diff --git a/src/init.cpp b/src/init.cpp
index 6dbfdea3ea..a437d02edf 100644
--- a/src/init.cpp
+++ b/src/init.cpp
@@ -1,2325 +1,2325 @@
 // Copyright (c) 2009-2010 Satoshi Nakamoto
 // Copyright (c) 2009-2016 The Bitcoin Core developers
 // Distributed under the MIT software license, see the accompanying
 // file COPYING or http://www.opensource.org/licenses/mit-license.php.
 
 #if defined(HAVE_CONFIG_H)
 #include "config/bitcoin-config.h"
 #endif
 
 #include "init.h"
 
 #include "addrman.h"
 #include "amount.h"
 #include "chain.h"
 #include "chainparams.h"
 #include "checkpoints.h"
 #include "compat/sanity.h"
 #include "config.h"
 #include "consensus/validation.h"
 #include "fs.h"
 #include "httprpc.h"
 #include "httpserver.h"
 #include "key.h"
 #include "miner.h"
 #include "net.h"
 #include "net_processing.h"
 #include "netbase.h"
 #include "policy/policy.h"
 #include "rpc/register.h"
 #include "rpc/server.h"
 #include "scheduler.h"
 #include "script/scriptcache.h"
 #include "script/sigcache.h"
 #include "script/standard.h"
 #include "timedata.h"
 #include "torcontrol.h"
 #include "txdb.h"
 #include "txmempool.h"
 #include "ui_interface.h"
 #include "util.h"
 #include "utilmoneystr.h"
 #include "validation.h"
 #include "validationinterface.h"
 #ifdef ENABLE_WALLET
 #include "wallet/rpcdump.h"
 #include "wallet/wallet.h"
 #endif
 #include "warnings.h"
 
 #include <cstdint>
 #include <cstdio>
 #include <memory>
 
 #ifndef WIN32
 #include <signal.h>
 #endif
 
 #include <boost/algorithm/string/classification.hpp>
 #include <boost/algorithm/string/predicate.hpp>
 #include <boost/algorithm/string/replace.hpp>
 #include <boost/algorithm/string/split.hpp>
 #include <boost/bind.hpp>
 #include <boost/interprocess/sync/file_lock.hpp>
 #include <boost/thread.hpp>
 
 #if ENABLE_ZMQ
 #include "zmq/zmqnotificationinterface.h"
 #endif
 
 bool fFeeEstimatesInitialized = false;
 static const bool DEFAULT_PROXYRANDOMIZE = true;
 static const bool DEFAULT_REST_ENABLE = false;
 static const bool DEFAULT_DISABLE_SAFEMODE = false;
 static const bool DEFAULT_STOPAFTERBLOCKIMPORT = false;
 
 std::unique_ptr<CConnman> g_connman;
 std::unique_ptr<PeerLogicValidation> peerLogic;
 
 #if ENABLE_ZMQ
 static CZMQNotificationInterface *pzmqNotificationInterface = nullptr;
 #endif
 
 #ifdef WIN32
 // Win32 LevelDB doesn't use filedescriptors, and the ones used for accessing
 // block files don't count towards the fd_set size limit anyway.
 #define MIN_CORE_FILEDESCRIPTORS 0
 #else
 #define MIN_CORE_FILEDESCRIPTORS 150
 #endif
 
 /** Used to pass flags to the Bind() function */
 enum BindFlags {
     BF_NONE = 0,
     BF_EXPLICIT = (1U << 0),
     BF_REPORT_ERROR = (1U << 1),
     BF_WHITELIST = (1U << 2),
 };
 
 static const char *FEE_ESTIMATES_FILENAME = "fee_estimates.dat";
 
 //////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
 //
 // Shutdown
 //
 
 //
 // Thread management and startup/shutdown:
 //
 // The network-processing threads are all part of a thread group created by
 // AppInit() or the Qt main() function.
 //
 // A clean exit happens when StartShutdown() or the SIGTERM signal handler sets
 // fRequestShutdown, which triggers the DetectShutdownThread(), which interrupts
 // the main thread group. DetectShutdownThread() then exits, which causes
 // AppInit() to continue (it .joins the shutdown thread). Shutdown() is then
 // called to clean up database connections, and stop other threads that should
 // only be stopped after the main network-processing threads have exited.
 //
 // Note that if running -daemon the parent process returns from AppInit2 before
 // adding any threads to the threadGroup, so .join_all() returns immediately and
 // the parent exits from main().
 //
 // Shutdown for Qt is very similar, only it uses a QTimer to detect
 // fRequestShutdown getting set, and then does the normal Qt shutdown thing.
 //
 
 std::atomic<bool> fRequestShutdown(false);
 std::atomic<bool> fDumpMempoolLater(false);
 
 void StartShutdown() {
     fRequestShutdown = true;
 }
 bool ShutdownRequested() {
     return fRequestShutdown;
 }
 
 /**
  * This is a minimally invasive approach to shutdown on LevelDB read errors from
  * the chainstate, while keeping user interface out of the common library, which
  * is shared between bitcoind, and bitcoin-qt and non-server tools.
  */
 class CCoinsViewErrorCatcher final : public CCoinsViewBacked {
 public:
     CCoinsViewErrorCatcher(CCoinsView *view) : CCoinsViewBacked(view) {}
     bool GetCoin(const COutPoint &outpoint, Coin &coin) const override {
         try {
             return CCoinsViewBacked::GetCoin(outpoint, coin);
         } catch (const std::runtime_error &e) {
             uiInterface.ThreadSafeMessageBox(
                 _("Error reading from database, shutting down."), "",
                 CClientUIInterface::MSG_ERROR);
             LogPrintf("Error reading from database: %s\n", e.what());
             // Starting the shutdown sequence and returning false to the caller
             // would be interpreted as 'entry not found' (as opposed to unable
             // to read data), and could lead to invalid interpretation. Just
             // exit immediately, as we can't continue anyway, and all writes
             // should be atomic.
             abort();
         }
     }
     // Writes do not need similar protection, as failure to write is handled by
     // the caller.
 };
 
 static CCoinsViewDB *pcoinsdbview = nullptr;
 static CCoinsViewErrorCatcher *pcoinscatcher = nullptr;
 static std::unique_ptr<ECCVerifyHandle> globalVerifyHandle;
 
 void Interrupt(boost::thread_group &threadGroup) {
     InterruptHTTPServer();
     InterruptHTTPRPC();
     InterruptRPC();
     InterruptREST();
     InterruptTorControl();
     if (g_connman) g_connman->Interrupt();
     threadGroup.interrupt_all();
 }
 
 void Shutdown() {
     LogPrintf("%s: In progress...\n", __func__);
     static CCriticalSection cs_Shutdown;
     TRY_LOCK(cs_Shutdown, lockShutdown);
     if (!lockShutdown) return;
 
     /// Note: Shutdown() must be able to handle cases in which AppInit2() failed
     /// part of the way, for example if the data directory was found to be
     /// locked. Be sure that anything that writes files or flushes caches only
     /// does this if the respective module was initialized.
     RenameThread("bitcoin-shutoff");
     mempool.AddTransactionsUpdated(1);
 
     StopHTTPRPC();
     StopREST();
     StopRPC();
     StopHTTPServer();
 #ifdef ENABLE_WALLET
     for (CWalletRef pwallet : vpwallets) {
         pwallet->Flush(false);
     }
 #endif
     MapPort(false);
     UnregisterValidationInterface(peerLogic.get());
     peerLogic.reset();
     g_connman.reset();
 
     StopTorControl();
     UnregisterNodeSignals(GetNodeSignals());
     if (fDumpMempoolLater &&
         gArgs.GetArg("-persistmempool", DEFAULT_PERSIST_MEMPOOL)) {
         DumpMempool();
     }
 
     if (fFeeEstimatesInitialized) {
         fs::path est_path = GetDataDir() / FEE_ESTIMATES_FILENAME;
         CAutoFile est_fileout(fsbridge::fopen(est_path, "wb"), SER_DISK,
                               CLIENT_VERSION);
         if (!est_fileout.IsNull())
             mempool.WriteFeeEstimates(est_fileout);
         else
             LogPrintf("%s: Failed to write fee estimates to %s\n", __func__,
                       est_path.string());
         fFeeEstimatesInitialized = false;
     }
 
     {
         LOCK(cs_main);
         if (pcoinsTip != nullptr) {
             FlushStateToDisk();
         }
         delete pcoinsTip;
         pcoinsTip = nullptr;
         delete pcoinscatcher;
         pcoinscatcher = nullptr;
         delete pcoinsdbview;
         pcoinsdbview = nullptr;
         delete pblocktree;
         pblocktree = nullptr;
     }
 #ifdef ENABLE_WALLET
     for (CWalletRef pwallet : vpwallets) {
         pwallet->Flush(true);
     }
 #endif
 
 #if ENABLE_ZMQ
     if (pzmqNotificationInterface) {
         UnregisterValidationInterface(pzmqNotificationInterface);
         delete pzmqNotificationInterface;
         pzmqNotificationInterface = nullptr;
     }
 #endif
 
 #ifndef WIN32
     try {
         fs::remove(GetPidFile());
     } catch (const fs::filesystem_error &e) {
         LogPrintf("%s: Unable to remove pidfile: %s\n", __func__, e.what());
     }
 #endif
     UnregisterAllValidationInterfaces();
 #ifdef ENABLE_WALLET
     for (CWalletRef pwallet : vpwallets) {
         delete pwallet;
     }
     vpwallets.clear();
 #endif
     globalVerifyHandle.reset();
     ECC_Stop();
     LogPrintf("%s: done\n", __func__);
 }
 
 /**
  * Signal handlers are very limited in what they are allowed to do, so:
  */
 void HandleSIGTERM(int) {
     fRequestShutdown = true;
 }
 
 void HandleSIGHUP(int) {
     GetLogger().fReopenDebugLog = true;
 }
 
 static bool Bind(CConnman &connman, const CService &addr, unsigned int flags) {
     if (!(flags & BF_EXPLICIT) && IsLimited(addr)) return false;
     std::string strError;
     if (!connman.BindListenPort(addr, strError, (flags & BF_WHITELIST) != 0)) {
         if (flags & BF_REPORT_ERROR) return InitError(strError);
         return false;
     }
     return true;
 }
 void OnRPCStarted() {
     uiInterface.NotifyBlockTip.connect(&RPCNotifyBlockChange);
 }
 
 void OnRPCStopped() {
     uiInterface.NotifyBlockTip.disconnect(&RPCNotifyBlockChange);
     RPCNotifyBlockChange(false, nullptr);
     cvBlockChange.notify_all();
     LogPrint(BCLog::RPC, "RPC stopped.\n");
 }
 
 void OnRPCPreCommand(const CRPCCommand &cmd) {
     // Observe safe mode.
     std::string strWarning = GetWarnings("rpc");
     if (strWarning != "" &&
         !gArgs.GetBoolArg("-disablesafemode", DEFAULT_DISABLE_SAFEMODE) &&
         !cmd.okSafeMode)
         throw JSONRPCError(RPC_FORBIDDEN_BY_SAFE_MODE,
                            std::string("Safe mode: ") + strWarning);
 }
 
 std::string HelpMessage(HelpMessageMode mode) {
     const auto defaultBaseParams =
         CreateBaseChainParams(CBaseChainParams::MAIN);
     const auto testnetBaseParams =
         CreateBaseChainParams(CBaseChainParams::TESTNET);
     const auto defaultChainParams = CreateChainParams(CBaseChainParams::MAIN);
     const auto testnetChainParams =
         CreateChainParams(CBaseChainParams::TESTNET);
     const bool showDebug = gArgs.GetBoolArg("-help-debug", false);
 
     // When adding new options to the categories, please keep and ensure
     // alphabetical ordering. Do not translate _(...) -help-debug options, Many
     // technical terms, and only a very small audience, so is unnecessary stress
     // to translators.
     std::string strUsage = HelpMessageGroup(_("Options:"));
     strUsage += HelpMessageOpt("-?", _("Print this help message and exit"));
     strUsage += HelpMessageOpt("-version", _("Print version and exit"));
     strUsage += HelpMessageOpt(
         "-alertnotify=<cmd>",
         _("Execute command when a relevant alert is received or we see a "
           "really long fork (%s in cmd is replaced by message)"));
     strUsage += HelpMessageOpt("-blocknotify=<cmd>",
                                _("Execute command when the best block changes "
                                  "(%s in cmd is replaced by block hash)"));
     if (showDebug)
         strUsage += HelpMessageOpt(
             "-blocksonly",
             strprintf(
                 _("Whether to operate in a blocks only mode (default: %d)"),
                 DEFAULT_BLOCKSONLY));
     strUsage += HelpMessageOpt(
         "-assumevalid=<hex>",
         strprintf(
             _("If this block is in the chain assume that it and its ancestors "
               "are valid and potentially skip their script verification (0 to "
               "verify all, default: %s, testnet: %s)"),
             defaultChainParams->GetConsensus().defaultAssumeValid.GetHex(),
             testnetChainParams->GetConsensus().defaultAssumeValid.GetHex()));
     strUsage += HelpMessageOpt(
         "-conf=<file>", strprintf(_("Specify configuration file (default: %s)"),
                                   BITCOIN_CONF_FILENAME));
     if (mode == HMM_BITCOIND) {
 #if HAVE_DECL_DAEMON
         strUsage += HelpMessageOpt(
             "-daemon",
             _("Run in the background as a daemon and accept commands"));
 #endif
     }
     strUsage += HelpMessageOpt("-datadir=<dir>", _("Specify data directory"));
     if (showDebug) {
         strUsage += HelpMessageOpt(
             "-dbbatchsize",
             strprintf(
                 "Maximum database write batch size in bytes (default: %u)",
                 nDefaultDbBatchSize));
     }
     strUsage += HelpMessageOpt(
         "-dbcache=<n>",
         strprintf(
             _("Set database cache size in megabytes (%d to %d, default: %d)"),
             nMinDbCache, nMaxDbCache, nDefaultDbCache));
     if (showDebug) {
         strUsage += HelpMessageOpt(
             "-feefilter", strprintf("Tell other nodes to filter invs to us by "
                                     "our mempool min fee (default: %d)",
                                     DEFAULT_FEEFILTER));
     }
 
