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	diff --git a/src/index/base.cpp b/src/index/base.cpp
	index 5696c23422..a1af305271 100644
	--- a/src/index/base.cpp
	+++ b/src/index/base.cpp
	@@ -1,460 +1,452 @@
	// Copyright (c) 2017-2018 The Bitcoin Core developers
	// Distributed under the MIT software license, see the accompanying
	// file COPYING or http://www.opensource.org/licenses/mit-license.php.

	#include <chain.h>
	#include <chainparams.h>
	#include <common/args.h>
	#include <config.h>
	#include <index/base.h>
	#include <interfaces/chain.h>
	#include <logging.h>
	#include <node/blockstorage.h>
	#include <node/context.h>
	#include <node/database_args.h>
	#include <node/ui_interface.h>
	#include <shutdown.h>
	#include <tinyformat.h>
	#include <util/thread.h>
	#include <util/translation.h>
	#include <validation.h> // For Chainstate
	#include <warnings.h>

	#include <functional>
	#include <string>
	#include <utility>

	using node::g_indexes_ready_to_sync;

	constexpr uint8_t DB_BEST_BLOCK{'B'};

	constexpr int64_t SYNC_LOG_INTERVAL = 30; // secon
	constexpr int64_t SYNC_LOCATOR_WRITE_INTERVAL = 30; // seconds

	template <typename... Args>
	static void FatalError(const char *fmt, const Args &...args) {
	std::string strMessage = tfm::format(fmt, args...);
	SetMiscWarning(Untranslated(strMessage));
	LogPrintf("*** %s\n", strMessage);
	AbortError(_("A fatal internal error occurred, see debug.log for details"));
	StartShutdown();
	}

	BaseIndex::DB::DB(const fs::path &path, size_t n_cache_size, bool f_memory,
	bool f_wipe, bool f_obfuscate)
	: CDBWrapper{DBParams{.path = path,
	.cache_bytes = n_cache_size,
	.memory_only = f_memory,
	.wipe_data = f_wipe,
	.obfuscate = f_obfuscate,
	.options = [] {
	DBOptions options;
	node::ReadDatabaseArgs(gArgs, options);
	return options;
	}()}} {}

	bool BaseIndex::DB::ReadBestBlock(CBlockLocator &locator) const {
	bool success = Read(DB_BEST_BLOCK, locator);
	if (!success) {
	locator.SetNull();
	}
	return success;
	}

	void BaseIndex::DB::WriteBestBlock(CDBBatch &batch,
	const CBlockLocator &locator) {
	batch.Write(DB_BEST_BLOCK, locator);
	}

	BaseIndex::BaseIndex(std::unique_ptr<interfaces::Chain> chain, std::string name)
	: m_chain{std::move(chain)}, m_name{std::move(name)} {}

	BaseIndex::~BaseIndex() {
	Interrupt();
	Stop();
	}

	bool BaseIndex::Init() {
	// m_chainstate member gives indexing code access to node internals. It is
	// removed in followup https://github.com/bitcoin/bitcoin/pull/24230
	m_chainstate = &m_chain->context()->chainman->ActiveChainstate();
	// Register to validation interface before setting the 'm_synced' flag, so
	// that callbacks are not missed once m_synced is true.
	RegisterValidationInterface(this);

	CBlockLocator locator;
	if (!GetDB().ReadBestBlock(locator)) {
	locator.SetNull();
	}

	LOCK(cs_main);
	CChain &active_chain = m_chainstate->m_chain;
	if (locator.IsNull()) {
	SetBestBlockIndex(nullptr);
	} else {
	// Setting the best block to the locator's top block. If it is not part
	// of the best chain, we will rewind to the fork point during index sync
	const CBlockIndex *locator_index{
	m_chainstate->m_blockman.LookupBlockIndex(locator.vHave.at(0))};
	if (!locator_index) {
	return InitError(
	strprintf(Untranslated("%s: best block of the index not found. "
	"Please rebuild the index."),
	GetName()));
	}
	SetBestBlockIndex(locator_index);
	}

	// Skip pruning check if indexes are not ready to sync (because
	// reindex-chainstate has wiped the chain).
	const CBlockIndex *start_block = m_best_block_index.load();
	bool synced = start_block == active_chain.Tip();
	if (!synced && g_indexes_ready_to_sync) {
	const CBlockIndex *block_to_test =
	start_block ? start_block : active_chain.Genesis();

	// Assert block_to_test is not null here. It can't be null because the
	// genesis block can't be null here. The genesis block will be null
	// during this BaseIndex::Init() call if the node is being started for
	// the first time, or if -reindex is used. But in both of these cases
	// m_best_block_index is also null so this branch is not reached.
	assert(block_to_test);

	if (!active_chain.Contains(block_to_test)) {
	// if the bestblock is not part of the mainchain, find the fork
	// so we can make sure we have all data down to the fork
	block_to_test = active_chain.FindFork(block_to_test);
	}

	// make sure we have all block data back to the start block
	if (!m_chainstate->m_blockman.CheckBlockDataAvailability(
	active_chain.Tip(), Assert(block_to_test))) {
	return InitError(strprintf(
	Untranslated("%s best block of the index goes beyond pruned "
	"data. Please disable the index or reindex (which "
	"will download the whole blockchain again)"),
	GetName()));
	}
	}

	// Child init
	if (!CustomInit(start_block ? std::make_optional(interfaces::BlockKey{
	start_block->GetBlockHash(),
	start_block->nHeight})
	: std::nullopt)) {
	return false;
	}

