netbase.cpp
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	// Copyright (c) 2009-2010 Satoshi Nakamoto
	// Copyright (c) 2009-2012 The Bitcoin developers
	// Distributed under the MIT/X11 software license, see the accompanying
	// file COPYING or http://www.opensource.org/licenses/mit-license.php.

	#include "netbase.h"
	#include "util.h"

	#ifndef WIN32
	#include <sys/fcntl.h>
	#endif

	#include "strlcpy.h"
	#include <boost/algorithm/string/case_conv.hpp> // for to_lower()

	using namespace std;

	// Settings
	typedef std::pair<CService, int> proxyType;
	static proxyType proxyInfo[NET_MAX];
	static proxyType nameproxyInfo;
	int nConnectTimeout = 5000;
	bool fNameLookup = false;

	static const unsigned char pchIPv4[12] = { 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0xff, 0xff };

	enum Network ParseNetwork(std::string net) {
	boost::to_lower(net);
	if (net == "ipv4") return NET_IPV4;
	if (net == "ipv6") return NET_IPV6;
	if (net == "tor") return NET_TOR;
	if (net == "i2p") return NET_I2P;
	return NET_UNROUTABLE;
	}

	void SplitHostPort(std::string in, int &portOut, std::string &hostOut) {
	size_t colon = in.find_last_of(':');
	// if a : is found, and it either follows a [...], or no other : is in the string, treat it as port separator
	bool fHaveColon = colon != in.npos;
	bool fBracketed = fHaveColon && (in[0]=='[' && in[colon-1]==']'); // if there is a colon, and in[0]=='[', colon is not 0, so in[colon-1] is safe
	bool fMultiColon = fHaveColon && (in.find_last_of(':',colon-1) != in.npos);
	if (fHaveColon && (colon==0 \|\| fBracketed \|\| !fMultiColon)) {
	char *endp = NULL;
	int n = strtol(in.c_str() + colon + 1, &endp, 10);
	if (endp && *endp == 0 && n >= 0) {
	in = in.substr(0, colon);
	if (n > 0 && n < 0x10000)
	portOut = n;
	}
	}
	if (in.size()>0 && in[0] == '[' && in[in.size()-1] == ']')
	hostOut = in.substr(1, in.size()-2);
	else
	hostOut = in;
	}

	bool static LookupIntern(const char *pszName, std::vector<CNetAddr>& vIP, unsigned int nMaxSolutions, bool fAllowLookup)
	{
	vIP.clear();

	{
	CNetAddr addr;
	if (addr.SetSpecial(std::string(pszName))) {
	vIP.push_back(addr);
	return true;
	}
	}

	struct addrinfo aiHint;
	memset(&aiHint, 0, sizeof(struct addrinfo));

	aiHint.ai_socktype = SOCK_STREAM;
	aiHint.ai_protocol = IPPROTO_TCP;
	#ifdef WIN32
	# ifdef USE_IPV6
	aiHint.ai_family = AF_UNSPEC;
	# else
	aiHint.ai_family = AF_INET;
	# endif
	aiHint.ai_flags = fAllowLookup ? 0 : AI_NUMERICHOST;
	#else
	# ifdef USE_IPV6
	aiHint.ai_family = AF_UNSPEC;
	# else
	aiHint.ai_family = AF_INET;
	# endif
	aiHint.ai_flags = fAllowLookup ? AI_ADDRCONFIG : AI_NUMERICHOST;
	#endif
	struct addrinfo *aiRes = NULL;
	int nErr = getaddrinfo(pszName, NULL, &aiHint, &aiRes);
	if (nErr)
	return false;

	struct addrinfo *aiTrav = aiRes;
	while (aiTrav != NULL && (nMaxSolutions == 0 \|\| vIP.size() < nMaxSolutions))
	{
	if (aiTrav->ai_family == AF_INET)
	{
	assert(aiTrav->ai_addrlen >= sizeof(sockaddr_in));
	vIP.push_back(CNetAddr(((struct sockaddr_in*)(aiTrav->ai_addr))->sin_addr));
	}

	#ifdef USE_IPV6
	if (aiTrav->ai_family == AF_INET6)
	{
	assert(aiTrav->ai_addrlen >= sizeof(sockaddr_in6));
	vIP.push_back(CNetAddr(((struct sockaddr_in6*)(aiTrav->ai_addr))->sin6_addr));
	}
	#endif

	aiTrav = aiTrav->ai_next;
	}

	freeaddrinfo(aiRes);

	return (vIP.size() > 0);
	}

	bool LookupHost(const char *pszName, std::vector<CNetAddr>& vIP, unsigned int nMaxSolutions, bool fAllowLookup)
	{
	if (pszName[0] == 0)
	return false;
	char psz[256];
	char *pszHost = psz;
	strlcpy(psz, pszName, sizeof(psz));
	if (psz[0] == '[' && psz[strlen(psz)-1] == ']')
	{
	pszHost = psz+1;
	psz[strlen(psz)-1] = 0;
	}

