                 f_memory, f_wipe);
 }
 
 bool CoinStatsIndex::WriteBlock(const CBlock &block,
                                 const CBlockIndex *pindex) {
     CBlockUndo block_undo;
     const Amount block_subsidy{
         GetBlockSubsidy(pindex->nHeight, Params().GetConsensus())};
     m_total_subsidy += block_subsidy;
 
     // Ignore genesis block
     if (pindex->nHeight > 0) {
         if (!UndoReadFromDisk(block_undo, pindex)) {
             return false;
         }
 
         std::pair<BlockHash, DBVal> read_out;
         if (!m_db->Read(DBHeightKey(pindex->nHeight - 1), read_out)) {
             return false;
         }
 
         BlockHash expected_block_hash{pindex->pprev->GetBlockHash()};
         if (read_out.first != expected_block_hash) {
+            LogPrintf("WARNING: previous block header belongs to unexpected "
+                      "block %s; expected %s\n",
+                      read_out.first.ToString(),
+                      expected_block_hash.ToString());
+
             if (!m_db->Read(DBHashKey(expected_block_hash), read_out)) {
-                return error("%s: previous block header belongs to unexpected "
-                             "block %s; expected %s",
-                             __func__, read_out.first.ToString(),
-                             expected_block_hash.ToString());
+                return error("%s: previous block header not found; expected %s",
+                             __func__, expected_block_hash.ToString());
             }
         }
 
         // TODO: Deduplicate BIP30 related code
         bool is_bip30_block{
             (pindex->nHeight == 91722 &&
              pindex->GetBlockHash() ==
                  BlockHash{uint256S("0x00000000000271a2dc26e7667f8419f2e15416dc"
                                     "6955e5a6c6cdf3f2574dd08e")}) ||
             (pindex->nHeight == 91812 &&
              pindex->GetBlockHash() ==
                  BlockHash{uint256S("0x00000000000af0aed4792b1acee3d966af36cf5d"
                                     "ef14935db8de83d6f9306f2f")})};
 
         // Add the new utxos created from the block
         for (size_t i = 0; i < block.vtx.size(); ++i) {
             const auto &tx{block.vtx.at(i)};
 
             // Skip duplicate txid coinbase transactions (BIP30).
             if (is_bip30_block && tx->IsCoinBase()) {
                 m_total_unspendable_amount += block_subsidy;
                 m_total_unspendables_bip30 += block_subsidy;
                 continue;
             }
 
             for (uint32_t j = 0; j < tx->vout.size(); ++j) {
                 const CTxOut &out{tx->vout[j]};
                 Coin coin{out, static_cast<uint32_t>(pindex->nHeight),
                           tx->IsCoinBase()};
                 COutPoint outpoint{tx->GetId(), j};
 
                 // Skip unspendable coins
                 if (coin.GetTxOut().scriptPubKey.IsUnspendable()) {
                     m_total_unspendable_amount += coin.GetTxOut().nValue;
                     m_total_unspendables_scripts += coin.GetTxOut().nValue;
                     continue;
                 }
 
                 m_muhash.Insert(MakeUCharSpan(TxOutSer(outpoint, coin)));
 
                 if (tx->IsCoinBase()) {
                     m_total_coinbase_amount += coin.GetTxOut().nValue;
                 } else {
                     m_total_new_outputs_ex_coinbase_amount +=
                         coin.GetTxOut().nValue;
                 }
 
                 ++m_transaction_output_count;
                 m_total_amount += coin.GetTxOut().nValue;
                 m_bogo_size += GetBogoSize(coin.GetTxOut().scriptPubKey);
             }
 
             // The coinbase tx has no undo data since no former output is spent
             if (!tx->IsCoinBase()) {
                 const auto &tx_undo{block_undo.vtxundo.at(i - 1)};
 
                 for (size_t j = 0; j < tx_undo.vprevout.size(); ++j) {
                     Coin coin{tx_undo.vprevout[j]};
                     COutPoint outpoint{tx->vin[j].prevout.GetTxId(),
                                        tx->vin[j].prevout.GetN()};
 
                     m_muhash.Remove(MakeUCharSpan(TxOutSer(outpoint, coin)));
 
                     m_total_prevout_spent_amount += coin.GetTxOut().nValue;
 
                     --m_transaction_output_count;
                     m_total_amount -= coin.GetTxOut().nValue;
                     m_bogo_size -= GetBogoSize(coin.GetTxOut().scriptPubKey);
                 }
             }
         }
     } else {
         // genesis block
         m_total_unspendable_amount += block_subsidy;
         m_total_unspendables_genesis_block += block_subsidy;
     }
 
     // If spent prevouts + block subsidy are still a higher amount than
     // new outputs + coinbase + current unspendable amount this means
     // the miner did not claim the full block reward. Unclaimed block
     // rewards are also unspendable.
     const Amount unclaimed_rewards{
         (m_total_prevout_spent_amount + m_total_subsidy) -
         (m_total_new_outputs_ex_coinbase_amount + m_total_coinbase_amount +
          m_total_unspendable_amount)};
     m_total_unspendable_amount += unclaimed_rewards;
     m_total_unspendables_unclaimed_rewards += unclaimed_rewards;
 
     std::pair<BlockHash, DBVal> value;
     value.first = pindex->GetBlockHash();
     value.second.transaction_output_count = m_transaction_output_count;
     value.second.bogo_size = m_bogo_size;
     value.second.total_amount = m_total_amount;
     value.second.total_subsidy = m_total_subsidy;
     value.second.total_unspendable_amount = m_total_unspendable_amount;
     value.second.total_prevout_spent_amount = m_total_prevout_spent_amount;
     value.second.total_new_outputs_ex_coinbase_amount =
         m_total_new_outputs_ex_coinbase_amount;
     value.second.total_coinbase_amount = m_total_coinbase_amount;
     value.second.total_unspendables_genesis_block =
         m_total_unspendables_genesis_block;
     value.second.total_unspendables_bip30 = m_total_unspendables_bip30;
     value.second.total_unspendables_scripts = m_total_unspendables_scripts;
     value.second.total_unspendables_unclaimed_rewards =
         m_total_unspendables_unclaimed_rewards;
 
     uint256 out;
     m_muhash.Finalize(out);
     value.second.muhash = out;
 
     CDBBatch batch(*m_db);
     batch.Write(DBHeightKey(pindex->nHeight), value);
     batch.Write(DB_MUHASH, m_muhash);
     return m_db->WriteBatch(batch);
 }
 
 static bool CopyHeightIndexToHashIndex(CDBIterator &db_it, CDBBatch &batch,
                                        const std::string &index_name,
                                        int start_height, int stop_height) {
     DBHeightKey key{start_height};
     db_it.Seek(key);
 
     for (int height = start_height; height <= stop_height; ++height) {
         if (!db_it.GetKey(key) || key.height != height) {
             return error("%s: unexpected key in %s: expected (%c, %d)",
                          __func__, index_name, DB_BLOCK_HEIGHT, height);
         }
 
         std::pair<BlockHash, DBVal> value;
         if (!db_it.GetValue(value)) {
             return error("%s: unable to read value in %s at key (%c, %d)",
                          __func__, index_name, DB_BLOCK_HEIGHT, height);
         }
 
         batch.Write(DBHashKey(value.first), std::move(value.second));
 
         db_it.Next();
     }
     return true;
 }
 
 bool CoinStatsIndex::Rewind(const CBlockIndex *current_tip,
                             const CBlockIndex *new_tip) {
     assert(current_tip->GetAncestor(new_tip->nHeight) == new_tip);
 
     CDBBatch batch(*m_db);
     std::unique_ptr<CDBIterator> db_it(m_db->NewIterator());
 
     // During a reorg, we need to copy all hash digests for blocks that are
     // getting disconnected from the height index to the hash index so we can
     // still find them when the height index entries are overwritten.
     if (!CopyHeightIndexToHashIndex(*db_it, batch, m_name, new_tip->nHeight,
                                     current_tip->nHeight)) {
         return false;
     }
 
     if (!m_db->WriteBatch(batch)) {
         return false;
     }
 
     {
         LOCK(cs_main);
         const CBlockIndex *iter_tip{m_chainstate->m_blockman.LookupBlockIndex(
             current_tip->GetBlockHash())};
         const auto &consensus_params{Params().GetConsensus()};
 
         do {
             CBlock block;
 
             if (!ReadBlockFromDisk(block, iter_tip, consensus_params)) {
                 return error("%s: Failed to read block %s from disk", __func__,
                              iter_tip->GetBlockHash().ToString());
             }
 
             ReverseBlock(block, iter_tip);
 
             iter_tip = iter_tip->GetAncestor(iter_tip->nHeight - 1);
         } while (new_tip != iter_tip);
     }
 
     return BaseIndex::Rewind(current_tip, new_tip);
 }
 
 static bool LookUpOne(const CDBWrapper &db, const CBlockIndex *block_index,
                       DBVal &result) {
     // First check if the result is stored under the height index and the value
     // there matches the block hash. This should be the case if the block is on
     // the active chain.
     std::pair<BlockHash, DBVal> read_out;
     if (!db.Read(DBHeightKey(block_index->nHeight), read_out)) {
         return false;
     }
     if (read_out.first == block_index->GetBlockHash()) {
         result = std::move(read_out.second);
         return true;
     }
 
     // If value at the height index corresponds to an different block, the
     // result will be stored in the hash index.
     return db.Read(DBHashKey(block_index->GetBlockHash()), result);
 }
 
 bool CoinStatsIndex::LookUpStats(const CBlockIndex *block_index,
                                  CCoinsStats &coins_stats) const {
     DBVal entry;
     if (!LookUpOne(*m_db, block_index, entry)) {
         return false;
     }
 
     coins_stats.hashSerialized = entry.muhash;
     coins_stats.nTransactionOutputs = entry.transaction_output_count;
     coins_stats.nBogoSize = entry.bogo_size;
     coins_stats.nTotalAmount = entry.total_amount;
     coins_stats.total_subsidy = entry.total_subsidy;
     coins_stats.total_unspendable_amount = entry.total_unspendable_amount;
     coins_stats.total_prevout_spent_amount = entry.total_prevout_spent_amount;
     coins_stats.total_new_outputs_ex_coinbase_amount =
         entry.total_new_outputs_ex_coinbase_amount;
     coins_stats.total_coinbase_amount = entry.total_coinbase_amount;
     coins_stats.total_unspendables_genesis_block =
         entry.total_unspendables_genesis_block;
     coins_stats.total_unspendables_bip30 = entry.total_unspendables_bip30;
     coins_stats.total_unspendables_scripts = entry.total_unspendables_scripts;
     coins_stats.total_unspendables_unclaimed_rewards =
         entry.total_unspendables_unclaimed_rewards;
 
     return true;
 }
 
 bool CoinStatsIndex::Init() {
     if (!m_db->Read(DB_MUHASH, m_muhash)) {
         // Check that the cause of the read failure is that the key does not
         // exist. Any other errors indicate database corruption or a disk
         // failure, and starting the index would cause further corruption.
         if (m_db->Exists(DB_MUHASH)) {
             return error(
                 "%s: Cannot read current %s state; index may be corrupted",
                 __func__, GetName());
         }
     }
 
-    if (BaseIndex::Init()) {
-        const CBlockIndex *pindex{CurrentIndex()};
+    if (!BaseIndex::Init()) {
+        return false;
+    }
 
-        if (pindex) {
-            DBVal entry;
-            if (!LookUpOne(*m_db, pindex, entry)) {
-                return error(
-                    "%s: Cannot read current %s state; index may be corrupted",
-                    __func__, GetName());
-            }
-            m_transaction_output_count = entry.transaction_output_count;
-            m_bogo_size = entry.bogo_size;
-            m_total_amount = entry.total_amount;
-            m_total_subsidy = entry.total_subsidy;
-            m_total_unspendable_amount = entry.total_unspendable_amount;
-            m_total_prevout_spent_amount = entry.total_prevout_spent_amount;
-            m_total_new_outputs_ex_coinbase_amount =
-                entry.total_new_outputs_ex_coinbase_amount;
-            m_total_coinbase_amount = entry.total_coinbase_amount;
-            m_total_unspendables_genesis_block =
-                entry.total_unspendables_genesis_block;
-            m_total_unspendables_bip30 = entry.total_unspendables_bip30;
-            m_total_unspendables_scripts = entry.total_unspendables_scripts;
-            m_total_unspendables_unclaimed_rewards =
-                entry.total_unspendables_unclaimed_rewards;
-        }
+    const CBlockIndex *pindex{CurrentIndex()};
 
-        return true;
+    if (pindex) {
+        DBVal entry;
+        if (!LookUpOne(*m_db, pindex, entry)) {
+            return error(
+                "%s: Cannot read current %s state; index may be corrupted",
+                __func__, GetName());
+        }
+        m_transaction_output_count = entry.transaction_output_count;
+        m_bogo_size = entry.bogo_size;
+        m_total_amount = entry.total_amount;
+        m_total_subsidy = entry.total_subsidy;
+        m_total_unspendable_amount = entry.total_unspendable_amount;
+        m_total_prevout_spent_amount = entry.total_prevout_spent_amount;
+        m_total_new_outputs_ex_coinbase_amount =
+            entry.total_new_outputs_ex_coinbase_amount;
+        m_total_coinbase_amount = entry.total_coinbase_amount;
+        m_total_unspendables_genesis_block =
+            entry.total_unspendables_genesis_block;
+        m_total_unspendables_bip30 = entry.total_unspendables_bip30;
+        m_total_unspendables_scripts = entry.total_unspendables_scripts;
+        m_total_unspendables_unclaimed_rewards =
+            entry.total_unspendables_unclaimed_rewards;
     }
 
-    return false;
+    return true;
 }
 
 // Reverse a single block as part of a reorg
 bool CoinStatsIndex::ReverseBlock(const CBlock &block,
                                   const CBlockIndex *pindex) {
     CBlockUndo block_undo;
     std::pair<BlockHash, DBVal> read_out;
 
     const Amount block_subsidy{
         GetBlockSubsidy(pindex->nHeight, Params().GetConsensus())};
     m_total_subsidy -= block_subsidy;
 
     // Ignore genesis block
     if (pindex->nHeight > 0) {
         if (!UndoReadFromDisk(block_undo, pindex)) {
             return false;
         }
 
         if (!m_db->Read(DBHeightKey(pindex->nHeight - 1), read_out)) {
             return false;
         }
 
         BlockHash expected_block_hash{pindex->pprev->GetBlockHash()};
         if (read_out.first != expected_block_hash) {
+            LogPrintf("WARNING: previous block header belongs to unexpected "
+                      "block %s; expected %s\n",
+                      read_out.first.ToString(),
+                      expected_block_hash.ToString());
+
             if (!m_db->Read(DBHashKey(expected_block_hash), read_out)) {
-                return error("%s: previous block header belongs to unexpected "
-                             "block %s; expected %s",
-                             __func__, read_out.first.ToString(),
-                             expected_block_hash.ToString());
+                return error("%s: previous block header not found; expected %s",
+                             __func__, expected_block_hash.ToString());
             }
         }
     }
 
     // Remove the new UTXOs that were created from the block
     for (size_t i = 0; i < block.vtx.size(); ++i) {
         const auto &tx{block.vtx.at(i)};
 
         for (uint32_t j = 0; j < tx->vout.size(); ++j) {
             const CTxOut &out{tx->vout[j]};
             COutPoint outpoint{tx->GetId(), j};
             Coin coin{out, static_cast<uint32_t>(pindex->nHeight),
                       tx->IsCoinBase()};
 
             // Skip unspendable coins
             if (coin.GetTxOut().scriptPubKey.IsUnspendable()) {
                 m_total_unspendable_amount -= coin.GetTxOut().nValue;
                 m_total_unspendables_scripts -= coin.GetTxOut().nValue;
                 continue;
             }
 
             m_muhash.Remove(MakeUCharSpan(TxOutSer(outpoint, coin)));
 
             if (tx->IsCoinBase()) {
                 m_total_coinbase_amount -= coin.GetTxOut().nValue;
             } else {
                 m_total_new_outputs_ex_coinbase_amount -=
                     coin.GetTxOut().nValue;
             }
 
             --m_transaction_output_count;
             m_total_amount -= coin.GetTxOut().nValue;
             m_bogo_size -= GetBogoSize(coin.GetTxOut().scriptPubKey);
         }
 
         // The coinbase tx has no undo data since no former output is spent
         if (!tx->IsCoinBase()) {
             const auto &tx_undo{block_undo.vtxundo.at(i - 1)};
 
             for (size_t j = 0; j < tx_undo.vprevout.size(); ++j) {
                 Coin coin{tx_undo.vprevout[j]};
                 COutPoint outpoint{tx->vin[j].prevout.GetTxId(),
                                    tx->vin[j].prevout.GetN()};
 
                 m_muhash.Insert(MakeUCharSpan(TxOutSer(outpoint, coin)));
 
                 m_total_prevout_spent_amount -= coin.GetTxOut().nValue;
 
                 m_transaction_output_count++;
                 m_total_amount += coin.GetTxOut().nValue;
                 m_bogo_size += GetBogoSize(coin.GetTxOut().scriptPubKey);
             }
         }
     }
 
     const Amount unclaimed_rewards{
         (m_total_new_outputs_ex_coinbase_amount + m_total_coinbase_amount +
          m_total_unspendable_amount) -
         (m_total_prevout_spent_amount + m_total_subsidy)};
     m_total_unspendable_amount -= unclaimed_rewards;
     m_total_unspendables_unclaimed_rewards -= unclaimed_rewards;
 
     // Check that the rolled back internal values are consistent with the DB
     // read out
     uint256 out;
     m_muhash.Finalize(out);
     Assert(read_out.second.muhash == out);
 
     Assert(m_transaction_output_count ==
            read_out.second.transaction_output_count);
     Assert(m_total_amount == read_out.second.total_amount);
     Assert(m_bogo_size == read_out.second.bogo_size);
     Assert(m_total_subsidy == read_out.second.total_subsidy);
     Assert(m_total_unspendable_amount ==
            read_out.second.total_unspendable_amount);
     Assert(m_total_prevout_spent_amount ==
            read_out.second.total_prevout_spent_amount);
     Assert(m_total_new_outputs_ex_coinbase_amount ==
            read_out.second.total_new_outputs_ex_coinbase_amount);
     Assert(m_total_coinbase_amount == read_out.second.total_coinbase_amount);
     Assert(m_total_unspendables_genesis_block ==
            read_out.second.total_unspendables_genesis_block);
     Assert(m_total_unspendables_bip30 ==
            read_out.second.total_unspendables_bip30);
     Assert(m_total_unspendables_scripts ==
            read_out.second.total_unspendables_scripts);
     Assert(m_total_unspendables_unclaimed_rewards ==
            read_out.second.total_unspendables_unclaimed_rewards);
 
     return m_db->Write(DB_MUHASH, m_muhash);
 }
diff --git a/src/node/coinstats.h b/src/node/coinstats.h
index e19f37f66..fddf7caca 100644
--- a/src/node/coinstats.h
+++ b/src/node/coinstats.h
@@ -1,75 +1,91 @@
 // Copyright (c) 2010 Satoshi Nakamoto
 // Copyright (c) 2009-2019 The Bitcoin Core developers
 // Distributed under the MIT software license, see the accompanying
 // file COPYING or http://www.opensource.org/licenses/mit-license.php.
 