	// Note: this will latch to true immediately if the user starts up with an
	// empty datadir and an index enabled. If this is the case, indexation will
	// happen solely via `BlockConnected` signals until, possibly, the next
	// restart.
	m_synced = synced;
	m_init = true;
	return true;
	}

	static const CBlockIndex NextSyncBlock(const CBlockIndex pindex_prev,
	CChain &chain)
	EXCLUSIVE_LOCKS_REQUIRED(cs_main) {
	AssertLockHeld(cs_main);

	if (!pindex_prev) {
	return chain.Genesis();
	}

	const CBlockIndex *pindex = chain.Next(pindex_prev);
	if (pindex) {
	return pindex;
	}

	return chain.Next(chain.FindFork(pindex_prev));
	}

	void BaseIndex::ThreadSync() {
	- // Wait for a possible reindex-chainstate to finish until continuing
	- // with the index sync
	- while (!g_indexes_ready_to_sync) {
	- if (!m_interrupt.sleep_for(std::chrono::milliseconds(500))) {
	- return;
	- }
	- }
	-
	const CBlockIndex *pindex = m_best_block_index.load();
	if (!m_synced) {
	int64_t last_log_time = 0;
	int64_t last_locator_write_time = 0;
	while (true) {
	if (m_interrupt) {
	SetBestBlockIndex(pindex);
	// No need to handle errors in Commit. If it fails, the error
	// will be already be logged. The best way to recover is to
	// continue, as index cannot be corrupted by a missed commit to
	// disk for an advanced index state.
	Commit();
	return;
	}

	{
	LOCK(cs_main);
	const CBlockIndex *pindex_next =
	NextSyncBlock(pindex, m_chainstate->m_chain);
	if (!pindex_next) {
	SetBestBlockIndex(pindex);
	m_synced = true;
	// No need to handle errors in Commit. See rationale above.
	Commit();
	break;
	}
	if (pindex_next->pprev != pindex &&
	!Rewind(pindex, pindex_next->pprev)) {
	FatalError(
	"%s: Failed to rewind index %s to a previous chain tip",
	__func__, GetName());
	return;
	}
	pindex = pindex_next;
	}

	CBlock block;
	if (!m_chainstate->m_blockman.ReadBlockFromDisk(block, *pindex)) {
	FatalError("%s: Failed to read block %s from disk", __func__,
	pindex->GetBlockHash().ToString());
	return;
	}
	if (!WriteBlock(block, pindex)) {
	FatalError("%s: Failed to write block %s to index database",
	__func__, pindex->GetBlockHash().ToString());
	return;
	}

	int64_t current_time = GetTime();
	if (last_log_time + SYNC_LOG_INTERVAL < current_time) {
	LogPrintf("Syncing %s with block chain from height %d\n",
	GetName(), pindex->nHeight);
	last_log_time = current_time;
	}

	if (last_locator_write_time + SYNC_LOCATOR_WRITE_INTERVAL <
	current_time) {
	SetBestBlockIndex(pindex->pprev);
	last_locator_write_time = current_time;
	// No need to handle errors in Commit. See rationale above.
	Commit();
	}
	}
	}

	if (pindex) {
	LogPrintf("%s is enabled at height %d\n", GetName(), pindex->nHeight);
	} else {
	LogPrintf("%s is enabled\n", GetName());
	}
	}

	bool BaseIndex::Commit() {
	CDBBatch batch(GetDB());
	if (!CommitInternal(batch) \|\| !GetDB().WriteBatch(batch)) {
	return error("%s: Failed to commit latest %s state", __func__,
	GetName());
	}
	return true;
	}

	bool BaseIndex::CommitInternal(CDBBatch &batch) {
	LOCK(cs_main);
	// Don't commit anything if we haven't indexed any block yet
	// (this could happen if init is interrupted).
	if (m_best_block_index == nullptr) {
	return false;
	}
	GetDB().WriteBestBlock(batch, GetLocator(m_best_block_index));
	return true;
	}

	bool BaseIndex::Rewind(const CBlockIndex *current_tip,
	const CBlockIndex *new_tip) {
	assert(current_tip == m_best_block_index);
	assert(current_tip->GetAncestor(new_tip->nHeight) == new_tip);

	// In the case of a reorg, ensure persisted block locator is not stale.
	// Pruning has a minimum of 288 blocks-to-keep and getting the index
	// out of sync may be possible but a users fault.
	// In case we reorg beyond the pruned depth, ReadBlockFromDisk would
	// throw and lead to a graceful shutdown
	SetBestBlockIndex(new_tip);
	if (!Commit()) {
	// If commit fails, revert the best block index to avoid corruption.
	SetBestBlockIndex(current_tip);
	return false;
	}

	return true;
	}

	void BaseIndex::BlockConnected(const std::shared_ptr<const CBlock> &block,
	const CBlockIndex *pindex) {
	if (!m_synced) {
	return;
	}

	const CBlockIndex *best_block_index = m_best_block_index.load();
	if (!best_block_index) {
	if (pindex->nHeight != 0) {
	FatalError("%s: First block connected is not the genesis block "
	"(height=%d)",
	__func__, pindex->nHeight);
	return;
	}
	} else {
	// Ensure block connects to an ancestor of the current best block. This
	// should be the case most of the time, but may not be immediately after
	// the the sync thread catches up and sets m_synced. Consider the case
	// where there is a reorg and the blocks on the stale branch are in the
	// ValidationInterface queue backlog even after the sync thread has
	// caught up to the new chain tip. In this unlikely event, log a warning
	// and let the queue clear.
	if (best_block_index->GetAncestor(pindex->nHeight - 1) !=
	pindex->pprev) {
	LogPrintf("%s: WARNING: Block %s does not connect to an ancestor "
	"of known best chain (tip=%s); not updating index\n",
	__func__, pindex->GetBlockHash().ToString(),
	best_block_index->GetBlockHash().ToString());
	return;
	}
	if (best_block_index != pindex->pprev &&
	!Rewind(best_block_index, pindex->pprev)) {
	FatalError("%s: Failed to rewind index %s to a previous chain tip",
	__func__, GetName());
	return;
	}
	}