	return LookupIntern(pszHost, vIP, nMaxSolutions, fAllowLookup);
	}

	bool LookupHostNumeric(const char *pszName, std::vector<CNetAddr>& vIP, unsigned int nMaxSolutions)
	{
	return LookupHost(pszName, vIP, nMaxSolutions, false);
	}

	bool Lookup(const char *pszName, std::vector<CService>& vAddr, int portDefault, bool fAllowLookup, unsigned int nMaxSolutions)
	{
	if (pszName[0] == 0)
	return false;
	int port = portDefault;
	std::string hostname = "";
	SplitHostPort(std::string(pszName), port, hostname);

	std::vector<CNetAddr> vIP;
	bool fRet = LookupIntern(hostname.c_str(), vIP, nMaxSolutions, fAllowLookup);
	if (!fRet)
	return false;
	vAddr.resize(vIP.size());
	for (unsigned int i = 0; i < vIP.size(); i++)
	vAddr[i] = CService(vIP[i], port);
	return true;
	}

	bool Lookup(const char *pszName, CService& addr, int portDefault, bool fAllowLookup)
	{
	std::vector<CService> vService;
	bool fRet = Lookup(pszName, vService, portDefault, fAllowLookup, 1);
	if (!fRet)
	return false;
	addr = vService[0];
	return true;
	}

	bool LookupNumeric(const char *pszName, CService& addr, int portDefault)
	{
	return Lookup(pszName, addr, portDefault, false);
	}

	bool static Socks4(const CService &addrDest, SOCKET& hSocket)
	{
	printf("SOCKS4 connecting %s\n", addrDest.ToString().c_str());
	if (!addrDest.IsIPv4())
	{
	closesocket(hSocket);
	return error("Proxy destination is not IPv4");
	}
	char pszSocks4IP[] = "\4\1\0\0\0\0\0\0user";
	struct sockaddr_in addr;
	socklen_t len = sizeof(addr);
	if (!addrDest.GetSockAddr((struct sockaddr*)&addr, &len) \|\| addr.sin_family != AF_INET)
	{
	closesocket(hSocket);
	return error("Cannot get proxy destination address");
	}
	memcpy(pszSocks4IP + 2, &addr.sin_port, 2);
	memcpy(pszSocks4IP + 4, &addr.sin_addr, 4);
	char* pszSocks4 = pszSocks4IP;
	int nSize = sizeof(pszSocks4IP);

	int ret = send(hSocket, pszSocks4, nSize, MSG_NOSIGNAL);
	if (ret != nSize)
	{
	closesocket(hSocket);
	return error("Error sending to proxy");
	}
	char pchRet[8];
	if (recv(hSocket, pchRet, 8, 0) != 8)
	{
	closesocket(hSocket);
	return error("Error reading proxy response");
	}
	if (pchRet[1] != 0x5a)
	{
	closesocket(hSocket);
	if (pchRet[1] != 0x5b)
	printf("ERROR: Proxy returned error %d\n", pchRet[1]);
	return false;
	}
	printf("SOCKS4 connected %s\n", addrDest.ToString().c_str());
	return true;
	}

	bool static Socks5(string strDest, int port, SOCKET& hSocket)
	{
	printf("SOCKS5 connecting %s\n", strDest.c_str());
	if (strDest.size() > 255)
	{
	closesocket(hSocket);
	return error("Hostname too long");
	}
	char pszSocks5Init[] = "\5\1\0";
	char *pszSocks5 = pszSocks5Init;
	ssize_t nSize = sizeof(pszSocks5Init);