     strUsage += HelpMessageOpt(
         "-loadblock=<file>",
         _("Imports blocks from external blk000??.dat file on startup"));
     strUsage += HelpMessageOpt(
         "-maxorphantx=<n>", strprintf(_("Keep at most <n> unconnectable "
                                         "transactions in memory (default: %u)"),
                                       DEFAULT_MAX_ORPHAN_TRANSACTIONS));
     strUsage += HelpMessageOpt("-maxmempool=<n>",
                                strprintf(_("Keep the transaction memory pool "
                                            "below <n> megabytes (default: %u)"),
                                          DEFAULT_MAX_MEMPOOL_SIZE));
     strUsage +=
         HelpMessageOpt("-mempoolexpiry=<n>",
                        strprintf(_("Do not keep transactions in the mempool "
                                    "longer than <n> hours (default: %u)"),
                                  DEFAULT_MEMPOOL_EXPIRY));
     if (showDebug) {
         strUsage += HelpMessageOpt(
             "-minimumchainwork=<hex>",
             strprintf(
                 "Minimum work assumed to exist on a valid chain in hex "
                 "(default: %s, testnet: %s)",
                 defaultChainParams->GetConsensus().nMinimumChainWork.GetHex(),
                 testnetChainParams->GetConsensus().nMinimumChainWork.GetHex()));
     }
     strUsage +=
         HelpMessageOpt("-persistmempool",
                        strprintf(_("Whether to save the mempool on shutdown "
                                    "and load on restart (default: %u)"),
                                  DEFAULT_PERSIST_MEMPOOL));
     strUsage += HelpMessageOpt(
         "-blockreconstructionextratxn=<n>",
         strprintf(_("Extra transactions to keep in memory for compact block "
                     "reconstructions (default: %u)"),
                   DEFAULT_BLOCK_RECONSTRUCTION_EXTRA_TXN));
     strUsage += HelpMessageOpt(
         "-par=<n>",
         strprintf(_("Set the number of script verification threads (%u to %d, "
                     "0 = auto, <0 = leave that many cores free, default: %d)"),
                   -GetNumCores(), MAX_SCRIPTCHECK_THREADS,
                   DEFAULT_SCRIPTCHECK_THREADS));
 #ifndef WIN32
     strUsage += HelpMessageOpt(
         "-pid=<file>",
         strprintf(_("Specify pid file (default: %s)"), BITCOIN_PID_FILENAME));
 #endif
     strUsage += HelpMessageOpt(
         "-prune=<n>",
         strprintf(
             _("Reduce storage requirements by enabling pruning (deleting) of "
               "old blocks. This allows the pruneblockchain RPC to be called to "
               "delete specific blocks, and enables automatic pruning of old "
               "blocks if a target size in MiB is provided. This mode is "
               "incompatible with -txindex and -rescan. "
               "Warning: Reverting this setting requires re-downloading the "
               "entire blockchain. "
               "(default: 0 = disable pruning blocks, 1 = allow manual pruning "
               "via RPC, >%u = automatically prune block files to stay under "
               "the specified target size in MiB)"),
             MIN_DISK_SPACE_FOR_BLOCK_FILES / 1024 / 1024));
     strUsage += HelpMessageOpt(
         "-reindex-chainstate",
         _("Rebuild chain state from the currently indexed blocks"));
     strUsage +=
         HelpMessageOpt("-reindex", _("Rebuild chain state and block index from "
                                      "the blk*.dat files on disk"));
 #ifndef WIN32
     strUsage += HelpMessageOpt(
         "-sysperms",
         _("Create new files with system default permissions, instead of umask "
           "077 (only effective with disabled wallet functionality)"));
 #endif
     strUsage += HelpMessageOpt(
         "-txindex", strprintf(_("Maintain a full transaction index, used by "
                                 "the getrawtransaction rpc call (default: %d)"),
                               DEFAULT_TXINDEX));
     strUsage += HelpMessageOpt(
         "-usecashaddr", _("Use Cash Address for destination encoding instead "
                           "of base58 (activate by default on Jan, 14)"));
 
     strUsage += HelpMessageGroup(_("Connection options:"));
     strUsage += HelpMessageOpt(
         "-addnode=<ip>",
         _("Add a node to connect to and attempt to keep the connection open"));
     strUsage += HelpMessageOpt(
         "-banscore=<n>",
         strprintf(
             _("Threshold for disconnecting misbehaving peers (default: %u)"),
             DEFAULT_BANSCORE_THRESHOLD));
     strUsage += HelpMessageOpt(
         "-bantime=<n>", strprintf(_("Number of seconds to keep misbehaving "
                                     "peers from reconnecting (default: %u)"),
                                   DEFAULT_MISBEHAVING_BANTIME));
     strUsage += HelpMessageOpt("-bind=<addr>",
                                _("Bind to given address and always listen on "
                                  "it. Use [host]:port notation for IPv6"));
     strUsage +=
         HelpMessageOpt("-connect=<ip>",
                        _("Connect only to the specified node(s); -noconnect or "
                          "-connect=0 alone to disable automatic connections"));
     strUsage += HelpMessageOpt("-discover",
                                _("Discover own IP addresses (default: 1 when "
                                  "listening and no -externalip or -proxy)"));
     strUsage += HelpMessageOpt(
         "-dns",
         _("Allow DNS lookups for -addnode, -seednode and -connect") + " " +
             strprintf(_("(default: %d)"), DEFAULT_NAME_LOOKUP));
     strUsage += HelpMessageOpt(
         "-dnsseed", _("Query for peer addresses via DNS lookup, if low on "
                       "addresses (default: 1 unless -connect/-noconnect)"));
     strUsage += HelpMessageOpt("-externalip=<ip>",
                                _("Specify your own public address"));
     strUsage += HelpMessageOpt(
         "-forcednsseed",
         strprintf(
             _("Always query for peer addresses via DNS lookup (default: %d)"),
             DEFAULT_FORCEDNSSEED));
     strUsage +=
         HelpMessageOpt("-listen", _("Accept connections from outside (default: "
                                     "1 if no -proxy or -connect/-noconnect)"));
     strUsage += HelpMessageOpt(
         "-listenonion",
         strprintf(_("Automatically create Tor hidden service (default: %d)"),
                   DEFAULT_LISTEN_ONION));
     strUsage += HelpMessageOpt(
         "-maxconnections=<n>",
         strprintf(_("Maintain at most <n> connections to peers (default: %u)"),
                   DEFAULT_MAX_PEER_CONNECTIONS));
     strUsage +=
         HelpMessageOpt("-maxreceivebuffer=<n>",
                        strprintf(_("Maximum per-connection receive buffer, "
                                    "<n>*1000 bytes (default: %u)"),
                                  DEFAULT_MAXRECEIVEBUFFER));
     strUsage += HelpMessageOpt(
         "-maxsendbuffer=<n>", strprintf(_("Maximum per-connection send buffer, "
                                           "<n>*1000 bytes (default: %u)"),
                                         DEFAULT_MAXSENDBUFFER));
     strUsage += HelpMessageOpt(
         "-maxtimeadjustment",
         strprintf(_("Maximum allowed median peer time offset adjustment. Local "
                     "perspective of time may be influenced by peers forward or "
                     "backward by this amount. (default: %u seconds)"),
                   DEFAULT_MAX_TIME_ADJUSTMENT));
     strUsage +=
         HelpMessageOpt("-onion=<ip:port>",
                        strprintf(_("Use separate SOCKS5 proxy to reach peers "
                                    "via Tor hidden services (default: %s)"),
                                  "-proxy"));
     strUsage += HelpMessageOpt(
         "-onlynet=<net>",
         _("Only connect to nodes in network <net> (ipv4, ipv6 or onion)"));
     strUsage +=
         HelpMessageOpt("-permitbaremultisig",
                        strprintf(_("Relay non-P2SH multisig (default: %d)"),
                                  DEFAULT_PERMIT_BAREMULTISIG));
     strUsage += HelpMessageOpt(
         "-peerbloomfilters",
         strprintf(_("Support filtering of blocks and transaction with bloom "
                     "filters (default: %d)"),
                   DEFAULT_PEERBLOOMFILTERS));
     strUsage += HelpMessageOpt(
         "-port=<port>",
         strprintf(
             _("Listen for connections on <port> (default: %u or testnet: %u)"),
             defaultChainParams->GetDefaultPort(),
             testnetChainParams->GetDefaultPort()));
     strUsage +=
         HelpMessageOpt("-proxy=<ip:port>", _("Connect through SOCKS5 proxy"));
     strUsage += HelpMessageOpt(
         "-proxyrandomize",
         strprintf(_("Randomize credentials for every proxy connection. This "
                     "enables Tor stream isolation (default: %d)"),
                   DEFAULT_PROXYRANDOMIZE));
     strUsage += HelpMessageOpt(
         "-seednode=<ip>",
         _("Connect to a node to retrieve peer addresses, and disconnect"));
     strUsage += HelpMessageOpt(
         "-timeout=<n>", strprintf(_("Specify connection timeout in "
                                     "milliseconds (minimum: 1, default: %d)"),
                                   DEFAULT_CONNECT_TIMEOUT));
     strUsage += HelpMessageOpt("-torcontrol=<ip>:<port>",
                                strprintf(_("Tor control port to use if onion "
                                            "listening enabled (default: %s)"),
                                          DEFAULT_TOR_CONTROL));
     strUsage += HelpMessageOpt("-torpassword=<pass>",
                                _("Tor control port password (default: empty)"));
 #ifdef USE_UPNP
 #if USE_UPNP
     strUsage +=
         HelpMessageOpt("-upnp", _("Use UPnP to map the listening port "
                                   "(default: 1 when listening and no -proxy)"));
 #else
     strUsage += HelpMessageOpt(
         "-upnp",
         strprintf(_("Use UPnP to map the listening port (default: %u)"), 0));
 #endif
 #endif
     strUsage +=
         HelpMessageOpt("-whitebind=<addr>",
                        _("Bind to given address and whitelist peers connecting "
                          "to it. Use [host]:port notation for IPv6"));
     strUsage += HelpMessageOpt(
         "-whitelist=<IP address or network>",
         _("Whitelist peers connecting from the given IP address (e.g. 1.2.3.4) "
           "or CIDR notated network (e.g. 1.2.3.0/24). Can be specified "
           "multiple times.") +
             " " + _("Whitelisted peers cannot be DoS banned and their "
                     "transactions are always relayed, even if they are already "
                     "in the mempool, useful e.g. for a gateway"));
     strUsage += HelpMessageOpt(
         "-whitelistrelay",
         strprintf(_("Accept relayed transactions received from whitelisted "
                     "peers even when not relaying transactions (default: %d)"),
                   DEFAULT_WHITELISTRELAY));
     strUsage += HelpMessageOpt(
         "-whitelistforcerelay",
         strprintf(_("Force relay of transactions from whitelisted peers even "
                     "if they violate local relay policy (default: %d)"),
                   DEFAULT_WHITELISTFORCERELAY));
     strUsage += HelpMessageOpt(
         "-maxuploadtarget=<n>",
         strprintf(_("Tries to keep outbound traffic under the given target (in "
                     "MiB per 24h), 0 = no limit (default: %d)"),
                   DEFAULT_MAX_UPLOAD_TARGET));
 
 #ifdef ENABLE_WALLET
     strUsage += CWallet::GetWalletHelpString(showDebug);
 #endif
 
 #if ENABLE_ZMQ
     strUsage += HelpMessageGroup(_("ZeroMQ notification options:"));
     strUsage += HelpMessageOpt("-zmqpubhashblock=<address>",
                                _("Enable publish hash block in <address>"));
     strUsage +=
         HelpMessageOpt("-zmqpubhashtx=<address>",
                        _("Enable publish hash transaction in <address>"));
     strUsage += HelpMessageOpt("-zmqpubrawblock=<address>",
                                _("Enable publish raw block in <address>"));
     strUsage +=
         HelpMessageOpt("-zmqpubrawtx=<address>",
                        _("Enable publish raw transaction in <address>"));
 #endif
 