	if (WriteBlock(*block, pindex)) {
	// Setting the best block index is intentionally the last step of this
	// function, so BlockUntilSyncedToCurrentChain callers waiting for the
	// best block index to be updated can rely on the block being fully
	// processed, and the index object being safe to delete.
	SetBestBlockIndex(pindex);
	} else {
	FatalError("%s: Failed to write block %s to index", __func__,
	pindex->GetBlockHash().ToString());
	return;
	}
	}

	void BaseIndex::ChainStateFlushed(const CBlockLocator &locator) {
	if (!m_synced) {
	return;
	}

	const BlockHash &locator_tip_hash = locator.vHave.front();
	const CBlockIndex *locator_tip_index;
	{
	LOCK(cs_main);
	locator_tip_index =
	m_chainstate->m_blockman.LookupBlockIndex(locator_tip_hash);
	}

	if (!locator_tip_index) {
	FatalError("%s: First block (hash=%s) in locator was not found",
	__func__, locator_tip_hash.ToString());
	return;
	}

	// This checks that ChainStateFlushed callbacks are received after
	// BlockConnected. The check may fail immediately after the the sync thread
	// catches up and sets m_synced. Consider the case where there is a reorg
	// and the blocks on the stale branch are in the ValidationInterface queue
	// backlog even after the sync thread has caught up to the new chain tip. In
	// this unlikely event, log a warning and let the queue clear.
	const CBlockIndex *best_block_index = m_best_block_index.load();
	if (best_block_index->GetAncestor(locator_tip_index->nHeight) !=
	locator_tip_index) {
	LogPrintf("%s: WARNING: Locator contains block (hash=%s) not on known "
	"best chain (tip=%s); not writing index locator\n",
	__func__, locator_tip_hash.ToString(),
	best_block_index->GetBlockHash().ToString());
	return;
	}

	// No need to handle errors in Commit. If it fails, the error will be
	// already be logged. The best way to recover is to continue, as index
	// cannot be corrupted by a missed commit to disk for an advanced index
	// state.
	Commit();
	}

	bool BaseIndex::BlockUntilSyncedToCurrentChain() const {
	AssertLockNotHeld(cs_main);

	if (!m_synced) {
	return false;
	}

	{
	// Skip the queue-draining stuff if we know we're caught up with
	// m_chain.Tip().
	LOCK(cs_main);
	const CBlockIndex *chain_tip = m_chainstate->m_chain.Tip();
	const CBlockIndex *best_block_index = m_best_block_index.load();
	if (best_block_index->GetAncestor(chain_tip->nHeight) == chain_tip) {
	return true;
	}
	}

	LogPrintf("%s: %s is catching up on block notifications\n", __func__,
	GetName());
	SyncWithValidationInterfaceQueue();
	return true;
	}

	void BaseIndex::Interrupt() {
	m_interrupt();
	}

	bool BaseIndex::StartBackgroundSync() {
	if (!m_init) {
	throw std::logic_error("Error: Cannot start a non-initialized index");
	}

	m_thread_sync =
	std::thread(&util::TraceThread, GetName(), [this] { ThreadSync(); });
	return true;
	}

	void BaseIndex::Stop() {
	UnregisterValidationInterface(this);

	if (m_thread_sync.joinable()) {
	m_thread_sync.join();
	}
	}

	IndexSummary BaseIndex::GetSummary() const {
	IndexSummary summary{};
	summary.name = GetName();
	summary.synced = m_synced;
	summary.best_block_height =
	m_best_block_index ? m_best_block_index.load()->nHeight : 0;
	return summary;
	}

	void BaseIndex::SetBestBlockIndex(const CBlockIndex *block) {
	assert(!m_chainstate->m_blockman.IsPruneMode() \|\| AllowPrune());

	if (AllowPrune() && block) {
	node::PruneLockInfo prune_lock;
	prune_lock.height_first = block->nHeight;
	WITH_LOCK(::cs_main, m_chainstate->m_blockman.UpdatePruneLock(
	GetName(), prune_lock));
	}

	// Intentionally set m_best_block_index as the last step in this function,
	// after updating prune locks above, and after making any other references
	// to *this, so the BlockUntilSyncedToCurrentChain function (which checks
	// m_best_block_index as an optimization) can be used to wait for the last
	// BlockConnected notification and safely assume that prune locks are
	// updated and that the index object is safe to delete.
	m_best_block_index = block;
	}
	diff --git a/src/init.cpp b/src/init.cpp
	index c96a2c3d8c..5e99aaebb2 100644
	--- a/src/init.cpp
	+++ b/src/init.cpp
	@@ -1,3048 +1,3054 @@
	// Copyright (c) 2009-2010 Satoshi Nakamoto
	// Copyright (c) 2009-2018 The Bitcoin Core developers
	// Distributed under the MIT software license, see the accompanying
	// file COPYING or http://www.opensource.org/licenses/mit-license.php.