	ssize_t ret = send(hSocket, pszSocks5, nSize, MSG_NOSIGNAL);
	if (ret != nSize)
	{
	closesocket(hSocket);
	return error("Error sending to proxy");
	}
	char pchRet1[2];
	if (recv(hSocket, pchRet1, 2, 0) != 2)
	{
	closesocket(hSocket);
	return error("Error reading proxy response");
	}
	if (pchRet1[0] != 0x05 \|\| pchRet1[1] != 0x00)
	{
	closesocket(hSocket);
	return error("Proxy failed to initialize");
	}
	string strSocks5("\5\1");
	strSocks5 += '\000'; strSocks5 += '\003';
	strSocks5 += static_cast<char>(std::min((int)strDest.size(), 255));
	strSocks5 += strDest;
	strSocks5 += static_cast<char>((port >> 8) & 0xFF);
	strSocks5 += static_cast<char>((port >> 0) & 0xFF);
	ret = send(hSocket, strSocks5.c_str(), strSocks5.size(), MSG_NOSIGNAL);
	if (ret != (ssize_t)strSocks5.size())
	{
	closesocket(hSocket);
	return error("Error sending to proxy");
	}
	char pchRet2[4];
	if (recv(hSocket, pchRet2, 4, 0) != 4)
	{
	closesocket(hSocket);
	return error("Error reading proxy response");
	}
	if (pchRet2[0] != 0x05)
	{
	closesocket(hSocket);
	return error("Proxy failed to accept request");
	}
	if (pchRet2[1] != 0x00)
	{
	closesocket(hSocket);
	switch (pchRet2[1])
	{
	case 0x01: return error("Proxy error: general failure");
	case 0x02: return error("Proxy error: connection not allowed");
	case 0x03: return error("Proxy error: network unreachable");
	case 0x04: return error("Proxy error: host unreachable");
	case 0x05: return error("Proxy error: connection refused");
	case 0x06: return error("Proxy error: TTL expired");
	case 0x07: return error("Proxy error: protocol error");
	case 0x08: return error("Proxy error: address type not supported");
	default: return error("Proxy error: unknown");
	}
	}
	if (pchRet2[2] != 0x00)
	{
	closesocket(hSocket);
	return error("Error: malformed proxy response");
	}
	char pchRet3[256];
	switch (pchRet2[3])
	{
	case 0x01: ret = recv(hSocket, pchRet3, 4, 0) != 4; break;
	case 0x04: ret = recv(hSocket, pchRet3, 16, 0) != 16; break;
	case 0x03:
	{
	ret = recv(hSocket, pchRet3, 1, 0) != 1;
	if (ret)
	return error("Error reading from proxy");
	int nRecv = pchRet3[0];
	ret = recv(hSocket, pchRet3, nRecv, 0) != nRecv;
	break;
	}
	default: closesocket(hSocket); return error("Error: malformed proxy response");
	}
	if (ret)
	{
	closesocket(hSocket);
	return error("Error reading from proxy");
	}
	if (recv(hSocket, pchRet3, 2, 0) != 2)
	{
	closesocket(hSocket);
	return error("Error reading from proxy");
	}
	printf("SOCKS5 connected %s\n", strDest.c_str());
	return true;
	}

	bool static ConnectSocketDirectly(const CService &addrConnect, SOCKET& hSocketRet, int nTimeout)
	{
	hSocketRet = INVALID_SOCKET;

	#ifdef USE_IPV6
	struct sockaddr_storage sockaddr;
	#else
	struct sockaddr sockaddr;
	#endif
	socklen_t len = sizeof(sockaddr);
	if (!addrConnect.GetSockAddr((struct sockaddr*)&sockaddr, &len)) {
	printf("Cannot connect to %s: unsupported network\n", addrConnect.ToString().c_str());
	return false;
	}

	SOCKET hSocket = socket(((struct sockaddr*)&sockaddr)->sa_family, SOCK_STREAM, IPPROTO_TCP);
	if (hSocket == INVALID_SOCKET)
	return false;
	#ifdef SO_NOSIGPIPE
	int set = 1;
	setsockopt(hSocket, SOL_SOCKET, SO_NOSIGPIPE, (void*)&set, sizeof(int));
	#endif

	#ifdef WIN32
	u_long fNonblock = 1;
	if (ioctlsocket(hSocket, FIONBIO, &fNonblock) == SOCKET_ERROR)
	#else
	int fFlags = fcntl(hSocket, F_GETFL, 0);
	if (fcntl(hSocket, F_SETFL, fFlags \| O_NONBLOCK) == -1)
	#endif
	{
	closesocket(hSocket);
	return false;
	}

	if (connect(hSocket, (struct sockaddr*)&sockaddr, len) == SOCKET_ERROR)
	{
	// WSAEINVAL is here because some legacy version of winsock uses it
	if (WSAGetLastError() == WSAEINPROGRESS \|\| WSAGetLastError() == WSAEWOULDBLOCK \|\| WSAGetLastError() == WSAEINVAL)
	{
	struct timeval timeout;
	timeout.tv_sec = nTimeout / 1000;
	timeout.tv_usec = (nTimeout % 1000) * 1000;

	fd_set fdset;
	FD_ZERO(&fdset);
	FD_SET(hSocket, &fdset);
	int nRet = select(hSocket + 1, NULL, &fdset, NULL, &timeout);
	if (nRet == 0)
	{
	printf("connection timeout\n");
	closesocket(hSocket);
	return false;
	}
	if (nRet == SOCKET_ERROR)
	{
	printf("select() for connection failed: %i\n",WSAGetLastError());
	closesocket(hSocket);
	return false;
	}
	socklen_t nRetSize = sizeof(nRet);
	#ifdef WIN32
	if (getsockopt(hSocket, SOL_SOCKET, SO_ERROR, (char*)(&nRet), &nRetSize) == SOCKET_ERROR)
	#else
	if (getsockopt(hSocket, SOL_SOCKET, SO_ERROR, &nRet, &nRetSize) == SOCKET_ERROR)
	#endif
	{
	printf("getsockopt() for connection failed: %i\n",WSAGetLastError());
	closesocket(hSocket);
	return false;
	}
	if (nRet != 0)
	{
	printf("connect() failed after select(): %s\n",strerror(nRet));
	closesocket(hSocket);
	return false;
	}
	}
	#ifdef WIN32
	else if (WSAGetLastError() != WSAEISCONN)
	#else
	else
	#endif
	{
	printf("connect() failed: %i\n",WSAGetLastError());
	closesocket(hSocket);
	return false;
	}
	}