 #ifndef BITCOIN_NODE_COINSTATS_H
 #define BITCOIN_NODE_COINSTATS_H
 
 #include <chain.h>
 #include <coins.h>
 #include <consensus/amount.h>
 #include <primitives/blockhash.h>
 #include <streams.h>
 #include <uint256.h>
 
 #include <cstdint>
 #include <functional>
 
 class CCoinsView;
 namespace node {
 class BlockManager;
 } // namespace node
 
 namespace node {
 enum class CoinStatsHashType {
     HASH_SERIALIZED,
     MUHASH,
     NONE,
 };
 
 struct CCoinsStats {
     CoinStatsHashType m_hash_type;
     int nHeight{0};
     BlockHash hashBlock{};
     uint64_t nTransactions{0};
     uint64_t nTransactionOutputs{0};
     uint64_t nBogoSize{0};
     uint256 hashSerialized{};
     uint64_t nDiskSize{0};
     Amount nTotalAmount{Amount::zero()};
 
     //! The number of coins contained.
     uint64_t coins_count{0};
 
     //! Signals if the coinstatsindex should be used (when available).
     bool index_requested{true};
     //! Signals if the coinstatsindex was used to retrieve the statistics.
     bool index_used{false};
 
     // Following values are only available from coinstats index
+
+    //! Total cumulative amount of block subsidies up to and including this
+    //! block
     Amount total_subsidy{Amount::zero()};
+    //! Total cumulative amount of unspendable coins up to and including this
+    //! block
     Amount total_unspendable_amount{Amount::zero()};
+    //! Total cumulative amount of prevouts spent up to and including this block
     Amount total_prevout_spent_amount{Amount::zero()};
+    //! Total cumulative amount of outputs created up to and including this
+    //! block
     Amount total_new_outputs_ex_coinbase_amount{Amount::zero()};
+    //! Total cumulative amount of coinbase outputs up to and including this
+    //! block
     Amount total_coinbase_amount{Amount::zero()};
+    //! The unspendable coinbase amount from the genesis block
     Amount total_unspendables_genesis_block{Amount::zero()};
+    //! The two unspendable coinbase outputs total amount caused by BIP30
     Amount total_unspendables_bip30{Amount::zero()};
+    //! Total cumulative amount of outputs sent to unspendable scripts
+    //! (OP_RETURN for example) up to and including this block
     Amount total_unspendables_scripts{Amount::zero()};
+    //! Total cumulative amount of coins lost due to unclaimed miner rewards up
+    //! to and including this block
     Amount total_unspendables_unclaimed_rewards{Amount::zero()};
 
     CCoinsStats(CoinStatsHashType hash_type) : m_hash_type(hash_type) {}
 };
 
 //! Calculate statistics about the unspent transaction output set
 bool GetUTXOStats(CCoinsView *view, node::BlockManager &blockman,
                   CCoinsStats &stats,
                   const std::function<void()> &interruption_point = {},
                   const CBlockIndex *pindex = nullptr);
 
 uint64_t GetBogoSize(const CScript &script_pub_key);
 
 CDataStream TxOutSer(const COutPoint &outpoint, const Coin &coin);
 } // namespace node
 
 #endif // BITCOIN_NODE_COINSTATS_H
diff --git a/src/rpc/blockchain.cpp b/src/rpc/blockchain.cpp
index 9dc6e0b74..85aa83b57 100644
--- a/src/rpc/blockchain.cpp
+++ b/src/rpc/blockchain.cpp
@@ -1,3350 +1,3361 @@
 // Copyright (c) 2010 Satoshi Nakamoto
 // Copyright (c) 2009-2019 The Bitcoin Core developers
 // Distributed under the MIT software license, see the accompanying
 // file COPYING or http://www.opensource.org/licenses/mit-license.php.
 
 #include <rpc/blockchain.h>
 
 #include <blockfilter.h>
 #include <chain.h>
 #include <chainparams.h>
 #include <coins.h>
 #include <config.h>
 #include <consensus/amount.h>
 #include <consensus/params.h>
 #include <consensus/validation.h>
 #include <core_io.h>
 #include <hash.h>
 #include <index/blockfilterindex.h>
 #include <index/coinstatsindex.h>
 #include <net.h>
 #include <net_processing.h>
 #include <node/blockstorage.h>
 #include <node/coinstats.h>
 #include <node/context.h>
 #include <node/utxo_snapshot.h>
 #include <policy/policy.h>
 #include <primitives/transaction.h>
 #include <rpc/server.h>
 #include <rpc/server_util.h>
 #include <rpc/util.h>
 #include <script/descriptor.h>
 #include <streams.h>
 #include <txdb.h>
 #include <txmempool.h>
 #include <undo.h>
 #include <util/check.h>
 #include <util/strencodings.h>
 #include <util/translation.h>
 #include <validation.h>
 #include <validationinterface.h>
 #include <warnings.h>
 
 #include <condition_variable>
 #include <cstdint>
 #include <memory>
 #include <mutex>
 
 using node::BlockManager;
 using node::CCoinsStats;
 using node::CoinStatsHashType;
 using node::GetUTXOStats;
 using node::NodeContext;
 using node::ReadBlockFromDisk;
 using node::SnapshotMetadata;
 using node::UndoReadFromDisk;
 
 struct CUpdatedBlock {
     BlockHash hash;
     int height;
 };
 
 static Mutex cs_blockchange;
 static std::condition_variable cond_blockchange;
 static CUpdatedBlock latestblock GUARDED_BY(cs_blockchange);
 
 /**
  * Calculate the difficulty for a given block index.
  */
 double GetDifficulty(const CBlockIndex *blockindex) {
     CHECK_NONFATAL(blockindex);
 
     int nShift = (blockindex->nBits >> 24) & 0xff;
     double dDiff = double(0x0000ffff) / double(blockindex->nBits & 0x00ffffff);
 
     while (nShift < 29) {
         dDiff *= 256.0;
         nShift++;
     }
     while (nShift > 29) {
         dDiff /= 256.0;
         nShift--;
     }
 
     return dDiff;
 }
 
 static int ComputeNextBlockAndDepth(const CBlockIndex *tip,
                                     const CBlockIndex *blockindex,
                                     const CBlockIndex *&next) {
     next = tip->GetAncestor(blockindex->nHeight + 1);
     if (next && next->pprev == blockindex) {
         return tip->nHeight - blockindex->nHeight + 1;
     }
     next = nullptr;
     return blockindex == tip ? 1 : -1;
 }
 
 static const CBlockIndex *ParseHashOrHeight(const UniValue &param,
                                             ChainstateManager &chainman) {
     LOCK(::cs_main);
     CChain &active_chain = chainman.ActiveChain();
 
     if (param.isNum()) {
         const int height{param.get_int()};
         if (height < 0) {
             throw JSONRPCError(
                 RPC_INVALID_PARAMETER,
                 strprintf("Target block height %d is negative", height));
         }
         const int current_tip{active_chain.Height()};
         if (height > current_tip) {
             throw JSONRPCError(
                 RPC_INVALID_PARAMETER,
                 strprintf("Target block height %d after current tip %d", height,
                           current_tip));
         }
 
         return active_chain[height];
     } else {
         const BlockHash hash{ParseHashV(param, "hash_or_height")};
         const CBlockIndex *pindex = chainman.m_blockman.LookupBlockIndex(hash);
 
         if (!pindex) {
             throw JSONRPCError(RPC_INVALID_ADDRESS_OR_KEY, "Block not found");
         }
 
         return pindex;
     }
 }
 UniValue blockheaderToJSON(const CBlockIndex *tip,
                            const CBlockIndex *blockindex) {
     // Serialize passed information without accessing chain state of the active
     // chain!
     // For performance reasons
     AssertLockNotHeld(cs_main);
 
     UniValue result(UniValue::VOBJ);
     result.pushKV("hash", blockindex->GetBlockHash().GetHex());
     const CBlockIndex *pnext;
     int confirmations = ComputeNextBlockAndDepth(tip, blockindex, pnext);
     result.pushKV("confirmations", confirmations);
     result.pushKV("height", blockindex->nHeight);
     result.pushKV("version", blockindex->nVersion);
     result.pushKV("versionHex", strprintf("%08x", blockindex->nVersion));
     result.pushKV("merkleroot", blockindex->hashMerkleRoot.GetHex());
     result.pushKV("time", int64_t(blockindex->nTime));
     result.pushKV("mediantime", int64_t(blockindex->GetMedianTimePast()));
     result.pushKV("nonce", uint64_t(blockindex->nNonce));
     result.pushKV("bits", strprintf("%08x", blockindex->nBits));
     result.pushKV("difficulty", GetDifficulty(blockindex));
     result.pushKV("chainwork", blockindex->nChainWork.GetHex());
     result.pushKV("nTx", uint64_t(blockindex->nTx));
 
     if (blockindex->pprev) {
         result.pushKV("previousblockhash",
                       blockindex->pprev->GetBlockHash().GetHex());
     }
     if (pnext) {
         result.pushKV("nextblockhash", pnext->GetBlockHash().GetHex());
     }
     return result;
 }
 
 UniValue blockToJSON(BlockManager &blockman, const CBlock &block,
                      const CBlockIndex *tip, const CBlockIndex *blockindex,
                      bool txDetails) {
     UniValue result = blockheaderToJSON(tip, blockindex);
 
     result.pushKV("size", (int)::GetSerializeSize(block, PROTOCOL_VERSION));
     UniValue txs(UniValue::VARR);
     if (txDetails) {
         CBlockUndo blockUndo;
         const bool is_not_pruned{
             WITH_LOCK(::cs_main, return !blockman.IsBlockPruned(blockindex))};
         const bool have_undo{is_not_pruned &&
                              UndoReadFromDisk(blockUndo, blockindex)};
         for (size_t i = 0; i < block.vtx.size(); ++i) {
             const CTransactionRef &tx = block.vtx.at(i);
             // coinbase transaction (i == 0) doesn't have undo data
             const CTxUndo *txundo =
                 (have_undo && i) ? &blockUndo.vtxundo.at(i - 1) : nullptr;
             UniValue objTx(UniValue::VOBJ);
             TxToUniv(*tx, BlockHash(), objTx, true, RPCSerializationFlags(),
                      txundo);
             txs.push_back(objTx);
         }
     } else {
         for (const CTransactionRef &tx : block.vtx) {
             txs.push_back(tx->GetId().GetHex());
         }
     }
     result.pushKV("tx", txs);
 
     return result;
 }
 
 static RPCHelpMan getblockcount() {
     return RPCHelpMan{
         "getblockcount",
         "Returns the height of the most-work fully-validated chain.\n"
         "The genesis block has height 0.\n",
         {},
         RPCResult{RPCResult::Type::NUM, "", "The current block count"},
         RPCExamples{HelpExampleCli("getblockcount", "") +
                     HelpExampleRpc("getblockcount", "")},
         [&](const RPCHelpMan &self, const Config &config,
             const JSONRPCRequest &request) -> UniValue {
             ChainstateManager &chainman = EnsureAnyChainman(request.context);
             LOCK(cs_main);
             return chainman.ActiveHeight();
         },
     };
 }
 
 static RPCHelpMan getbestblockhash() {
     return RPCHelpMan{
         "getbestblockhash",
         "Returns the hash of the best (tip) block in the "
         "most-work fully-validated chain.\n",
         {},
         RPCResult{RPCResult::Type::STR_HEX, "", "the block hash, hex-encoded"},
         RPCExamples{HelpExampleCli("getbestblockhash", "") +
                     HelpExampleRpc("getbestblockhash", "")},
         [&](const RPCHelpMan &self, const Config &config,
             const JSONRPCRequest &request) -> UniValue {
             ChainstateManager &chainman = EnsureAnyChainman(request.context);
             LOCK(cs_main);
             return chainman.ActiveTip()->GetBlockHash().GetHex();
         },
     };
 }
 
 void RPCNotifyBlockChange(const CBlockIndex *pindex) {
     if (pindex) {
         LOCK(cs_blockchange);
         latestblock.hash = pindex->GetBlockHash();
         latestblock.height = pindex->nHeight;
     }
     cond_blockchange.notify_all();
 }
 
 static RPCHelpMan waitfornewblock() {
     return RPCHelpMan{
         "waitfornewblock",
         "Waits for a specific new block and returns useful info about it.\n"
         "\nReturns the current block on timeout or exit.\n",
         {
             {"timeout", RPCArg::Type::NUM, /* default */ "0",
              "Time in milliseconds to wait for a response. 0 indicates no "
              "timeout."},
         },
         RPCResult{RPCResult::Type::OBJ,
                   "",
                   "",
                   {
                       {RPCResult::Type::STR_HEX, "hash", "The blockhash"},
                       {RPCResult::Type::NUM, "height", "Block height"},
                   }},
         RPCExamples{HelpExampleCli("waitfornewblock", "1000") +
                     HelpExampleRpc("waitfornewblock", "1000")},
         [&](const RPCHelpMan &self, const Config &config,
             const JSONRPCRequest &request) -> UniValue {
             int timeout = 0;
             if (!request.params[0].isNull()) {
                 timeout = request.params[0].get_int();
             }
 
             CUpdatedBlock block;
             {
                 WAIT_LOCK(cs_blockchange, lock);
                 block = latestblock;
                 if (timeout) {
                     cond_blockchange.wait_for(
                         lock, std::chrono::milliseconds(timeout),
                         [&block]() EXCLUSIVE_LOCKS_REQUIRED(cs_blockchange) {
                             return latestblock.height != block.height ||
                                    latestblock.hash != block.hash ||
                                    !IsRPCRunning();
                         });
                 } else {
                     cond_blockchange.wait(
                         lock,
                         [&block]() EXCLUSIVE_LOCKS_REQUIRED(cs_blockchange) {
                             return latestblock.height != block.height ||
                                    latestblock.hash != block.hash ||
                                    !IsRPCRunning();
                         });
                 }
                 block = latestblock;
             }
             UniValue ret(UniValue::VOBJ);
             ret.pushKV("hash", block.hash.GetHex());
             ret.pushKV("height", block.height);
             return ret;
         },
     };
 }
 
 static RPCHelpMan waitforblock() {
     return RPCHelpMan{
         "waitforblock",
         "Waits for a specific new block and returns useful info about it.\n"
         "\nReturns the current block on timeout or exit.\n",
         {
             {"blockhash", RPCArg::Type::STR_HEX, RPCArg::Optional::NO,
              "Block hash to wait for."},
             {"timeout", RPCArg::Type::NUM, /* default */ "0",
              "Time in milliseconds to wait for a response. 0 indicates no "
              "timeout."},
         },
         RPCResult{RPCResult::Type::OBJ,
                   "",
                   "",
                   {
                       {RPCResult::Type::STR_HEX, "hash", "The blockhash"},
                       {RPCResult::Type::NUM, "height", "Block height"},
                   }},
         RPCExamples{HelpExampleCli("waitforblock",
                                    "\"0000000000079f8ef3d2c688c244eb7a4570b24c9"
                                    "ed7b4a8c619eb02596f8862\" 1000") +
                     HelpExampleRpc("waitforblock",
                                    "\"0000000000079f8ef3d2c688c244eb7a4570b24c9"
                                    "ed7b4a8c619eb02596f8862\", 1000")},
         [&](const RPCHelpMan &self, const Config &config,
             const JSONRPCRequest &request) -> UniValue {
             int timeout = 0;
 
             BlockHash hash(ParseHashV(request.params[0], "blockhash"));
 
             if (!request.params[1].isNull()) {
                 timeout = request.params[1].get_int();
             }
 
             CUpdatedBlock block;
             {
                 WAIT_LOCK(cs_blockchange, lock);
                 if (timeout) {
                     cond_blockchange.wait_for(
                         lock, std::chrono::milliseconds(timeout),
                         [&hash]() EXCLUSIVE_LOCKS_REQUIRED(cs_blockchange) {
                             return latestblock.hash == hash || !IsRPCRunning();
                         });
                 } else {
                     cond_blockchange.wait(
                         lock,
                         [&hash]() EXCLUSIVE_LOCKS_REQUIRED(cs_blockchange) {
                             return latestblock.hash == hash || !IsRPCRunning();
                         });
                 }
                 block = latestblock;
             }
 
             UniValue ret(UniValue::VOBJ);
             ret.pushKV("hash", block.hash.GetHex());
             ret.pushKV("height", block.height);
             return ret;
         },
     };
 }
 
 static RPCHelpMan waitforblockheight() {
     return RPCHelpMan{
         "waitforblockheight",
         "Waits for (at least) block height and returns the height and "
         "hash\nof the current tip.\n"
         "\nReturns the current block on timeout or exit.\n",
         {
             {"height", RPCArg::Type::NUM, RPCArg::Optional::NO,
              "Block height to wait for."},
             {"timeout", RPCArg::Type::NUM, /* default */ "0",
              "Time in milliseconds to wait for a response. 0 indicates no "
              "timeout."},
         },
         RPCResult{RPCResult::Type::OBJ,
                   "",
                   "",
                   {
                       {RPCResult::Type::STR_HEX, "hash", "The blockhash"},
                       {RPCResult::Type::NUM, "height", "Block height"},
                   }},
         RPCExamples{HelpExampleCli("waitforblockheight", "100 1000") +
                     HelpExampleRpc("waitforblockheight", "100, 1000")},
         [&](const RPCHelpMan &self, const Config &config,
             const JSONRPCRequest &request) -> UniValue {
             int timeout = 0;
 
             int height = request.params[0].get_int();
 
             if (!request.params[1].isNull()) {
                 timeout = request.params[1].get_int();
             }
 
             CUpdatedBlock block;
             {
                 WAIT_LOCK(cs_blockchange, lock);
                 if (timeout) {
                     cond_blockchange.wait_for(
                         lock, std::chrono::milliseconds(timeout),
                         [&height]() EXCLUSIVE_LOCKS_REQUIRED(cs_blockchange) {
                             return latestblock.height >= height ||
                                    !IsRPCRunning();
                         });
                 } else {
                     cond_blockchange.wait(
                         lock,
                         [&height]() EXCLUSIVE_LOCKS_REQUIRED(cs_blockchange) {
                             return latestblock.height >= height ||
                                    !IsRPCRunning();
                         });
                 }
                 block = latestblock;
             }
             UniValue ret(UniValue::VOBJ);
             ret.pushKV("hash", block.hash.GetHex());
             ret.pushKV("height", block.height);
             return ret;
         },
     };
 }
 
 static RPCHelpMan syncwithvalidationinterfacequeue() {
     return RPCHelpMan{
         "syncwithvalidationinterfacequeue",
         "Waits for the validation interface queue to catch up on everything "
         "that was there when we entered this function.\n",
         {},
         RPCResult{RPCResult::Type::NONE, "", ""},
         RPCExamples{HelpExampleCli("syncwithvalidationinterfacequeue", "") +
                     HelpExampleRpc("syncwithvalidationinterfacequeue", "")},
         [&](const RPCHelpMan &self, const Config &config,
             const JSONRPCRequest &request) -> UniValue {
             SyncWithValidationInterfaceQueue();
             return NullUniValue;
         },
     };
 }
 
 static RPCHelpMan getdifficulty() {
     return RPCHelpMan{
         "getdifficulty",
         "Returns the proof-of-work difficulty as a multiple of the minimum "
         "difficulty.\n",
         {},
         RPCResult{RPCResult::Type::NUM, "",
                   "the proof-of-work difficulty as a multiple of the minimum "
                   "difficulty."},
         RPCExamples{HelpExampleCli("getdifficulty", "") +
                     HelpExampleRpc("getdifficulty", "")},
         [&](const RPCHelpMan &self, const Config &config,
             const JSONRPCRequest &request) -> UniValue {
             ChainstateManager &chainman = EnsureAnyChainman(request.context);
             LOCK(cs_main);
             return GetDifficulty(chainman.ActiveTip());
         },
     };
 }
 
 static std::vector<RPCResult> MempoolEntryDescription() {
     const auto &ticker = Currency::get().ticker;
     // Deprecated in v0.27.0
     if (IsDeprecatedRPCEnabled(gArgs, "mempool_ancestors_descendants")) {
         return {
             RPCResult{RPCResult::Type::NUM, "size", "transaction size."},
             RPCResult{
                 RPCResult::Type::NUM_TIME, "time",
                 "local time transaction entered pool in seconds since 1 Jan "
                 "1970 GMT"},
             RPCResult{RPCResult::Type::NUM, "height",
                       "block height when transaction entered pool"},
             RPCResult{
                 RPCResult::Type::NUM, "descendantcount",
                 "DEPRECATED: number of in-mempool descendant transactions "
                 "(including this one). Only displayed if the "
                 "-deprecatedrpc=mempool_ancestors_descendants option is set"},
             RPCResult{
                 RPCResult::Type::NUM, "descendantsize",
                 "DEPRECATED: transaction size of in-mempool descendants "
                 "(including this one). Only displayed if the "
                 "-deprecatedrpc=mempool_ancestors_descendants option is set"},
             RPCResult{
                 RPCResult::Type::NUM, "ancestorcount",
                 "DEPRECATED: number of in-mempool ancestor transactions "
                 "(including this one). Only displayed if the "
                 "-deprecatedrpc=mempool_ancestors_descendants option is set"},
             RPCResult{
                 RPCResult::Type::NUM, "ancestorsize",
                 "DEPRECATED: transaction size of in-mempool ancestors "
                 "(including this one). Only displayed if the "
                 "-deprecatedrpc=mempool_ancestors_descendants option is set"},
             RPCResult{
                 RPCResult::Type::OBJ,
                 "fees",
                 "",
                 {
                     RPCResult{RPCResult::Type::STR_AMOUNT, "base",
                               "transaction fee in " + ticker},
                     RPCResult{RPCResult::Type::STR_AMOUNT, "modified",
                               "transaction fee with fee deltas used for "
                               "mining priority in " +
                                   ticker},
                     RPCResult{
                         RPCResult::Type::STR_AMOUNT, "ancestor",
                         "DEPRECATED: modified fees (see above) of in-mempool "
                         "ancestors (including this one) in " +
                             ticker +
                             ". Only displayed if the "
                             "-deprecatedrpc=mempool_ancestors_descendants "
                             "option is set"},
                     RPCResult{
                         RPCResult::Type::STR_AMOUNT, "descendant",
                         "DEPRECATED: modified fees (see above) of in-mempool "
                         "descendants (including this one) in " +
                             ticker +
                             ". Only displayed if the "
                             "-deprecatedrpc=mempool_ancestors_descendants "
                             "option is set"},
                 }},
             RPCResult{
                 RPCResult::Type::ARR,
                 "depends",
                 "unconfirmed transactions used as inputs for this transaction",
                 {RPCResult{RPCResult::Type::STR_HEX, "transactionid",
                            "parent transaction id"}}},
             RPCResult{RPCResult::Type::ARR,
                       "spentby",
                       "unconfirmed transactions spending outputs from this "
                       "transaction",
                       {RPCResult{RPCResult::Type::STR_HEX, "transactionid",
                                  "child transaction id"}}},
             RPCResult{
                 RPCResult::Type::BOOL, "unbroadcast",
                 "Whether this transaction is currently unbroadcast (initial "
                 "broadcast not yet acknowledged by any peers)"},
         };
     }
 
     return {
         RPCResult{RPCResult::Type::NUM, "size", "transaction size."},
         RPCResult{RPCResult::Type::NUM_TIME, "time",
                   "local time transaction entered pool in seconds since 1 Jan "
                   "1970 GMT"},
         RPCResult{RPCResult::Type::NUM, "height",
                   "block height when transaction entered pool"},
         RPCResult{RPCResult::Type::OBJ,
                   "fees",
                   "",
                   {{
                       RPCResult{RPCResult::Type::STR_AMOUNT, "base",
                                 "transaction fee in " + ticker},
                       RPCResult{RPCResult::Type::STR_AMOUNT, "modified",
                                 "transaction fee with fee deltas used for "
                                 "mining priority in " +
                                     ticker},
                   }}},
         RPCResult{
             RPCResult::Type::ARR,
             "depends",
             "unconfirmed transactions used as inputs for this transaction",
             {RPCResult{RPCResult::Type::STR_HEX, "transactionid",
                        "parent transaction id"}}},
         RPCResult{
             RPCResult::Type::ARR,
             "spentby",
             "unconfirmed transactions spending outputs from this transaction",
             {RPCResult{RPCResult::Type::STR_HEX, "transactionid",
                        "child transaction id"}}},
         RPCResult{RPCResult::Type::BOOL, "unbroadcast",
                   "Whether this transaction is currently unbroadcast (initial "
                   "broadcast not yet acknowledged by any peers)"},
     };
 }
 
 static void entryToJSON(const CTxMemPool &pool, UniValue &info,
                         const CTxMemPoolEntry &e)
     EXCLUSIVE_LOCKS_REQUIRED(pool.cs) {
     AssertLockHeld(pool.cs);
 
     const bool deprecated_ancestors_descendants =
         IsDeprecatedRPCEnabled(gArgs, "mempool_ancestors_descendants");
 