     strUsage += HelpMessageGroup(_("Debugging/Testing options:"));
     strUsage += HelpMessageOpt("-uacomment=<cmt>",
                                _("Append comment to the user agent string"));
     if (showDebug) {
         strUsage += HelpMessageOpt(
             "-checkblocks=<n>",
             strprintf(
                 _("How many blocks to check at startup (default: %u, 0 = all)"),
                 DEFAULT_CHECKBLOCKS));
         strUsage +=
             HelpMessageOpt("-checklevel=<n>",
                            strprintf(_("How thorough the block verification of "
                                        "-checkblocks is (0-4, default: %u)"),
                                      DEFAULT_CHECKLEVEL));
         strUsage += HelpMessageOpt(
             "-checkblockindex",
             strprintf("Do a full consistency check for mapBlockIndex, "
                       "setBlockIndexCandidates, chainActive and "
                       "mapBlocksUnlinked occasionally. Also sets -checkmempool "
                       "(default: %u)",
                       defaultChainParams->DefaultConsistencyChecks()));
         strUsage += HelpMessageOpt(
             "-checkmempool=<n>",
             strprintf("Run checks every <n> transactions (default: %u)",
                       defaultChainParams->DefaultConsistencyChecks()));
         strUsage += HelpMessageOpt(
             "-checkpoints", strprintf("Only accept block chain matching "
                                       "built-in checkpoints (default: %d)",
                                       DEFAULT_CHECKPOINTS_ENABLED));
         strUsage += HelpMessageOpt(
             "-disablesafemode", strprintf("Disable safemode, override a real "
                                           "safe mode event (default: %d)",
                                           DEFAULT_DISABLE_SAFEMODE));
         strUsage += HelpMessageOpt(
             "-testsafemode",
             strprintf("Force safe mode (default: %d)", DEFAULT_TESTSAFEMODE));
         strUsage +=
             HelpMessageOpt("-dropmessagestest=<n>",
                            "Randomly drop 1 of every <n> network messages");
         strUsage +=
             HelpMessageOpt("-fuzzmessagestest=<n>",
                            "Randomly fuzz 1 of every <n> network messages");
         strUsage += HelpMessageOpt(
             "-stopafterblockimport",
             strprintf(
                 "Stop running after importing blocks from disk (default: %d)",
                 DEFAULT_STOPAFTERBLOCKIMPORT));
         strUsage += HelpMessageOpt(
             "-stopatheight", strprintf("Stop running after reaching the given "
                                        "height in the main chain (default: %u)",
                                        DEFAULT_STOPATHEIGHT));
         strUsage += HelpMessageOpt(
             "-limitancestorcount=<n>",
             strprintf("Do not accept transactions if number of in-mempool "
                       "ancestors is <n> or more (default: %u)",
                       DEFAULT_ANCESTOR_LIMIT));
         strUsage +=
             HelpMessageOpt("-limitancestorsize=<n>",
                            strprintf("Do not accept transactions whose size "
                                      "with all in-mempool ancestors exceeds "
                                      "<n> kilobytes (default: %u)",
                                      DEFAULT_ANCESTOR_SIZE_LIMIT));
         strUsage += HelpMessageOpt(
             "-limitdescendantcount=<n>",
             strprintf("Do not accept transactions if any ancestor would have "
                       "<n> or more in-mempool descendants (default: %u)",
                       DEFAULT_DESCENDANT_LIMIT));
         strUsage += HelpMessageOpt(
             "-limitdescendantsize=<n>",
             strprintf("Do not accept transactions if any ancestor would have "
                       "more than <n> kilobytes of in-mempool descendants "
                       "(default: %u).",
                       DEFAULT_DESCENDANT_SIZE_LIMIT));
         strUsage += HelpMessageOpt("-bip9params=deployment:start:end",
                                    "Use given start/end times for specified "
                                    "BIP9 deployment (regtest-only)");
     }
     strUsage += HelpMessageOpt(
         "-debug=<category>",
         strprintf(_("Output debugging information (default: %u, supplying "
                     "<category> is optional)"),
                   0) +
             ". " + _("If <category> is not supplied or if <category> = 1, "
                      "output all debugging information.") +
             _("<category> can be:") + " " + ListLogCategories() + ".");
     strUsage += HelpMessageOpt(
         "-debugexclude=<category>",
         strprintf(_("Exclude debugging information for a category. Can be used "
                     "in conjunction with -debug=1 to output debug logs for all "
                     "categories except one or more specified categories.")));
     if (showDebug) {
         strUsage += HelpMessageOpt(
             "-nodebug", "Turn off debugging messages, same as -debug=0");
     }
     strUsage += HelpMessageOpt(
         "-help-debug",
         _("Show all debugging options (usage: --help -help-debug)"));
     strUsage += HelpMessageOpt(
         "-logips",
         strprintf(_("Include IP addresses in debug output (default: %d)"),
                   DEFAULT_LOGIPS));
     strUsage += HelpMessageOpt(
         "-logtimestamps",
         strprintf(_("Prepend debug output with timestamp (default: %d)"),
                   DEFAULT_LOGTIMESTAMPS));
     if (showDebug) {
         strUsage += HelpMessageOpt(
             "-logtimemicros",
             strprintf(
                 "Add microsecond precision to debug timestamps (default: %d)",
                 DEFAULT_LOGTIMEMICROS));
         strUsage += HelpMessageOpt(
             "-mocktime=<n>",
             "Replace actual time with <n> seconds since epoch (default: 0)");
         strUsage += HelpMessageOpt(
             "-limitfreerelay=<n>",
             strprintf("Continuously rate-limit free transactions to <n>*1000 "
                       "bytes per minute (default: %u)",
                       DEFAULT_LIMITFREERELAY));
         strUsage +=
             HelpMessageOpt("-relaypriority",
                            strprintf("Require high priority for relaying free "
                                      "or low-fee transactions (default: %d)",
                                      DEFAULT_RELAYPRIORITY));
         strUsage += HelpMessageOpt(
             "-maxsigcachesize=<n>",
             strprintf("Limit size of signature cache to <n> MiB (default: %u)",
                       DEFAULT_MAX_SIG_CACHE_SIZE));
         strUsage += HelpMessageOpt(
             "-maxscriptcachesize=<n>",
             strprintf("Limit size of script cache to <n> MiB (default: %u)",
                       DEFAULT_MAX_SCRIPT_CACHE_SIZE));
         strUsage += HelpMessageOpt(
             "-maxtipage=<n>",
             strprintf("Maximum tip age in seconds to consider node in initial "
                       "block download (default: %u)",
                       DEFAULT_MAX_TIP_AGE));
     }
     strUsage += HelpMessageOpt(
         "-excessutxocharge=<amt>",
         strprintf(_("Fees (in %s/kB) to charge per utxo created for"
                     "relaying, and mining (default: %s)"),
                   CURRENCY_UNIT, FormatMoney(DEFAULT_UTXO_FEE)));
     strUsage += HelpMessageOpt(
         "-minrelaytxfee=<amt>",
         strprintf(
             _("Fees (in %s/kB) smaller than this are considered zero fee for "
               "relaying, mining and transaction creation (default: %s)"),
             CURRENCY_UNIT, FormatMoney(DEFAULT_MIN_RELAY_TX_FEE)));
     strUsage += HelpMessageOpt(
         "-maxtxfee=<amt>",
         strprintf(_("Maximum total fees (in %s) to use in a single wallet "
                     "transaction or raw transaction; setting this too low may "
                     "abort large transactions (default: %s)"),
                   CURRENCY_UNIT, FormatMoney(DEFAULT_TRANSACTION_MAXFEE)));
     strUsage += HelpMessageOpt(
         "-printtoconsole",
         _("Send trace/debug info to console instead of debug.log file"));
     if (showDebug) {
         strUsage += HelpMessageOpt(
             "-printpriority", strprintf("Log transaction priority and fee per "
                                         "kB when mining blocks (default: %d)",
                                         DEFAULT_PRINTPRIORITY));
     }
     strUsage += HelpMessageOpt("-shrinkdebugfile",
                                _("Shrink debug.log file on client startup "
                                  "(default: 1 when no -debug)"));
 
     AppendParamsHelpMessages(strUsage, showDebug);
 
     strUsage += HelpMessageGroup(_("Node relay options:"));
     if (showDebug) {
         strUsage += HelpMessageOpt(
             "-acceptnonstdtxn",
             strprintf(
                 "Relay and mine \"non-standard\" transactions (%sdefault: %u)",
                 "testnet/regtest only; ",
                 defaultChainParams->RequireStandard()));
         strUsage +=
             HelpMessageOpt("-excessiveblocksize=<n>",
                            strprintf(_("Do not accept blocks larger than this "
                                        "limit, in bytes (default: %d)"),
                                      DEFAULT_MAX_BLOCK_SIZE));
         strUsage += HelpMessageOpt(
             "-incrementalrelayfee=<amt>",
             strprintf(
                 "Fee rate (in %s/kB) used to define cost of relay, used for "
                 "mempool limiting and BIP 125 replacement. (default: %s)",
                 CURRENCY_UNIT, FormatMoney(DEFAULT_INCREMENTAL_RELAY_FEE)));
         strUsage += HelpMessageOpt(
             "-dustrelayfee=<amt>",
             strprintf("Fee rate (in %s/kB) used to defined dust, the value of "
                       "an output such that it will cost about 1/3 of its value "
                       "in fees at this fee rate to spend it. (default: %s)",
                       CURRENCY_UNIT, FormatMoney(DUST_RELAY_TX_FEE)));
     }
     strUsage +=
         HelpMessageOpt("-bytespersigop",
                        strprintf(_("Equivalent bytes per sigop in transactions "
                                    "for relay and mining (default: %u)"),
                                  DEFAULT_BYTES_PER_SIGOP));
     strUsage += HelpMessageOpt(
         "-datacarrier",
         strprintf(_("Relay and mine data carrier transactions (default: %d)"),
                   DEFAULT_ACCEPT_DATACARRIER));
     strUsage += HelpMessageOpt(
         "-datacarriersize",
         strprintf(
             _("Maximum size of data in data carrier transactions we relay and "
               "mine (pre-fork default: %u, post-fork default: %u)"),
             MAX_OP_RETURN_RELAY, MAX_OP_RETURN_RELAY_LARGE));
 
     strUsage += HelpMessageGroup(_("Block creation options:"));
     strUsage += HelpMessageOpt(
         "-blockmaxsize=<n>",
         strprintf(_("Set maximum block size in bytes (default: %d)"),
                   DEFAULT_MAX_GENERATED_BLOCK_SIZE));
     strUsage += HelpMessageOpt(
         "-blockprioritypercentage=<n>",
         strprintf(_("Set maximum percentage of a block reserved to "
                     "high-priority/low-fee transactions (default: %d)"),
                   DEFAULT_BLOCK_PRIORITY_PERCENTAGE));
     strUsage += HelpMessageOpt(
         "-blockmintxfee=<amt>",
         strprintf(_("Set lowest fee rate (in %s/kB) for transactions to be "
                     "included in block creation. (default: %s)"),
                   CURRENCY_UNIT, FormatMoney(DEFAULT_BLOCK_MIN_TX_FEE)));
     if (showDebug) {
         strUsage +=
             HelpMessageOpt("-blockversion=<n>",
                            "Override block version to test forking scenarios");
     }
 
     strUsage += HelpMessageGroup(_("RPC server options:"));
     strUsage += HelpMessageOpt("-server",
                                _("Accept command line and JSON-RPC commands"));
     strUsage += HelpMessageOpt(
         "-rest", strprintf(_("Accept public REST requests (default: %d)"),
                            DEFAULT_REST_ENABLE));
     strUsage += HelpMessageOpt(
         "-rpcbind=<addr>",
         _("Bind to given address to listen for JSON-RPC connections. Use "
           "[host]:port notation for IPv6. This option can be specified "
           "multiple times (default: bind to all interfaces)"));
     strUsage +=
         HelpMessageOpt("-rpccookiefile=<loc>",
                        _("Location of the auth cookie (default: data dir)"));
     strUsage += HelpMessageOpt("-rpcuser=<user>",
                                _("Username for JSON-RPC connections"));
     strUsage += HelpMessageOpt("-rpcpassword=<pw>",
                                _("Password for JSON-RPC connections"));
     strUsage += HelpMessageOpt(
         "-rpcauth=<userpw>",
         _("Username and hashed password for JSON-RPC connections. The field "
           "<userpw> comes in the format: <USERNAME>:<SALT>$<HASH>. A canonical "
           "python script is included in share/rpcuser. The client then "
           "connects normally using the "
           "rpcuser=<USERNAME>/rpcpassword=<PASSWORD> pair of arguments. This "
           "option can be specified multiple times"));
     strUsage += HelpMessageOpt(
         "-rpcport=<port>",
         strprintf(_("Listen for JSON-RPC connections on <port> (default: %u or "
                     "testnet: %u)"),
                   defaultBaseParams->RPCPort(), testnetBaseParams->RPCPort()));
     strUsage += HelpMessageOpt(
         "-rpcallowip=<ip>",
         _("Allow JSON-RPC connections from specified source. Valid for <ip> "
           "are a single IP (e.g. 1.2.3.4), a network/netmask (e.g. "
           "1.2.3.4/255.255.255.0) or a network/CIDR (e.g. 1.2.3.4/24). This "
           "option can be specified multiple times"));
     strUsage += HelpMessageOpt(
         "-rpcthreads=<n>",
         strprintf(
             _("Set the number of threads to service RPC calls (default: %d)"),
             DEFAULT_HTTP_THREADS));
     strUsage += HelpMessageOpt(
         "-rpccorsdomain=value",
         "Domain from which to accept cross origin requests (browser enforced)");
     if (showDebug) {
         strUsage += HelpMessageOpt(
             "-rpcworkqueue=<n>", strprintf("Set the depth of the work queue to "
                                            "service RPC calls (default: %d)",
                                            DEFAULT_HTTP_WORKQUEUE));
         strUsage += HelpMessageOpt(
             "-rpcservertimeout=<n>",
             strprintf("Timeout during HTTP requests (default: %d)",
                       DEFAULT_HTTP_SERVER_TIMEOUT));
     }
 
     return strUsage;
 }
 
 std::string LicenseInfo() {
     const std::string URL_SOURCE_CODE =
         "<https://github.com/Bitcoin-ABC/bitcoin-abc>";
     const std::string URL_WEBSITE = "<https://www.bitcoinabc.org>";
 
     return CopyrightHolders(
                strprintf(_("Copyright (C) %i-%i"), 2009, COPYRIGHT_YEAR) +
                " ") +
            "\n" + "\n" +
            strprintf(_("Please contribute if you find %s useful. "
                        "Visit %s for further information about the software."),
                      PACKAGE_NAME, URL_WEBSITE) +
            "\n" + strprintf(_("The source code is available from %s."),
                             URL_SOURCE_CODE) +
            "\n" + "\n" + _("This is experimental software.") + "\n" +
            strprintf(_("Distributed under the MIT software license, see the "
                        "accompanying file %s or %s"),
                      "COPYING", "<https://opensource.org/licenses/MIT>") +
            "\n" + "\n" +
            strprintf(_("This product includes software developed by the "
                        "OpenSSL Project for use in the OpenSSL Toolkit %s and "
                        "cryptographic software written by Eric Young and UPnP "
                        "software written by Thomas Bernard."),
                      "<https://www.openssl.org>") +
            "\n";
 }
 
 static void BlockNotifyCallback(bool initialSync,
                                 const CBlockIndex *pBlockIndex) {
     if (initialSync || !pBlockIndex) return;
 
     std::string strCmd = gArgs.GetArg("-blocknotify", "");
 
     boost::replace_all(strCmd, "%s", pBlockIndex->GetBlockHash().GetHex());
     boost::thread t(runCommand, strCmd); // thread runs free
 }
 
 static bool fHaveGenesis = false;
 static boost::mutex cs_GenesisWait;
 static CConditionVariable condvar_GenesisWait;
 
 static void BlockNotifyGenesisWait(bool, const CBlockIndex *pBlockIndex) {
     if (pBlockIndex != nullptr) {
         {
             boost::unique_lock<boost::mutex> lock_GenesisWait(cs_GenesisWait);
             fHaveGenesis = true;
         }
         condvar_GenesisWait.notify_all();
     }
 }
 
 struct CImportingNow {
     CImportingNow() {
         assert(fImporting == false);
         fImporting = true;
     }
 