	// this isn't even strictly necessary
	// CNode::ConnectNode immediately turns the socket back to non-blocking
	// but we'll turn it back to blocking just in case
	#ifdef WIN32
	fNonblock = 0;
	if (ioctlsocket(hSocket, FIONBIO, &fNonblock) == SOCKET_ERROR)
	#else
	fFlags = fcntl(hSocket, F_GETFL, 0);
	if (fcntl(hSocket, F_SETFL, fFlags & !O_NONBLOCK) == SOCKET_ERROR)
	#endif
	{
	closesocket(hSocket);
	return false;
	}

	hSocketRet = hSocket;
	return true;
	}

	bool SetProxy(enum Network net, CService addrProxy, int nSocksVersion) {
	assert(net >= 0 && net < NET_MAX);
	if (nSocksVersion != 0 && nSocksVersion != 4 && nSocksVersion != 5)
	return false;
	if (nSocksVersion != 0 && !addrProxy.IsValid())
	return false;
	proxyInfo[net] = std::make_pair(addrProxy, nSocksVersion);
	return true;
	}

	bool GetProxy(enum Network net, CService &addrProxy) {
	assert(net >= 0 && net < NET_MAX);
	if (!proxyInfo[net].second)
	return false;
	addrProxy = proxyInfo[net].first;
	return true;
	}

	bool SetNameProxy(CService addrProxy, int nSocksVersion) {
	if (nSocksVersion != 0 && nSocksVersion != 5)
	return false;
	if (nSocksVersion != 0 && !addrProxy.IsValid())
	return false;
	nameproxyInfo = std::make_pair(addrProxy, nSocksVersion);
	return true;
	}

	bool GetNameProxy() {
	return nameproxyInfo.second != 0;
	}

	bool IsProxy(const CNetAddr &addr) {
	for (int i=0; i<NET_MAX; i++) {
	if (proxyInfo[i].second && (addr == (CNetAddr)proxyInfo[i].first))
	return true;
	}
	return false;
	}

	bool ConnectSocket(const CService &addrDest, SOCKET& hSocketRet, int nTimeout)
	{
	const proxyType &proxy = proxyInfo[addrDest.GetNetwork()];

	// no proxy needed
	if (!proxy.second)
	return ConnectSocketDirectly(addrDest, hSocketRet, nTimeout);

	SOCKET hSocket = INVALID_SOCKET;

	// first connect to proxy server
	if (!ConnectSocketDirectly(proxy.first, hSocket, nTimeout))
	return false;

	// do socks negotiation
	switch (proxy.second) {
	case 4:
	if (!Socks4(addrDest, hSocket))
	return false;
	break;
	case 5:
	if (!Socks5(addrDest.ToStringIP(), addrDest.GetPort(), hSocket))
	return false;
	break;
	default:
	return false;
	}

	hSocketRet = hSocket;
	return true;
	}

	bool ConnectSocketByName(CService &addr, SOCKET& hSocketRet, const char *pszDest, int portDefault, int nTimeout)
	{
	string strDest;
	int port = portDefault;
	SplitHostPort(string(pszDest), port, strDest);

	SOCKET hSocket = INVALID_SOCKET;
	CService addrResolved(CNetAddr(strDest, fNameLookup && !nameproxyInfo.second), port);
	if (addrResolved.IsValid()) {
	addr = addrResolved;
	return ConnectSocket(addr, hSocketRet, nTimeout);
	}
	addr = CService("0.0.0.0:0");
	if (!nameproxyInfo.second)
	return false;
	if (!ConnectSocketDirectly(nameproxyInfo.first, hSocket, nTimeout))
	return false;

	switch(nameproxyInfo.second)
	{
	default:
	case 4: return false;
	case 5:
	if (!Socks5(strDest, port, hSocket))
	return false;
	break;
	}

	hSocketRet = hSocket;
	return true;
	}

	void CNetAddr::Init()
	{
	memset(ip, 0, 16);
	}

	void CNetAddr::SetIP(const CNetAddr& ipIn)
	{
	memcpy(ip, ipIn.ip, sizeof(ip));
	}

	static const unsigned char pchOnionCat[] = {0xFD,0x87,0xD8,0x7E,0xEB,0x43};
	static const unsigned char pchGarliCat[] = {0xFD,0x60,0xDB,0x4D,0xDD,0xB5};

	bool CNetAddr::SetSpecial(const std::string &strName)
	{
	if (strName.size()>6 && strName.substr(strName.size() - 6, 6) == ".onion") {
	std::vector<unsigned char> vchAddr = DecodeBase32(strName.substr(0, strName.size() - 6).c_str());
	if (vchAddr.size() != 16-sizeof(pchOnionCat))
	return false;
	memcpy(ip, pchOnionCat, sizeof(pchOnionCat));
	for (unsigned int i=0; i<16-sizeof(pchOnionCat); i++)
	ip[i + sizeof(pchOnionCat)] = vchAddr[i];
	return true;
	}
	if (strName.size()>11 && strName.substr(strName.size() - 11, 11) == ".oc.b32.i2p") {
	std::vector<unsigned char> vchAddr = DecodeBase32(strName.substr(0, strName.size() - 11).c_str());
	if (vchAddr.size() != 16-sizeof(pchGarliCat))
	return false;
	memcpy(ip, pchOnionCat, sizeof(pchGarliCat));
	for (unsigned int i=0; i<16-sizeof(pchGarliCat); i++)
	ip[i + sizeof(pchGarliCat)] = vchAddr[i];
	return true;
	}
	return false;
	}