     UniValue fees(UniValue::VOBJ);
     fees.pushKV("base", e.GetFee());
     fees.pushKV("modified", e.GetModifiedFee());
     if (deprecated_ancestors_descendants) {
         fees.pushKV("ancestor", e.GetModFeesWithAncestors());
         fees.pushKV("descendant", e.GetModFeesWithDescendants());
     }
     info.pushKV("fees", fees);
 
     info.pushKV("size", (int)e.GetTxSize());
     info.pushKV("time", count_seconds(e.GetTime()));
     info.pushKV("height", (int)e.GetHeight());
     if (deprecated_ancestors_descendants) {
         info.pushKV("descendantcount", e.GetCountWithDescendants());
         info.pushKV("descendantsize", e.GetSizeWithDescendants());
         info.pushKV("ancestorcount", e.GetCountWithAncestors());
         info.pushKV("ancestorsize", e.GetSizeWithAncestors());
     }
     const CTransaction &tx = e.GetTx();
     std::set<std::string> setDepends;
     for (const CTxIn &txin : tx.vin) {
         if (pool.exists(txin.prevout.GetTxId())) {
             setDepends.insert(txin.prevout.GetTxId().ToString());
         }
     }
 
     UniValue depends(UniValue::VARR);
     for (const std::string &dep : setDepends) {
         depends.push_back(dep);
     }
 
     info.pushKV("depends", depends);
 
     UniValue spent(UniValue::VARR);
     for (const CTxMemPoolEntry &child : e.GetMemPoolChildrenConst()) {
         spent.push_back(child.GetTx().GetId().ToString());
     }
 
     info.pushKV("spentby", spent);
     info.pushKV("unbroadcast", pool.IsUnbroadcastTx(tx.GetId()));
 }
 
 UniValue MempoolToJSON(const CTxMemPool &pool, bool verbose,
                        bool include_mempool_sequence) {
     if (verbose) {
         if (include_mempool_sequence) {
             throw JSONRPCError(
                 RPC_INVALID_PARAMETER,
                 "Verbose results cannot contain mempool sequence values.");
         }
         LOCK(pool.cs);
         UniValue o(UniValue::VOBJ);
         for (const CTxMemPoolEntry &e : pool.mapTx) {
             const TxId &txid = e.GetTx().GetId();
             UniValue info(UniValue::VOBJ);
             entryToJSON(pool, info, e);
             // Mempool has unique entries so there is no advantage in using
             // UniValue::pushKV, which checks if the key already exists in O(N).
             // UniValue::__pushKV is used instead which currently is O(1).
             o.__pushKV(txid.ToString(), info);
         }
         return o;
     } else {
         uint64_t mempool_sequence;
         std::vector<TxId> vtxids;
         {
             LOCK(pool.cs);
             pool.getAllTxIds(vtxids);
             mempool_sequence = pool.GetSequence();
         }
         UniValue a(UniValue::VARR);
         for (const TxId &txid : vtxids) {
             a.push_back(txid.ToString());
         }
 
         if (!include_mempool_sequence) {
             return a;
         } else {
             UniValue o(UniValue::VOBJ);
             o.pushKV("txids", a);
             o.pushKV("mempool_sequence", mempool_sequence);
             return o;
         }
     }
 }
 
 static RPCHelpMan getrawmempool() {
     return RPCHelpMan{
         "getrawmempool",
         "Returns all transaction ids in memory pool as a json array of "
         "string transaction ids.\n"
         "\nHint: use getmempoolentry to fetch a specific transaction from the "
         "mempool.\n",
         {
             {"verbose", RPCArg::Type::BOOL, /* default */ "false",
              "True for a json object, false for array of transaction ids"},
             {"mempool_sequence", RPCArg::Type::BOOL, /* default */ "false",
              "If verbose=false, returns a json object with transaction list "
              "and mempool sequence number attached."},
         },
         {
             RPCResult{"for verbose = false",
                       RPCResult::Type::ARR,
                       "",
                       "",
                       {
                           {RPCResult::Type::STR_HEX, "", "The transaction id"},
                       }},
             RPCResult{"for verbose = true",
                       RPCResult::Type::OBJ_DYN,
                       "",
                       "",
                       {
                           {RPCResult::Type::OBJ, "transactionid", "",
                            MempoolEntryDescription()},
                       }},
             RPCResult{
                 "for verbose = false and mempool_sequence = true",
                 RPCResult::Type::OBJ,
                 "",
                 "",
                 {
                     {RPCResult::Type::ARR,
                      "txids",
                      "",
                      {
                          {RPCResult::Type::STR_HEX, "", "The transaction id"},
                      }},
                     {RPCResult::Type::NUM, "mempool_sequence",
                      "The mempool sequence value."},
                 }},
         },
         RPCExamples{HelpExampleCli("getrawmempool", "true") +
                     HelpExampleRpc("getrawmempool", "true")},
         [&](const RPCHelpMan &self, const Config &config,
             const JSONRPCRequest &request) -> UniValue {
             bool fVerbose = false;
             if (!request.params[0].isNull()) {
                 fVerbose = request.params[0].get_bool();
             }
 
             bool include_mempool_sequence = false;
             if (!request.params[1].isNull()) {
                 include_mempool_sequence = request.params[1].get_bool();
             }
 
             return MempoolToJSON(EnsureAnyMemPool(request.context), fVerbose,
                                  include_mempool_sequence);
         },
     };
 }
 
 static RPCHelpMan getmempoolancestors() {
     return RPCHelpMan{
         "getmempoolancestors",
         "If txid is in the mempool, returns all in-mempool ancestors.\n",
         {
             {"txid", RPCArg::Type::STR_HEX, RPCArg::Optional::NO,
              "The transaction id (must be in mempool)"},
             {"verbose", RPCArg::Type::BOOL, /* default */ "false",
              "True for a json object, false for array of transaction ids"},
         },
         {
             RPCResult{
                 "for verbose = false",
                 RPCResult::Type::ARR,
                 "",
                 "",
                 {{RPCResult::Type::STR_HEX, "",
                   "The transaction id of an in-mempool ancestor transaction"}}},
             RPCResult{"for verbose = true",
                       RPCResult::Type::OBJ_DYN,
                       "",
                       "",
                       {
                           {RPCResult::Type::OBJ, "transactionid", "",
                            MempoolEntryDescription()},
                       }},
         },
         RPCExamples{HelpExampleCli("getmempoolancestors", "\"mytxid\"") +
                     HelpExampleRpc("getmempoolancestors", "\"mytxid\"")},
         [&](const RPCHelpMan &self, const Config &config,
             const JSONRPCRequest &request) -> UniValue {
             bool fVerbose = false;
             if (!request.params[1].isNull()) {
                 fVerbose = request.params[1].get_bool();
             }
 
             TxId txid(ParseHashV(request.params[0], "parameter 1"));
 
             const CTxMemPool &mempool = EnsureAnyMemPool(request.context);
             LOCK(mempool.cs);
 
             CTxMemPool::txiter it = mempool.mapTx.find(txid);
             if (it == mempool.mapTx.end()) {
                 throw JSONRPCError(RPC_INVALID_ADDRESS_OR_KEY,
                                    "Transaction not in mempool");
             }
 
             CTxMemPool::setEntries setAncestors;
             uint64_t noLimit = std::numeric_limits<uint64_t>::max();
             std::string dummy;
             mempool.CalculateMemPoolAncestors(*it, setAncestors, noLimit,
                                               noLimit, noLimit, noLimit, dummy,
                                               false);
 
             if (!fVerbose) {
                 UniValue o(UniValue::VARR);
                 for (CTxMemPool::txiter ancestorIt : setAncestors) {
                     o.push_back(ancestorIt->GetTx().GetId().ToString());
                 }
                 return o;
             } else {
                 UniValue o(UniValue::VOBJ);
                 for (CTxMemPool::txiter ancestorIt : setAncestors) {
                     const CTxMemPoolEntry &e = *ancestorIt;
                     const TxId &_txid = e.GetTx().GetId();
                     UniValue info(UniValue::VOBJ);
                     entryToJSON(mempool, info, e);
                     o.pushKV(_txid.ToString(), info);
                 }
                 return o;
             }
         },
     };
 }
 
 static RPCHelpMan getmempooldescendants() {
     return RPCHelpMan{
         "getmempooldescendants",
         "If txid is in the mempool, returns all in-mempool descendants.\n",
         {
             {"txid", RPCArg::Type::STR_HEX, RPCArg::Optional::NO,
              "The transaction id (must be in mempool)"},
             {"verbose", RPCArg::Type::BOOL, /* default */ "false",
              "True for a json object, false for array of transaction ids"},
         },
         {
             RPCResult{"for verbose = false",
                       RPCResult::Type::ARR,
                       "",
                       "",
                       {{RPCResult::Type::STR_HEX, "",
                         "The transaction id of an in-mempool descendant "
                         "transaction"}}},
             RPCResult{"for verbose = true",
                       RPCResult::Type::OBJ_DYN,
                       "",
                       "",
                       {
                           {RPCResult::Type::OBJ, "transactionid", "",
                            MempoolEntryDescription()},
                       }},
         },
         RPCExamples{HelpExampleCli("getmempooldescendants", "\"mytxid\"") +
                     HelpExampleRpc("getmempooldescendants", "\"mytxid\"")},
         [&](const RPCHelpMan &self, const Config &config,
             const JSONRPCRequest &request) -> UniValue {
             bool fVerbose = false;
             if (!request.params[1].isNull()) {
                 fVerbose = request.params[1].get_bool();
             }
 
             TxId txid(ParseHashV(request.params[0], "parameter 1"));
 
             const CTxMemPool &mempool = EnsureAnyMemPool(request.context);
             LOCK(mempool.cs);
 
             CTxMemPool::txiter it = mempool.mapTx.find(txid);
             if (it == mempool.mapTx.end()) {
                 throw JSONRPCError(RPC_INVALID_ADDRESS_OR_KEY,
                                    "Transaction not in mempool");
             }
 
             CTxMemPool::setEntries setDescendants;
             mempool.CalculateDescendants(it, setDescendants);
             // CTxMemPool::CalculateDescendants will include the given tx
             setDescendants.erase(it);
 
             if (!fVerbose) {
                 UniValue o(UniValue::VARR);
                 for (CTxMemPool::txiter descendantIt : setDescendants) {
                     o.push_back(descendantIt->GetTx().GetId().ToString());
                 }
 
                 return o;
             } else {
                 UniValue o(UniValue::VOBJ);
                 for (CTxMemPool::txiter descendantIt : setDescendants) {
                     const CTxMemPoolEntry &e = *descendantIt;
                     const TxId &_txid = e.GetTx().GetId();
                     UniValue info(UniValue::VOBJ);
                     entryToJSON(mempool, info, e);
                     o.pushKV(_txid.ToString(), info);
                 }
                 return o;
             }
         },
     };
 }
 
 static RPCHelpMan getmempoolentry() {
     return RPCHelpMan{
         "getmempoolentry",
         "Returns mempool data for given transaction\n",
         {
             {"txid", RPCArg::Type::STR_HEX, RPCArg::Optional::NO,
              "The transaction id (must be in mempool)"},
         },
         RPCResult{RPCResult::Type::OBJ, "", "", MempoolEntryDescription()},
         RPCExamples{HelpExampleCli("getmempoolentry", "\"mytxid\"") +
                     HelpExampleRpc("getmempoolentry", "\"mytxid\"")},
         [&](const RPCHelpMan &self, const Config &config,
             const JSONRPCRequest &request) -> UniValue {
             TxId txid(ParseHashV(request.params[0], "parameter 1"));
 
             const CTxMemPool &mempool = EnsureAnyMemPool(request.context);
             LOCK(mempool.cs);
 
             CTxMemPool::txiter it = mempool.mapTx.find(txid);
             if (it == mempool.mapTx.end()) {
                 throw JSONRPCError(RPC_INVALID_ADDRESS_OR_KEY,
                                    "Transaction not in mempool");
             }
 
             const CTxMemPoolEntry &e = *it;
             UniValue info(UniValue::VOBJ);
             entryToJSON(mempool, info, e);
             return info;
         },
     };
 }
 
 static RPCHelpMan getblockfrompeer() {
     return RPCHelpMan{
         "getblockfrompeer",
         "\nAttempt to fetch block from a given peer.\n"
         "\nWe must have the header for this block, e.g. using submitheader.\n"
         "Subsequent calls for the same block and a new peer will cause the "
         "response from the previous peer to be ignored.\n"
         "\nReturns an empty JSON object if the request was successfully "
         "scheduled.",
         {
             {"blockhash", RPCArg::Type::STR_HEX, RPCArg::Optional::NO,
              "The block hash to try to fetch"},
             {"peer_id", RPCArg::Type::NUM, RPCArg::Optional::NO,
              "The peer to fetch it from (see getpeerinfo for peer IDs)"},
         },
         RPCResult{RPCResult::Type::OBJ_EMPTY, "", /*optional=*/false, "", {}},
         RPCExamples{HelpExampleCli("getblockfrompeer",
                                    "\"00000000c937983704a73af28acdec37b049d214a"
                                    "dbda81d7e2a3dd146f6ed09\" 0") +
                     HelpExampleRpc("getblockfrompeer",
                                    "\"00000000c937983704a73af28acdec37b049d214a"
                                    "dbda81d7e2a3dd146f6ed09\" 0")},
         [&](const RPCHelpMan &self, const Config &config,
             const JSONRPCRequest &request) -> UniValue {
             const NodeContext &node = EnsureAnyNodeContext(request.context);
             ChainstateManager &chainman = EnsureChainman(node);
             PeerManager &peerman = EnsurePeerman(node);
 
             const BlockHash block_hash{
                 ParseHashV(request.params[0], "blockhash")};
             const NodeId peer_id{request.params[1].get_int64()};
 
             const CBlockIndex *const index = WITH_LOCK(
                 cs_main,
                 return chainman.m_blockman.LookupBlockIndex(block_hash););
 
             if (!index) {
                 throw JSONRPCError(RPC_MISC_ERROR, "Block header missing");
             }
 
             if (WITH_LOCK(::cs_main, return index->nStatus.hasData())) {
                 throw JSONRPCError(RPC_MISC_ERROR, "Block already downloaded");
             }
 
             if (const auto err{peerman.FetchBlock(config, peer_id, *index)}) {
                 throw JSONRPCError(RPC_MISC_ERROR, err.value());
             }
             return UniValue::VOBJ;
         },
     };
 }
 
 static RPCHelpMan getblockhash() {
     return RPCHelpMan{
         "getblockhash",
         "Returns hash of block in best-block-chain at height provided.\n",
         {
             {"height", RPCArg::Type::NUM, RPCArg::Optional::NO,
              "The height index"},
         },
         RPCResult{RPCResult::Type::STR_HEX, "", "The block hash"},
         RPCExamples{HelpExampleCli("getblockhash", "1000") +
                     HelpExampleRpc("getblockhash", "1000")},
         [&](const RPCHelpMan &self, const Config &config,
             const JSONRPCRequest &request) -> UniValue {
             ChainstateManager &chainman = EnsureAnyChainman(request.context);
             LOCK(cs_main);
             const CChain &active_chain = chainman.ActiveChain();
 
             int nHeight = request.params[0].get_int();
             if (nHeight < 0 || nHeight > active_chain.Height()) {
                 throw JSONRPCError(RPC_INVALID_PARAMETER,
                                    "Block height out of range");
             }
 
             const CBlockIndex *pblockindex = active_chain[nHeight];
             return pblockindex->GetBlockHash().GetHex();
         },
     };
 }
 
 static RPCHelpMan getblockheader() {
     return RPCHelpMan{
         "getblockheader",
         "If verbose is false, returns a string that is serialized, hex-encoded "
         "data for blockheader 'hash'.\n"
         "If verbose is true, returns an Object with information about "
         "blockheader <hash>.\n",
         {
             {"blockhash", RPCArg::Type::STR_HEX, RPCArg::Optional::NO,
              "The block hash"},
             {"verbose", RPCArg::Type::BOOL, /* default */ "true",
              "true for a json object, false for the hex-encoded data"},
         },
         {
             RPCResult{
                 "for verbose = true",
                 RPCResult::Type::OBJ,
                 "",
                 "",
                 {
                     {RPCResult::Type::STR_HEX, "hash",
                      "the block hash (same as provided)"},
                     {RPCResult::Type::NUM, "confirmations",
                      "The number of confirmations, or -1 if the block is not "
                      "on the main chain"},
                     {RPCResult::Type::NUM, "height",
                      "The block height or index"},
                     {RPCResult::Type::NUM, "version", "The block version"},
                     {RPCResult::Type::STR_HEX, "versionHex",
                      "The block version formatted in hexadecimal"},
                     {RPCResult::Type::STR_HEX, "merkleroot", "The merkle root"},
                     {RPCResult::Type::NUM_TIME, "time",
                      "The block time expressed in " + UNIX_EPOCH_TIME},
                     {RPCResult::Type::NUM_TIME, "mediantime",
                      "The median block time expressed in " + UNIX_EPOCH_TIME},
                     {RPCResult::Type::NUM, "nonce", "The nonce"},
                     {RPCResult::Type::STR_HEX, "bits", "The bits"},
                     {RPCResult::Type::NUM, "difficulty", "The difficulty"},
                     {RPCResult::Type::STR_HEX, "chainwork",
                      "Expected number of hashes required to produce the "
                      "current chain"},
                     {RPCResult::Type::NUM, "nTx",
                      "The number of transactions in the block"},
                     {RPCResult::Type::STR_HEX, "previousblockhash",
                      /* optional */ true,
                      "The hash of the previous block (if available)"},
                     {RPCResult::Type::STR_HEX, "nextblockhash",
                      /* optional */ true,
                      "The hash of the next block (if available)"},
                 }},
             RPCResult{"for verbose=false", RPCResult::Type::STR_HEX, "",
                       "A string that is serialized, hex-encoded data for block "
                       "'hash'"},
         },
         RPCExamples{HelpExampleCli("getblockheader",
                                    "\"00000000c937983704a73af28acdec37b049d214a"
                                    "dbda81d7e2a3dd146f6ed09\"") +
                     HelpExampleRpc("getblockheader",
                                    "\"00000000c937983704a73af28acdec37b049d214a"
                                    "dbda81d7e2a3dd146f6ed09\"")},
         [&](const RPCHelpMan &self, const Config &config,
             const JSONRPCRequest &request) -> UniValue {
             BlockHash hash(ParseHashV(request.params[0], "hash"));
 
             bool fVerbose = true;
             if (!request.params[1].isNull()) {
                 fVerbose = request.params[1].get_bool();
             }
 
             const CBlockIndex *pblockindex;
             const CBlockIndex *tip;
             {
                 ChainstateManager &chainman =
                     EnsureAnyChainman(request.context);
                 LOCK(cs_main);
                 pblockindex = chainman.m_blockman.LookupBlockIndex(hash);
                 tip = chainman.ActiveTip();
             }
 
             if (!pblockindex) {
                 throw JSONRPCError(RPC_INVALID_ADDRESS_OR_KEY,
                                    "Block not found");
             }
 
             if (!fVerbose) {
                 CDataStream ssBlock(SER_NETWORK, PROTOCOL_VERSION);
                 ssBlock << pblockindex->GetBlockHeader();
                 std::string strHex = HexStr(ssBlock);
                 return strHex;
             }
 
             return blockheaderToJSON(tip, pblockindex);
         },
     };
 }
 
 static CBlock GetBlockChecked(const Config &config, BlockManager &blockman,
                               const CBlockIndex *pblockindex) {
     CBlock block;
     {
         LOCK(cs_main);
         if (blockman.IsBlockPruned(pblockindex)) {
             throw JSONRPCError(RPC_MISC_ERROR,
                                "Block not available (pruned data)");
         }
     }
 
     if (!ReadBlockFromDisk(block, pblockindex,
                            config.GetChainParams().GetConsensus())) {
         // Block not found on disk. This could be because we have the block
         // header in our index but not yet have the block or did not accept the
         // block. Or if the block was pruned right after we released the lock
         // above.
         throw JSONRPCError(RPC_MISC_ERROR, "Block not found on disk");
     }
 
     return block;
 }
 
 static CBlockUndo GetUndoChecked(BlockManager &blockman,
                                  const CBlockIndex *pblockindex) {
     CBlockUndo blockUndo;
 