     ~CImportingNow() {
         assert(fImporting == true);
         fImporting = false;
     }
 };
 
 // If we're using -prune with -reindex, then delete block files that will be
 // ignored by the reindex.  Since reindexing works by starting at block file 0
 // and looping until a blockfile is missing, do the same here to delete any
 // later block files after a gap. Also delete all rev files since they'll be
 // rewritten by the reindex anyway. This ensures that vinfoBlockFile is in sync
 // with what's actually on disk by the time we start downloading, so that
 // pruning works correctly.
 void CleanupBlockRevFiles() {
     std::map<std::string, fs::path> mapBlockFiles;
 
     // Glob all blk?????.dat and rev?????.dat files from the blocks directory.
     // Remove the rev files immediately and insert the blk file paths into an
     // ordered map keyed by block file index.
     LogPrintf("Removing unusable blk?????.dat and rev?????.dat files for "
               "-reindex with -prune\n");
     fs::path blocksdir = GetDataDir() / "blocks";
     for (fs::directory_iterator it(blocksdir); it != fs::directory_iterator();
          it++) {
         if (is_regular_file(*it) &&
             it->path().filename().string().length() == 12 &&
             it->path().filename().string().substr(8, 4) == ".dat") {
             if (it->path().filename().string().substr(0, 3) == "blk")
                 mapBlockFiles[it->path().filename().string().substr(3, 5)] =
                     it->path();
             else if (it->path().filename().string().substr(0, 3) == "rev")
                 remove(it->path());
         }
     }
 
     // Remove all block files that aren't part of a contiguous set starting at
     // zero by walking the ordered map (keys are block file indices) by keeping
     // a separate counter. Once we hit a gap (or if 0 doesn't exist) start
     // removing block files.
     int nContigCounter = 0;
     for (const std::pair<std::string, fs::path> &item : mapBlockFiles) {
         if (atoi(item.first) == nContigCounter) {
             nContigCounter++;
             continue;
         }
         remove(item.second);
     }
 }
 
 void ThreadImport(const Config &config, std::vector<fs::path> vImportFiles) {
     RenameThread("bitcoin-loadblk");
 
     {
         CImportingNow imp;
 
         // -reindex
         if (fReindex) {
             int nFile = 0;
             while (true) {
                 CDiskBlockPos pos(nFile, 0);
                 if (!fs::exists(GetBlockPosFilename(pos, "blk"))) {
                     // No block files left to reindex
                     break;
                 }
                 FILE *file = OpenBlockFile(pos, true);
                 if (!file) {
                     // This error is logged in OpenBlockFile
                     break;
                 }
                 LogPrintf("Reindexing block file blk%05u.dat...\n",
                           (unsigned int)nFile);
                 LoadExternalBlockFile(config, file, &pos);
                 nFile++;
             }
             pblocktree->WriteReindexing(false);
             fReindex = false;
             LogPrintf("Reindexing finished\n");
             // To avoid ending up in a situation without genesis block, re-try
             // initializing (no-op if reindexing worked):
             InitBlockIndex(config);
         }
 
         // hardcoded $DATADIR/bootstrap.dat
         fs::path pathBootstrap = GetDataDir() / "bootstrap.dat";
         if (fs::exists(pathBootstrap)) {
             FILE *file = fsbridge::fopen(pathBootstrap, "rb");
             if (file) {
                 fs::path pathBootstrapOld = GetDataDir() / "bootstrap.dat.old";
                 LogPrintf("Importing bootstrap.dat...\n");
                 LoadExternalBlockFile(config, file);
                 RenameOver(pathBootstrap, pathBootstrapOld);
             } else {
                 LogPrintf("Warning: Could not open bootstrap file %s\n",
                           pathBootstrap.string());
             }
         }
 
         // -loadblock=
         for (const fs::path &path : vImportFiles) {
             FILE *file = fsbridge::fopen(path, "rb");
             if (file) {
                 LogPrintf("Importing blocks file %s...\n", path.string());
                 LoadExternalBlockFile(config, file);
             } else {
                 LogPrintf("Warning: Could not open blocks file %s\n",
                           path.string());
             }
         }
 
         // scan for better chains in the block chain database, that are not yet
         // connected in the active best chain
         CValidationState state;
         if (!ActivateBestChain(config, state)) {
             LogPrintf("Failed to connect best block");
             StartShutdown();
         }
 
         if (gArgs.GetBoolArg("-stopafterblockimport",
                              DEFAULT_STOPAFTERBLOCKIMPORT)) {
             LogPrintf("Stopping after block import\n");
             StartShutdown();
         }
     } // End scope of CImportingNow
     if (gArgs.GetArg("-persistmempool", DEFAULT_PERSIST_MEMPOOL)) {
         LoadMempool(config);
         fDumpMempoolLater = !fRequestShutdown;
     }
 }
 
 /** Sanity checks
  *  Ensure that Bitcoin is running in a usable environment with all
  *  necessary library support.
  */
 bool InitSanityCheck(void) {
     if (!ECC_InitSanityCheck()) {
         InitError(
             "Elliptic curve cryptography sanity check failure. Aborting.");
         return false;
     }
 
     if (!glibc_sanity_test() || !glibcxx_sanity_test()) {
         return false;
     }
 
     if (!Random_SanityCheck()) {
         InitError("OS cryptographic RNG sanity check failure. Aborting.");
         return false;
     }
 
     return true;
 }
 
 static bool AppInitServers(Config &config, boost::thread_group &threadGroup) {
     RPCServer::OnStarted(&OnRPCStarted);
     RPCServer::OnStopped(&OnRPCStopped);
     RPCServer::OnPreCommand(&OnRPCPreCommand);
     if (!InitHTTPServer(config)) return false;
     if (!StartRPC()) return false;
     if (!StartHTTPRPC()) return false;
     if (gArgs.GetBoolArg("-rest", DEFAULT_REST_ENABLE) && !StartREST())
         return false;
     if (!StartHTTPServer()) return false;
     return true;
 }
 
 // Parameter interaction based on rules
 void InitParameterInteraction() {
     // when specifying an explicit binding address, you want to listen on it
     // even when -connect or -proxy is specified.
     if (gArgs.IsArgSet("-bind")) {
         if (gArgs.SoftSetBoolArg("-listen", true))
             LogPrintf(
                 "%s: parameter interaction: -bind set -> setting -listen=1\n",
                 __func__);
     }
     if (gArgs.IsArgSet("-whitebind")) {
         if (gArgs.SoftSetBoolArg("-listen", true))
             LogPrintf("%s: parameter interaction: -whitebind set -> setting "
                       "-listen=1\n",
                       __func__);
     }
 
     if (gArgs.IsArgSet("-connect")) {
         // when only connecting to trusted nodes, do not seed via DNS, or listen
         // by default.
         if (gArgs.SoftSetBoolArg("-dnsseed", false))
             LogPrintf("%s: parameter interaction: -connect set -> setting "
                       "-dnsseed=0\n",
                       __func__);
         if (gArgs.SoftSetBoolArg("-listen", false))
             LogPrintf("%s: parameter interaction: -connect set -> setting "
                       "-listen=0\n",
                       __func__);
     }
 
     if (gArgs.IsArgSet("-proxy")) {
         // to protect privacy, do not listen by default if a default proxy
         // server is specified.
         if (gArgs.SoftSetBoolArg("-listen", false))
             LogPrintf(
                 "%s: parameter interaction: -proxy set -> setting -listen=0\n",
                 __func__);
         // to protect privacy, do not use UPNP when a proxy is set. The user may
         // still specify -listen=1 to listen locally, so don't rely on this
         // happening through -listen below.
         if (gArgs.SoftSetBoolArg("-upnp", false))
             LogPrintf(
                 "%s: parameter interaction: -proxy set -> setting -upnp=0\n",
                 __func__);
         // to protect privacy, do not discover addresses by default
         if (gArgs.SoftSetBoolArg("-discover", false))
             LogPrintf("%s: parameter interaction: -proxy set -> setting "
                       "-discover=0\n",
                       __func__);
     }
 
     if (!gArgs.GetBoolArg("-listen", DEFAULT_LISTEN)) {
         // do not map ports or try to retrieve public IP when not listening
         // (pointless)
         if (gArgs.SoftSetBoolArg("-upnp", false))
             LogPrintf(
                 "%s: parameter interaction: -listen=0 -> setting -upnp=0\n",
                 __func__);
         if (gArgs.SoftSetBoolArg("-discover", false))
             LogPrintf(
                 "%s: parameter interaction: -listen=0 -> setting -discover=0\n",
                 __func__);
         if (gArgs.SoftSetBoolArg("-listenonion", false))
             LogPrintf("%s: parameter interaction: -listen=0 -> setting "
                       "-listenonion=0\n",
                       __func__);
     }
 
     if (gArgs.IsArgSet("-externalip")) {
         // if an explicit public IP is specified, do not try to find others
         if (gArgs.SoftSetBoolArg("-discover", false))
             LogPrintf("%s: parameter interaction: -externalip set -> setting "
                       "-discover=0\n",
                       __func__);
     }
 
     // disable whitelistrelay in blocksonly mode
     if (gArgs.GetBoolArg("-blocksonly", DEFAULT_BLOCKSONLY)) {
         if (gArgs.SoftSetBoolArg("-whitelistrelay", false))
             LogPrintf("%s: parameter interaction: -blocksonly=1 -> setting "
                       "-whitelistrelay=0\n",
                       __func__);
     }
 
     // Forcing relay from whitelisted hosts implies we will accept relays from
     // them in the first place.
     if (gArgs.GetBoolArg("-whitelistforcerelay", DEFAULT_WHITELISTFORCERELAY)) {
         if (gArgs.SoftSetBoolArg("-whitelistrelay", true))
             LogPrintf("%s: parameter interaction: -whitelistforcerelay=1 -> "
                       "setting -whitelistrelay=1\n",
                       __func__);
     }
 }
 
 static std::string ResolveErrMsg(const char *const optname,
                                  const std::string &strBind) {
     return strprintf(_("Cannot resolve -%s address: '%s'"), optname, strBind);
 }
 
 void InitLogging() {
     BCLog::Logger &logger = GetLogger();
     logger.fPrintToConsole = gArgs.GetBoolArg("-printtoconsole", false);
     logger.fLogTimestamps =
         gArgs.GetBoolArg("-logtimestamps", DEFAULT_LOGTIMESTAMPS);
     logger.fLogTimeMicros =
         gArgs.GetBoolArg("-logtimemicros", DEFAULT_LOGTIMEMICROS);
 
     fLogIPs = gArgs.GetBoolArg("-logips", DEFAULT_LOGIPS);
 
     LogPrintf("\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n");
     LogPrintf("%s version %s\n", CLIENT_NAME, FormatFullVersion());
 }
 
 namespace { // Variables internal to initialization process only
 
 ServiceFlags nRelevantServices = NODE_NETWORK;
 int nMaxConnections;
 int nUserMaxConnections;
 int nFD;
 ServiceFlags nLocalServices = NODE_NETWORK;
 } // namespace
 
 [[noreturn]] static void new_handler_terminate() {
     // Rather than throwing std::bad-alloc if allocation fails, terminate
     // immediately to (try to) avoid chain corruption. Since LogPrintf may
     // itself allocate memory, set the handler directly to terminate first.
     std::set_new_handler(std::terminate);
     LogPrintf("Error: Out of memory. Terminating.\n");
 
     // The log was successful, terminate now.
     std::terminate();
 };
 
 bool AppInitBasicSetup() {
 // Step 1: setup
 #ifdef _MSC_VER
     // Turn off Microsoft heap dump noise
     _CrtSetReportMode(_CRT_WARN, _CRTDBG_MODE_FILE);
     _CrtSetReportFile(_CRT_WARN, CreateFileA("NUL", GENERIC_WRITE, 0, nullptr,
                                              OPEN_EXISTING, 0, 0));
 #endif
 #if _MSC_VER >= 1400
     // Disable confusing "helpful" text message on abort, Ctrl-C
     _set_abort_behavior(0, _WRITE_ABORT_MSG | _CALL_REPORTFAULT);
 #endif
 #ifdef WIN32
 // Enable Data Execution Prevention (DEP)
 // Minimum supported OS versions: WinXP SP3, WinVista >= SP1, Win Server 2008
 // A failure is non-critical and needs no further attention!
 #ifndef PROCESS_DEP_ENABLE
 // We define this here, because GCCs winbase.h limits this to _WIN32_WINNT >=
 // 0x0601 (Windows 7), which is not correct. Can be removed, when GCCs winbase.h
 // is fixed!
 #define PROCESS_DEP_ENABLE 0x00000001
 #endif
     typedef BOOL(WINAPI * PSETPROCDEPPOL)(DWORD);
     PSETPROCDEPPOL setProcDEPPol = (PSETPROCDEPPOL)GetProcAddress(
         GetModuleHandleA("Kernel32.dll"), "SetProcessDEPPolicy");
     if (setProcDEPPol != nullptr) setProcDEPPol(PROCESS_DEP_ENABLE);
 #endif
 
     if (!SetupNetworking()) return InitError("Initializing networking failed");
 
 #ifndef WIN32
     if (!gArgs.GetBoolArg("-sysperms", false)) {
         umask(077);
     }
 
     // Clean shutdown on SIGTERM
     struct sigaction sa;
     sa.sa_handler = HandleSIGTERM;
     sigemptyset(&sa.sa_mask);
     sa.sa_flags = 0;
     sigaction(SIGTERM, &sa, nullptr);
     sigaction(SIGINT, &sa, nullptr);
 