	CNetAddr::CNetAddr()
	{
	Init();
	}

	CNetAddr::CNetAddr(const struct in_addr& ipv4Addr)
	{
	memcpy(ip, pchIPv4, 12);
	memcpy(ip+12, &ipv4Addr, 4);
	}

	#ifdef USE_IPV6
	CNetAddr::CNetAddr(const struct in6_addr& ipv6Addr)
	{
	memcpy(ip, &ipv6Addr, 16);
	}
	#endif

	CNetAddr::CNetAddr(const char *pszIp, bool fAllowLookup)
	{
	Init();
	std::vector<CNetAddr> vIP;
	if (LookupHost(pszIp, vIP, 1, fAllowLookup))
	*this = vIP[0];
	}

	CNetAddr::CNetAddr(const std::string &strIp, bool fAllowLookup)
	{
	Init();
	std::vector<CNetAddr> vIP;
	if (LookupHost(strIp.c_str(), vIP, 1, fAllowLookup))
	*this = vIP[0];
	}

	int CNetAddr::GetByte(int n) const
	{
	return ip[15-n];
	}

	bool CNetAddr::IsIPv4() const
	{
	return (memcmp(ip, pchIPv4, sizeof(pchIPv4)) == 0);
	}

	bool CNetAddr::IsIPv6() const
	{
	return (!IsIPv4() && !IsTor() && !IsI2P());
	}

	bool CNetAddr::IsRFC1918() const
	{
	return IsIPv4() && (
	GetByte(3) == 10 \|\|
	(GetByte(3) == 192 && GetByte(2) == 168) \|\|
	(GetByte(3) == 172 && (GetByte(2) >= 16 && GetByte(2) <= 31)));
	}

	bool CNetAddr::IsRFC3927() const
	{
	return IsIPv4() && (GetByte(3) == 169 && GetByte(2) == 254);
	}

	bool CNetAddr::IsRFC3849() const
	{
	return GetByte(15) == 0x20 && GetByte(14) == 0x01 && GetByte(13) == 0x0D && GetByte(12) == 0xB8;
	}

	bool CNetAddr::IsRFC3964() const
	{
	return (GetByte(15) == 0x20 && GetByte(14) == 0x02);
	}

	bool CNetAddr::IsRFC6052() const
	{
	static const unsigned char pchRFC6052[] = {0,0x64,0xFF,0x9B,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0};
	return (memcmp(ip, pchRFC6052, sizeof(pchRFC6052)) == 0);
	}

	bool CNetAddr::IsRFC4380() const
	{
	return (GetByte(15) == 0x20 && GetByte(14) == 0x01 && GetByte(13) == 0 && GetByte(12) == 0);
	}

	bool CNetAddr::IsRFC4862() const
	{
	static const unsigned char pchRFC4862[] = {0xFE,0x80,0,0,0,0,0,0};
	return (memcmp(ip, pchRFC4862, sizeof(pchRFC4862)) == 0);
	}

	bool CNetAddr::IsRFC4193() const
	{
	return ((GetByte(15) & 0xFE) == 0xFC);
	}

	bool CNetAddr::IsRFC6145() const
	{
	static const unsigned char pchRFC6145[] = {0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0xFF,0xFF,0,0};
	return (memcmp(ip, pchRFC6145, sizeof(pchRFC6145)) == 0);
	}

	bool CNetAddr::IsRFC4843() const
	{
	return (GetByte(15) == 0x20 && GetByte(14) == 0x01 && GetByte(13) == 0x00 && (GetByte(12) & 0xF0) == 0x10);
	}

	bool CNetAddr::IsTor() const
	{
	return (memcmp(ip, pchOnionCat, sizeof(pchOnionCat)) == 0);
	}

	bool CNetAddr::IsI2P() const
	{
	return (memcmp(ip, pchGarliCat, sizeof(pchGarliCat)) == 0);
	}

	bool CNetAddr::IsLocal() const
	{
	// IPv4 loopback
	if (IsIPv4() && (GetByte(3) == 127 \|\| GetByte(3) == 0))
	return true;