	#if defined(HAVE_CONFIG_H)
	#include <config/bitcoin-config.h>
	#endif

	#include <init.h>

	#include <kernel/checks.h>
	#include <kernel/mempool_persist.h>
	#include <kernel/validation_cache_sizes.h>

	#include <addrman.h>
	#include <avalanche/avalanche.h>
	#include <avalanche/processor.h>
	#include <avalanche/proof.h> // For AVALANCHE_LEGACY_PROOF_DEFAULT
	#include <avalanche/validation.h>
	#include <avalanche/voterecord.h> // For AVALANCHE_VOTE_STALE_*
	#include <banman.h>
	#include <blockfilter.h>
	#include <chain.h>
	#include <chainparams.h>
	#include <common/args.h>
	#include <config.h>
	#include <consensus/amount.h>
	#include <currencyunit.h>
	#include <flatfile.h>
	#include <hash.h>
	#include <httprpc.h>
	#include <httpserver.h>
	#include <index/blockfilterindex.h>
	#include <index/coinstatsindex.h>
	#include <index/txindex.h>
	#include <init/common.h>
	#include <interfaces/chain.h>
	#include <interfaces/node.h>
	#include <mapport.h>
	#include <mempool_args.h>
	#include <net.h>
	#include <net_permissions.h>
	#include <net_processing.h>
	#include <netbase.h>
	#include <node/blockmanager_args.h>
	#include <node/blockstorage.h>
	#include <node/caches.h>
	#include <node/chainstate.h>
	#include <node/chainstatemanager_args.h>
	#include <node/context.h>
	#include <node/kernel_notifications.h>
	#include <node/mempool_persist_args.h>
	#include <node/miner.h>
	#include <node/peerman_args.h>
	#include <node/ui_interface.h>
	#include <node/validation_cache_args.h>
	#include <policy/block/rtt.h>
	#include <policy/policy.h>
	#include <policy/settings.h>
	#include <rpc/blockchain.h>
	#include <rpc/register.h>
	#include <rpc/server.h>
	#include <rpc/util.h>
	#include <scheduler.h>
	#include <script/scriptcache.h>
	#include <script/sigcache.h>
	#include <script/standard.h>
	#include <shutdown.h>
	#include <sync.h>
	#include <timedata.h>
	#include <torcontrol.h>
	#include <txdb.h>
	#include <txmempool.h>
	#include <util/asmap.h>
	#include <util/check.h>
	#include <util/fs.h>
	#include <util/fs_helpers.h>
	#include <util/moneystr.h>
	#include <util/string.h>
	#include <util/syserror.h>
	#include <util/thread.h>
	#include <util/threadnames.h>
	#include <util/translation.h>
	#include <validation.h>
	#include <validationinterface.h>
	#include <walletinitinterface.h>

	#include <boost/signals2/signal.hpp>

	#if ENABLE_CHRONIK
	#include <chronik-cpp/chronik.h>
	#endif

	#if ENABLE_ZMQ
	#include <zmq/zmqabstractnotifier.h>
	#include <zmq/zmqnotificationinterface.h>
	#include <zmq/zmqrpc.h>
	#endif

	#ifndef WIN32
	#include <cerrno>
	#include <csignal>
	#include <sys/stat.h>
	#endif
	#include <algorithm>
	#include <condition_variable>
	#include <cstdint>
	#include <cstdio>
	#include <fstream>
	#include <functional>
	#include <set>
	#include <string>
	#include <thread>
	#include <vector>

	using kernel::DEFAULT_STOPAFTERBLOCKIMPORT;
	using kernel::DumpMempool;
	using kernel::ValidationCacheSizes;

	using node::ApplyArgsManOptions;
	using node::BlockManager;
	using node::CacheSizes;
	using node::CalculateCacheSizes;
	using node::DEFAULT_PERSIST_MEMPOOL;
	using node::fReindex;
	using node::g_indexes_ready_to_sync;
	using node::ImportBlocks;
	using node::KernelNotifications;
	using node::LoadChainstate;
	using node::MempoolPath;
	using node::NodeContext;
	using node::ShouldPersistMempool;
	using node::VerifyLoadedChainstate;

	static const bool DEFAULT_PROXYRANDOMIZE = true;
	static const bool DEFAULT_REST_ENABLE = false;
	static constexpr bool DEFAULT_CHRONIK = false;

	#ifdef WIN32
	// Win32 LevelDB doesn't use filedescriptors, and the ones used for accessing
	// block files don't count towards the fd_set size limit anyway.
	#define MIN_CORE_FILEDESCRIPTORS 0
	#else
	#define MIN_CORE_FILEDESCRIPTORS 150
	#endif

	static const char *DEFAULT_ASMAP_FILENAME = "ip_asn.map";

	static const std::string HEADERS_TIME_FILE_NAME{"headerstime.dat"};

	/**
	* The PID file facilities.
	*/
	static const char *BITCOIN_PID_FILENAME = "bitcoind.pid";

	static fs::path GetPidFile(const ArgsManager &args) {
	return AbsPathForConfigVal(args,
	args.GetPathArg("-pid", BITCOIN_PID_FILENAME));
	}

	[[nodiscard]] static bool CreatePidFile(const ArgsManager &args) {
	std::ofstream file{GetPidFile(args)};
	if (file) {
	#ifdef WIN32
	tfm::format(file, "%d\n", GetCurrentProcessId());
	#else
	tfm::format(file, "%d\n", getpid());
	#endif
	return true;
	} else {
	return InitError(strprintf(_("Unable to create the PID file '%s': %s"),
	fs::PathToString(GetPidFile(args)),
	SysErrorString(errno)));
	}
	}

	//////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
	//
	// Shutdown
	//

	//
	// Thread management and startup/shutdown:
	//
	// The network-processing threads are all part of a thread group created by
	// AppInit() or the Qt main() function.
	//
	// A clean exit happens when StartShutdown() or the SIGTERM signal handler sets
	// fRequestShutdown, which makes main thread's WaitForShutdown() interrupts the
	// thread group.
	// And then, WaitForShutdown() makes all other on-going threads in the thread
	// group join the main thread.
	// Shutdown() is then called to clean up database connections, and stop other
	// threads that should only be stopped after the main network-processing threads
	// have exited.
	//
	// Shutdown for Qt is very similar, only it uses a QTimer to detect
	// ShutdownRequested() getting set, and then does the normal Qt shutdown thing.
	//