     // Reopen debug.log on SIGHUP
     struct sigaction sa_hup;
     sa_hup.sa_handler = HandleSIGHUP;
     sigemptyset(&sa_hup.sa_mask);
     sa_hup.sa_flags = 0;
     sigaction(SIGHUP, &sa_hup, nullptr);
 
     // Ignore SIGPIPE, otherwise it will bring the daemon down if the client
     // closes unexpectedly
     signal(SIGPIPE, SIG_IGN);
 #endif
 
     std::set_new_handler(new_handler_terminate);
 
     return true;
 }
 
 bool AppInitParameterInteraction(Config &config) {
     const CChainParams &chainparams = config.GetChainParams();
     // Step 2: parameter interactions
 
     // also see: InitParameterInteraction()
 
     // if using block pruning, then disallow txindex
     if (gArgs.GetArg("-prune", 0)) {
         if (gArgs.GetBoolArg("-txindex", DEFAULT_TXINDEX))
             return InitError(_("Prune mode is incompatible with -txindex."));
     }
 
     // if space reserved for high priority transactions is misconfigured
     // stop program execution and warn the user with a proper error message
     const int64_t blkprio = gArgs.GetArg("-blockprioritypercentage",
                                          DEFAULT_BLOCK_PRIORITY_PERCENTAGE);
     if (!config.SetBlockPriorityPercentage(blkprio)) {
         return InitError(_("Block priority percentage has to belong to the "
                            "[0..100] interval."));
     }
 
     // Make sure enough file descriptors are available
     int nBind = std::max(
         (gArgs.IsArgSet("-bind") ? gArgs.GetArgs("-bind").size() : 0) +
             (gArgs.IsArgSet("-whitebind") ? gArgs.GetArgs("-whitebind").size()
                                           : 0),
         size_t(1));
     nUserMaxConnections =
         gArgs.GetArg("-maxconnections", DEFAULT_MAX_PEER_CONNECTIONS);
     nMaxConnections = std::max(nUserMaxConnections, 0);
 
     // Trim requested connection counts, to fit into system limitations
     nMaxConnections =
         std::max(std::min(nMaxConnections,
                           (int)(FD_SETSIZE - nBind - MIN_CORE_FILEDESCRIPTORS -
                                 MAX_ADDNODE_CONNECTIONS)),
                  0);
     nFD = RaiseFileDescriptorLimit(nMaxConnections + MIN_CORE_FILEDESCRIPTORS +
                                    MAX_ADDNODE_CONNECTIONS);
     if (nFD < MIN_CORE_FILEDESCRIPTORS)
         return InitError(_("Not enough file descriptors available."));
     nMaxConnections =
         std::min(nFD - MIN_CORE_FILEDESCRIPTORS - MAX_ADDNODE_CONNECTIONS,
                  nMaxConnections);
 
     if (nMaxConnections < nUserMaxConnections) {
         InitWarning(strprintf(_("Reducing -maxconnections from %d to %d, "
                                 "because of system limitations."),
                               nUserMaxConnections, nMaxConnections));
     }
 
     // Step 3: parameter-to-internal-flags
     if (gArgs.IsArgSet("-debug")) {
         // Special-case: if -debug=0/-nodebug is set, turn off debugging
         // messages
         const std::vector<std::string> &categories = gArgs.GetArgs("-debug");
         if (find(categories.begin(), categories.end(), std::string("0")) ==
             categories.end()) {
             for (const auto &cat : categories) {
                 uint32_t flag = 0;
                 if (!GetLogCategory(&flag, &cat)) {
                     InitWarning(
                         strprintf(_("Unsupported logging category %s=%s."),
                                   "-debug", cat));
                 }
                 logCategories |= flag;
             }
         }
     }
 
     // Now remove the logging categories which were explicitly excluded
     if (gArgs.IsArgSet("-debugexclude")) {
         for (const std::string &cat : gArgs.GetArgs("-debugexclude")) {
             uint32_t flag;
             if (!GetLogCategory(&flag, &cat)) {
                 InitWarning(strprintf(_("Unsupported logging category %s=%s."),
                                       "-debugexclude", cat));
             }
             logCategories &= ~flag;
         }
     }
 
     // Check for -debugnet
     if (gArgs.GetBoolArg("-debugnet", false))
         InitWarning(
             _("Unsupported argument -debugnet ignored, use -debug=net."));
     // Check for -socks - as this is a privacy risk to continue, exit here
     if (gArgs.IsArgSet("-socks"))
         return InitError(
             _("Unsupported argument -socks found. Setting SOCKS version isn't "
               "possible anymore, only SOCKS5 proxies are supported."));
     // Check for -tor - as this is a privacy risk to continue, exit here
     if (gArgs.GetBoolArg("-tor", false))
         return InitError(_("Unsupported argument -tor found, use -onion."));
 
     if (gArgs.GetBoolArg("-benchmark", false))
         InitWarning(
             _("Unsupported argument -benchmark ignored, use -debug=bench."));
 
     if (gArgs.GetBoolArg("-whitelistalwaysrelay", false))
         InitWarning(_("Unsupported argument -whitelistalwaysrelay ignored, use "
                       "-whitelistrelay and/or -whitelistforcerelay."));
 
     if (gArgs.IsArgSet("-blockminsize"))
         InitWarning("Unsupported argument -blockminsize ignored.");
 
     // Checkmempool and checkblockindex default to true in regtest mode
     int ratio = std::min<int>(
         std::max<int>(
             gArgs.GetArg("-checkmempool",
                          chainparams.DefaultConsistencyChecks() ? 1 : 0),
             0),
         1000000);
     if (ratio != 0) {
         mempool.setSanityCheck(1.0 / ratio);
     }
     fCheckBlockIndex = gArgs.GetBoolArg("-checkblockindex",
                                         chainparams.DefaultConsistencyChecks());
     fCheckpointsEnabled =
         gArgs.GetBoolArg("-checkpoints", DEFAULT_CHECKPOINTS_ENABLED);
 
     hashAssumeValid = uint256S(
         gArgs.GetArg("-assumevalid",
                      chainparams.GetConsensus().defaultAssumeValid.GetHex()));
     if (!hashAssumeValid.IsNull())
         LogPrintf("Assuming ancestors of block %s have valid signatures.\n",
                   hashAssumeValid.GetHex());
     else
         LogPrintf("Validating signatures for all blocks.\n");
 
     if (gArgs.IsArgSet("-minimumchainwork")) {
         const std::string minChainWorkStr =
             gArgs.GetArg("-minimumchainwork", "");
         if (!IsHexNumber(minChainWorkStr)) {
             return InitError(strprintf(
                 "Invalid non-hex (%s) minimum chain work value specified",
                 minChainWorkStr));
         }
         nMinimumChainWork = UintToArith256(uint256S(minChainWorkStr));
     } else {
         nMinimumChainWork =
             UintToArith256(chainparams.GetConsensus().nMinimumChainWork);
     }
     LogPrintf("Setting nMinimumChainWork=%s\n", nMinimumChainWork.GetHex());
     if (nMinimumChainWork <
         UintToArith256(chainparams.GetConsensus().nMinimumChainWork)) {
         LogPrintf("Warning: nMinimumChainWork set below default value of %s\n",
                   chainparams.GetConsensus().nMinimumChainWork.GetHex());
     }
 
     // mempool limits
     int64_t nMempoolSizeMax =
         gArgs.GetArg("-maxmempool", DEFAULT_MAX_MEMPOOL_SIZE) * 1000000;
     int64_t nMempoolSizeMin =
         gArgs.GetArg("-limitdescendantsize", DEFAULT_DESCENDANT_SIZE_LIMIT) *
         1000 * 40;
     if (nMempoolSizeMax < 0 || nMempoolSizeMax < nMempoolSizeMin)
         return InitError(strprintf(_("-maxmempool must be at least %d MB"),
                                    std::ceil(nMempoolSizeMin / 1000000.0)));
     // Incremental relay fee sets the minimimum feerate increase necessary for
     // BIP 125 replacement in the mempool and the amount the mempool min fee
     // increases above the feerate of txs evicted due to mempool limiting.
     if (gArgs.IsArgSet("-incrementalrelayfee")) {
         Amount n(0);
         if (!ParseMoney(gArgs.GetArg("-incrementalrelayfee", ""), n))
             return InitError(
                 AmountErrMsg("incrementalrelayfee",
                              gArgs.GetArg("-incrementalrelayfee", "")));
         incrementalRelayFee = CFeeRate(n);
     }
 
     // -par=0 means autodetect, but nScriptCheckThreads==0 means no concurrency
     nScriptCheckThreads = gArgs.GetArg("-par", DEFAULT_SCRIPTCHECK_THREADS);
     if (nScriptCheckThreads <= 0) nScriptCheckThreads += GetNumCores();
     if (nScriptCheckThreads <= 1)
         nScriptCheckThreads = 0;
     else if (nScriptCheckThreads > MAX_SCRIPTCHECK_THREADS)
         nScriptCheckThreads = MAX_SCRIPTCHECK_THREADS;
 
     // Configure excessive block size.
     const uint64_t nProposedExcessiveBlockSize =
         gArgs.GetArg("-excessiveblocksize", DEFAULT_MAX_BLOCK_SIZE);
     if (!config.SetMaxBlockSize(nProposedExcessiveBlockSize)) {
         return InitError(
             _("Excessive block size must be > 1,000,000 bytes (1MB)"));
     }
 
     // Check blockmaxsize does not exceed maximum accepted block size.
     const uint64_t nProposedMaxGeneratedBlockSize =
         gArgs.GetArg("-blockmaxsize", DEFAULT_MAX_GENERATED_BLOCK_SIZE);
     if (nProposedMaxGeneratedBlockSize > config.GetMaxBlockSize()) {
         auto msg = _("Max generated block size (blockmaxsize) cannot exceed "
                      "the excessive block size (excessiveblocksize)");
         return InitError(msg);
     }
 
     // block pruning; get the amount of disk space (in MiB) to allot for block &
     // undo files
     int64_t nPruneArg = gArgs.GetArg("-prune", 0);
     if (nPruneArg < 0) {
         return InitError(
             _("Prune cannot be configured with a negative value."));
     }
     nPruneTarget = (uint64_t)nPruneArg * 1024 * 1024;
     if (nPruneArg == 1) { // manual pruning: -prune=1
         LogPrintf("Block pruning enabled.  Use RPC call "
                   "pruneblockchain(height) to manually prune block and undo "
                   "files.\n");
         nPruneTarget = std::numeric_limits<uint64_t>::max();
         fPruneMode = true;
     } else if (nPruneTarget) {
         if (nPruneTarget < MIN_DISK_SPACE_FOR_BLOCK_FILES) {
             return InitError(
                 strprintf(_("Prune configured below the minimum of %d MiB.  "
                             "Please use a higher number."),
                           MIN_DISK_SPACE_FOR_BLOCK_FILES / 1024 / 1024));
         }
         LogPrintf("Prune configured to target %uMiB on disk for block and undo "
                   "files.\n",
                   nPruneTarget / 1024 / 1024);
         fPruneMode = true;
     }
 
     RegisterAllRPCCommands(tableRPC);
 #ifdef ENABLE_WALLET
     RegisterWalletRPCCommands(tableRPC);
     RegisterDumpRPCCommands(tableRPC);
 #endif
 
     nConnectTimeout = gArgs.GetArg("-timeout", DEFAULT_CONNECT_TIMEOUT);
     if (nConnectTimeout <= 0) nConnectTimeout = DEFAULT_CONNECT_TIMEOUT;
 
     // Obtain the amount to charge excess UTXO
     if (gArgs.IsArgSet("-excessutxocharge")) {
         Amount n(0);
         auto parsed = ParseMoney(gArgs.GetArg("-excessutxocharge", ""), n);
         if (!parsed || Amount(0) > n)
             return InitError(AmountErrMsg(
                 "excessutxocharge", gArgs.GetArg("-excessutxocharge", "")));
         config.SetExcessUTXOCharge(n);
     } else {
         config.SetExcessUTXOCharge(DEFAULT_UTXO_FEE);
     }
 
     // Fee-per-kilobyte amount considered the same as "free". If you are mining,
     // be careful setting this: if you set it to zero then a transaction spammer
     // can cheaply fill blocks using 1-satoshi-fee transactions. It should be
     // set above the real cost to you of processing a transaction.
     if (gArgs.IsArgSet("-minrelaytxfee")) {
         Amount n(0);
         auto parsed = ParseMoney(gArgs.GetArg("-minrelaytxfee", ""), n);
         if (!parsed || Amount(0) == n)
             return InitError(AmountErrMsg("minrelaytxfee",
                                           gArgs.GetArg("-minrelaytxfee", "")));
         // High fee check is done afterward in CWallet::ParameterInteraction()
         ::minRelayTxFee = CFeeRate(n);
     } else if (incrementalRelayFee > ::minRelayTxFee) {
         // Allow only setting incrementalRelayFee to control both
         ::minRelayTxFee = incrementalRelayFee;
         LogPrintf(
             "Increasing minrelaytxfee to %s to match incrementalrelayfee\n",
             ::minRelayTxFee.ToString());
     }
 
     // Sanity check argument for min fee for including tx in block
     // TODO: Harmonize which arguments need sanity checking and where that
     // happens.
     if (gArgs.IsArgSet("-blockmintxfee")) {
         Amount n(0);
         if (!ParseMoney(gArgs.GetArg("-blockmintxfee", ""), n))
             return InitError(AmountErrMsg("blockmintxfee",
                                           gArgs.GetArg("-blockmintxfee", "")));
     }
 
     // Feerate used to define dust.  Shouldn't be changed lightly as old
     // implementations may inadvertently create non-standard transactions.
     if (gArgs.IsArgSet("-dustrelayfee")) {
         Amount n(0);
         auto parsed = ParseMoney(gArgs.GetArg("-dustrelayfee", ""), n);
         if (!parsed || Amount(0) == n)
             return InitError(AmountErrMsg("dustrelayfee",
                                           gArgs.GetArg("-dustrelayfee", "")));
         dustRelayFee = CFeeRate(n);
     }
 
     fRequireStandard =
         !gArgs.GetBoolArg("-acceptnonstdtxn", !chainparams.RequireStandard());
     if (chainparams.RequireStandard() && !fRequireStandard)
         return InitError(
             strprintf("acceptnonstdtxn is not currently supported for %s chain",
                       chainparams.NetworkIDString()));
     nBytesPerSigOp = gArgs.GetArg("-bytespersigop", nBytesPerSigOp);
 