     {
         LOCK(cs_main);
         if (blockman.IsBlockPruned(pblockindex)) {
             throw JSONRPCError(RPC_MISC_ERROR,
                                "Undo data not available (pruned data)");
         }
     }
 
     if (!UndoReadFromDisk(blockUndo, pblockindex)) {
         throw JSONRPCError(RPC_MISC_ERROR, "Can't read undo data from disk");
     }
 
     return blockUndo;
 }
 
 static RPCHelpMan getblock() {
     return RPCHelpMan{
         "getblock",
         "If verbosity is 0 or false, returns a string that is serialized, "
         "hex-encoded data for block 'hash'.\n"
         "If verbosity is 1 or true, returns an Object with information about "
         "block <hash>.\n"
         "If verbosity is 2, returns an Object with information about block "
         "<hash> and information about each transaction.\n",
         {
             {"blockhash", RPCArg::Type::STR_HEX, RPCArg::Optional::NO,
              "The block hash"},
             {"verbosity|verbose", RPCArg::Type::NUM, /* default */ "1",
              "0 for hex-encoded data, 1 for a json object, and 2 for json "
              "object with transaction data"},
         },
         {
             RPCResult{"for verbosity = 0", RPCResult::Type::STR_HEX, "",
                       "A string that is serialized, hex-encoded data for block "
                       "'hash'"},
             RPCResult{
                 "for verbosity = 1",
                 RPCResult::Type::OBJ,
                 "",
                 "",
                 {
                     {RPCResult::Type::STR_HEX, "hash",
                      "the block hash (same as provided)"},
                     {RPCResult::Type::NUM, "confirmations",
                      "The number of confirmations, or -1 if the block is not "
                      "on the main chain"},
                     {RPCResult::Type::NUM, "size", "The block size"},
                     {RPCResult::Type::NUM, "height",
                      "The block height or index"},
                     {RPCResult::Type::NUM, "version", "The block version"},
                     {RPCResult::Type::STR_HEX, "versionHex",
                      "The block version formatted in hexadecimal"},
                     {RPCResult::Type::STR_HEX, "merkleroot", "The merkle root"},
                     {RPCResult::Type::ARR,
                      "tx",
                      "The transaction ids",
                      {{RPCResult::Type::STR_HEX, "", "The transaction id"}}},
                     {RPCResult::Type::NUM_TIME, "time",
                      "The block time expressed in " + UNIX_EPOCH_TIME},
                     {RPCResult::Type::NUM_TIME, "mediantime",
                      "The median block time expressed in " + UNIX_EPOCH_TIME},
                     {RPCResult::Type::NUM, "nonce", "The nonce"},
                     {RPCResult::Type::STR_HEX, "bits", "The bits"},
                     {RPCResult::Type::NUM, "difficulty", "The difficulty"},
                     {RPCResult::Type::STR_HEX, "chainwork",
                      "Expected number of hashes required to produce the chain "
                      "up to this block (in hex)"},
                     {RPCResult::Type::NUM, "nTx",
                      "The number of transactions in the block"},
                     {RPCResult::Type::STR_HEX, "previousblockhash",
                      /* optional */ true,
                      "The hash of the previous block (if available)"},
                     {RPCResult::Type::STR_HEX, "nextblockhash",
                      /* optional */ true,
                      "The hash of the next block (if available)"},
                 }},
             RPCResult{"for verbosity = 2",
                       RPCResult::Type::OBJ,
                       "",
                       "",
                       {
                           {RPCResult::Type::ELISION, "",
                            "Same output as verbosity = 1"},
                           {RPCResult::Type::ARR,
                            "tx",
                            "",
                            {
                                {RPCResult::Type::OBJ,
                                 "",
                                 "",
                                 {
                                     {RPCResult::Type::ELISION, "",
                                      "The transactions in the format of the "
                                      "getrawtransaction RPC. Different from "
                                      "verbosity = 1 \"tx\" result"},
                                     {RPCResult::Type::STR_AMOUNT, "fee",
                                      "The transaction fee in " +
                                          Currency::get().ticker +
                                          ", omitted if block undo data is not "
                                          "available"},
                                 }},
                            }},
                       }},
         },
         RPCExamples{
             HelpExampleCli("getblock", "\"00000000c937983704a73af28acdec37b049d"
                                        "214adbda81d7e2a3dd146f6ed09\"") +
             HelpExampleRpc("getblock", "\"00000000c937983704a73af28acdec37b049d"
                                        "214adbda81d7e2a3dd146f6ed09\"")},
         [&](const RPCHelpMan &self, const Config &config,
             const JSONRPCRequest &request) -> UniValue {
             BlockHash hash(ParseHashV(request.params[0], "blockhash"));
 
             int verbosity = 1;
             if (!request.params[1].isNull()) {
                 if (request.params[1].isNum()) {
                     verbosity = request.params[1].get_int();
                 } else {
                     verbosity = request.params[1].get_bool() ? 1 : 0;
                 }
             }
 
             const CBlockIndex *pblockindex;
             const CBlockIndex *tip;
             ChainstateManager &chainman = EnsureAnyChainman(request.context);
             {
                 LOCK(cs_main);
                 pblockindex = chainman.m_blockman.LookupBlockIndex(hash);
                 tip = chainman.ActiveTip();
 
                 if (!pblockindex) {
                     throw JSONRPCError(RPC_INVALID_ADDRESS_OR_KEY,
                                        "Block not found");
                 }
             }
 
             const CBlock block =
                 GetBlockChecked(config, chainman.m_blockman, pblockindex);
 
             if (verbosity <= 0) {
                 CDataStream ssBlock(SER_NETWORK,
                                     PROTOCOL_VERSION | RPCSerializationFlags());
                 ssBlock << block;
                 std::string strHex = HexStr(ssBlock);
                 return strHex;
             }
 
             return blockToJSON(chainman.m_blockman, block, tip, pblockindex,
                                verbosity >= 2);
         },
     };
 }
 
 static RPCHelpMan pruneblockchain() {
     return RPCHelpMan{
         "pruneblockchain",
         "",
         {
             {"height", RPCArg::Type::NUM, RPCArg::Optional::NO,
              "The block height to prune up to. May be set to a discrete "
              "height, or to a " +
                  UNIX_EPOCH_TIME +
                  "\n"
                  "                  to prune blocks whose block time is at "
                  "least 2 hours older than the provided timestamp."},
         },
         RPCResult{RPCResult::Type::NUM, "", "Height of the last block pruned"},
         RPCExamples{HelpExampleCli("pruneblockchain", "1000") +
                     HelpExampleRpc("pruneblockchain", "1000")},
         [&](const RPCHelpMan &self, const Config &config,
             const JSONRPCRequest &request) -> UniValue {
             if (!node::fPruneMode) {
                 throw JSONRPCError(
                     RPC_MISC_ERROR,
                     "Cannot prune blocks because node is not in prune mode.");
             }
 
             ChainstateManager &chainman = EnsureAnyChainman(request.context);
             LOCK(cs_main);
             Chainstate &active_chainstate = chainman.ActiveChainstate();
             CChain &active_chain = active_chainstate.m_chain;
 
             int heightParam = request.params[0].get_int();
             if (heightParam < 0) {
                 throw JSONRPCError(RPC_INVALID_PARAMETER,
                                    "Negative block height.");
             }
 
             // Height value more than a billion is too high to be a block
             // height, and too low to be a block time (corresponds to timestamp
             // from Sep 2001).
             if (heightParam > 1000000000) {
                 // Add a 2 hour buffer to include blocks which might have had
                 // old timestamps
                 const CBlockIndex *pindex = active_chain.FindEarliestAtLeast(
                     heightParam - TIMESTAMP_WINDOW, 0);
                 if (!pindex) {
                     throw JSONRPCError(RPC_INVALID_PARAMETER,
                                        "Could not find block with at least the "
                                        "specified timestamp.");
                 }
                 heightParam = pindex->nHeight;
             }
 
             unsigned int height = (unsigned int)heightParam;
             unsigned int chainHeight = (unsigned int)active_chain.Height();
             if (chainHeight < config.GetChainParams().PruneAfterHeight()) {
                 throw JSONRPCError(RPC_MISC_ERROR,
                                    "Blockchain is too short for pruning.");
             } else if (height > chainHeight) {
                 throw JSONRPCError(
                     RPC_INVALID_PARAMETER,
                     "Blockchain is shorter than the attempted prune height.");
             } else if (height > chainHeight - MIN_BLOCKS_TO_KEEP) {
                 LogPrint(BCLog::RPC,
                          "Attempt to prune blocks close to the tip. "
                          "Retaining the minimum number of blocks.\n");
                 height = chainHeight - MIN_BLOCKS_TO_KEEP;
             }
 
             PruneBlockFilesManual(active_chainstate, height);
             const CBlockIndex *block = CHECK_NONFATAL(active_chain.Tip());
             const CBlockIndex *last_block = node::GetFirstStoredBlock(block);
 
             return static_cast<uint64_t>(last_block->nHeight);
         },
     };
 }
 
 static CoinStatsHashType ParseHashType(const std::string &hash_type_input) {
     if (hash_type_input == "hash_serialized") {
         return CoinStatsHashType::HASH_SERIALIZED;
     } else if (hash_type_input == "muhash") {
         return CoinStatsHashType::MUHASH;
     } else if (hash_type_input == "none") {
         return CoinStatsHashType::NONE;
     } else {
         throw JSONRPCError(
             RPC_INVALID_PARAMETER,
             strprintf("%s is not a valid hash_type", hash_type_input));
     }
 }
 
 static RPCHelpMan gettxoutsetinfo() {
     return RPCHelpMan{
         "gettxoutsetinfo",
         "Returns statistics about the unspent transaction output set.\n"
         "Note this call may take some time if you are not using "
         "coinstatsindex.\n",
         {
             {"hash_type", RPCArg::Type::STR, /* default */ "hash_serialized",
              "Which UTXO set hash should be calculated. Options: "
              "'hash_serialized' (the legacy algorithm), 'muhash', 'none'."},
             {"hash_or_height",
              RPCArg::Type::NUM,
              RPCArg::Optional::OMITTED,
              "The block hash or height of the target height (only available "
              "with coinstatsindex).",
              "",
              {"", "string or numeric"}},
             {"use_index", RPCArg::Type::BOOL, /* default */ "true",
              "Use coinstatsindex, if available."},
         },
         RPCResult{
             RPCResult::Type::OBJ,
             "",
             "",
             {
                 {RPCResult::Type::NUM, "height",
                  "The current block height (index)"},
                 {RPCResult::Type::STR_HEX, "bestblock",
                  "The hash of the block at the tip of the chain"},
                 {RPCResult::Type::NUM, "txouts",
                  "The number of unspent transaction outputs"},
                 {RPCResult::Type::NUM, "bogosize",
                  "Database-independent, meaningless metric indicating "
                  "the UTXO set size"},
                 {RPCResult::Type::STR_HEX, "hash_serialized",
                  /* optional */ true,
                  "The serialized hash (only present if 'hash_serialized' "
                  "hash_type is chosen)"},
                 {RPCResult::Type::STR_HEX, "muhash", /* optional */ true,
                  "The serialized hash (only present if 'muhash' "
                  "hash_type is chosen)"},
                 {RPCResult::Type::NUM, "transactions",
                  "The number of transactions with unspent outputs (not "
                  "available when coinstatsindex is used)"},
                 {RPCResult::Type::NUM, "disk_size",
                  "The estimated size of the chainstate on disk (not "
                  "available when coinstatsindex is used)"},
                 {RPCResult::Type::STR_AMOUNT, "total_amount",
                  "The total amount"},
                 {RPCResult::Type::STR_AMOUNT, "total_unspendable_amount",
                  "The total amount of coins permanently excluded from the UTXO "
                  "set (only available if coinstatsindex is used)"},
                 {RPCResult::Type::OBJ,
                  "block_info",
                  "Info on amounts in the block at this block height (only "
                  "available if coinstatsindex is used)",
-                 {{RPCResult::Type::STR_AMOUNT, "prevout_spent", ""},
-                  {RPCResult::Type::STR_AMOUNT, "coinbase", ""},
-                  {RPCResult::Type::STR_AMOUNT, "new_outputs_ex_coinbase", ""},
-                  {RPCResult::Type::STR_AMOUNT, "unspendable", ""},
+                 {{RPCResult::Type::STR_AMOUNT, "prevout_spent",
+                   "Total amount of all prevouts spent in this block"},
+                  {RPCResult::Type::STR_AMOUNT, "coinbase",
+                   "Coinbase subsidy amount of this block"},
+                  {RPCResult::Type::STR_AMOUNT, "new_outputs_ex_coinbase",
+                   "Total amount of new outputs created by this block"},
+                  {RPCResult::Type::STR_AMOUNT, "unspendable",
+                   "Total amount of unspendable outputs created in this block"},
                   {RPCResult::Type::OBJ,
                    "unspendables",
                    "Detailed view of the unspendable categories",
                    {
-                       {RPCResult::Type::STR_AMOUNT, "genesis_block", ""},
+                       {RPCResult::Type::STR_AMOUNT, "genesis_block",
+                        "The unspendable amount of the Genesis block subsidy"},
                        {RPCResult::Type::STR_AMOUNT, "bip30",
                         "Transactions overridden by duplicates (no longer "
                         "possible with BIP30)"},
                        {RPCResult::Type::STR_AMOUNT, "scripts",
                         "Amounts sent to scripts that are unspendable (for "
                         "example OP_RETURN outputs)"},
                        {RPCResult::Type::STR_AMOUNT, "unclaimed_rewards",
                         "Fee rewards that miners did not claim in their "
                         "coinbase transaction"},
                    }}}},
             }},
         RPCExamples{
             HelpExampleCli("gettxoutsetinfo", "") +
             HelpExampleCli("gettxoutsetinfo", R"("none")") +
             HelpExampleCli("gettxoutsetinfo", R"("none" 1000)") +
             HelpExampleCli(
                 "gettxoutsetinfo",
                 R"("none" '"00000000c937983704a73af28acdec37b049d214adbda81d7e2a3dd146f6ed09"')") +
             HelpExampleRpc("gettxoutsetinfo", "") +
             HelpExampleRpc("gettxoutsetinfo", R"("none")") +
             HelpExampleRpc("gettxoutsetinfo", R"("none", 1000)") +
             HelpExampleRpc(
                 "gettxoutsetinfo",
                 R"("none", "00000000c937983704a73af28acdec37b049d214adbda81d7e2a3dd146f6ed09")")},
         [&](const RPCHelpMan &self, const Config &config,
             const JSONRPCRequest &request) -> UniValue {
             UniValue ret(UniValue::VOBJ);
 
             const CBlockIndex *pindex{nullptr};
             const CoinStatsHashType hash_type{
                 request.params[0].isNull()
                     ? CoinStatsHashType::HASH_SERIALIZED
                     : ParseHashType(request.params[0].get_str())};
             CCoinsStats stats{hash_type};
             stats.index_requested =
                 request.params[2].isNull() || request.params[2].get_bool();
 
             NodeContext &node = EnsureAnyNodeContext(request.context);
             ChainstateManager &chainman = EnsureChainman(node);
             Chainstate &active_chainstate = chainman.ActiveChainstate();
             active_chainstate.ForceFlushStateToDisk();
 
             CCoinsView *coins_view;
             BlockManager *blockman;
             {
                 LOCK(::cs_main);
                 coins_view = &active_chainstate.CoinsDB();
                 blockman = &active_chainstate.m_blockman;
                 pindex = blockman->LookupBlockIndex(coins_view->GetBestBlock());
             }
 
             if (!request.params[1].isNull()) {
                 if (!g_coin_stats_index) {
                     throw JSONRPCError(RPC_INVALID_PARAMETER,
                                        "Querying specific block heights "
                                        "requires coinstatsindex");
                 }
 
                 if (stats.m_hash_type == CoinStatsHashType::HASH_SERIALIZED) {
                     throw JSONRPCError(RPC_INVALID_PARAMETER,
                                        "hash_serialized hash type cannot be "
                                        "queried for a specific block");
                 }
 
                 pindex = ParseHashOrHeight(request.params[1], chainman);
             }
 
+            if (stats.index_requested && g_coin_stats_index) {
+                if (!g_coin_stats_index->BlockUntilSyncedToCurrentChain()) {
+                    const IndexSummary summary{
+                        g_coin_stats_index->GetSummary()};
+
+                    // If a specific block was requested and the index has
+                    // already synced past that height, we can return the data
+                    // already even though the index is not fully synced yet.
+                    if (pindex->nHeight > summary.best_block_height) {
+                        throw JSONRPCError(
+                            RPC_INTERNAL_ERROR,
+                            strprintf(
+                                "Unable to get data because coinstatsindex is "
+                                "still syncing. Current height: %d",
+                                summary.best_block_height));
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+
             if (GetUTXOStats(coins_view, *blockman, stats,
                              node.rpc_interruption_point, pindex)) {
                 ret.pushKV("height", int64_t(stats.nHeight));
                 ret.pushKV("bestblock", stats.hashBlock.GetHex());
                 ret.pushKV("txouts", int64_t(stats.nTransactionOutputs));
                 ret.pushKV("bogosize", int64_t(stats.nBogoSize));
                 if (hash_type == CoinStatsHashType::HASH_SERIALIZED) {
                     ret.pushKV("hash_serialized",
                                stats.hashSerialized.GetHex());
                 }
                 if (hash_type == CoinStatsHashType::MUHASH) {
                     ret.pushKV("muhash", stats.hashSerialized.GetHex());
                 }
                 ret.pushKV("total_amount", stats.nTotalAmount);
                 if (!stats.index_used) {
                     ret.pushKV("transactions",
                                static_cast<int64_t>(stats.nTransactions));
                     ret.pushKV("disk_size", stats.nDiskSize);
                 } else {
                     ret.pushKV("total_unspendable_amount",
                                stats.total_unspendable_amount);
 
                     CCoinsStats prev_stats{hash_type};
 
                     if (pindex->nHeight > 0) {
                         GetUTXOStats(coins_view, *blockman, prev_stats,
                                      node.rpc_interruption_point,
                                      pindex->pprev);
                     }
 
                     UniValue block_info(UniValue::VOBJ);
                     block_info.pushKV(
                         "prevout_spent",
                         stats.total_prevout_spent_amount -
                             prev_stats.total_prevout_spent_amount);
                     block_info.pushKV("coinbase",
                                       stats.total_coinbase_amount -
                                           prev_stats.total_coinbase_amount);
                     block_info.pushKV(
                         "new_outputs_ex_coinbase",
                         stats.total_new_outputs_ex_coinbase_amount -
                             prev_stats.total_new_outputs_ex_coinbase_amount);
                     block_info.pushKV("unspendable",
                                       stats.total_unspendable_amount -
                                           prev_stats.total_unspendable_amount);
 