	void Interrupt(NodeContext &node) {
	InterruptHTTPServer();
	InterruptHTTPRPC();
	InterruptRPC();
	InterruptREST();
	InterruptTorControl();
	InterruptMapPort();
	if (node.avalanche) {
	// Avalanche needs to be stopped before we interrupt the thread group as
	// the scheduler will stop working then.
	node.avalanche->stopEventLoop();
	}
	if (node.connman) {
	node.connman->Interrupt();
	}
	if (g_txindex) {
	g_txindex->Interrupt();
	}
	ForEachBlockFilterIndex([](BlockFilterIndex &index) { index.Interrupt(); });
	if (g_coin_stats_index) {
	g_coin_stats_index->Interrupt();
	}
	}

	void Shutdown(NodeContext &node) {
	static Mutex g_shutdown_mutex;
	TRY_LOCK(g_shutdown_mutex, lock_shutdown);
	if (!lock_shutdown) {
	return;
	}
	LogPrintf("%s: In progress...\n", __func__);
	Assert(node.args);

	/// Note: Shutdown() must be able to handle cases in which initialization
	/// failed part of the way, for example if the data directory was found to
	/// be locked. Be sure that anything that writes files or flushes caches
	/// only does this if the respective module was initialized.
	util::ThreadRename("shutoff");
	if (node.mempool) {
	node.mempool->AddTransactionsUpdated(1);
	}

	StopHTTPRPC();
	StopREST();
	StopRPC();
	StopHTTPServer();
	for (const auto &client : node.chain_clients) {
	client->flush();
	}
	StopMapPort();

	// Because avalanche and the network depend on each other, it is important
	// to shut them down in this order:
	// 1. Stop avalanche event loop.
	// 2. Shutdown network processing.
	// 3. Destroy avalanche::Processor.
	// 4. Destroy CConnman
	if (node.avalanche) {
	node.avalanche->stopEventLoop();
	}

	// Because these depend on each-other, we make sure that neither can be
	// using the other before destroying them.
	if (node.peerman) {
	UnregisterValidationInterface(node.peerman.get());
	}
	if (node.connman) {
	node.connman->Stop();
	}

	StopTorControl();

	// After everything has been shut down, but before things get flushed, stop
	// the CScheduler/checkqueue, scheduler and load block thread.
	if (node.scheduler) {
	node.scheduler->stop();
	}
	if (node.chainman && node.chainman->m_thread_load.joinable()) {
	node.chainman->m_thread_load.join();
	}
	StopScriptCheckWorkerThreads();

	// After the threads that potentially access these pointers have been
	// stopped, destruct and reset all to nullptr.
	node.peerman.reset();

	// Destroy various global instances
	node.avalanche.reset();
	node.connman.reset();
	node.banman.reset();
	node.addrman.reset();

	if (node.mempool && node.mempool->GetLoadTried() &&
	ShouldPersistMempool(*node.args)) {
	DumpMempool(node.mempool, MempoolPath(node.args));
	}

	// FlushStateToDisk generates a ChainStateFlushed callback, which we should
	// avoid missing
	if (node.chainman) {
	LOCK(cs_main);
	for (Chainstate *chainstate : node.chainman->GetAll()) {
	if (chainstate->CanFlushToDisk()) {
	chainstate->ForceFlushStateToDisk();
	}
	}
	}

	// After there are no more peers/RPC left to give us new data which may
	// generate CValidationInterface callbacks, flush them...
	GetMainSignals().FlushBackgroundCallbacks();

	#if ENABLE_CHRONIK
	if (node.args->GetBoolArg("-chronik", DEFAULT_CHRONIK)) {
	chronik::Stop();
	}
	#endif

	// Stop and delete all indexes only after flushing background callbacks.
	if (g_txindex) {
	g_txindex->Stop();
	g_txindex.reset();
	}
	if (g_coin_stats_index) {
	g_coin_stats_index->Stop();
	g_coin_stats_index.reset();
	}
	ForEachBlockFilterIndex([](BlockFilterIndex &index) { index.Stop(); });
	DestroyAllBlockFilterIndexes();

	// Any future callbacks will be dropped. This should absolutely be safe - if
	// missing a callback results in an unrecoverable situation, unclean
	// shutdown would too. The only reason to do the above flushes is to let the
	// wallet catch up with our current chain to avoid any strange pruning edge
	// cases and make next startup faster by avoiding rescan.

	if (node.chainman) {
	LOCK(cs_main);
	for (Chainstate *chainstate : node.chainman->GetAll()) {
	if (chainstate->CanFlushToDisk()) {
	chainstate->ForceFlushStateToDisk();
	chainstate->ResetCoinsViews();
	}
	}

	node.chainman->DumpRecentHeadersTime(node.chainman->m_options.datadir /
	HEADERS_TIME_FILE_NAME);
	}
	for (const auto &client : node.chain_clients) {
	client->stop();
	}

	#if ENABLE_ZMQ
	if (g_zmq_notification_interface) {
	UnregisterValidationInterface(g_zmq_notification_interface.get());
	g_zmq_notification_interface.reset();
	}
	#endif

	node.chain_clients.clear();
	UnregisterAllValidationInterfaces();
	GetMainSignals().UnregisterBackgroundSignalScheduler();
	node.kernel.reset();
	node.mempool.reset();
	node.chainman.reset();
	node.scheduler.reset();

	try {
	if (!fs::remove(GetPidFile(*node.args))) {
	LogPrintf("%s: Unable to remove PID file: File does not exist\n",
	__func__);
	}
	} catch (const fs::filesystem_error &e) {
	LogPrintf("%s: Unable to remove PID file: %s\n", __func__,
	fsbridge::get_filesystem_error_message(e));
	}