	// IPv6 loopback (::1/128)
	static const unsigned char pchLocal[16] = {0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,1};
	if (memcmp(ip, pchLocal, 16) == 0)
	return true;

	return false;
	}

	bool CNetAddr::IsMulticast() const
	{
	return (IsIPv4() && (GetByte(3) & 0xF0) == 0xE0)
	\|\| (GetByte(15) == 0xFF);
	}

	bool CNetAddr::IsValid() const
	{
	// Clean up 3-byte shifted addresses caused by garbage in size field
	// of addr messages from versions before 0.2.9 checksum.
	// Two consecutive addr messages look like this:
	// header20 vectorlen3 addr26 addr26 addr26 header20 vectorlen3 addr26 addr26 addr26...
	// so if the first length field is garbled, it reads the second batch
	// of addr misaligned by 3 bytes.
	if (memcmp(ip, pchIPv4+3, sizeof(pchIPv4)-3) == 0)
	return false;

	// unspecified IPv6 address (::/128)
	unsigned char ipNone[16] = {};
	if (memcmp(ip, ipNone, 16) == 0)
	return false;

	// documentation IPv6 address
	if (IsRFC3849())
	return false;

	if (IsIPv4())
	{
	// INADDR_NONE
	uint32_t ipNone = INADDR_NONE;
	if (memcmp(ip+12, &ipNone, 4) == 0)
	return false;

	// 0
	ipNone = 0;
	if (memcmp(ip+12, &ipNone, 4) == 0)
	return false;
	}

	return true;
	}

	bool CNetAddr::IsRoutable() const
	{
	return IsValid() && !(IsRFC1918() \|\| IsRFC3927() \|\| IsRFC4862() \|\| (IsRFC4193() && !IsTor() && !IsI2P()) \|\| IsRFC4843() \|\| IsLocal());
	}

	enum Network CNetAddr::GetNetwork() const
	{
	if (!IsRoutable())
	return NET_UNROUTABLE;

	if (IsIPv4())
	return NET_IPV4;

	if (IsTor())
	return NET_TOR;

	if (IsI2P())
	return NET_I2P;

	return NET_IPV6;
	}

	std::string CNetAddr::ToStringIP() const
	{
	if (IsTor())
	return EncodeBase32(&ip[6], 10) + ".onion";
	if (IsI2P())
	return EncodeBase32(&ip[6], 10) + ".oc.b32.i2p";
	CService serv(*this, 0);
	#ifdef USE_IPV6
	struct sockaddr_storage sockaddr;
	#else
	struct sockaddr sockaddr;
	#endif
	socklen_t socklen = sizeof(sockaddr);
	if (serv.GetSockAddr((struct sockaddr*)&sockaddr, &socklen)) {
	char name[1025] = "";
	if (!getnameinfo((const struct sockaddr*)&sockaddr, socklen, name, sizeof(name), NULL, 0, NI_NUMERICHOST))
	return std::string(name);
	}
	if (IsIPv4())
	return strprintf("%u.%u.%u.%u", GetByte(3), GetByte(2), GetByte(1), GetByte(0));
	else
	return strprintf("%x:%x:%x:%x:%x:%x:%x:%x",
	GetByte(15) << 8 \| GetByte(14), GetByte(13) << 8 \| GetByte(12),
	GetByte(11) << 8 \| GetByte(10), GetByte(9) << 8 \| GetByte(8),
	GetByte(7) << 8 \| GetByte(6), GetByte(5) << 8 \| GetByte(4),
	GetByte(3) << 8 \| GetByte(2), GetByte(1) << 8 \| GetByte(0));
	}

	std::string CNetAddr::ToString() const
	{
	return ToStringIP();
	}

	bool operator==(const CNetAddr& a, const CNetAddr& b)
	{
	return (memcmp(a.ip, b.ip, 16) == 0);
	}

	bool operator!=(const CNetAddr& a, const CNetAddr& b)
	{
	return (memcmp(a.ip, b.ip, 16) != 0);
	}

	bool operator<(const CNetAddr& a, const CNetAddr& b)
	{
	return (memcmp(a.ip, b.ip, 16) < 0);
	}

	bool CNetAddr::GetInAddr(struct in_addr* pipv4Addr) const
	{
	if (!IsIPv4())
	return false;
	memcpy(pipv4Addr, ip+12, 4);
	return true;
	}

	#ifdef USE_IPV6
	bool CNetAddr::GetIn6Addr(struct in6_addr* pipv6Addr) const
	{
	memcpy(pipv6Addr, ip, 16);
	return true;
	}
	#endif

	// get canonical identifier of an address' group
	// no two connections will be attempted to addresses with the same group
	std::vector<unsigned char> CNetAddr::GetGroup() const
	{
	std::vector<unsigned char> vchRet;
	int nClass = NET_IPV6;
	int nStartByte = 0;
	int nBits = 16;

	// all local addresses belong to the same group
	if (IsLocal())
	{
	nClass = 255;
	nBits = 0;
	}