 #ifdef ENABLE_WALLET
     if (!CWallet::ParameterInteraction()) return false;
 #endif
 
     fIsBareMultisigStd =
         gArgs.GetBoolArg("-permitbaremultisig", DEFAULT_PERMIT_BAREMULTISIG);
     fAcceptDatacarrier =
         gArgs.GetBoolArg("-datacarrier", DEFAULT_ACCEPT_DATACARRIER);
 
     // Option to startup with mocktime set (used for regression testing):
     SetMockTime(gArgs.GetArg("-mocktime", 0)); // SetMockTime(0) is a no-op
 
     if (gArgs.GetBoolArg("-peerbloomfilters", DEFAULT_PEERBLOOMFILTERS))
         nLocalServices = ServiceFlags(nLocalServices | NODE_BLOOM);
 
     // Signal Bitcoin Cash support.
     // TODO: remove some time after the hardfork when no longer needed
     // to differentiate the network nodes.
     nLocalServices = ServiceFlags(nLocalServices | NODE_BITCOIN_CASH);
 
     nMaxTipAge = gArgs.GetArg("-maxtipage", DEFAULT_MAX_TIP_AGE);
 
     if (gArgs.IsArgSet("-bip9params")) {
         // Allow overriding BIP9 parameters for testing
         if (!chainparams.MineBlocksOnDemand()) {
             return InitError(
                 "BIP9 parameters may only be overridden on regtest.");
         }
         for (const std::string &strDeployment : gArgs.GetArgs("-bip9params")) {
             std::vector<std::string> vDeploymentParams;
             boost::split(vDeploymentParams, strDeployment,
                          boost::is_any_of(":"));
             if (vDeploymentParams.size() != 3) {
                 return InitError("BIP9 parameters malformed, expecting "
                                  "deployment:start:end");
             }
             int64_t nStartTime, nTimeout;
             if (!ParseInt64(vDeploymentParams[1], &nStartTime)) {
                 return InitError(
                     strprintf("Invalid nStartTime (%s)", vDeploymentParams[1]));
             }
             if (!ParseInt64(vDeploymentParams[2], &nTimeout)) {
                 return InitError(
                     strprintf("Invalid nTimeout (%s)", vDeploymentParams[2]));
             }
             bool found = false;
             for (int j = 0; j < (int)Consensus::MAX_VERSION_BITS_DEPLOYMENTS;
                  ++j) {
                 if (vDeploymentParams[0].compare(
                         VersionBitsDeploymentInfo[j].name) == 0) {
                     UpdateBIP9Parameters(Consensus::DeploymentPos(j),
                                          nStartTime, nTimeout);
                     found = true;
                     LogPrintf("Setting BIP9 activation parameters for %s to "
                               "start=%ld, timeout=%ld\n",
                               vDeploymentParams[0], nStartTime, nTimeout);
                     break;
                 }
             }
             if (!found) {
                 return InitError(
                     strprintf("Invalid deployment (%s)", vDeploymentParams[0]));
             }
         }
     }
 
     return true;
 }
 
 static bool LockDataDirectory(bool probeOnly) {
     std::string strDataDir = GetDataDir().string();
 
     // Make sure only a single Bitcoin process is using the data directory.
     fs::path pathLockFile = GetDataDir() / ".lock";
     // empty lock file; created if it doesn't exist.
     FILE *file = fsbridge::fopen(pathLockFile, "a");
     if (file) fclose(file);
 
     try {
         static boost::interprocess::file_lock lock(
             pathLockFile.string().c_str());
         if (!lock.try_lock()) {
             return InitError(
                 strprintf(_("Cannot obtain a lock on data directory %s. %s is "
                             "probably already running."),
                           strDataDir, _(PACKAGE_NAME)));
         }
         if (probeOnly) {
             lock.unlock();
         }
     } catch (const boost::interprocess::interprocess_exception &e) {
         return InitError(strprintf(_("Cannot obtain a lock on data directory "
                                      "%s. %s is probably already running.") +
                                        " %s.",
                                    strDataDir, _(PACKAGE_NAME), e.what()));
     }
     return true;
 }
 
 bool AppInitSanityChecks() {
     // Step 4: sanity checks
 
     // Initialize elliptic curve code
     std::string sha256_algo = SHA256AutoDetect();
     LogPrintf("Using the '%s' SHA256 implementation\n", sha256_algo);
     RandomInit();
     ECC_Start();
     globalVerifyHandle.reset(new ECCVerifyHandle());
 
     // Sanity check
     if (!InitSanityCheck()) {
         return InitError(strprintf(
             _("Initialization sanity check failed. %s is shutting down."),
             _(PACKAGE_NAME)));
     }
 
     // Probe the data directory lock to give an early error message, if possible
     return LockDataDirectory(true);
 }
 
 bool AppInitMain(Config &config, boost::thread_group &threadGroup,
                  CScheduler &scheduler) {
     const CChainParams &chainparams = config.GetChainParams();
     // Step 4a: application initialization
 
     // After daemonization get the data directory lock again and hold on to it
     // until exit. This creates a slight window for a race condition to happen,
     // however this condition is harmless: it will at most make us exit without
     // printing a message to console.
     if (!LockDataDirectory(false)) {
         // Detailed error printed inside LockDataDirectory
         return false;
     }
 
 #ifndef WIN32
     CreatePidFile(GetPidFile(), getpid());
 #endif
 
     BCLog::Logger &logger = GetLogger();
 
     if (gArgs.GetBoolArg("-shrinkdebugfile", logCategories != BCLog::NONE)) {
         // Do this first since it both loads a bunch of debug.log into memory,
         // and because this needs to happen before any other debug.log printing.
-        ShrinkDebugFile();
+        logger.ShrinkDebugFile();
     }
 
     if (logger.fPrintToDebugLog) {
-        OpenDebugLog();
+        logger.OpenDebugLog();
     }
 
     if (!logger.fLogTimestamps) {
         LogPrintf("Startup time: %s\n",
                   DateTimeStrFormat("%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S", GetTime()));
     }
     LogPrintf("Default data directory %s\n", GetDefaultDataDir().string());
     LogPrintf("Using data directory %s\n", GetDataDir().string());
     LogPrintf(
         "Using config file %s\n",
         GetConfigFile(gArgs.GetArg("-conf", BITCOIN_CONF_FILENAME)).string());
     LogPrintf("Using at most %i automatic connections (%i file descriptors "
               "available)\n",
               nMaxConnections, nFD);
 
     InitSignatureCache();
     InitScriptExecutionCache();
 
     LogPrintf("Using %u threads for script verification\n",
               nScriptCheckThreads);
     if (nScriptCheckThreads) {
         for (int i = 0; i < nScriptCheckThreads - 1; i++) {
             threadGroup.create_thread(&ThreadScriptCheck);
         }
     }
 
     // Start the lightweight task scheduler thread
     CScheduler::Function serviceLoop =
         boost::bind(&CScheduler::serviceQueue, &scheduler);
     threadGroup.create_thread(boost::bind(&TraceThread<CScheduler::Function>,
                                           "scheduler", serviceLoop));
 
     /* Start the RPC server already.  It will be started in "warmup" mode
      * and not really process calls already (but it will signify connections
      * that the server is there and will be ready later).  Warmup mode will
      * be disabled when initialisation is finished.
      */
     if (gArgs.GetBoolArg("-server", false)) {
         uiInterface.InitMessage.connect(SetRPCWarmupStatus);
         if (!AppInitServers(config, threadGroup)) {
             return InitError(
                 _("Unable to start HTTP server. See debug log for details."));
         }
     }
 
     int64_t nStart;
 
 // Step 5: verify wallet database integrity
 #ifdef ENABLE_WALLET
     if (!CWallet::Verify(chainparams)) {
         return false;
     }
 #endif
     // Step 6: network initialization
 
     // Note that we absolutely cannot open any actual connections
     // until the very end ("start node") as the UTXO/block state
     // is not yet setup and may end up being set up twice if we
     // need to reindex later.
 
     assert(!g_connman);
     g_connman = std::unique_ptr<CConnman>(
         new CConnman(config, GetRand(std::numeric_limits<uint64_t>::max()),
                      GetRand(std::numeric_limits<uint64_t>::max())));
     CConnman &connman = *g_connman;
 
     peerLogic.reset(new PeerLogicValidation(&connman));
     RegisterValidationInterface(peerLogic.get());
     RegisterNodeSignals(GetNodeSignals());
 
     if (gArgs.IsArgSet("-onlynet")) {
         std::set<enum Network> nets;
         for (const std::string &snet : gArgs.GetArgs("-onlynet")) {
             enum Network net = ParseNetwork(snet);
             if (net == NET_UNROUTABLE)
                 return InitError(strprintf(
                     _("Unknown network specified in -onlynet: '%s'"), snet));
             nets.insert(net);
         }
         for (int n = 0; n < NET_MAX; n++) {
             enum Network net = (enum Network)n;
             if (!nets.count(net)) SetLimited(net);
         }
     }
 
     if (gArgs.IsArgSet("-whitelist")) {
         for (const std::string &net : gArgs.GetArgs("-whitelist")) {
             CSubNet subnet;
             LookupSubNet(net.c_str(), subnet);
             if (!subnet.IsValid())
                 return InitError(strprintf(
                     _("Invalid netmask specified in -whitelist: '%s'"), net));
             connman.AddWhitelistedRange(subnet);
         }
     }
 
     bool proxyRandomize =
         gArgs.GetBoolArg("-proxyrandomize", DEFAULT_PROXYRANDOMIZE);
     // -proxy sets a proxy for all outgoing network traffic
     // -noproxy (or -proxy=0) as well as the empty string can be used to not set
     // a proxy, this is the default
     std::string proxyArg = gArgs.GetArg("-proxy", "");
     SetLimited(NET_TOR);
     if (proxyArg != "" && proxyArg != "0") {
         CService resolved(LookupNumeric(proxyArg.c_str(), 9050));
         proxyType addrProxy = proxyType(resolved, proxyRandomize);
         if (!addrProxy.IsValid()) {
             return InitError(
                 strprintf(_("Invalid -proxy address: '%s'"), proxyArg));
         }
 
         SetProxy(NET_IPV4, addrProxy);
         SetProxy(NET_IPV6, addrProxy);
         SetProxy(NET_TOR, addrProxy);
         SetNameProxy(addrProxy);
         SetLimited(NET_TOR, false); // by default, -proxy sets onion as
                                     // reachable, unless -noonion later
     }
 
     // -onion can be used to set only a proxy for .onion, or override normal
     // proxy for .onion addresses.
     // -noonion (or -onion=0) disables connecting to .onion entirely. An empty
     // string is used to not override the onion proxy (in which case it defaults
     // to -proxy set above, or none)
     std::string onionArg = gArgs.GetArg("-onion", "");
     if (onionArg != "") {
         if (onionArg == "0") {   // Handle -noonion/-onion=0
             SetLimited(NET_TOR); // set onions as unreachable
         } else {
             CService resolved(LookupNumeric(onionArg.c_str(), 9050));
             proxyType addrOnion = proxyType(resolved, proxyRandomize);
             if (!addrOnion.IsValid()) {
                 return InitError(
                     strprintf(_("Invalid -onion address: '%s'"), onionArg));
             }
             SetProxy(NET_TOR, addrOnion);
             SetLimited(NET_TOR, false);
         }
     }
 
     // see Step 2: parameter interactions for more information about these
     fListen = gArgs.GetBoolArg("-listen", DEFAULT_LISTEN);
     fDiscover = gArgs.GetBoolArg("-discover", true);
     fNameLookup = gArgs.GetBoolArg("-dns", DEFAULT_NAME_LOOKUP);
     fRelayTxes = !gArgs.GetBoolArg("-blocksonly", DEFAULT_BLOCKSONLY);
 
     if (fListen) {
         bool fBound = false;
         if (gArgs.IsArgSet("-bind")) {
             for (const std::string &strBind : gArgs.GetArgs("-bind")) {
                 CService addrBind;
                 if (!Lookup(strBind.c_str(), addrBind, GetListenPort(),
                             false)) {
                     return InitError(ResolveErrMsg("bind", strBind));
                 }
                 fBound |=
                     Bind(connman, addrBind, (BF_EXPLICIT | BF_REPORT_ERROR));
             }
         }
         if (gArgs.IsArgSet("-whitebind")) {
             for (const std::string &strBind : gArgs.GetArgs("-whitebind")) {
                 CService addrBind;
                 if (!Lookup(strBind.c_str(), addrBind, 0, false)) {
                     return InitError(ResolveErrMsg("whitebind", strBind));
                 }
                 if (addrBind.GetPort() == 0) {
                     return InitError(strprintf(
                         _("Need to specify a port with -whitebind: '%s'"),
                         strBind));
                 }
                 fBound |= Bind(connman, addrBind,
                                (BF_EXPLICIT | BF_REPORT_ERROR | BF_WHITELIST));
             }
         }
         if (!gArgs.IsArgSet("-bind") && !gArgs.IsArgSet("-whitebind")) {
             struct in_addr inaddr_any;
             inaddr_any.s_addr = INADDR_ANY;
             fBound |=
                 Bind(connman, CService(in6addr_any, GetListenPort()), BF_NONE);
             fBound |= Bind(connman, CService(inaddr_any, GetListenPort()),
                            !fBound ? BF_REPORT_ERROR : BF_NONE);
         }
         if (!fBound) {
             return InitError(_("Failed to listen on any port. Use -listen=0 if "
                                "you want this."));
         }
     }
 
     if (gArgs.IsArgSet("-externalip")) {
         for (const std::string &strAddr : gArgs.GetArgs("-externalip")) {
             CService addrLocal;
             if (Lookup(strAddr.c_str(), addrLocal, GetListenPort(),
                        fNameLookup) &&
                 addrLocal.IsValid()) {
                 AddLocal(addrLocal, LOCAL_MANUAL);
             } else {
                 return InitError(ResolveErrMsg("externalip", strAddr));
             }
         }
     }
 
     if (gArgs.IsArgSet("-seednode")) {
         for (const std::string &strDest : gArgs.GetArgs("-seednode")) {
             connman.AddOneShot(strDest);
         }
     }
 