	LogPrintf("%s: done\n", __func__);
	}

	/**
	* Signal handlers are very limited in what they are allowed to do.
	* The execution context the handler is invoked in is not guaranteed,
	* so we restrict handler operations to just touching variables:
	*/
	#ifndef WIN32
	static void HandleSIGTERM(int) {
	StartShutdown();
	}

	static void HandleSIGHUP(int) {
	LogInstance().m_reopen_file = true;
	}
	#else
	static BOOL WINAPI consoleCtrlHandler(DWORD dwCtrlType) {
	StartShutdown();
	Sleep(INFINITE);
	return true;
	}
	#endif

	#ifndef WIN32
	static void registerSignalHandler(int signal, void (*handler)(int)) {
	struct sigaction sa;
	sa.sa_handler = handler;
	sigemptyset(&sa.sa_mask);
	sa.sa_flags = 0;
	sigaction(signal, &sa, NULL);
	}
	#endif

	static boost::signals2::connection rpc_notify_block_change_connection;
	static void OnRPCStarted() {
	rpc_notify_block_change_connection = uiInterface.NotifyBlockTip_connect(
	std::bind(RPCNotifyBlockChange, std::placeholders::_2));
	}

	static void OnRPCStopped() {
	rpc_notify_block_change_connection.disconnect();
	RPCNotifyBlockChange(nullptr);
	g_best_block_cv.notify_all();
	LogPrint(BCLog::RPC, "RPC stopped.\n");
	}

	void SetupServerArgs(NodeContext &node) {
	assert(!node.args);
	node.args = &gArgs;
	ArgsManager &argsman = *node.args;

	SetupHelpOptions(argsman);
	SetupCurrencyUnitOptions(argsman);
	// server-only for now
	argsman.AddArg("-help-debug",
	"Print help message with debugging options and exit", false,
	OptionsCategory::DEBUG_TEST);

	init::AddLoggingArgs(argsman);

	const auto defaultBaseParams =
	CreateBaseChainParams(CBaseChainParams::MAIN);
	const auto testnetBaseParams =
	CreateBaseChainParams(CBaseChainParams::TESTNET);
	const auto regtestBaseParams =
	CreateBaseChainParams(CBaseChainParams::REGTEST);
	const auto defaultChainParams =
	CreateChainParams(argsman, CBaseChainParams::MAIN);
	const auto testnetChainParams =
	CreateChainParams(argsman, CBaseChainParams::TESTNET);
	const auto regtestChainParams =
	CreateChainParams(argsman, CBaseChainParams::REGTEST);

	// Hidden Options
	std::vector<std::string> hidden_args = {
	"-dbcrashratio",
	"-forcecompactdb",
	"-maxaddrtosend",
	"-parkdeepreorg",
	"-automaticunparking",
	"-replayprotectionactivationtime",
	"-enableminerfund",
	"-chronikallowpause",
	"-chronikcors",
	// GUI args. These will be overwritten by SetupUIArgs for the GUI
	"-allowselfsignedrootcertificates",
	"-choosedatadir",
	"-lang=<lang>",
	"-min",
	"-resetguisettings",
	"-rootcertificates=<file>",
	"-splash",
	"-uiplatform",
	// TODO remove after the May. 2025 upgrade
	"-schumpeteractivationtime",
	};