	// all unroutable addresses belong to the same group
	if (!IsRoutable())
	{
	nClass = NET_UNROUTABLE;
	nBits = 0;
	}
	// for IPv4 addresses, '1' + the 16 higher-order bits of the IP
	// includes mapped IPv4, SIIT translated IPv4, and the well-known prefix
	else if (IsIPv4() \|\| IsRFC6145() \|\| IsRFC6052())
	{
	nClass = NET_IPV4;
	nStartByte = 12;
	}
	// for 6to4 tunneled addresses, use the encapsulated IPv4 address
	else if (IsRFC3964())
	{
	nClass = NET_IPV4;
	nStartByte = 2;
	}
	// for Teredo-tunneled IPv6 addresses, use the encapsulated IPv4 address
	else if (IsRFC4380())
	{
	vchRet.push_back(NET_IPV4);
	vchRet.push_back(GetByte(3) ^ 0xFF);
	vchRet.push_back(GetByte(2) ^ 0xFF);
	return vchRet;
	}
	else if (IsTor())
	{
	nClass = NET_TOR;
	nStartByte = 6;
	nBits = 4;
	}
	else if (IsI2P())
	{
	nClass = NET_I2P;
	nStartByte = 6;
	nBits = 4;
	}
	// for he.net, use /36 groups
	else if (GetByte(15) == 0x20 && GetByte(14) == 0x11 && GetByte(13) == 0x04 && GetByte(12) == 0x70)
	nBits = 36;
	// for the rest of the IPv6 network, use /32 groups
	else
	nBits = 32;

	vchRet.push_back(nClass);
	while (nBits >= 8)
	{
	vchRet.push_back(GetByte(15 - nStartByte));
	nStartByte++;
	nBits -= 8;
	}
	if (nBits > 0)
	vchRet.push_back(GetByte(15 - nStartByte) \| ((1 << nBits) - 1));

	return vchRet;
	}

	uint64 CNetAddr::GetHash() const
	{
	uint256 hash = Hash(&ip[0], &ip[16]);
	uint64 nRet;
	memcpy(&nRet, &hash, sizeof(nRet));
	return nRet;
	}

	void CNetAddr::print() const
	{
	printf("CNetAddr(%s)\n", ToString().c_str());
	}

	// private extensions to enum Network, only returned by GetExtNetwork,
	// and only used in GetReachabilityFrom
	static const int NET_UNKNOWN = NET_MAX + 0;
	static const int NET_TEREDO = NET_MAX + 1;
	int static GetExtNetwork(const CNetAddr *addr)
	{
	if (addr == NULL)
	return NET_UNKNOWN;
	if (addr->IsRFC4380())
	return NET_TEREDO;
	return addr->GetNetwork();
	}

	/** Calculates a metric for how reachable (this) is from a given partner /
	int CNetAddr::GetReachabilityFrom(const CNetAddr *paddrPartner) const
	{
	enum Reachability {
	REACH_UNREACHABLE,
	REACH_DEFAULT,
	REACH_TEREDO,
	REACH_IPV6_WEAK,
	REACH_IPV4,
	REACH_IPV6_STRONG,
	REACH_PRIVATE
	};

	if (!IsRoutable())
	return REACH_UNREACHABLE;

	int ourNet = GetExtNetwork(this);
	int theirNet = GetExtNetwork(paddrPartner);
	bool fTunnel = IsRFC3964() \|\| IsRFC6052() \|\| IsRFC6145();

	switch(theirNet) {
	case NET_IPV4:
	switch(ourNet) {
	default: return REACH_DEFAULT;
	case NET_IPV4: return REACH_IPV4;
	}
	case NET_IPV6:
	switch(ourNet) {
	default: return REACH_DEFAULT;
	case NET_TEREDO: return REACH_TEREDO;
	case NET_IPV4: return REACH_IPV4;
	case NET_IPV6: return fTunnel ? REACH_IPV6_WEAK : REACH_IPV6_STRONG; // only prefer giving our IPv6 address if it's not tunneled
	}
	case NET_TOR:
	switch(ourNet) {
	default: return REACH_DEFAULT;
	case NET_IPV4: return REACH_IPV4; // Tor users can connect to IPv4 as well
	case NET_TOR: return REACH_PRIVATE;
	}
	case NET_I2P:
	switch(ourNet) {
	default: return REACH_DEFAULT;
	case NET_I2P: return REACH_PRIVATE;
	}
	case NET_TEREDO:
	switch(ourNet) {
	default: return REACH_DEFAULT;
	case NET_TEREDO: return REACH_TEREDO;
	case NET_IPV6: return REACH_IPV6_WEAK;
	case NET_IPV4: return REACH_IPV4;
	}
	case NET_UNKNOWN:
	case NET_UNROUTABLE:
	default:
	switch(ourNet) {
	default: return REACH_DEFAULT;
	case NET_TEREDO: return REACH_TEREDO;
	case NET_IPV6: return REACH_IPV6_WEAK;
	case NET_IPV4: return REACH_IPV4;
	case NET_I2P: return REACH_PRIVATE; // assume connections from unroutable addresses are
	case NET_TOR: return REACH_PRIVATE; // either from Tor/I2P, or don't care about our address
	}
	}
	}

	void CService::Init()
	{
	port = 0;
	}

	CService::CService()
	{
	Init();
	}

	CService::CService(const CNetAddr& cip, unsigned short portIn) : CNetAddr(cip), port(portIn)
	{
	}