 #if ENABLE_ZMQ
     pzmqNotificationInterface = CZMQNotificationInterface::Create();
 
     if (pzmqNotificationInterface) {
         RegisterValidationInterface(pzmqNotificationInterface);
     }
 #endif
     // unlimited unless -maxuploadtarget is set
     uint64_t nMaxOutboundLimit = 0;
     uint64_t nMaxOutboundTimeframe = MAX_UPLOAD_TIMEFRAME;
 
     if (gArgs.IsArgSet("-maxuploadtarget")) {
         nMaxOutboundLimit =
             gArgs.GetArg("-maxuploadtarget", DEFAULT_MAX_UPLOAD_TARGET) * 1024 *
             1024;
     }
 
     // Step 7: load block chain
 
     fReindex = gArgs.GetBoolArg("-reindex", false);
     bool fReindexChainState = gArgs.GetBoolArg("-reindex-chainstate", false);
 
     // cache size calculations
     int64_t nTotalCache = (gArgs.GetArg("-dbcache", nDefaultDbCache) << 20);
     // total cache cannot be less than nMinDbCache
     nTotalCache = std::max(nTotalCache, nMinDbCache << 20);
     // total cache cannot be greater than nMaxDbcache
     nTotalCache = std::min(nTotalCache, nMaxDbCache << 20);
     int64_t nBlockTreeDBCache = nTotalCache / 8;
     nBlockTreeDBCache = std::min(nBlockTreeDBCache,
                                  (gArgs.GetBoolArg("-txindex", DEFAULT_TXINDEX)
                                       ? nMaxBlockDBAndTxIndexCache
                                       : nMaxBlockDBCache)
                                      << 20);
     nTotalCache -= nBlockTreeDBCache;
     // use 25%-50% of the remainder for disk cache
     int64_t nCoinDBCache =
         std::min(nTotalCache / 2, (nTotalCache / 4) + (1 << 23));
     // cap total coins db cache
     nCoinDBCache = std::min(nCoinDBCache, nMaxCoinsDBCache << 20);
     nTotalCache -= nCoinDBCache;
     // the rest goes to in-memory cache
     nCoinCacheUsage = nTotalCache;
     int64_t nMempoolSizeMax =
         gArgs.GetArg("-maxmempool", DEFAULT_MAX_MEMPOOL_SIZE) * 1000000;
     LogPrintf("Cache configuration:\n");
     LogPrintf("* Using %.1fMiB for block index database\n",
               nBlockTreeDBCache * (1.0 / 1024 / 1024));
     LogPrintf("* Using %.1fMiB for chain state database\n",
               nCoinDBCache * (1.0 / 1024 / 1024));
     LogPrintf("* Using %.1fMiB for in-memory UTXO set (plus up to %.1fMiB of "
               "unused mempool space)\n",
               nCoinCacheUsage * (1.0 / 1024 / 1024),
               nMempoolSizeMax * (1.0 / 1024 / 1024));
 
     bool fLoaded = false;
     while (!fLoaded && !fRequestShutdown) {
         bool fReset = fReindex;
         std::string strLoadError;
 
         uiInterface.InitMessage(_("Loading block index..."));
 
         nStart = GetTimeMillis();
         do {
             try {
                 UnloadBlockIndex();
                 delete pcoinsTip;
                 delete pcoinsdbview;
                 delete pcoinscatcher;
                 delete pblocktree;
 
                 pblocktree =
                     new CBlockTreeDB(nBlockTreeDBCache, false, fReindex);
                 pcoinsdbview = new CCoinsViewDB(nCoinDBCache, false,
                                                 fReindex || fReindexChainState);
                 pcoinscatcher = new CCoinsViewErrorCatcher(pcoinsdbview);
 
                 if (fReindex) {
                     pblocktree->WriteReindexing(true);
                     // If we're reindexing in prune mode, wipe away unusable
                     // block files and all undo data files
                     if (fPruneMode) {
                         CleanupBlockRevFiles();
                     }
                 } else if (!pcoinsdbview->Upgrade()) {
                     strLoadError = _("Error upgrading chainstate database");
                     break;
                 }
                 if (fRequestShutdown) break;
 
                 if (!LoadBlockIndex(chainparams)) {
                     strLoadError = _("Error loading block database");
                     break;
                 }
 
                 // If the loaded chain has a wrong genesis, bail out immediately
                 // (we're likely using a testnet datadir, or the other way
                 // around).
                 if (!mapBlockIndex.empty() &&
                     mapBlockIndex.count(
                         chainparams.GetConsensus().hashGenesisBlock) == 0) {
                     return InitError(_("Incorrect or no genesis block found. "
                                        "Wrong datadir for network?"));
                 }
 
                 // Initialize the block index (no-op if non-empty database was
                 // already loaded)
                 if (!InitBlockIndex(config)) {
                     strLoadError = _("Error initializing block database");
                     break;
                 }
 
                 // Check for changed -txindex state
                 if (fTxIndex != gArgs.GetBoolArg("-txindex", DEFAULT_TXINDEX)) {
                     strLoadError = _("You need to rebuild the database using "
                                      "-reindex-chainstate to change -txindex");
                     break;
                 }
 
                 // Check for changed -prune state.  What we are concerned about
                 // is a user who has pruned blocks in the past, but is now
                 // trying to run unpruned.
                 if (fHavePruned && !fPruneMode) {
                     strLoadError =
                         _("You need to rebuild the database using -reindex to "
                           "go back to unpruned mode.  This will redownload the "
                           "entire blockchain");
                     break;
                 }
 
                 if (!ReplayBlocks(config, pcoinsdbview)) {
                     strLoadError =
                         _("Unable to replay blocks. You will need to rebuild "
                           "the database using -reindex-chainstate.");
                     break;
                 }
 
                 pcoinsTip = new CCoinsViewCache(pcoinscatcher);
                 LoadChainTip(chainparams);
 
                 if (!fReindex && chainActive.Tip() != nullptr) {
                     uiInterface.InitMessage(_("Rewinding blocks..."));
                     if (!RewindBlockIndex(config)) {
                         strLoadError = _("Unable to rewind the database to a "
                                          "pre-fork state. You will need to "
                                          "redownload the blockchain");
                         break;
                     }
                 }
 
                 uiInterface.InitMessage(_("Verifying blocks..."));
                 if (fHavePruned &&
                     gArgs.GetArg("-checkblocks", DEFAULT_CHECKBLOCKS) >
                         MIN_BLOCKS_TO_KEEP) {
                     LogPrintf("Prune: pruned datadir may not have more than %d "
                               "blocks; only checking available blocks",
                               MIN_BLOCKS_TO_KEEP);
                 }
 
                 {
                     LOCK(cs_main);
                     CBlockIndex *tip = chainActive.Tip();
                     RPCNotifyBlockChange(true, tip);
                     if (tip &&
                         tip->nTime >
                             GetAdjustedTime() + MAX_FUTURE_BLOCK_TIME) {
                         strLoadError =
                             _("The block database contains a block which "
                               "appears to be from the future. "
                               "This may be due to your computer's date and "
                               "time being set incorrectly. "
                               "Only rebuild the block database if you are sure "
                               "that your computer's date and time are correct");
                         break;
                     }
                 }
 
                 if (!CVerifyDB().VerifyDB(
                         config, pcoinsdbview,
                         gArgs.GetArg("-checklevel", DEFAULT_CHECKLEVEL),
                         gArgs.GetArg("-checkblocks", DEFAULT_CHECKBLOCKS))) {
                     strLoadError = _("Corrupted block database detected");
                     break;
                 }
             } catch (const std::exception &e) {
                 LogPrintf("%s\n", e.what());
                 strLoadError = _("Error opening block database");
                 break;
             }
 
             fLoaded = true;
         } while (false);
 
         if (!fLoaded && !fRequestShutdown) {
             // first suggest a reindex
             if (!fReset) {
                 bool fRet = uiInterface.ThreadSafeQuestion(
                     strLoadError + ".\n\n" +
                         _("Do you want to rebuild the block database now?"),
                     strLoadError + ".\nPlease restart with -reindex or "
                                    "-reindex-chainstate to recover.",
                     "",
                     CClientUIInterface::MSG_ERROR |
                         CClientUIInterface::BTN_ABORT);
                 if (fRet) {
                     fReindex = true;
                     fRequestShutdown = false;
                 } else {
                     LogPrintf("Aborted block database rebuild. Exiting.\n");
                     return false;
                 }
             } else {
                 return InitError(strLoadError);
             }
         }
     }
 
     // As LoadBlockIndex can take several minutes, it's possible the user
     // requested to kill the GUI during the last operation. If so, exit.
     // As the program has not fully started yet, Shutdown() is possibly
     // overkill.
     if (fRequestShutdown) {
         LogPrintf("Shutdown requested. Exiting.\n");
         return false;
     }
     LogPrintf(" block index %15dms\n", GetTimeMillis() - nStart);
 
     fs::path est_path = GetDataDir() / FEE_ESTIMATES_FILENAME;
     CAutoFile est_filein(fsbridge::fopen(est_path, "rb"), SER_DISK,
                          CLIENT_VERSION);
     // Allowed to fail as this file IS missing on first startup.
     if (!est_filein.IsNull()) mempool.ReadFeeEstimates(est_filein);
     fFeeEstimatesInitialized = true;
 
     // Encoded addresses using cashaddr instead of base58
     // Activates by default on Jan, 14
     config.SetCashAddrEncoding(
         gArgs.GetBoolArg("-usecashaddr", GetAdjustedTime() > 1515900000));
 
 // Step 8: load wallet
 #ifdef ENABLE_WALLET
     if (!CWallet::InitLoadWallet(chainparams)) return false;
 #else
     LogPrintf("No wallet support compiled in!\n");
 #endif
 
     // Step 9: data directory maintenance
 
     // if pruning, unset the service bit and perform the initial blockstore
     // prune after any wallet rescanning has taken place.
     if (fPruneMode) {
         LogPrintf("Unsetting NODE_NETWORK on prune mode\n");
         nLocalServices = ServiceFlags(nLocalServices & ~NODE_NETWORK);
         if (!fReindex) {
             uiInterface.InitMessage(_("Pruning blockstore..."));
             PruneAndFlush();
         }
     }
 
     // Step 10: import blocks
 
     if (!CheckDiskSpace()) {
         return false;
     }
 
     // Either install a handler to notify us when genesis activates, or set
     // fHaveGenesis directly.
     // No locking, as this happens before any background thread is started.
     if (chainActive.Tip() == nullptr) {
         uiInterface.NotifyBlockTip.connect(BlockNotifyGenesisWait);
     } else {
         fHaveGenesis = true;
     }
 
     if (gArgs.IsArgSet("-blocknotify")) {
         uiInterface.NotifyBlockTip.connect(BlockNotifyCallback);
     }
 
     std::vector<fs::path> vImportFiles;
     if (gArgs.IsArgSet("-loadblock")) {
         for (const std::string &strFile : gArgs.GetArgs("-loadblock")) {
             vImportFiles.push_back(strFile);
         }
     }
 
     threadGroup.create_thread(
         boost::bind(&ThreadImport, std::ref(config), vImportFiles));
 
     // Wait for genesis block to be processed
     {
         boost::unique_lock<boost::mutex> lock(cs_GenesisWait);
         while (!fHaveGenesis) {
             condvar_GenesisWait.wait(lock);
         }
         uiInterface.NotifyBlockTip.disconnect(BlockNotifyGenesisWait);
     }
 
     // Step 11: start node
 
     //// debug print
     LogPrintf("mapBlockIndex.size() = %u\n", mapBlockIndex.size());
     LogPrintf("nBestHeight = %d\n", chainActive.Height());
     if (gArgs.GetBoolArg("-listenonion", DEFAULT_LISTEN_ONION)) {
         StartTorControl(threadGroup, scheduler);
     }
 
     Discover(threadGroup);
 
     // Map ports with UPnP
     MapPort(gArgs.GetBoolArg("-upnp", DEFAULT_UPNP));
 
     std::string strNodeError;
     CConnman::Options connOptions;
     connOptions.nLocalServices = nLocalServices;
     connOptions.nRelevantServices = nRelevantServices;
     connOptions.nMaxConnections = nMaxConnections;
     connOptions.nMaxOutbound =
         std::min(MAX_OUTBOUND_CONNECTIONS, connOptions.nMaxConnections);
     connOptions.nMaxAddnode = MAX_ADDNODE_CONNECTIONS;
     connOptions.nMaxFeeler = 1;
     connOptions.nBestHeight = chainActive.Height();
     connOptions.uiInterface = &uiInterface;
     connOptions.nSendBufferMaxSize =
         1000 * gArgs.GetArg("-maxsendbuffer", DEFAULT_MAXSENDBUFFER);
     connOptions.nReceiveFloodSize =
         1000 * gArgs.GetArg("-maxreceivebuffer", DEFAULT_MAXRECEIVEBUFFER);
 
     connOptions.nMaxOutboundTimeframe = nMaxOutboundTimeframe;
     connOptions.nMaxOutboundLimit = nMaxOutboundLimit;
 
     if (!connman.Start(scheduler, strNodeError, connOptions)) {
         return InitError(strNodeError);
     }
 
     // Step 12: finished
 
     SetRPCWarmupFinished();
     uiInterface.InitMessage(_("Done loading"));
 
 #ifdef ENABLE_WALLET
     for (CWalletRef pwallet : vpwallets) {
         pwallet->postInitProcess(scheduler);
     }
 #endif
 
     return !fRequestShutdown;
 }
diff --git a/src/logging.cpp b/src/logging.cpp
index 625504c8d1..f3e4d193e1 100644
--- a/src/logging.cpp
+++ b/src/logging.cpp
@@ -1,242 +1,208 @@
 // Copyright (c) 2009-2010 Satoshi Nakamoto
 // Copyright (c) 2009-2016 The Bitcoin Core developers
 // Copyright (c) 2017-2018 The Bitcoin developers
 // Distributed under the MIT software license, see the accompanying
 // file COPYING or http://www.opensource.org/licenses/mit-license.php.
 