                     UniValue unspendables(UniValue::VOBJ);
                     unspendables.pushKV(
                         "genesis_block",
                         stats.total_unspendables_genesis_block -
                             prev_stats.total_unspendables_genesis_block);
                     unspendables.pushKV(
                         "bip30", stats.total_unspendables_bip30 -
                                      prev_stats.total_unspendables_bip30);
                     unspendables.pushKV(
                         "scripts", stats.total_unspendables_scripts -
                                        prev_stats.total_unspendables_scripts);
                     unspendables.pushKV(
                         "unclaimed_rewards",
                         stats.total_unspendables_unclaimed_rewards -
                             prev_stats.total_unspendables_unclaimed_rewards);
                     block_info.pushKV("unspendables", unspendables);
 
                     ret.pushKV("block_info", block_info);
                 }
             } else {
-                if (g_coin_stats_index) {
-                    const IndexSummary summary{
-                        g_coin_stats_index->GetSummary()};
-
-                    if (!summary.synced) {
-                        throw JSONRPCError(
-                            RPC_INTERNAL_ERROR,
-                            strprintf("Unable to read UTXO set because "
-                                      "coinstatsindex is still syncing. "
-                                      "Current height: %d",
-                                      summary.best_block_height));
-                    }
-                }
                 throw JSONRPCError(RPC_INTERNAL_ERROR,
                                    "Unable to read UTXO set");
             }
             return ret;
         },
     };
 }
 
 RPCHelpMan gettxout() {
     return RPCHelpMan{
         "gettxout",
         "Returns details about an unspent transaction output.\n",
         {
             {"txid", RPCArg::Type::STR_HEX, RPCArg::Optional::NO,
              "The transaction id"},
             {"n", RPCArg::Type::NUM, RPCArg::Optional::NO, "vout number"},
             {"include_mempool", RPCArg::Type::BOOL, /* default */ "true",
              "Whether to include the mempool. Note that an unspent output that "
              "is spent in the mempool won't appear."},
         },
         {
             RPCResult{"If the UTXO was not found", RPCResult::Type::NONE, "",
                       ""},
             RPCResult{
                 "Otherwise",
                 RPCResult::Type::OBJ,
                 "",
                 "",
                 {
                     {RPCResult::Type::STR_HEX, "bestblock",
                      "The hash of the block at the tip of the chain"},
                     {RPCResult::Type::NUM, "confirmations",
                      "The number of confirmations"},
                     {RPCResult::Type::STR_AMOUNT, "value",
                      "The transaction value in " + Currency::get().ticker},
                     {RPCResult::Type::OBJ,
                      "scriptPubKey",
                      "",
                      {
                          {RPCResult::Type::STR_HEX, "asm", ""},
                          {RPCResult::Type::STR_HEX, "hex", ""},
                          {RPCResult::Type::NUM, "reqSigs",
                           "Number of required signatures"},
                          {RPCResult::Type::STR_HEX, "type",
                           "The type, eg pubkeyhash"},
                          {RPCResult::Type::ARR,
                           "addresses",
                           "array of eCash addresses",
                           {{RPCResult::Type::STR, "address", "eCash address"}}},
                      }},
                     {RPCResult::Type::BOOL, "coinbase", "Coinbase or not"},
                 }},
         },
         RPCExamples{"\nGet unspent transactions\n" +
                     HelpExampleCli("listunspent", "") + "\nView the details\n" +
                     HelpExampleCli("gettxout", "\"txid\" 1") +
                     "\nAs a JSON-RPC call\n" +
                     HelpExampleRpc("gettxout", "\"txid\", 1")},
         [&](const RPCHelpMan &self, const Config &config,
             const JSONRPCRequest &request) -> UniValue {
             NodeContext &node = EnsureAnyNodeContext(request.context);
             ChainstateManager &chainman = EnsureChainman(node);
             LOCK(cs_main);
 
             UniValue ret(UniValue::VOBJ);
 
             TxId txid(ParseHashV(request.params[0], "txid"));
             int n = request.params[1].get_int();
             COutPoint out(txid, n);
             bool fMempool = true;
             if (!request.params[2].isNull()) {
                 fMempool = request.params[2].get_bool();
             }
 
             Coin coin;
             Chainstate &active_chainstate = chainman.ActiveChainstate();
             CCoinsViewCache *coins_view = &active_chainstate.CoinsTip();
 
             if (fMempool) {
                 const CTxMemPool &mempool = EnsureMemPool(node);
                 LOCK(mempool.cs);
                 CCoinsViewMemPool view(coins_view, mempool);
                 if (!view.GetCoin(out, coin) || mempool.isSpent(out)) {
                     return NullUniValue;
                 }
             } else {
                 if (!coins_view->GetCoin(out, coin)) {
                     return NullUniValue;
                 }
             }
 
             const CBlockIndex *pindex =
                 active_chainstate.m_blockman.LookupBlockIndex(
                     coins_view->GetBestBlock());
             ret.pushKV("bestblock", pindex->GetBlockHash().GetHex());
             if (coin.GetHeight() == MEMPOOL_HEIGHT) {
                 ret.pushKV("confirmations", 0);
             } else {
                 ret.pushKV("confirmations",
                            int64_t(pindex->nHeight - coin.GetHeight() + 1));
             }
             ret.pushKV("value", coin.GetTxOut().nValue);
             UniValue o(UniValue::VOBJ);
             ScriptPubKeyToUniv(coin.GetTxOut().scriptPubKey, o, true);
             ret.pushKV("scriptPubKey", o);
             ret.pushKV("coinbase", coin.IsCoinBase());
 
             return ret;
         },
     };
 }
 
 static RPCHelpMan verifychain() {
     return RPCHelpMan{
         "verifychain",
         "Verifies blockchain database.\n",
         {
             {"checklevel", RPCArg::Type::NUM,
              /* default */ strprintf("%d, range=0-4", DEFAULT_CHECKLEVEL),
              strprintf("How thorough the block verification is:\n - %s",
                        Join(CHECKLEVEL_DOC, "\n- "))},
             {"nblocks", RPCArg::Type::NUM,
              /* default */ strprintf("%d, 0=all", DEFAULT_CHECKBLOCKS),
              "The number of blocks to check."},
         },
         RPCResult{RPCResult::Type::BOOL, "", "Verified or not"},
         RPCExamples{HelpExampleCli("verifychain", "") +
                     HelpExampleRpc("verifychain", "")},
         [&](const RPCHelpMan &self, const Config &config,
             const JSONRPCRequest &request) -> UniValue {
             const int check_level(request.params[0].isNull()
                                       ? DEFAULT_CHECKLEVEL
                                       : request.params[0].get_int());
             const int check_depth{request.params[1].isNull()
                                       ? DEFAULT_CHECKBLOCKS
                                       : request.params[1].get_int()};
 
             ChainstateManager &chainman = EnsureAnyChainman(request.context);
             LOCK(cs_main);
 
             Chainstate &active_chainstate = chainman.ActiveChainstate();
             return CVerifyDB().VerifyDB(active_chainstate, config,
                                         active_chainstate.CoinsTip(),
                                         check_level, check_depth);
         },
     };
 }
 
 RPCHelpMan getblockchaininfo() {
     return RPCHelpMan{
         "getblockchaininfo",
         "Returns an object containing various state info regarding blockchain "
         "processing.\n",
         {},
         RPCResult{
             RPCResult::Type::OBJ,
             "",
             "",
             {
                 {RPCResult::Type::STR, "chain",
                  "current network name (main, test, regtest)"},
                 {RPCResult::Type::NUM, "blocks",
                  "the height of the most-work fully-validated chain. The "
                  "genesis block has height 0"},
                 {RPCResult::Type::NUM, "headers",
                  "the current number of headers we have validated"},
                 {RPCResult::Type::STR, "bestblockhash",
                  "the hash of the currently best block"},
                 {RPCResult::Type::NUM, "difficulty", "the current difficulty"},
                 {RPCResult::Type::NUM_TIME, "time",
                  "The block time expressed in " + UNIX_EPOCH_TIME},
                 {RPCResult::Type::NUM_TIME, "mediantime",
                  "The median block time expressed in " + UNIX_EPOCH_TIME},
                 {RPCResult::Type::NUM, "verificationprogress",
                  "estimate of verification progress [0..1]"},
                 {RPCResult::Type::BOOL, "initialblockdownload",
                  "(debug information) estimate of whether this node is in "
                  "Initial Block Download mode"},
                 {RPCResult::Type::STR_HEX, "chainwork",
                  "total amount of work in active chain, in hexadecimal"},
                 {RPCResult::Type::NUM, "size_on_disk",
                  "the estimated size of the block and undo files on disk"},
                 {RPCResult::Type::BOOL, "pruned",
                  "if the blocks are subject to pruning"},
                 {RPCResult::Type::NUM, "pruneheight",
                  "lowest-height complete block stored (only present if pruning "
                  "is enabled)"},
                 {RPCResult::Type::BOOL, "automatic_pruning",
                  "whether automatic pruning is enabled (only present if "
                  "pruning is enabled)"},
                 {RPCResult::Type::NUM, "prune_target_size",
                  "the target size used by pruning (only present if automatic "
                  "pruning is enabled)"},
                 {RPCResult::Type::OBJ_DYN,
                  "softforks",
                  "status of softforks. DEPRECATED: Only displayed if the "
                  "-deprecatedrpc=softforks "
                  "option is set",
                  {
                      {RPCResult::Type::OBJ,
                       "xxxx",
                       "name of the softfork",
                       {
                           {RPCResult::Type::STR, "type",
                            "one of \"buried\", \"bip9\""},
                           {RPCResult::Type::OBJ,
                            "bip9",
                            "status of bip9 softforks (only for \"bip9\" type)",
                            {
                                {RPCResult::Type::STR, "status",
                                 "one of \"defined\", \"started\", "
                                 "\"locked_in\", \"active\", \"failed\""},
                                {RPCResult::Type::NUM, "bit",
                                 "the bit (0-28) in the block version field "
                                 "used to signal this softfork (only for "
                                 "\"started\" status)"},
                                {RPCResult::Type::NUM_TIME, "start_time",
                                 "the minimum median time past of a block at "
                                 "which the bit gains its meaning"},
                                {RPCResult::Type::NUM_TIME, "timeout",
                                 "the median time past of a block at which the "
                                 "deployment is considered failed if not yet "
                                 "locked in"},
                                {RPCResult::Type::NUM, "since",
                                 "height of the first block to which the status "
                                 "applies"},
                                {RPCResult::Type::OBJ,
                                 "statistics",
                                 "numeric statistics about BIP9 signalling for "
                                 "a softfork",
                                 {
                                     {RPCResult::Type::NUM, "period",
                                      "the length in blocks of the BIP9 "
                                      "signalling period"},
                                     {RPCResult::Type::NUM, "threshold",
                                      "the number of blocks with the version "
                                      "bit set required to activate the "
                                      "feature"},
                                     {RPCResult::Type::NUM, "elapsed",
                                      "the number of blocks elapsed since the "
                                      "beginning of the current period"},
                                     {RPCResult::Type::NUM, "count",
                                      "the number of blocks with the version "
                                      "bit set in the current period"},
                                     {RPCResult::Type::BOOL, "possible",
                                      "returns false if there are not enough "
                                      "blocks left in this period to pass "
                                      "activation threshold"},
                                 }},
                            }},
                           {RPCResult::Type::NUM, "height",
                            "height of the first block which the rules are or "
                            "will be enforced (only for \"buried\" type, or "
                            "\"bip9\" type with \"active\" status)"},
                           {RPCResult::Type::BOOL, "active",
                            "true if the rules are enforced for the mempool and "
                            "the next block"},
                       }},
                  }},
                 {RPCResult::Type::STR, "warnings",
                  "any network and blockchain warnings"},
             }},
         RPCExamples{HelpExampleCli("getblockchaininfo", "") +
                     HelpExampleRpc("getblockchaininfo", "")},
         [&](const RPCHelpMan &self, const Config &config,
             const JSONRPCRequest &request) -> UniValue {
             const CChainParams &chainparams = config.GetChainParams();
 
             ChainstateManager &chainman = EnsureAnyChainman(request.context);
             LOCK(cs_main);
             Chainstate &active_chainstate = chainman.ActiveChainstate();
 
             const CBlockIndex &tip{
                 *CHECK_NONFATAL(active_chainstate.m_chain.Tip())};
             const int height{tip.nHeight};
 
             UniValue obj(UniValue::VOBJ);
             obj.pushKV("chain", chainparams.NetworkIDString());
             obj.pushKV("blocks", height);
             obj.pushKV("headers", chainman.m_best_header
                                       ? chainman.m_best_header->nHeight
                                       : -1);
             obj.pushKV("bestblockhash", tip.GetBlockHash().GetHex());
             obj.pushKV("difficulty", GetDifficulty(&tip));
             obj.pushKV("time", tip.GetBlockTime());
             obj.pushKV("mediantime", tip.GetMedianTimePast());
             obj.pushKV("verificationprogress",
                        GuessVerificationProgress(Params().TxData(), &tip));
             obj.pushKV("initialblockdownload",
                        active_chainstate.IsInitialBlockDownload());
             obj.pushKV("chainwork", tip.nChainWork.GetHex());
             obj.pushKV("size_on_disk",
                        chainman.m_blockman.CalculateCurrentUsage());
             obj.pushKV("pruned", node::fPruneMode);
 
             if (node::fPruneMode) {
                 obj.pushKV("pruneheight",
                            node::GetFirstStoredBlock(&tip)->nHeight);
 
                 // if 0, execution bypasses the whole if block.
                 bool automatic_pruning = (gArgs.GetIntArg("-prune", 0) != 1);
                 obj.pushKV("automatic_pruning", automatic_pruning);
                 if (automatic_pruning) {
                     obj.pushKV("prune_target_size", node::nPruneTarget);
                 }
             }
 
             // Deprecated in v0.27.0
             if (IsDeprecatedRPCEnabled(gArgs, "softforks")) {
                 // This field has been empty for a long while and the associated
                 // code has already been removed, as there is no plan to use
                 // BIP9 again.
                 UniValue softforks(UniValue::VOBJ);
                 obj.pushKV("softforks", softforks);
             }
 
             obj.pushKV("warnings", GetWarnings(false).original);
             return obj;
         },
     };
 }
 
 /** Comparison function for sorting the getchaintips heads.  */
 struct CompareBlocksByHeight {
     bool operator()(const CBlockIndex *a, const CBlockIndex *b) const {
         // Make sure that unequal blocks with the same height do not compare
         // equal. Use the pointers themselves to make a distinction.
         if (a->nHeight != b->nHeight) {
             return (a->nHeight > b->nHeight);
         }
 
         return a < b;
     }
 };
 
 static RPCHelpMan getchaintips() {
     return RPCHelpMan{
         "getchaintips",
         "Return information about all known tips in the block tree, including "
         "the main chain as well as orphaned branches.\n",
         {},
         RPCResult{
             RPCResult::Type::ARR,
             "",
             "",
             {{RPCResult::Type::OBJ,
               "",
               "",
               {
                   {RPCResult::Type::NUM, "height", "height of the chain tip"},
                   {RPCResult::Type::STR_HEX, "hash", "block hash of the tip"},
                   {RPCResult::Type::NUM, "branchlen",
                    "zero for main chain, otherwise length of branch connecting "
                    "the tip to the main chain"},
                   {RPCResult::Type::STR, "status",
                    "status of the chain, \"active\" for the main chain\n"
                    "Possible values for status:\n"
                    "1.  \"invalid\"               This branch contains at "
                    "least one invalid block\n"
                    "2.  \"parked\"                This branch contains at "
                    "least one parked block\n"
                    "3.  \"headers-only\"          Not all blocks for this "
                    "branch are available, but the headers are valid\n"
                    "4.  \"valid-headers\"         All blocks are available for "
                    "this branch, but they were never fully validated\n"
                    "5.  \"valid-fork\"            This branch is not part of "
                    "the active chain, but is fully validated\n"
                    "6.  \"active\"                This is the tip of the "
                    "active main chain, which is certainly valid"},
               }}}},
         RPCExamples{HelpExampleCli("getchaintips", "") +
                     HelpExampleRpc("getchaintips", "")},
         [&](const RPCHelpMan &self, const Config &config,
             const JSONRPCRequest &request) -> UniValue {
             ChainstateManager &chainman = EnsureAnyChainman(request.context);
             LOCK(cs_main);
             CChain &active_chain = chainman.ActiveChain();
 
             /**
              * Idea: The set of chain tips is the active chain tip, plus orphan
              * blocks which do not have another orphan building off of them.
              * Algorithm:
              *  - Make one pass through BlockIndex(), picking out the orphan
              * blocks, and also storing a set of the orphan block's pprev
              * pointers.
              *  - Iterate through the orphan blocks. If the block isn't pointed
              * to by another orphan, it is a chain tip.
              *  - Add the active chain tip
              */
             std::set<const CBlockIndex *, CompareBlocksByHeight> setTips;
             std::set<const CBlockIndex *> setOrphans;
             std::set<const CBlockIndex *> setPrevs;
 
             for (const auto &[_, block_index] : chainman.BlockIndex()) {
                 if (!active_chain.Contains(&block_index)) {
                     setOrphans.insert(&block_index);
                     setPrevs.insert(block_index.pprev);
                 }
             }
 
             for (std::set<const CBlockIndex *>::iterator it =
                      setOrphans.begin();
                  it != setOrphans.end(); ++it) {
                 if (setPrevs.erase(*it) == 0) {
                     setTips.insert(*it);
                 }
             }
 
             // Always report the currently active tip.
             setTips.insert(active_chain.Tip());
 
             /* Construct the output array.  */
             UniValue res(UniValue::VARR);
             for (const CBlockIndex *block : setTips) {
                 UniValue obj(UniValue::VOBJ);
                 obj.pushKV("height", block->nHeight);
                 obj.pushKV("hash", block->phashBlock->GetHex());
 
                 const int branchLen =
                     block->nHeight - active_chain.FindFork(block)->nHeight;
                 obj.pushKV("branchlen", branchLen);
 
                 std::string status;
                 if (active_chain.Contains(block)) {
                     // This block is part of the currently active chain.
                     status = "active";
                 } else if (block->nStatus.isInvalid()) {
                     // This block or one of its ancestors is invalid.
                     status = "invalid";
                 } else if (block->nStatus.isOnParkedChain()) {
                     // This block or one of its ancestors is parked.
                     status = "parked";
                 } else if (!block->HaveTxsDownloaded()) {
                     // This block cannot be connected because full block data
                     // for it or one of its parents is missing.
                     status = "headers-only";
                 } else if (block->IsValid(BlockValidity::SCRIPTS)) {
                     // This block is fully validated, but no longer part of the
                     // active chain. It was probably the active block once, but
                     // was reorganized.
                     status = "valid-fork";
                 } else if (block->IsValid(BlockValidity::TREE)) {
                     // The headers for this block are valid, but it has not been
                     // validated. It was probably never part of the most-work
                     // chain.
                     status = "valid-headers";
                 } else {
                     // No clue.
                     status = "unknown";
                 }
                 obj.pushKV("status", status);
 
                 res.push_back(obj);
             }
 
             return res;
         },
     };
 }
 
 UniValue MempoolInfoToJSON(const CTxMemPool &pool) {
     // Make sure this call is atomic in the pool.
     LOCK(pool.cs);
     UniValue ret(UniValue::VOBJ);
     ret.pushKV("loaded", pool.IsLoaded());
     ret.pushKV("size", (int64_t)pool.size());
     ret.pushKV("bytes", (int64_t)pool.GetTotalTxSize());
     ret.pushKV("usage", (int64_t)pool.DynamicMemoryUsage());
     ret.pushKV("total_fee", pool.GetTotalFee());
     size_t maxmempool =
         gArgs.GetIntArg("-maxmempool", DEFAULT_MAX_MEMPOOL_SIZE) * 1000000;
     ret.pushKV("maxmempool", (int64_t)maxmempool);
     ret.pushKV(
         "mempoolminfee",
         std::max(pool.GetMinFee(maxmempool), ::minRelayTxFee).GetFeePerK());
     ret.pushKV("minrelaytxfee", ::minRelayTxFee.GetFeePerK());
     ret.pushKV("unbroadcastcount", uint64_t{pool.GetUnbroadcastTxs().size()});
     return ret;
 }
 
 static RPCHelpMan getmempoolinfo() {
     const auto &ticker = Currency::get().ticker;
     return RPCHelpMan{
         "getmempoolinfo",
         "Returns details on the active state of the TX memory pool.\n",
         {},
         RPCResult{
             RPCResult::Type::OBJ,
             "",
             "",
             {
                 {RPCResult::Type::BOOL, "loaded",
                  "True if the mempool is fully loaded"},
                 {RPCResult::Type::NUM, "size", "Current tx count"},
                 {RPCResult::Type::NUM, "bytes", "Sum of all transaction sizes"},
                 {RPCResult::Type::NUM, "usage",
                  "Total memory usage for the mempool"},
                 {RPCResult::Type::NUM, "maxmempool",
                  "Maximum memory usage for the mempool"},
                 {RPCResult::Type::STR_AMOUNT, "total_fee",
                  "Total fees for the mempool in " + ticker +
                      ", ignoring modified fees through prioritizetransaction"},
                 {RPCResult::Type::STR_AMOUNT, "mempoolminfee",
                  "Minimum fee rate in " + ticker +
                      "/kB for tx to be accepted. Is the maximum of "
                      "minrelaytxfee and minimum mempool fee"},
                 {RPCResult::Type::STR_AMOUNT, "minrelaytxfee",
                  "Current minimum relay fee for transactions"},
                 {RPCResult::Type::NUM, "unbroadcastcount",
                  "Current number of transactions that haven't passed initial "
                  "broadcast yet"},
             }},
         RPCExamples{HelpExampleCli("getmempoolinfo", "") +
                     HelpExampleRpc("getmempoolinfo", "")},
         [&](const RPCHelpMan &self, const Config &config,
             const JSONRPCRequest &request) -> UniValue {
             return MempoolInfoToJSON(EnsureAnyMemPool(request.context));
         },
     };
 }
 
 static RPCHelpMan preciousblock() {
     return RPCHelpMan{
         "preciousblock",
         "Treats a block as if it were received before others with the same "
         "work.\n"
         "\nA later preciousblock call can override the effect of an earlier "
         "one.\n"
         "\nThe effects of preciousblock are not retained across restarts.\n",
         {
             {"blockhash", RPCArg::Type::STR_HEX, RPCArg::Optional::NO,
              "the hash of the block to mark as precious"},
         },
         RPCResult{RPCResult::Type::NONE, "", ""},
         RPCExamples{HelpExampleCli("preciousblock", "\"blockhash\"") +
                     HelpExampleRpc("preciousblock", "\"blockhash\"")},
         [&](const RPCHelpMan &self, const Config &config,
             const JSONRPCRequest &request) -> UniValue {
             BlockHash hash(ParseHashV(request.params[0], "blockhash"));
             CBlockIndex *pblockindex;
 