	// Set all of the args and their help
	// When adding new options to the categories, please keep and ensure
	// alphabetical ordering. Do not translate _(...) -help-debug options, Many
	// technical terms, and only a very small audience, so is unnecessary stress
	// to translators.
	argsman.AddArg("-version", "Print version and exit", ArgsManager::ALLOW_ANY,
	OptionsCategory::OPTIONS);
	#if defined(HAVE_SYSTEM)
	argsman.AddArg(
	"-alertnotify=<cmd>",
	"Execute command when a relevant alert is received or we see "
	"a really long fork (%s in cmd is replaced by message)",
	ArgsManager::ALLOW_ANY, OptionsCategory::OPTIONS);
	#endif
	argsman.AddArg(
	"-assumevalid=<hex>",
	strprintf(
	"If this block is in the chain assume that it and its ancestors "
	"are valid and potentially skip their script verification (0 to "
	"verify all, default: %s, testnet: %s)",
	defaultChainParams->GetConsensus().defaultAssumeValid.GetHex(),
	testnetChainParams->GetConsensus().defaultAssumeValid.GetHex()),
	ArgsManager::ALLOW_ANY, OptionsCategory::OPTIONS);
	argsman.AddArg("-blocksdir=<dir>",
	"Specify directory to hold blocks subdirectory for *.dat "
	"files (default: <datadir>)",
	ArgsManager::ALLOW_ANY, OptionsCategory::OPTIONS);
	argsman.AddArg("-fastprune",
	"Use smaller block files and lower minimum prune height for "
	"testing purposes",
	ArgsManager::ALLOW_ANY \| ArgsManager::DEBUG_ONLY,
	OptionsCategory::DEBUG_TEST);
	#if defined(HAVE_SYSTEM)
	argsman.AddArg("-blocknotify=<cmd>",
	"Execute command when the best block changes (%s in cmd is "
	"replaced by block hash)",
	ArgsManager::ALLOW_ANY, OptionsCategory::OPTIONS);
	#endif
	argsman.AddArg("-blockreconstructionextratxn=<n>",
	strprintf("Extra transactions to keep in memory for compact "
	"block reconstructions (default: %u)",
	DEFAULT_BLOCK_RECONSTRUCTION_EXTRA_TXN),
	ArgsManager::ALLOW_ANY, OptionsCategory::OPTIONS);
	argsman.AddArg(
	"-blocksonly",
	strprintf("Whether to reject transactions from network peers. "
	"Disables automatic broadcast and rebroadcast of "
	"transactions, unless the source peer has the "
	"'forcerelay' permission. RPC transactions are"
	" not affected. (default: %u)",
	DEFAULT_BLOCKSONLY),
	ArgsManager::ALLOW_ANY, OptionsCategory::OPTIONS);
	argsman.AddArg("-coinstatsindex",
	strprintf("Maintain coinstats index used by the "
	"gettxoutsetinfo RPC (default: %u)",
	DEFAULT_COINSTATSINDEX),
	ArgsManager::ALLOW_ANY, OptionsCategory::OPTIONS);
	argsman.AddArg(
	"-conf=<file>",
	strprintf("Specify path to read-only configuration file. Relative "
	"paths will be prefixed by datadir location. (default: %s)",
	BITCOIN_CONF_FILENAME),
	ArgsManager::ALLOW_ANY, OptionsCategory::OPTIONS);
	argsman.AddArg("-datadir=<dir>", "Specify data directory",
	ArgsManager::ALLOW_ANY, OptionsCategory::OPTIONS);
	argsman.AddArg(
	"-dbbatchsize",
	strprintf("Maximum database write batch size in bytes (default: %u)",
	DEFAULT_DB_BATCH_SIZE),
	ArgsManager::ALLOW_ANY \| ArgsManager::DEBUG_ONLY,
	OptionsCategory::OPTIONS);
	argsman.AddArg(
	"-dbcache=<n>",
	strprintf("Set database cache size in MiB (%d to %d, default: %d)",
	MIN_DB_CACHE_MB, MAX_DB_CACHE_MB, DEFAULT_DB_CACHE_MB),
	ArgsManager::ALLOW_ANY, OptionsCategory::OPTIONS);
	argsman.AddArg(
	"-includeconf=<file>",
	"Specify additional configuration file, relative to the -datadir path "
	"(only useable from configuration file, not command line)",
	ArgsManager::ALLOW_ANY, OptionsCategory::OPTIONS);
	argsman.AddArg("-loadblock=<file>",
	"Imports blocks from external file on startup",
	ArgsManager::ALLOW_ANY, OptionsCategory::OPTIONS);
	argsman.AddArg("-maxmempool=<n>",
	strprintf("Keep the transaction memory pool below <n> "
	"megabytes (default: %u)",
	DEFAULT_MAX_MEMPOOL_SIZE_MB),
	ArgsManager::ALLOW_ANY, OptionsCategory::OPTIONS);
	argsman.AddArg("-maxorphantx=<n>",
	strprintf("Keep at most <n> unconnectable transactions in "
	"memory (default: %u)",
	DEFAULT_MAX_ORPHAN_TRANSACTIONS),
	ArgsManager::ALLOW_ANY, OptionsCategory::OPTIONS);
	argsman.AddArg("-mempoolexpiry=<n>",
	strprintf("Do not keep transactions in the mempool longer "
	"than <n> hours (default: %u)",
	DEFAULT_MEMPOOL_EXPIRY_HOURS),
	ArgsManager::ALLOW_ANY, OptionsCategory::OPTIONS);
	argsman.AddArg(
	"-minimumchainwork=<hex>",
	strprintf(
	"Minimum work assumed to exist on a valid chain in hex "
	"(default: %s, testnet: %s)",
	defaultChainParams->GetConsensus().nMinimumChainWork.GetHex(),
	testnetChainParams->GetConsensus().nMinimumChainWork.GetHex()),
	ArgsManager::ALLOW_ANY \| ArgsManager::DEBUG_ONLY,
	OptionsCategory::OPTIONS);
	argsman.AddArg(
	"-par=<n>",
	strprintf("Set the number of script verification threads (%u to %d, 0 "
	"= auto, <0 = leave that many cores free, default: %d)",
	-GetNumCores(), MAX_SCRIPTCHECK_THREADS,
	DEFAULT_SCRIPTCHECK_THREADS),
	ArgsManager::ALLOW_ANY, OptionsCategory::OPTIONS);
	argsman.AddArg("-persistmempool",
	strprintf("Whether to save the mempool on shutdown and load "
	"on restart (default: %u)",
	DEFAULT_PERSIST_MEMPOOL),
	ArgsManager::ALLOW_ANY, OptionsCategory::OPTIONS);
	argsman.AddArg(
	"-persistrecentheaderstime",
	strprintf(
	"Whether the node stores the recent headers reception time to a "
	"file and load it upon startup. This is intended for mining nodes "
	"to overestimate the real time target upon restart (default: %u)",
	DEFAULT_STORE_RECENT_HEADERS_TIME),
	ArgsManager::ALLOW_BOOL, OptionsCategory::OPTIONS);
	argsman.AddArg(
	"-pid=<file>",
	strprintf("Specify pid file. Relative paths will be prefixed "
	"by a net-specific datadir location. (default: %s)",
	BITCOIN_PID_FILENAME),