 #include "logging.h"
 #include "util.h"
 #include "utilstrencodings.h"
 #include "utiltime.h"
 
-#include <boost/thread/mutex.hpp>
-#include <boost/thread/once.hpp>
-
 bool fLogIPs = DEFAULT_LOGIPS;
 
 /**
  * NOTE: the logger instance is leaked on exit. This is ugly, but will be
  * cleaned up by the OS/libc. Defining a logger as a global object doesn't work
  * since the order of destruction of static/global objects is undefined.
  * Consider if the logger gets destroyed, and then some later destructor calls
  * LogPrintf, maybe indirectly, and you get a core dump at shutdown trying to
  * access the logger. When the shutdown sequence is fully audited and tested,
  * explicit destruction of these objects can be implemented by changing this
  * from a raw pointer to a std::unique_ptr.
  *
  * This method of initialization was originally introduced in
  * ee3374234c60aba2cc4c5cd5cac1c0aefc2d817c.
  */
 BCLog::Logger &GetLogger() {
     static BCLog::Logger *const logger = new BCLog::Logger();
     return *logger;
 }
 
 /**
  * Log categories bitfield. Leveldb/libevent need special handling if their
  * flags are changed at runtime.
  */
 std::atomic<uint32_t> logCategories(0);
 
-/**
- * LogPrintf() has been broken a couple of times now by well-meaning people
- * adding mutexes in the most straightforward way. It breaks because it may be
- * called by global destructors during shutdown. Since the order of destruction
- * of static/global objects is undefined, defining a mutex as a global object
- * doesn't work (the mutex gets destroyed, and then some later destructor calls
- * OutputDebugStringF, maybe indirectly, and you get a core dump at shutdown
- * trying to lock the mutex).
- */
-static boost::once_flag debugPrintInitFlag = BOOST_ONCE_INIT;
-
-/**
- * We use boost::call_once() to make sure mutexDebugLog and vMsgsBeforeOpenLog
- * are initialized in a thread-safe manner.
- *
- * NOTE: fileout, mutexDebugLog and sometimes vMsgsBeforeOpenLog are leaked on
- * exit. This is ugly, but will be cleaned up by the OS/libc. When the shutdown
- * sequence is fully audited and tested, explicit destruction of these objects
- * can be implemented.
- */
-static FILE *fileout = nullptr;
-static boost::mutex *mutexDebugLog = nullptr;
-static std::list<std::string> *vMsgsBeforeOpenLog;
-
 static int FileWriteStr(const std::string &str, FILE *fp) {
     return fwrite(str.data(), 1, str.size(), fp);
 }
 
-static void DebugPrintInit() {
-    assert(mutexDebugLog == nullptr);
-    mutexDebugLog = new boost::mutex();
-    vMsgsBeforeOpenLog = new std::list<std::string>;
-}
-
-void OpenDebugLog() {
-    boost::call_once(&DebugPrintInit, debugPrintInitFlag);
-    boost::mutex::scoped_lock scoped_lock(*mutexDebugLog);
+void BCLog::Logger::OpenDebugLog() {
+    boost::mutex::scoped_lock scoped_lock(mutexDebugLog);
 
     assert(fileout == nullptr);
-    assert(vMsgsBeforeOpenLog);
     fs::path pathDebug = GetDataDir() / "debug.log";
     fileout = fsbridge::fopen(pathDebug, "a");
     if (fileout) {
         // Unbuffered.
         setbuf(fileout, nullptr);
         // Dump buffered messages from before we opened the log.
-        while (!vMsgsBeforeOpenLog->empty()) {
-            FileWriteStr(vMsgsBeforeOpenLog->front(), fileout);
-            vMsgsBeforeOpenLog->pop_front();
+        while (!vMsgsBeforeOpenLog.empty()) {
+            FileWriteStr(vMsgsBeforeOpenLog.front(), fileout);
+            vMsgsBeforeOpenLog.pop_front();
         }
     }
-
-    delete vMsgsBeforeOpenLog;
-    vMsgsBeforeOpenLog = nullptr;
 }
 
 struct CLogCategoryDesc {
     uint32_t flag;
     std::string category;
 };
 
 const CLogCategoryDesc LogCategories[] = {
     {BCLog::NONE, "0"},
     {BCLog::NET, "net"},
     {BCLog::TOR, "tor"},
     {BCLog::MEMPOOL, "mempool"},
     {BCLog::HTTP, "http"},
     {BCLog::BENCH, "bench"},
     {BCLog::ZMQ, "zmq"},
     {BCLog::DB, "db"},
     {BCLog::RPC, "rpc"},
     {BCLog::ESTIMATEFEE, "estimatefee"},
     {BCLog::ADDRMAN, "addrman"},
     {BCLog::SELECTCOINS, "selectcoins"},
     {BCLog::REINDEX, "reindex"},
     {BCLog::CMPCTBLOCK, "cmpctblock"},
     {BCLog::RAND, "rand"},
     {BCLog::PRUNE, "prune"},
     {BCLog::PROXY, "proxy"},
     {BCLog::MEMPOOLREJ, "mempoolrej"},
     {BCLog::LIBEVENT, "libevent"},
     {BCLog::COINDB, "coindb"},
     {BCLog::QT, "qt"},
     {BCLog::LEVELDB, "leveldb"},
     {BCLog::ALL, "1"},
     {BCLog::ALL, "all"},
 };
 
 bool GetLogCategory(uint32_t *f, const std::string *str) {
     if (f && str) {
         if (*str == "") {
             *f = BCLog::ALL;
             return true;
         }
         for (unsigned int i = 0; i < ARRAYLEN(LogCategories); i++) {
             if (LogCategories[i].category == *str) {
                 *f = LogCategories[i].flag;
                 return true;
             }
         }
     }
     return false;
 }
 
 std::string ListLogCategories() {
     std::string ret;
     int outcount = 0;
     for (unsigned int i = 0; i < ARRAYLEN(LogCategories); i++) {
         // Omit the special cases.
         if (LogCategories[i].flag != BCLog::NONE &&
             LogCategories[i].flag != BCLog::ALL) {
             if (outcount != 0) ret += ", ";
             ret += LogCategories[i].category;
             outcount++;
         }
     }
     return ret;
 }
 
+BCLog::Logger::~Logger() {
+    if (fileout) {
+        fclose(fileout);
+    }
+}
+
 std::string BCLog::Logger::LogTimestampStr(const std::string &str) {
     std::string strStamped;
 
     if (!fLogTimestamps) return str;
 
     if (fStartedNewLine) {
         int64_t nTimeMicros = GetLogTimeMicros();
         strStamped =
             DateTimeStrFormat("%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S", nTimeMicros / 1000000);
         if (fLogTimeMicros)
             strStamped += strprintf(".%06d", nTimeMicros % 1000000);
         strStamped += ' ' + str;
     } else
         strStamped = str;
 
     if (!str.empty() && str[str.size() - 1] == '\n')
         fStartedNewLine = true;
     else
         fStartedNewLine = false;
 
     return strStamped;
 }
 
 int BCLog::Logger::LogPrintStr(const std::string &str) {
     // Returns total number of characters written.
     int ret = 0;
 
     std::string strTimestamped = LogTimestampStr(str);
 
     if (fPrintToConsole) {
         // Print to console.
         ret = fwrite(strTimestamped.data(), 1, strTimestamped.size(), stdout);
         fflush(stdout);
     } else if (fPrintToDebugLog) {
-        boost::call_once(&DebugPrintInit, debugPrintInitFlag);
-        boost::mutex::scoped_lock scoped_lock(*mutexDebugLog);
+        boost::mutex::scoped_lock scoped_lock(mutexDebugLog);
 
         // Buffer if we haven't opened the log yet.
         if (fileout == nullptr) {
-            assert(vMsgsBeforeOpenLog);
             ret = strTimestamped.length();
-            vMsgsBeforeOpenLog->push_back(strTimestamped);
+            vMsgsBeforeOpenLog.push_back(strTimestamped);
         } else {
             // Reopen the log file, if requested.
             if (fReopenDebugLog) {
                 fReopenDebugLog = false;
                 fs::path pathDebug = GetDataDir() / "debug.log";
                 if (fsbridge::freopen(pathDebug, "a", fileout) != nullptr) {
                     // unbuffered.
                     setbuf(fileout, nullptr);
                 }
             }
 
             ret = FileWriteStr(strTimestamped, fileout);
         }
     }
     return ret;
 }
 
-void ShrinkDebugFile() {
+void BCLog::Logger::ShrinkDebugFile() {
     // Amount of debug.log to save at end when shrinking (must fit in memory)
     constexpr size_t RECENT_DEBUG_HISTORY_SIZE = 10 * 1000000;
     // Scroll debug.log if it's getting too big.
     fs::path pathLog = GetDataDir() / "debug.log";
     FILE *file = fsbridge::fopen(pathLog, "r");
     // If debug.log file is more than 10% bigger the RECENT_DEBUG_HISTORY_SIZE
     // trim it down by saving only the last RECENT_DEBUG_HISTORY_SIZE bytes.
     if (file &&
         fs::file_size(pathLog) > 11 * (RECENT_DEBUG_HISTORY_SIZE / 10)) {
         // Restart the file with some of the end.
         std::vector<char> vch(RECENT_DEBUG_HISTORY_SIZE, 0);
         fseek(file, -((long)vch.size()), SEEK_END);
         int nBytes = fread(vch.data(), 1, vch.size(), file);
         fclose(file);
 
         file = fsbridge::fopen(pathLog, "w");
         if (file) {
             fwrite(vch.data(), 1, nBytes, file);
             fclose(file);
         }
     } else if (file != nullptr)
         fclose(file);
 }
diff --git a/src/logging.h b/src/logging.h
index 6216ed15bd..3ce6764aa2 100644
--- a/src/logging.h
+++ b/src/logging.h
@@ -1,104 +1,112 @@
 // Copyright (c) 2009-2010 Satoshi Nakamoto
 // Copyright (c) 2009-2016 The Bitcoin Core developers
 // Copyright (c) 2017-2018 The Bitcoin developers
 // Distributed under the MIT software license, see the accompanying
 // file COPYING or http://www.opensource.org/licenses/mit-license.php.
 
 #ifndef BITCOIN_LOGGING_H
 #define BITCOIN_LOGGING_H
 
 #include <atomic>
 #include <cstdint>
+#include <list>
 #include <string>
 
+#include <boost/thread/mutex.hpp>
+
 static const bool DEFAULT_LOGTIMEMICROS = false;
 static const bool DEFAULT_LOGIPS = false;
 static const bool DEFAULT_LOGTIMESTAMPS = true;
 
 extern bool fLogIPs;
-extern std::atomic<bool> fReopenDebugLog;
 
 extern std::atomic<uint32_t> logCategories;
 
 namespace BCLog {
 
 enum LogFlags : uint32_t {
     NONE = 0,
     NET = (1 << 0),
     TOR = (1 << 1),
     MEMPOOL = (1 << 2),
     HTTP = (1 << 3),
     BENCH = (1 << 4),
     ZMQ = (1 << 5),
     DB = (1 << 6),
     RPC = (1 << 7),
     ESTIMATEFEE = (1 << 8),
     ADDRMAN = (1 << 9),
     SELECTCOINS = (1 << 10),
     REINDEX = (1 << 11),
     CMPCTBLOCK = (1 << 12),
     RAND = (1 << 13),
     PRUNE = (1 << 14),
     PROXY = (1 << 15),
     MEMPOOLREJ = (1 << 16),
     LIBEVENT = (1 << 17),
     COINDB = (1 << 18),
     QT = (1 << 19),
     LEVELDB = (1 << 20),
     ALL = ~uint32_t(0),
 };
 
 class Logger {
 private:
+    FILE *fileout = nullptr;
+    boost::mutex mutexDebugLog;
+    std::list<std::string> vMsgsBeforeOpenLog;
+
     /**
      * fStartedNewLine is a state variable that will suppress printing of the
      * timestamp when multiple calls are made that don't end in a newline.
      */
     std::atomic_bool fStartedNewLine{true};
 
     std::string LogTimestampStr(const std::string &str);
 
 public:
     bool fPrintToConsole = false;
     bool fPrintToDebugLog = true;
 
     bool fLogTimestamps = DEFAULT_LOGTIMESTAMPS;
     bool fLogTimeMicros = DEFAULT_LOGTIMEMICROS;
 
     std::atomic<bool> fReopenDebugLog{false};
 
+    ~Logger();
+
     /** Send a string to the log output */
     int LogPrintStr(const std::string &str);
+
+    void OpenDebugLog();
+    void ShrinkDebugFile();
 };
 
 } // namespace BCLog
 
 BCLog::Logger &GetLogger();
 
 /** Return true if log accepts specified category */
 static inline bool LogAcceptCategory(uint32_t category) {
     return (logCategories.load(std::memory_order_relaxed) & category) != 0;
 }
 
 /** Returns a string with the supported log categories */
 std::string ListLogCategories();
 
 /** Return true if str parses as a log category and set the flags in f */
 bool GetLogCategory(uint32_t *f, const std::string *str);
 
 #define LogPrint(category, ...)                                                \
     do {                                                                       \
         if (LogAcceptCategory((category))) {                                   \
             GetLogger().LogPrintStr(tfm::format(__VA_ARGS__));                 \
         }                                                                      \
     } while (0)
 
 #define LogPrintf(...)                                                         \
     do {                                                                       \
         GetLogger().LogPrintStr(tfm::format(__VA_ARGS__));                     \
     } while (0)
 
-void OpenDebugLog();
-void ShrinkDebugFile();
-
 #endif // BITCOIN_LOGGING_H