             ChainstateManager &chainman = EnsureAnyChainman(request.context);
             {
                 LOCK(cs_main);
                 pblockindex = chainman.m_blockman.LookupBlockIndex(hash);
                 if (!pblockindex) {
                     throw JSONRPCError(RPC_INVALID_ADDRESS_OR_KEY,
                                        "Block not found");
                 }
             }
 
             BlockValidationState state;
             chainman.ActiveChainstate().PreciousBlock(config, state,
                                                       pblockindex);
 
             if (!state.IsValid()) {
                 throw JSONRPCError(RPC_DATABASE_ERROR, state.GetRejectReason());
             }
 
             // Block to make sure wallet/indexers sync before returning
             SyncWithValidationInterfaceQueue();
 
             return NullUniValue;
         },
     };
 }
 
 static RPCHelpMan invalidateblock() {
     return RPCHelpMan{
         "invalidateblock",
         "Permanently marks a block as invalid, as if it violated a consensus "
         "rule.\n",
         {
             {"blockhash", RPCArg::Type::STR_HEX, RPCArg::Optional::NO,
              "the hash of the block to mark as invalid"},
         },
         RPCResult{RPCResult::Type::NONE, "", ""},
         RPCExamples{HelpExampleCli("invalidateblock", "\"blockhash\"") +
                     HelpExampleRpc("invalidateblock", "\"blockhash\"")},
         [&](const RPCHelpMan &self, const Config &config,
             const JSONRPCRequest &request) -> UniValue {
             const BlockHash hash(ParseHashV(request.params[0], "blockhash"));
             BlockValidationState state;
 
             ChainstateManager &chainman = EnsureAnyChainman(request.context);
             CBlockIndex *pblockindex;
             {
                 LOCK(cs_main);
                 pblockindex = chainman.m_blockman.LookupBlockIndex(hash);
                 if (!pblockindex) {
                     throw JSONRPCError(RPC_INVALID_ADDRESS_OR_KEY,
                                        "Block not found");
                 }
             }
             chainman.ActiveChainstate().InvalidateBlock(config, state,
                                                         pblockindex);
 
             if (state.IsValid()) {
                 chainman.ActiveChainstate().ActivateBestChain(config, state);
             }
 
             if (!state.IsValid()) {
                 throw JSONRPCError(RPC_DATABASE_ERROR, state.ToString());
             }
 
             // Block to make sure wallet/indexers sync before returning
             SyncWithValidationInterfaceQueue();
 
             return NullUniValue;
         },
     };
 }
 
 RPCHelpMan parkblock() {
     return RPCHelpMan{
         "parkblock",
         "Marks a block as parked.\n",
         {
             {"blockhash", RPCArg::Type::STR_HEX, RPCArg::Optional::NO,
              "the hash of the block to park"},
         },
         RPCResult{RPCResult::Type::NONE, "", ""},
         RPCExamples{HelpExampleCli("parkblock", "\"blockhash\"") +
                     HelpExampleRpc("parkblock", "\"blockhash\"")},
         [&](const RPCHelpMan &self, const Config &config,
             const JSONRPCRequest &request) -> UniValue {
             const std::string strHash = request.params[0].get_str();
             const BlockHash hash(uint256S(strHash));
             BlockValidationState state;
 
             ChainstateManager &chainman = EnsureAnyChainman(request.context);
             Chainstate &active_chainstate = chainman.ActiveChainstate();
             CBlockIndex *pblockindex = nullptr;
             {
                 LOCK(cs_main);
                 pblockindex = chainman.m_blockman.LookupBlockIndex(hash);
                 if (!pblockindex) {
                     throw JSONRPCError(RPC_INVALID_ADDRESS_OR_KEY,
                                        "Block not found");
                 }
 
                 if (active_chainstate.IsBlockAvalancheFinalized(pblockindex)) {
                     // Reset avalanche finalization if we park a finalized
                     // block.
                     active_chainstate.ClearAvalancheFinalizedBlock();
                 }
             }
 
             active_chainstate.ParkBlock(config, state, pblockindex);
 
             if (state.IsValid()) {
                 active_chainstate.ActivateBestChain(config, state);
             }
 
             if (!state.IsValid()) {
                 throw JSONRPCError(RPC_DATABASE_ERROR, state.GetRejectReason());
             }
 
             // Block to make sure wallet/indexers sync before returning
             SyncWithValidationInterfaceQueue();
 
             return NullUniValue;
         },
     };
 }
 
 static RPCHelpMan reconsiderblock() {
     return RPCHelpMan{
         "reconsiderblock",
         "Removes invalidity status of a block, its ancestors and its"
         "descendants, reconsider them for activation.\n"
         "This can be used to undo the effects of invalidateblock.\n",
         {
             {"blockhash", RPCArg::Type::STR_HEX, RPCArg::Optional::NO,
              "the hash of the block to reconsider"},
         },
         RPCResult{RPCResult::Type::NONE, "", ""},
         RPCExamples{HelpExampleCli("reconsiderblock", "\"blockhash\"") +
                     HelpExampleRpc("reconsiderblock", "\"blockhash\"")},
         [&](const RPCHelpMan &self, const Config &config,
             const JSONRPCRequest &request) -> UniValue {
             ChainstateManager &chainman = EnsureAnyChainman(request.context);
             const BlockHash hash(ParseHashV(request.params[0], "blockhash"));
 
             {
                 LOCK(cs_main);
                 CBlockIndex *pblockindex =
                     chainman.m_blockman.LookupBlockIndex(hash);
                 if (!pblockindex) {
                     throw JSONRPCError(RPC_INVALID_ADDRESS_OR_KEY,
                                        "Block not found");
                 }
 
                 chainman.ActiveChainstate().ResetBlockFailureFlags(pblockindex);
             }
 
             BlockValidationState state;
             chainman.ActiveChainstate().ActivateBestChain(config, state);
 
             if (!state.IsValid()) {
                 throw JSONRPCError(RPC_DATABASE_ERROR, state.ToString());
             }
 
             // Block to make sure wallet/indexers sync before returning
             SyncWithValidationInterfaceQueue();
 
             return NullUniValue;
         },
     };
 }
 
 RPCHelpMan unparkblock() {
     return RPCHelpMan{
         "unparkblock",
         "Removes parked status of a block and its descendants, reconsider "
         "them for activation.\n"
         "This can be used to undo the effects of parkblock.\n",
         {
             {"blockhash", RPCArg::Type::STR_HEX, RPCArg::Optional::NO,
              "the hash of the block to unpark"},
         },
         RPCResult{RPCResult::Type::NONE, "", ""},
         RPCExamples{HelpExampleCli("unparkblock", "\"blockhash\"") +
                     HelpExampleRpc("unparkblock", "\"blockhash\"")},
         [&](const RPCHelpMan &self, const Config &config,
             const JSONRPCRequest &request) -> UniValue {
             const std::string strHash = request.params[0].get_str();
             ChainstateManager &chainman = EnsureAnyChainman(request.context);
             const BlockHash hash(uint256S(strHash));
             Chainstate &active_chainstate = chainman.ActiveChainstate();
 
             {
                 LOCK(cs_main);
 
                 CBlockIndex *pblockindex =
                     chainman.m_blockman.LookupBlockIndex(hash);
                 if (!pblockindex) {
                     throw JSONRPCError(RPC_INVALID_ADDRESS_OR_KEY,
                                        "Block not found");
                 }
 
                 if (!pblockindex->nStatus.isOnParkedChain()) {
                     // Block to unpark is not parked so there is nothing to do.
                     return NullUniValue;
                 }
 
                 const CBlockIndex *tip = active_chainstate.m_chain.Tip();
                 if (tip) {
                     const CBlockIndex *ancestor =
                         LastCommonAncestor(tip, pblockindex);
                     if (active_chainstate.IsBlockAvalancheFinalized(ancestor)) {
                         // Only reset avalanche finalization if we unpark a
                         // block that might conflict with avalanche finalized
                         // blocks.
                         active_chainstate.ClearAvalancheFinalizedBlock();
                     }
                 }
 
                 active_chainstate.UnparkBlockAndChildren(pblockindex);
             }
 
             BlockValidationState state;
             active_chainstate.ActivateBestChain(config, state);
 
             if (!state.IsValid()) {
                 throw JSONRPCError(RPC_DATABASE_ERROR, state.GetRejectReason());
             }
 
             // Block to make sure wallet/indexers sync before returning
             SyncWithValidationInterfaceQueue();
 
             return NullUniValue;
         },
     };
 }
 
 static RPCHelpMan getchaintxstats() {
     return RPCHelpMan{
         "getchaintxstats",
         "Compute statistics about the total number and rate of transactions "
         "in the chain.\n",
         {
             {"nblocks", RPCArg::Type::NUM, /* default */ "one month",
              "Size of the window in number of blocks"},
             {"blockhash", RPCArg::Type::STR_HEX, /* default */ "chain tip",
              "The hash of the block that ends the window."},
         },
         RPCResult{RPCResult::Type::OBJ,
                   "",
                   "",
                   {
                       {RPCResult::Type::NUM_TIME, "time",
                        "The timestamp for the final block in the window, "
                        "expressed in " +
                            UNIX_EPOCH_TIME},
                       {RPCResult::Type::NUM, "txcount",
                        "The total number of transactions in the chain up to "
                        "that point"},
                       {RPCResult::Type::STR_HEX, "window_final_block_hash",
                        "The hash of the final block in the window"},
                       {RPCResult::Type::NUM, "window_final_block_height",
                        "The height of the final block in the window."},
                       {RPCResult::Type::NUM, "window_block_count",
                        "Size of the window in number of blocks"},
                       {RPCResult::Type::NUM, "window_tx_count",
                        "The number of transactions in the window. Only "
                        "returned if \"window_block_count\" is > 0"},
                       {RPCResult::Type::NUM, "window_interval",
                        "The elapsed time in the window in seconds. Only "
                        "returned if \"window_block_count\" is > 0"},
                       {RPCResult::Type::NUM, "txrate",
                        "The average rate of transactions per second in the "
                        "window. Only returned if \"window_interval\" is > 0"},
                   }},
         RPCExamples{HelpExampleCli("getchaintxstats", "") +
                     HelpExampleRpc("getchaintxstats", "2016")},
         [&](const RPCHelpMan &self, const Config &config,
             const JSONRPCRequest &request) -> UniValue {
             ChainstateManager &chainman = EnsureAnyChainman(request.context);
             const CBlockIndex *pindex;
 
             // By default: 1 month
             int blockcount =
                 30 * 24 * 60 * 60 /
                 config.GetChainParams().GetConsensus().nPowTargetSpacing;
 
             if (request.params[1].isNull()) {
                 LOCK(cs_main);
                 pindex = chainman.ActiveTip();
             } else {
                 BlockHash hash(ParseHashV(request.params[1], "blockhash"));
                 LOCK(cs_main);
                 pindex = chainman.m_blockman.LookupBlockIndex(hash);
                 if (!pindex) {
                     throw JSONRPCError(RPC_INVALID_ADDRESS_OR_KEY,
                                        "Block not found");
                 }
                 if (!chainman.ActiveChain().Contains(pindex)) {
                     throw JSONRPCError(RPC_INVALID_PARAMETER,
                                        "Block is not in main chain");
                 }
             }
 
             CHECK_NONFATAL(pindex != nullptr);
 
             if (request.params[0].isNull()) {
                 blockcount =
                     std::max(0, std::min(blockcount, pindex->nHeight - 1));
             } else {
                 blockcount = request.params[0].get_int();
 
                 if (blockcount < 0 ||
                     (blockcount > 0 && blockcount >= pindex->nHeight)) {
                     throw JSONRPCError(RPC_INVALID_PARAMETER,
                                        "Invalid block count: "
                                        "should be between 0 and "
                                        "the block's height - 1");
                 }
             }
 
             const CBlockIndex &past_block{*CHECK_NONFATAL(
                 pindex->GetAncestor(pindex->nHeight - blockcount))};
             const int64_t nTimeDiff{pindex->GetMedianTimePast() -
                                     past_block.GetMedianTimePast()};
             const int nTxDiff =
                 pindex->GetChainTxCount() - past_block.GetChainTxCount();
 
             UniValue ret(UniValue::VOBJ);
             ret.pushKV("time", pindex->GetBlockTime());
             ret.pushKV("txcount", pindex->GetChainTxCount());
             ret.pushKV("window_final_block_hash",
                        pindex->GetBlockHash().GetHex());
             ret.pushKV("window_final_block_height", pindex->nHeight);
             ret.pushKV("window_block_count", blockcount);
             if (blockcount > 0) {
                 ret.pushKV("window_tx_count", nTxDiff);
                 ret.pushKV("window_interval", nTimeDiff);
                 if (nTimeDiff > 0) {
                     ret.pushKV("txrate", double(nTxDiff) / nTimeDiff);
                 }
             }
 
             return ret;
         },
     };
 }
 
 template <typename T>
 static T CalculateTruncatedMedian(std::vector<T> &scores) {
     size_t size = scores.size();
     if (size == 0) {
         return T();
     }
 
     std::sort(scores.begin(), scores.end());
     if (size % 2 == 0) {
         return (scores[size / 2 - 1] + scores[size / 2]) / 2;
     } else {
         return scores[size / 2];
     }
 }
 
 template <typename T> static inline bool SetHasKeys(const std::set<T> &set) {
     return false;
 }
 template <typename T, typename Tk, typename... Args>
 static inline bool SetHasKeys(const std::set<T> &set, const Tk &key,
                               const Args &...args) {
     return (set.count(key) != 0) || SetHasKeys(set, args...);
 }
 
 // outpoint (needed for the utxo index) + nHeight + fCoinBase
 static constexpr size_t PER_UTXO_OVERHEAD =
     sizeof(COutPoint) + sizeof(uint32_t) + sizeof(bool);
 
 static RPCHelpMan getblockstats() {
     const auto &ticker = Currency::get().ticker;
     return RPCHelpMan{
         "getblockstats",
         "Compute per block statistics for a given window. All amounts are "
         "in " +
             ticker +
             ".\n"
             "It won't work for some heights with pruning.\n",
         {
             {"hash_or_height",
              RPCArg::Type::NUM,
              RPCArg::Optional::NO,
              "The block hash or height of the target block",
              "",
              {"", "string or numeric"}},
             {"stats",
              RPCArg::Type::ARR,
              /* default */ "all values",
              "Values to plot (see result below)",
              {
                  {"height", RPCArg::Type::STR, RPCArg::Optional::OMITTED,
                   "Selected statistic"},
                  {"time", RPCArg::Type::STR, RPCArg::Optional::OMITTED,
                   "Selected statistic"},
              },
              "stats"},
         },
         RPCResult{
             RPCResult::Type::OBJ,
             "",
             "",
             {
                 {RPCResult::Type::NUM, "avgfee", "Average fee in the block"},
                 {RPCResult::Type::NUM, "avgfeerate",
                  "Average feerate (in satoshis per virtual byte)"},
                 {RPCResult::Type::NUM, "avgtxsize", "Average transaction size"},
                 {RPCResult::Type::STR_HEX, "blockhash",
                  "The block hash (to check for potential reorgs)"},
                 {RPCResult::Type::NUM, "height", "The height of the block"},
                 {RPCResult::Type::NUM, "ins",
                  "The number of inputs (excluding coinbase)"},
                 {RPCResult::Type::NUM, "maxfee", "Maximum fee in the block"},
                 {RPCResult::Type::NUM, "maxfeerate",
                  "Maximum feerate (in satoshis per virtual byte)"},
                 {RPCResult::Type::NUM, "maxtxsize", "Maximum transaction size"},
                 {RPCResult::Type::NUM, "medianfee",
                  "Truncated median fee in the block"},
                 {RPCResult::Type::NUM, "medianfeerate",
                  "Truncated median feerate (in " + ticker + " per byte)"},
                 {RPCResult::Type::NUM, "mediantime",
                  "The block median time past"},
                 {RPCResult::Type::NUM, "mediantxsize",
                  "Truncated median transaction size"},
                 {RPCResult::Type::NUM, "minfee", "Minimum fee in the block"},
                 {RPCResult::Type::NUM, "minfeerate",
                  "Minimum feerate (in satoshis per virtual byte)"},
                 {RPCResult::Type::NUM, "mintxsize", "Minimum transaction size"},
                 {RPCResult::Type::NUM, "outs", "The number of outputs"},
                 {RPCResult::Type::NUM, "subsidy", "The block subsidy"},
                 {RPCResult::Type::NUM, "time", "The block time"},
                 {RPCResult::Type::NUM, "total_out",
                  "Total amount in all outputs (excluding coinbase and thus "
                  "reward [ie subsidy + totalfee])"},
                 {RPCResult::Type::NUM, "total_size",
                  "Total size of all non-coinbase transactions"},
                 {RPCResult::Type::NUM, "totalfee", "The fee total"},
                 {RPCResult::Type::NUM, "txs",
                  "The number of transactions (including coinbase)"},
                 {RPCResult::Type::NUM, "utxo_increase",
                  "The increase/decrease in the number of unspent outputs"},
                 {RPCResult::Type::NUM, "utxo_size_inc",
                  "The increase/decrease in size for the utxo index (not "
                  "discounting op_return and similar)"},
             }},
         RPCExamples{
             HelpExampleCli(
                 "getblockstats",
                 R"('"00000000c937983704a73af28acdec37b049d214adbda81d7e2a3dd146f6ed09"' '["minfeerate","avgfeerate"]')") +
             HelpExampleCli("getblockstats",
                            R"(1000 '["minfeerate","avgfeerate"]')") +
             HelpExampleRpc(
                 "getblockstats",
                 R"("00000000c937983704a73af28acdec37b049d214adbda81d7e2a3dd146f6ed09", ["minfeerate","avgfeerate"])") +
             HelpExampleRpc("getblockstats",
                            R"(1000, ["minfeerate","avgfeerate"])")},
         [&](const RPCHelpMan &self, const Config &config,
             const JSONRPCRequest &request) -> UniValue {
             ChainstateManager &chainman = EnsureAnyChainman(request.context);
             const CBlockIndex &pindex{*CHECK_NONFATAL(
                 ParseHashOrHeight(request.params[0], chainman))};
 
             std::set<std::string> stats;
             if (!request.params[1].isNull()) {
                 const UniValue stats_univalue = request.params[1].get_array();
                 for (unsigned int i = 0; i < stats_univalue.size(); i++) {
                     const std::string stat = stats_univalue[i].get_str();
                     stats.insert(stat);
                 }
             }
 
             const CBlock &block =
                 GetBlockChecked(config, chainman.m_blockman, &pindex);
             const CBlockUndo &blockUndo =
                 GetUndoChecked(chainman.m_blockman, &pindex);
 