	CService::CService(const struct in_addr& ipv4Addr, unsigned short portIn) : CNetAddr(ipv4Addr), port(portIn)
	{
	}

	#ifdef USE_IPV6
	CService::CService(const struct in6_addr& ipv6Addr, unsigned short portIn) : CNetAddr(ipv6Addr), port(portIn)
	{
	}
	#endif

	CService::CService(const struct sockaddr_in& addr) : CNetAddr(addr.sin_addr), port(ntohs(addr.sin_port))
	{
	assert(addr.sin_family == AF_INET);
	}

	#ifdef USE_IPV6
	CService::CService(const struct sockaddr_in6 &addr) : CNetAddr(addr.sin6_addr), port(ntohs(addr.sin6_port))
	{
	assert(addr.sin6_family == AF_INET6);
	}
	#endif

	bool CService::SetSockAddr(const struct sockaddr *paddr)
	{
	switch (paddr->sa_family) {
	case AF_INET:
	this = CService((const struct sockaddr_in*)paddr);
	return true;
	#ifdef USE_IPV6
	case AF_INET6:
	this = CService((const struct sockaddr_in6*)paddr);
	return true;
	#endif
	default:
	return false;
	}
	}

	CService::CService(const char *pszIpPort, bool fAllowLookup)
	{
	Init();
	CService ip;
	if (Lookup(pszIpPort, ip, 0, fAllowLookup))
	*this = ip;
	}

	CService::CService(const char *pszIpPort, int portDefault, bool fAllowLookup)
	{
	Init();
	CService ip;
	if (Lookup(pszIpPort, ip, portDefault, fAllowLookup))
	*this = ip;
	}

	CService::CService(const std::string &strIpPort, bool fAllowLookup)
	{
	Init();
	CService ip;
	if (Lookup(strIpPort.c_str(), ip, 0, fAllowLookup))
	*this = ip;
	}

	CService::CService(const std::string &strIpPort, int portDefault, bool fAllowLookup)
	{
	Init();
	CService ip;
	if (Lookup(strIpPort.c_str(), ip, portDefault, fAllowLookup))
	*this = ip;
	}

	unsigned short CService::GetPort() const
	{
	return port;
	}

	bool operator==(const CService& a, const CService& b)
	{
	return (CNetAddr)a == (CNetAddr)b && a.port == b.port;
	}

	bool operator!=(const CService& a, const CService& b)
	{
	return (CNetAddr)a != (CNetAddr)b \|\| a.port != b.port;
	}

	bool operator<(const CService& a, const CService& b)
	{
	return (CNetAddr)a < (CNetAddr)b \|\| ((CNetAddr)a == (CNetAddr)b && a.port < b.port);
	}

	bool CService::GetSockAddr(struct sockaddr* paddr, socklen_t *addrlen) const
	{
	if (IsIPv4()) {
	if (*addrlen < (socklen_t)sizeof(struct sockaddr_in))
	return false;
	*addrlen = sizeof(struct sockaddr_in);
	struct sockaddr_in paddrin = (struct sockaddr_in)paddr;
	memset(paddrin, 0, *addrlen);
	if (!GetInAddr(&paddrin->sin_addr))
	return false;
	paddrin->sin_family = AF_INET;
	paddrin->sin_port = htons(port);
	return true;
	}
	#ifdef USE_IPV6
	if (IsIPv6()) {
	if (*addrlen < (socklen_t)sizeof(struct sockaddr_in6))
	return false;
	*addrlen = sizeof(struct sockaddr_in6);
	struct sockaddr_in6 paddrin6 = (struct sockaddr_in6)paddr;
	memset(paddrin6, 0, *addrlen);
	if (!GetIn6Addr(&paddrin6->sin6_addr))
	return false;
	paddrin6->sin6_family = AF_INET6;
	paddrin6->sin6_port = htons(port);
	return true;
	}
	#endif
	return false;
	}

	std::vector<unsigned char> CService::GetKey() const
	{
	std::vector<unsigned char> vKey;
	vKey.resize(18);
	memcpy(&vKey[0], ip, 16);
	vKey[16] = port / 0x100;
	vKey[17] = port & 0x0FF;
	return vKey;
	}

	std::string CService::ToStringPort() const
	{
	return strprintf("%i", port);
	}

	std::string CService::ToStringIPPort() const
	{
	if (IsIPv4() \|\| IsTor() \|\| IsI2P()) {
	return ToStringIP() + ":" + ToStringPort();
	} else {
	return "[" + ToStringIP() + "]:" + ToStringPort();
	}
	}

	std::string CService::ToString() const
	{
	return ToStringIPPort();
	}

	void CService::print() const
	{
	printf("CService(%s)\n", ToString().c_str());
	}

	void CService::SetPort(unsigned short portIn)
	{
	port = portIn;
	}

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