             // Calculate everything if nothing selected (default)
             const bool do_all = stats.size() == 0;
             const bool do_mediantxsize =
                 do_all || stats.count("mediantxsize") != 0;
             const bool do_medianfee = do_all || stats.count("medianfee") != 0;
             const bool do_medianfeerate =
                 do_all || stats.count("medianfeerate") != 0;
             const bool loop_inputs =
                 do_all || do_medianfee || do_medianfeerate ||
                 SetHasKeys(stats, "utxo_size_inc", "totalfee", "avgfee",
                            "avgfeerate", "minfee", "maxfee", "minfeerate",
                            "maxfeerate");
             const bool loop_outputs =
                 do_all || loop_inputs || stats.count("total_out");
             const bool do_calculate_size =
                 do_mediantxsize || loop_inputs ||
                 SetHasKeys(stats, "total_size", "avgtxsize", "mintxsize",
                            "maxtxsize");
 
             const int64_t blockMaxSize = config.GetMaxBlockSize();
             Amount maxfee = Amount::zero();
             Amount maxfeerate = Amount::zero();
             Amount minfee = MAX_MONEY;
             Amount minfeerate = MAX_MONEY;
             Amount total_out = Amount::zero();
             Amount totalfee = Amount::zero();
             int64_t inputs = 0;
             int64_t maxtxsize = 0;
             int64_t mintxsize = blockMaxSize;
             int64_t outputs = 0;
             int64_t total_size = 0;
             int64_t utxo_size_inc = 0;
             std::vector<Amount> fee_array;
             std::vector<Amount> feerate_array;
             std::vector<int64_t> txsize_array;
 
             for (size_t i = 0; i < block.vtx.size(); ++i) {
                 const auto &tx = block.vtx.at(i);
                 outputs += tx->vout.size();
                 Amount tx_total_out = Amount::zero();
                 if (loop_outputs) {
                     for (const CTxOut &out : tx->vout) {
                         tx_total_out += out.nValue;
                         utxo_size_inc +=
                             GetSerializeSize(out, PROTOCOL_VERSION) +
                             PER_UTXO_OVERHEAD;
                     }
                 }
 
                 if (tx->IsCoinBase()) {
                     continue;
                 }
 
                 // Don't count coinbase's fake input
                 inputs += tx->vin.size();
                 // Don't count coinbase reward
                 total_out += tx_total_out;
 
                 int64_t tx_size = 0;
                 if (do_calculate_size) {
                     tx_size = tx->GetTotalSize();
                     if (do_mediantxsize) {
                         txsize_array.push_back(tx_size);
                     }
                     maxtxsize = std::max(maxtxsize, tx_size);
                     mintxsize = std::min(mintxsize, tx_size);
                     total_size += tx_size;
                 }
 
                 if (loop_inputs) {
                     Amount tx_total_in = Amount::zero();
                     const auto &txundo = blockUndo.vtxundo.at(i - 1);
                     for (const Coin &coin : txundo.vprevout) {
                         const CTxOut &prevoutput = coin.GetTxOut();
 
                         tx_total_in += prevoutput.nValue;
                         utxo_size_inc -=
                             GetSerializeSize(prevoutput, PROTOCOL_VERSION) +
                             PER_UTXO_OVERHEAD;
                     }
 
                     Amount txfee = tx_total_in - tx_total_out;
                     CHECK_NONFATAL(MoneyRange(txfee));
                     if (do_medianfee) {
                         fee_array.push_back(txfee);
                     }
                     maxfee = std::max(maxfee, txfee);
                     minfee = std::min(minfee, txfee);
                     totalfee += txfee;
 
                     Amount feerate = txfee / tx_size;
                     if (do_medianfeerate) {
                         feerate_array.push_back(feerate);
                     }
                     maxfeerate = std::max(maxfeerate, feerate);
                     minfeerate = std::min(minfeerate, feerate);
                 }
             }
 
             UniValue ret_all(UniValue::VOBJ);
             ret_all.pushKV("avgfee",
                            block.vtx.size() > 1
                                ? (totalfee / int((block.vtx.size() - 1)))
                                : Amount::zero());
             ret_all.pushKV("avgfeerate", total_size > 0
                                              ? (totalfee / total_size)
                                              : Amount::zero());
             ret_all.pushKV("avgtxsize",
                            (block.vtx.size() > 1)
                                ? total_size / (block.vtx.size() - 1)
                                : 0);
             ret_all.pushKV("blockhash", pindex.GetBlockHash().GetHex());
             ret_all.pushKV("height", (int64_t)pindex.nHeight);
             ret_all.pushKV("ins", inputs);
             ret_all.pushKV("maxfee", maxfee);
             ret_all.pushKV("maxfeerate", maxfeerate);
             ret_all.pushKV("maxtxsize", maxtxsize);
             ret_all.pushKV("medianfee", CalculateTruncatedMedian(fee_array));
             ret_all.pushKV("medianfeerate",
                            CalculateTruncatedMedian(feerate_array));
             ret_all.pushKV("mediantime", pindex.GetMedianTimePast());
             ret_all.pushKV("mediantxsize",
                            CalculateTruncatedMedian(txsize_array));
             ret_all.pushKV("minfee",
                            minfee == MAX_MONEY ? Amount::zero() : minfee);
             ret_all.pushKV("minfeerate", minfeerate == MAX_MONEY
                                              ? Amount::zero()
                                              : minfeerate);
             ret_all.pushKV("mintxsize",
                            mintxsize == blockMaxSize ? 0 : mintxsize);
             ret_all.pushKV("outs", outputs);
             ret_all.pushKV("subsidy", GetBlockSubsidy(pindex.nHeight,
                                                       Params().GetConsensus()));
             ret_all.pushKV("time", pindex.GetBlockTime());
             ret_all.pushKV("total_out", total_out);
             ret_all.pushKV("total_size", total_size);
             ret_all.pushKV("totalfee", totalfee);
             ret_all.pushKV("txs", (int64_t)block.vtx.size());
             ret_all.pushKV("utxo_increase", outputs - inputs);
             ret_all.pushKV("utxo_size_inc", utxo_size_inc);
 
             if (do_all) {
                 return ret_all;
             }
 
             UniValue ret(UniValue::VOBJ);
             for (const std::string &stat : stats) {
                 const UniValue &value = ret_all[stat];
                 if (value.isNull()) {
                     throw JSONRPCError(
                         RPC_INVALID_PARAMETER,
                         strprintf("Invalid selected statistic %s", stat));
                 }
                 ret.pushKV(stat, value);
             }
             return ret;
         },
     };
 }
 
 static RPCHelpMan savemempool() {
     return RPCHelpMan{
         "savemempool",
         "Dumps the mempool to disk. It will fail until the previous dump is "
         "fully loaded.\n",
         {},
         RPCResult{RPCResult::Type::OBJ,
                   "",
                   "",
                   {
                       {RPCResult::Type::STR, "filename",
                        "the directory and file where the mempool was saved"},
                   }},
         RPCExamples{HelpExampleCli("savemempool", "") +
                     HelpExampleRpc("savemempool", "")},
         [&](const RPCHelpMan &self, const Config &config,
             const JSONRPCRequest &request) -> UniValue {
             const CTxMemPool &mempool = EnsureAnyMemPool(request.context);
 
             const NodeContext &node = EnsureAnyNodeContext(request.context);
 
             if (!mempool.IsLoaded()) {
                 throw JSONRPCError(RPC_MISC_ERROR,
                                    "The mempool was not loaded yet");
             }
 
             if (!DumpMempool(mempool)) {
                 throw JSONRPCError(RPC_MISC_ERROR,
                                    "Unable to dump mempool to disk");
             }
 
             UniValue ret(UniValue::VOBJ);
             ret.pushKV("filename",
                        fs::path((node.args->GetDataDirNet() / "mempool.dat"))
                            .u8string());
 
             return ret;
         },
     };
 }
 
 namespace {
 //! Search for a given set of pubkey scripts
 static bool FindScriptPubKey(std::atomic<int> &scan_progress,
                              const std::atomic<bool> &should_abort,
                              int64_t &count, CCoinsViewCursor *cursor,
                              const std::set<CScript> &needles,
                              std::map<COutPoint, Coin> &out_results,
                              std::function<void()> &interruption_point) {
     scan_progress = 0;
     count = 0;
     while (cursor->Valid()) {
         COutPoint key;
         Coin coin;
         if (!cursor->GetKey(key) || !cursor->GetValue(coin)) {
             return false;
         }
         if (++count % 8192 == 0) {
             interruption_point();
             if (should_abort) {
                 // allow to abort the scan via the abort reference
                 return false;
             }
         }
         if (count % 256 == 0) {
             // update progress reference every 256 item
             const TxId &txid = key.GetTxId();
             uint32_t high = 0x100 * *txid.begin() + *(txid.begin() + 1);
             scan_progress = int(high * 100.0 / 65536.0 + 0.5);
         }
         if (needles.count(coin.GetTxOut().scriptPubKey)) {
             out_results.emplace(key, coin);
         }
         cursor->Next();
     }
     scan_progress = 100;
     return true;
 }
 } // namespace
 
 /** RAII object to prevent concurrency issue when scanning the txout set */
 static std::atomic<int> g_scan_progress;
 static std::atomic<bool> g_scan_in_progress;
 static std::atomic<bool> g_should_abort_scan;
 class CoinsViewScanReserver {
 private:
     bool m_could_reserve;
 
 public:
     explicit CoinsViewScanReserver() : m_could_reserve(false) {}
 
     bool reserve() {
         CHECK_NONFATAL(!m_could_reserve);
         if (g_scan_in_progress.exchange(true)) {
             return false;
         }
         m_could_reserve = true;
         return true;
     }
 
     ~CoinsViewScanReserver() {
         if (m_could_reserve) {
             g_scan_in_progress = false;
         }
     }
 };
 
 static RPCHelpMan scantxoutset() {
     const auto &ticker = Currency::get().ticker;
     return RPCHelpMan{
         "scantxoutset",
         "Scans the unspent transaction output set for entries that match "
         "certain output descriptors.\n"
         "Examples of output descriptors are:\n"
         "    addr(<address>)                      Outputs whose scriptPubKey "
         "corresponds to the specified address (does not include P2PK)\n"
         "    raw(<hex script>)                    Outputs whose scriptPubKey "
         "equals the specified hex scripts\n"
         "    combo(<pubkey>)                      P2PK and P2PKH outputs for "
         "the given pubkey\n"
         "    pkh(<pubkey>)                        P2PKH outputs for the given "
         "pubkey\n"
         "    sh(multi(<n>,<pubkey>,<pubkey>,...)) P2SH-multisig outputs for "
         "the given threshold and pubkeys\n"
         "\nIn the above, <pubkey> either refers to a fixed public key in "
         "hexadecimal notation, or to an xpub/xprv optionally followed by one\n"
         "or more path elements separated by \"/\", and optionally ending in "
         "\"/*\" (unhardened), or \"/*'\" or \"/*h\" (hardened) to specify all\n"
         "unhardened or hardened child keys.\n"
         "In the latter case, a range needs to be specified by below if "
         "different from 1000.\n"
         "For more information on output descriptors, see the documentation in "
         "the doc/descriptors.md file.\n",
         {
             {"action", RPCArg::Type::STR, RPCArg::Optional::NO,
              "The action to execute\n"
              "                                      \"start\" for starting a "
              "scan\n"
              "                                      \"abort\" for aborting the "
              "current scan (returns true when abort was successful)\n"
              "                                      \"status\" for "
              "progress report (in %) of the current scan"},
             {"scanobjects",
              RPCArg::Type::ARR,
              RPCArg::Optional::OMITTED,
              "Array of scan objects. Required for \"start\" action\n"
              "                                  Every scan object is either a "
              "string descriptor or an object:",
              {
                  {"descriptor", RPCArg::Type::STR, RPCArg::Optional::OMITTED,
                   "An output descriptor"},
                  {
                      "",
                      RPCArg::Type::OBJ,
                      RPCArg::Optional::OMITTED,
                      "An object with output descriptor and metadata",
                      {
                          {"desc", RPCArg::Type::STR, RPCArg::Optional::NO,
                           "An output descriptor"},
                          {"range", RPCArg::Type::RANGE, /* default */ "1000",
                           "The range of HD chain indexes to explore (either "
                           "end or [begin,end])"},
                      },
                  },
              },
              "[scanobjects,...]"},
         },
         {
             RPCResult{"When action=='abort'", RPCResult::Type::BOOL, "", ""},
             RPCResult{"When action=='status' and no scan is in progress",
                       RPCResult::Type::NONE, "", ""},
             RPCResult{
                 "When action=='status' and scan is in progress",
                 RPCResult::Type::OBJ,
                 "",
                 "",
                 {
                     {RPCResult::Type::NUM, "progress", "The scan progress"},
                 }},
             RPCResult{
                 "When action=='start'",
                 RPCResult::Type::OBJ,
                 "",
                 "",
                 {
                     {RPCResult::Type::BOOL, "success",
                      "Whether the scan was completed"},
                     {RPCResult::Type::NUM, "txouts",
                      "The number of unspent transaction outputs scanned"},
                     {RPCResult::Type::NUM, "height",
                      "The current block height (index)"},
                     {RPCResult::Type::STR_HEX, "bestblock",
                      "The hash of the block at the tip of the chain"},
                     {RPCResult::Type::ARR,
                      "unspents",
                      "",
                      {
                          {RPCResult::Type::OBJ,
                           "",
                           "",
                           {
                               {RPCResult::Type::STR_HEX, "txid",
                                "The transaction id"},
                               {RPCResult::Type::NUM, "vout", "The vout value"},
                               {RPCResult::Type::STR_HEX, "scriptPubKey",
                                "The script key"},
                               {RPCResult::Type::STR, "desc",
                                "A specialized descriptor for the matched "
                                "scriptPubKey"},
                               {RPCResult::Type::STR_AMOUNT, "amount",
                                "The total amount in " + ticker +
                                    " of the unspent output"},
                               {RPCResult::Type::NUM, "height",
                                "Height of the unspent transaction output"},
                           }},
                      }},
                     {RPCResult::Type::STR_AMOUNT, "total_amount",
                      "The total amount of all found unspent outputs in " +
                          ticker},
                 }},
         },
         RPCExamples{""},
         [&](const RPCHelpMan &self, const Config &config,
             const JSONRPCRequest &request) -> UniValue {
             RPCTypeCheck(request.params, {UniValue::VSTR, UniValue::VARR});
 
             UniValue result(UniValue::VOBJ);
             if (request.params[0].get_str() == "status") {
                 CoinsViewScanReserver reserver;
                 if (reserver.reserve()) {
                     // no scan in progress
                     return NullUniValue;
                 }
                 result.pushKV("progress", g_scan_progress.load());
                 return result;
             } else if (request.params[0].get_str() == "abort") {
                 CoinsViewScanReserver reserver;
                 if (reserver.reserve()) {
                     // reserve was possible which means no scan was running
                     return false;
                 }
                 // set the abort flag
                 g_should_abort_scan = true;
                 return true;
             } else if (request.params[0].get_str() == "start") {
                 CoinsViewScanReserver reserver;
                 if (!reserver.reserve()) {
                     throw JSONRPCError(RPC_INVALID_PARAMETER,
                                        "Scan already in progress, use action "
                                        "\"abort\" or \"status\"");
                 }
 
                 if (request.params.size() < 2) {
                     throw JSONRPCError(RPC_MISC_ERROR,
                                        "scanobjects argument is required for "
                                        "the start action");
                 }
 
                 std::set<CScript> needles;
                 std::map<CScript, std::string> descriptors;
                 Amount total_in = Amount::zero();
 
                 // loop through the scan objects
                 for (const UniValue &scanobject :
                      request.params[1].get_array().getValues()) {
                     FlatSigningProvider provider;
                     auto scripts =
                         EvalDescriptorStringOrObject(scanobject, provider);
                     for (const auto &script : scripts) {
                         std::string inferred =
                             InferDescriptor(script, provider)->ToString();
                         needles.emplace(script);
                         descriptors.emplace(std::move(script),
                                             std::move(inferred));
                     }
                 }
 
                 // Scan the unspent transaction output set for inputs
                 UniValue unspents(UniValue::VARR);
                 std::vector<CTxOut> input_txos;
                 std::map<COutPoint, Coin> coins;
                 g_should_abort_scan = false;
                 g_scan_progress = 0;
                 int64_t count = 0;
                 std::unique_ptr<CCoinsViewCursor> pcursor;
                 const CBlockIndex *tip;
                 NodeContext &node = EnsureAnyNodeContext(request.context);
                 {
                     ChainstateManager &chainman = EnsureChainman(node);
                     LOCK(cs_main);
                     Chainstate &active_chainstate = chainman.ActiveChainstate();
                     active_chainstate.ForceFlushStateToDisk();
                     pcursor = CHECK_NONFATAL(std::unique_ptr<CCoinsViewCursor>(
                         active_chainstate.CoinsDB().Cursor()));
                     tip = CHECK_NONFATAL(active_chainstate.m_chain.Tip());
                 }
                 bool res = FindScriptPubKey(
                     g_scan_progress, g_should_abort_scan, count, pcursor.get(),
                     needles, coins, node.rpc_interruption_point);
                 result.pushKV("success", res);
                 result.pushKV("txouts", count);
                 result.pushKV("height", tip->nHeight);
                 result.pushKV("bestblock", tip->GetBlockHash().GetHex());
 
                 for (const auto &it : coins) {
                     const COutPoint &outpoint = it.first;
                     const Coin &coin = it.second;
                     const CTxOut &txo = coin.GetTxOut();
                     input_txos.push_back(txo);
                     total_in += txo.nValue;
 
                     UniValue unspent(UniValue::VOBJ);
                     unspent.pushKV("txid", outpoint.GetTxId().GetHex());
                     unspent.pushKV("vout", int32_t(outpoint.GetN()));
                     unspent.pushKV("scriptPubKey", HexStr(txo.scriptPubKey));
                     unspent.pushKV("desc", descriptors[txo.scriptPubKey]);
                     unspent.pushKV("amount", txo.nValue);
                     unspent.pushKV("height", int32_t(coin.GetHeight()));
 
                     unspents.push_back(unspent);
                 }
                 result.pushKV("unspents", unspents);
                 result.pushKV("total_amount", total_in);
             } else {
                 throw JSONRPCError(RPC_INVALID_PARAMETER, "Invalid command");
             }
             return result;
         },
     };
 }
 
 static RPCHelpMan getblockfilter() {
     return RPCHelpMan{
         "getblockfilter",
         "Retrieve a BIP 157 content filter for a particular block.\n",
         {
             {"blockhash", RPCArg::Type::STR_HEX, RPCArg::Optional::NO,
              "The hash of the block"},
             {"filtertype", RPCArg::Type::STR, /*default*/ "basic",
              "The type name of the filter"},
         },
         RPCResult{RPCResult::Type::OBJ,
                   "",
                   "",
                   {
                       {RPCResult::Type::STR_HEX, "filter",
                        "the hex-encoded filter data"},
                       {RPCResult::Type::STR_HEX, "header",
                        "the hex-encoded filter header"},
                   }},
         RPCExamples{
             HelpExampleCli("getblockfilter",
                            "\"00000000c937983704a73af28acdec37b049d214a"
                            "dbda81d7e2a3dd146f6ed09\" \"basic\"") +
             HelpExampleRpc("getblockfilter",
                            "\"00000000c937983704a73af28acdec37b049d214adbda81d7"
                            "e2a3dd146f6ed09\", \"basic\"")},
         [&](const RPCHelpMan &self, const Config &config,
             const JSONRPCRequest &request) -> UniValue {
             const BlockHash block_hash(
                 ParseHashV(request.params[0], "blockhash"));
             std::string filtertype_name = "basic";
             if (!request.params[1].isNull()) {
                 filtertype_name = request.params[1].get_str();
             }
 
             BlockFilterType filtertype;
             if (!BlockFilterTypeByName(filtertype_name, filtertype)) {
                 throw JSONRPCError(RPC_INVALID_ADDRESS_OR_KEY,
                                    "Unknown filtertype");
             }
 
             BlockFilterIndex *index = GetBlockFilterIndex(filtertype);
             if (!index) {
                 throw JSONRPCError(RPC_MISC_ERROR,
                                    "Index is not enabled for filtertype " +
                                        filtertype_name);
             }
 
             const CBlockIndex *block_index;
             bool block_was_connected;
             {
                 ChainstateManager &chainman =
                     EnsureAnyChainman(request.context);
                 LOCK(cs_main);
                 block_index = chainman.m_blockman.LookupBlockIndex(block_hash);
                 if (!block_index) {
                     throw JSONRPCError(RPC_INVALID_ADDRESS_OR_KEY,
                                        "Block not found");
                 }
                 block_was_connected =
                     block_index->IsValid(BlockValidity::SCRIPTS);
             }
 
             bool index_ready = index->BlockUntilSyncedToCurrentChain();
 
             BlockFilter filter;
             uint256 filter_header;
             if (!index->LookupFilter(block_index, filter) ||
                 !index->LookupFilterHeader(block_index, filter_header)) {
                 int err_code;
                 std::string errmsg = "Filter not found.";
 
                 if (!block_was_connected) {
                     err_code = RPC_INVALID_ADDRESS_OR_KEY;
                     errmsg += " Block was not connected to active chain.";
                 } else if (!index_ready) {
                     err_code = RPC_MISC_ERROR;
                     errmsg += " Block filters are still in the process of "
                               "being indexed.";
                 } else {
                     err_code = RPC_INTERNAL_ERROR;
                     errmsg += " This error is unexpected and indicates index "
                               "corruption.";
                 }
 
                 throw JSONRPCError(err_code, errmsg);
             }
 
             UniValue ret(UniValue::VOBJ);
             ret.pushKV("filter", HexStr(filter.GetEncodedFilter()));
             ret.pushKV("header", filter_header.GetHex());
             return ret;
         },
     };
 }
 
 /**
  * Serialize the UTXO set to a file for loading elsewhere.
  *
  * @see SnapshotMetadata
  */
 static RPCHelpMan dumptxoutset() {
     return RPCHelpMan{
         "dumptxoutset",
         "Write the serialized UTXO set to disk.\n",
         {
             {"path", RPCArg::Type::STR, RPCArg::Optional::NO,
              "path to the output file. If relative, will be prefixed by "
              "datadir."},
         },
         RPCResult{RPCResult::Type::OBJ,
                   "",
                   "",
                   {
                       {RPCResult::Type::NUM, "coins_written",
                        "the number of coins written in the snapshot"},
                       {RPCResult::Type::STR_HEX, "base_hash",
                        "the hash of the base of the snapshot"},
                       {RPCResult::Type::NUM, "base_height",
                        "the height of the base of the snapshot"},
                       {RPCResult::Type::STR, "path",
                        "the absolute path that the snapshot was written to"},
                   }},
         RPCExamples{HelpExampleCli("dumptxoutset", "utxo.dat")},
         [&](const RPCHelpMan &self, const Config &config,
             const JSONRPCRequest &request) -> UniValue {
             const fs::path path = fsbridge::AbsPathJoin(
                 gArgs.GetDataDirNet(), fs::u8path(request.params[0].get_str()));
             // Write to a temporary path and then move into `path` on completion
             // to avoid confusion due to an interruption.
             const fs::path temppath = fsbridge::AbsPathJoin(
                 gArgs.GetDataDirNet(),
                 fs::u8path(request.params[0].get_str() + ".incomplete"));
 
             if (fs::exists(path)) {
                 throw JSONRPCError(RPC_INVALID_PARAMETER,
                                    path.u8string() +
                                        " already exists. If you are sure this "
                                        "is what you want, "
                                        "move it out of the way first");
             }
 
             FILE *file{fsbridge::fopen(temppath, "wb")};
             CAutoFile afile{file, SER_DISK, CLIENT_VERSION};
             NodeContext &node = EnsureAnyNodeContext(request.context);
             UniValue result = CreateUTXOSnapshot(
                 node, node.chainman->ActiveChainstate(), afile);
             fs::rename(temppath, path);
 
             result.pushKV("path", path.u8string());
             return result;
         },
     };
 }
 
 UniValue CreateUTXOSnapshot(NodeContext &node, Chainstate &chainstate,
                             CAutoFile &afile) {
     std::unique_ptr<CCoinsViewCursor> pcursor;
     CCoinsStats stats{CoinStatsHashType::NONE};
     const CBlockIndex *tip;
 
     {
         // We need to lock cs_main to ensure that the coinsdb isn't
         // written to between (i) flushing coins cache to disk
         // (coinsdb), (ii) getting stats based upon the coinsdb, and
         // (iii) constructing a cursor to the coinsdb for use below this
         // block.
         //
         // Cursors returned by leveldb iterate over snapshots, so the
         // contents of the pcursor will not be affected by simultaneous
         // writes during use below this block.
         //
         // See discussion here:
         //   https://github.com/bitcoin/bitcoin/pull/15606#discussion_r274479369
         //
         LOCK(::cs_main);
 
         chainstate.ForceFlushStateToDisk();
 
         if (!GetUTXOStats(&chainstate.CoinsDB(), chainstate.m_blockman, stats,
                           node.rpc_interruption_point)) {
             throw JSONRPCError(RPC_INTERNAL_ERROR, "Unable to read UTXO set");
         }
 
         pcursor =
             std::unique_ptr<CCoinsViewCursor>(chainstate.CoinsDB().Cursor());
         tip = CHECK_NONFATAL(
             chainstate.m_blockman.LookupBlockIndex(stats.hashBlock));
     }
 
     SnapshotMetadata metadata{tip->GetBlockHash(), stats.coins_count,
                               uint64_t(tip->GetChainTxCount())};
 
     afile << metadata;
 
     COutPoint key;
     Coin coin;
     unsigned int iter{0};
 
     while (pcursor->Valid()) {
         if (iter % 5000 == 0) {
             node.rpc_interruption_point();
         }
         ++iter;
         if (pcursor->GetKey(key) && pcursor->GetValue(coin)) {
             afile << key;
             afile << coin;
         }
 
         pcursor->Next();
     }
 
     afile.fclose();
 
     UniValue result(UniValue::VOBJ);
     result.pushKV("coins_written", stats.coins_count);
     result.pushKV("base_hash", tip->GetBlockHash().ToString());
     result.pushKV("base_height", tip->nHeight);
     return result;
 }
 
 void RegisterBlockchainRPCCommands(CRPCTable &t) {
     // clang-format off
     static const CRPCCommand commands[] = {
         //  category            actor (function)
         //  ------------------  ----------------------
         { "blockchain",         getbestblockhash,                  },
         { "blockchain",         getblock,                          },
         { "blockchain",         getblockfrompeer,                  },
         { "blockchain",         getblockchaininfo,                 },
         { "blockchain",         getblockcount,                     },
         { "blockchain",         getblockhash,                      },
         { "blockchain",         getblockheader,                    },
         { "blockchain",         getblockstats,                     },
         { "blockchain",         getchaintips,                      },
         { "blockchain",         getchaintxstats,                   },
         { "blockchain",         getdifficulty,                     },
         { "blockchain",         getmempoolancestors,               },
         { "blockchain",         getmempooldescendants,             },
         { "blockchain",         getmempoolentry,                   },
         { "blockchain",         getmempoolinfo,                    },
         { "blockchain",         getrawmempool,                     },
         { "blockchain",         gettxout,                          },
         { "blockchain",         gettxoutsetinfo,                   },
         { "blockchain",         pruneblockchain,                   },
         { "blockchain",         savemempool,                       },
         { "blockchain",         verifychain,                       },
         { "blockchain",         preciousblock,                     },
         { "blockchain",         scantxoutset,                      },
         { "blockchain",         getblockfilter,                    },
 
         /* Not shown in help */
         { "hidden",             invalidateblock,                   },
         { "hidden",             parkblock,                         },
         { "hidden",             reconsiderblock,                   },
         { "hidden",             syncwithvalidationinterfacequeue,  },
         { "hidden",             dumptxoutset,                      },
         { "hidden",             unparkblock,                       },
         { "hidden",             waitfornewblock,                   },
         { "hidden",             waitforblock,                      },
         { "hidden",             waitforblockheight,                },
     };
     // clang-format on
     for (const auto &c : commands) {
         t.appendCommand(c.name, &c);
     }
 }
diff --git a/test/functional/feature_coinstatsindex.py b/test/functional/feature_coinstatsindex.py
index 1b2062e2f..d154e0fc1 100755
--- a/test/functional/feature_coinstatsindex.py
+++ b/test/functional/feature_coinstatsindex.py
@@ -1,394 +1,341 @@
 #!/usr/bin/env python3
 # Copyright (c) 2020 The Bitcoin Core developers
 # Distributed under the MIT software license, see the accompanying
 # file COPYING or http://www.opensource.org/licenses/mit-license.php.
 """Test coinstatsindex across nodes.
 
 Test that the values returned by gettxoutsetinfo are consistent
 between a node running the coinstatsindex and a node without
 the index.
 """
 
 from decimal import Decimal
 
 from test_framework.blocktools import create_block, create_coinbase
 from test_framework.messages import XEC, CTxOut, ToHex
 from test_framework.script import OP_FALSE, OP_RETURN, CScript
 from test_framework.test_framework import BitcoinTestFramework
-from test_framework.util import assert_equal, assert_raises_rpc_error, try_rpc
+from test_framework.util import assert_equal, assert_raises_rpc_error
 from test_framework.wallet import MiniWallet, getnewdestination
 
 
 class CoinStatsIndexTest(BitcoinTestFramework):
     def set_test_params(self):
         self.setup_clean_chain = True
         self.num_nodes = 2
         self.supports_cli = False
         self.extra_args = [
             [
                 "-automaticunparking=1",
             ],
             [
                 "-coinstatsindex",
             ],
         ]
 
     def run_test(self):
         self.wallet = MiniWallet(self.nodes[0])
         self._test_coin_stats_index()
         self._test_use_index_option()
         self._test_reorg_index()
         self._test_index_rejects_hash_serialized()
 
     def block_sanity_check(self, block_info):
         block_subsidy = 50_000_000
         assert_equal(
             block_info["prevout_spent"] + block_subsidy,
             block_info["new_outputs_ex_coinbase"]
             + block_info["coinbase"]
             + block_info["unspendable"],
         )
 
     def _test_coin_stats_index(self):
         node = self.nodes[0]
         index_node = self.nodes[1]
         # Both none and muhash options allow the usage of the index
         index_hash_options = ["none", "muhash"]
 
         # Generate a normal transaction and mine it
         self.generate(self.wallet, 101)
         self.wallet.send_self_transfer(from_node=node)
         self.generate(node, 1)
 
         self.log.info(
             "Test that gettxoutsetinfo() output is consistent with or without"
             " coinstatsindex option"
         )
-        self.wait_until(
-            lambda: not try_rpc(-32603, "Unable to read UTXO set", node.gettxoutsetinfo)
-        )
         res0 = node.gettxoutsetinfo("none")
 
         # The fields 'disk_size' and 'transactions' do not exist on the index
         del res0["disk_size"], res0["transactions"]
 
-        self.wait_until(
-            lambda: not try_rpc(
-                -32603, "Unable to read UTXO set", index_node.gettxoutsetinfo, "muhash"
-            )
-        )
         for hash_option in index_hash_options:
             res1 = index_node.gettxoutsetinfo(hash_option)
             # The fields 'block_info' and 'total_unspendable_amount' only exist
             # on the index
             del res1["block_info"], res1["total_unspendable_amount"]
             res1.pop("muhash", None)
 
             # Everything left should be the same
             assert_equal(res1, res0)
 
         self.log.info(
             "Test that gettxoutsetinfo() can get fetch data on specific "
             "heights with index"
         )
 
         # Generate a new tip
         self.generate(node, 5)
 
-        self.wait_until(
-            lambda: not try_rpc(
-                -32603, "Unable to read UTXO set", index_node.gettxoutsetinfo, "muhash"
-            )
-        )
         for hash_option in index_hash_options:
             # Fetch old stats by height
             res2 = index_node.gettxoutsetinfo(hash_option, 102)
             del res2["block_info"], res2["total_unspendable_amount"]
             res2.pop("muhash", None)
             assert_equal(res0, res2)
 
             # Fetch old stats by hash
             res3 = index_node.gettxoutsetinfo(hash_option, res0["bestblock"])
             del res3["block_info"], res3["total_unspendable_amount"]
             res3.pop("muhash", None)
             assert_equal(res0, res3)
 
             # It does not work without coinstatsindex
             assert_raises_rpc_error(
                 -8,
                 "Querying specific block heights requires coinstatsindex",
                 node.gettxoutsetinfo,
                 hash_option,
                 102,
             )
 
         self.log.info("Test gettxoutsetinfo() with index and verbose flag")
 
         for hash_option in index_hash_options:
             # Genesis block is unspendable
             res4 = index_node.gettxoutsetinfo(hash_option, 0)
             assert_equal(res4["total_unspendable_amount"], 50_000_000)
             assert_equal(
                 res4["block_info"],
                 {
                     "unspendable": 50_000_000,
                     "prevout_spent": 0,
                     "new_outputs_ex_coinbase": 0,
                     "coinbase": 0,
                     "unspendables": {
                         "genesis_block": 50_000_000,
                         "bip30": 0,
                         "scripts": 0,
                         "unclaimed_rewards": 0,
                     },
                 },
             )
             self.block_sanity_check(res4["block_info"])
 
             # Test an older block height that included a normal tx
             res5 = index_node.gettxoutsetinfo(hash_option, 102)
             assert_equal(res5["total_unspendable_amount"], 50_000_000)
             assert_equal(
                 res5["block_info"],
                 {
                     "unspendable": 0,
                     "prevout_spent": 50_000_000,
                     "new_outputs_ex_coinbase": Decimal("49999700.00"),
                     "coinbase": Decimal("50000300.00"),
                     "unspendables": {
                         "genesis_block": 0,
                         "bip30": 0,
                         "scripts": 0,
                         "unclaimed_rewards": 0,
                     },
                 },
             )
             self.block_sanity_check(res5["block_info"])
 
         # Generate and send a normal tx with two outputs
         tx1_txid, tx1_vout = self.wallet.send_to(
             from_node=node,
             scriptPubKey=self.wallet.get_scriptPubKey(),
             amount=21_000_000 * XEC,
         )
 
         # Find the right position of the 21 MegXEC output
         tx1_out_21 = self.wallet.get_utxo(txid=tx1_txid, vout=tx1_vout)
 
         # Generate and send another tx with an OP_RETURN output (which is
         # unspendable)
         tx2 = self.wallet.create_self_transfer(
             from_node=self.nodes[0], utxo_to_spend=tx1_out_21
         )["tx"]
         tx2.vout = [
             CTxOut(int(20_990_000 * XEC), CScript([OP_RETURN] + [OP_FALSE] * 50))
         ]
         tx2_hex = tx2.serialize().hex()
         self.nodes[0].sendrawtransaction(tx2_hex)
 
         # Include both txs in a block
         self.generate(self.nodes[0], 1)
 
-        self.wait_until(
-            lambda: not try_rpc(
-                -32603, "Unable to read UTXO set", index_node.gettxoutsetinfo, "muhash"
-            )
-        )
         for hash_option in index_hash_options:
             # Check all amounts were registered correctly
             res6 = index_node.gettxoutsetinfo(hash_option, 108)
             assert_equal(res6["total_unspendable_amount"], Decimal("70990000.00"))
             assert_equal(
                 res6["block_info"],
                 {
                     "unspendable": Decimal("20990000.00"),
                     "prevout_spent": 71_000_000,
                     "new_outputs_ex_coinbase": Decimal("49999990.00"),
                     "coinbase": Decimal("50010010.00"),
                     "unspendables": {
                         "genesis_block": 0,
                         "bip30": 0,
                         "scripts": Decimal("20990000.00"),
                         "unclaimed_rewards": 0,
                     },
                 },
             )
             self.block_sanity_check(res6["block_info"])
 
         # Create a coinbase that does not claim full subsidy and also
         # has two outputs
         cb = create_coinbase(109, nValue=35_000_000)
         cb.vout.append(CTxOut(5_000_000 * XEC, CScript([OP_FALSE])))
         cb.rehash()
 
         # Generate a block that includes previous coinbase
         tip = self.nodes[0].getbestblockhash()
         block_time = self.nodes[0].getblock(tip)["time"] + 1
         block = create_block(int(tip, 16), cb, block_time)
         block.solve()
         self.nodes[0].submitblock(ToHex(block))
         self.sync_all()
 
-        self.wait_until(
-            lambda: not try_rpc(
-                -32603, "Unable to read UTXO set", index_node.gettxoutsetinfo, "muhash"
-            )
-        )
         for hash_option in index_hash_options:
             res7 = index_node.gettxoutsetinfo(hash_option, 109)
             assert_equal(res7["total_unspendable_amount"], Decimal("80990000.00"))
             assert_equal(
                 res7["block_info"],
                 {
                     "unspendable": 10_000_000,
                     "prevout_spent": 0,
                     "new_outputs_ex_coinbase": 0,
                     "coinbase": 40_000_000,
                     "unspendables": {
                         "genesis_block": 0,
                         "bip30": 0,
                         "scripts": 0,
                         "unclaimed_rewards": 10_000_000,
                     },
                 },
             )
             self.block_sanity_check(res7["block_info"])
 
         self.log.info("Test that the index is robust across restarts")
 
         res8 = index_node.gettxoutsetinfo("muhash")
         self.restart_node(1, extra_args=self.extra_args[1])
         res9 = index_node.gettxoutsetinfo("muhash")
         assert_equal(res8, res9)
 
         self.generate(index_node, 1, sync_fun=self.no_op)
-        self.wait_until(
-            lambda: not try_rpc(
-                -32603, "Unable to read UTXO set", index_node.gettxoutsetinfo, "muhash"
-            )
-        )
         res10 = index_node.gettxoutsetinfo("muhash")
         assert res8["txouts"] < res10["txouts"]
 
     def _test_use_index_option(self):
         self.log.info("Test use_index option for nodes running the index")
 
         self.connect_nodes(0, 1)
         self.nodes[0].waitforblockheight(110)
         res = self.nodes[0].gettxoutsetinfo("muhash")
         option_res = self.nodes[1].gettxoutsetinfo(
             hash_type="muhash", hash_or_height=None, use_index=False
         )
         del res["disk_size"], option_res["disk_size"]
         assert_equal(res, option_res)
 
     def _test_reorg_index(self):
         self.log.info("Test that index can handle reorgs")
 
         # Generate two block, let the index catch up, then invalidate the
         # blocks
         index_node = self.nodes[1]
         reorg_blocks = self.generatetoaddress(index_node, 2, getnewdestination()[2])
         reorg_block = reorg_blocks[1]
-        self.wait_until(
-            lambda: not try_rpc(
-                -32603, "Unable to read UTXO set", index_node.gettxoutsetinfo, "muhash"
-            )
-        )
         res_invalid = index_node.gettxoutsetinfo("muhash")
         index_node.invalidateblock(reorg_blocks[0])
         assert_equal(index_node.gettxoutsetinfo("muhash")["height"], 110)
 
         # Add two new blocks
         block = self.generate(index_node, 2, sync_fun=self.no_op)[1]
-        self.wait_until(
-            lambda: not try_rpc(
-                -32603, "Unable to read UTXO set", index_node.gettxoutsetinfo, "muhash"
-            )
-        )
         res = index_node.gettxoutsetinfo(
             hash_type="muhash", hash_or_height=None, use_index=False
         )
 
         # Test that the result of the reorged block is not returned for its old
         # block height
         res2 = index_node.gettxoutsetinfo(hash_type="muhash", hash_or_height=112)
         assert_equal(res["bestblock"], block)
         assert_equal(res["muhash"], res2["muhash"])
         assert res["muhash"] != res_invalid["muhash"]
 
         # Test that requesting reorged out block by hash is still returning
         # correct results
         res_invalid2 = index_node.gettxoutsetinfo(
             hash_type="muhash", hash_or_height=reorg_block
         )
         assert_equal(res_invalid2["muhash"], res_invalid["muhash"])
         assert res["muhash"] != res_invalid2["muhash"]
 
         # Add another block, so we don't depend on reconsiderblock remembering
         # which blocks were touched by invalidateblock
         self.generate(index_node, 1)
 
         # Ensure that removing and re-adding blocks yields consistent results
         block = index_node.getblockhash(99)
         index_node.invalidateblock(block)
-        self.wait_until(
-            lambda: not try_rpc(
-                -32603, "Unable to read UTXO set", index_node.gettxoutsetinfo, "muhash"
-            )
-        )
         index_node.reconsiderblock(block)
-        self.wait_until(
-            lambda: not try_rpc(
-                -32603, "Unable to read UTXO set", index_node.gettxoutsetinfo, "muhash"
-            )
-        )
         res3 = index_node.gettxoutsetinfo(hash_type="muhash", hash_or_height=112)
         assert_equal(res2, res3)
 
         self.log.info("Test that a node aware of stale blocks syncs them as well")
         node = self.nodes[0]
         # Ensure the node is aware of a stale block prior to restart
         node.getblock(reorg_block)
 
         self.restart_node(0, ["-coinstatsindex"])
-        self.wait_until(
-            lambda: not try_rpc(
-                -32603, "Unable to read UTXO set", node.gettxoutsetinfo, "muhash"
-            )
-        )
         assert_raises_rpc_error(
             -32603,
-            "Unable to read UTXO set",
+            "Unable to get data because coinstatsindex is still syncing.",
             node.gettxoutsetinfo,
             "muhash",
             reorg_block,
         )
 
     def _test_index_rejects_hash_serialized(self):
         self.log.info(
             "Test that the rpc raises if the legacy hash is passed with the index"
         )
 
         msg = "hash_serialized hash type cannot be queried for a specific block"
         assert_raises_rpc_error(
             -8,
             msg,
             self.nodes[1].gettxoutsetinfo,
             hash_type="hash_serialized",
             hash_or_height=111,
         )
 
         for use_index in {True, False, None}:
             assert_raises_rpc_error(
                 -8,
                 msg,
                 self.nodes[1].gettxoutsetinfo,
                 hash_type="hash_serialized",
                 hash_or_height=111,
                 use_index=use_index,
             )
 
 
 if __name__ == "__main__":
     CoinStatsIndexTest().main()