	ArgsManager::ALLOW_ANY, OptionsCategory::OPTIONS);
	argsman.AddArg(
	"-prune=<n>",
	strprintf("Reduce storage requirements by enabling pruning (deleting) "
	"of old blocks. This allows the pruneblockchain RPC to be "
	"called to delete specific blocks and enables automatic "
	"pruning of old blocks if a target size in MiB is provided. "
	"This mode is incompatible with -txindex and -rescan. "
	"Warning: Reverting this setting requires re-downloading the "
	"entire blockchain. (default: 0 = disable pruning blocks, "
	"1 = allow manual pruning via RPC, >=%u = automatically "
	"prune block files to stay under the specified target size "
	"in MiB)",
	MIN_DISK_SPACE_FOR_BLOCK_FILES / 1024 / 1024),
	ArgsManager::ALLOW_ANY, OptionsCategory::OPTIONS);
	argsman.AddArg(
	"-reindex-chainstate",
	"Rebuild chain state from the currently indexed blocks. When "
	"in pruning mode or if blocks on disk might be corrupted, use "
	"full -reindex instead.",
	ArgsManager::ALLOW_ANY, OptionsCategory::OPTIONS);
	argsman.AddArg(
	"-reindex",
	"Rebuild chain state and block index from the blk*.dat files on disk."
	" This will also rebuild active optional indexes.",
	ArgsManager::ALLOW_ANY, OptionsCategory::OPTIONS);
	argsman.AddArg(
	"-settings=<file>",
	strprintf(
	"Specify path to dynamic settings data file. Can be disabled with "
	"-nosettings. File is written at runtime and not meant to be "
	"edited by users (use %s instead for custom settings). Relative "
	"paths will be prefixed by datadir location. (default: %s)",
	BITCOIN_CONF_FILENAME, BITCOIN_SETTINGS_FILENAME),
	ArgsManager::ALLOW_ANY, OptionsCategory::OPTIONS);
	#if HAVE_SYSTEM
	argsman.AddArg("-startupnotify=<cmd>", "Execute command on startup.",
	ArgsManager::ALLOW_ANY, OptionsCategory::OPTIONS);
	#endif
	#ifndef WIN32
	argsman.AddArg(
	"-sysperms",
	"Create new files with system default permissions, instead of umask "
	"077 (only effective with disabled wallet functionality)",
	ArgsManager::ALLOW_ANY, OptionsCategory::OPTIONS);
	#else
	hidden_args.emplace_back("-sysperms");
	#endif
	argsman.AddArg("-txindex",
	strprintf("Maintain a full transaction index, used by the "
	"getrawtransaction rpc call (default: %d)",
	DEFAULT_TXINDEX),
	ArgsManager::ALLOW_ANY, OptionsCategory::OPTIONS);
	#if ENABLE_CHRONIK
	argsman.AddArg(
	"-chronik",
	strprintf("Enable the Chronik indexer, which can be read via a "
	"dedicated HTTP/Protobuf interface (default: %d)",
	DEFAULT_CHRONIK),
	ArgsManager::ALLOW_BOOL, OptionsCategory::CHRONIK);
	argsman.AddArg(
	"-chronikbind=<addr>[:port]",
	strprintf(
	"Bind the Chronik indexer to the given address to listen for "
	"HTTP/Protobuf connections to access the index. Unlike the "
	"JSON-RPC, it's ok to have this publicly exposed on the internet. "
	"This option can be specified multiple times (default: %s; default "
	"port: %u, testnet: %u, regtest: %u)",
	Join(chronik::DEFAULT_BINDS, ", "),
	defaultBaseParams->ChronikPort(), testnetBaseParams->ChronikPort(),
	regtestBaseParams->ChronikPort()),
	ArgsManager::ALLOW_STRING \| ArgsManager::NETWORK_ONLY,
	OptionsCategory::CHRONIK);
	argsman.AddArg("-chroniktokenindex",
	"Enable token indexing in Chronik (default: 1)",
	ArgsManager::ALLOW_BOOL, OptionsCategory::CHRONIK);
	argsman.AddArg("-chroniklokadidindex",
	"Enable LOKAD ID indexing in Chronik (default: 1)",
	ArgsManager::ALLOW_BOOL, OptionsCategory::CHRONIK);
	argsman.AddArg("-chronikreindex",
	"Reindex the Chronik indexer from genesis, but leave the "
	"other indexes untouched",
	ArgsManager::ALLOW_BOOL, OptionsCategory::CHRONIK);
	argsman.AddArg(
	"-chroniktxnumcachebuckets",
	strprintf(
	"Tuning param of the TxNumCache, specifies how many buckets "
	"to use on the belt. Caution against setting this too high, "
	"it may slow down indexing. Set to 0 to disable. (default: %d)",
	chronik::DEFAULT_TX_NUM_CACHE_BUCKETS),
	ArgsManager::ALLOW_INT, OptionsCategory::CHRONIK);
	argsman.AddArg(
	"-chroniktxnumcachebucketsize",
	strprintf(
	"Tuning param of the TxNumCache, specifies the size of each bucket "
	"on the belt. Unlike the number of buckets, this may be increased "
	"without much danger of slowing the indexer down. The total cache "
	"size will be `num_buckets * bucket_size * 40B`, so by default the "
	"cache will require %dkB of memory. (default: %d)",
	chronik::DEFAULT_TX_NUM_CACHE_BUCKETS *
	chronik::DEFAULT_TX_NUM_CACHE_BUCKET_SIZE * 40 / 1000,
	chronik::DEFAULT_TX_NUM_CACHE_BUCKET_SIZE),
	ArgsManager::ALLOW_INT, OptionsCategory::CHRONIK);
	argsman.AddArg("-chronikperfstats",
	"Output some performance statistics (e.g. num cache hits, "
	"seconds spent) into a <datadir>/perf folder. (default: 0)",
	ArgsManager::ALLOW_BOOL, OptionsCategory::CHRONIK);
	argsman.AddArg(
	"-chronikscripthashindex",
	"Enable the scripthash index for the Chronik indexer (default: 0) ",
	ArgsManager::ALLOW_BOOL, OptionsCategory::CHRONIK);
	argsman.AddArg(
	"-chronikelectrumbind=<addr>[:port][:t\|s]",
	strprintf(
	"Bind the Chronik Electrum interface to the given "
	"address:port:protocol. If not set, the Electrum interface will "
	"not start. This option can be specified multiple times. The "
	"protocol is selected by a single letter, where 't' means TCP and "
	"'s' means TLS. If TLS is selected, the certificate chain and "
	"private key must both be passed (see -chronikelectrumcert and "
	"-chronikelectrumprivkey (default: disabled; default port: %u, "
	"testnet: %u, regtest: %u; default protocol: TCP)",
	defaultBaseParams->ChronikElectrumPort(),
	testnetBaseParams->ChronikElectrumPort(),
	regtestBaseParams->ChronikElectrumPort()),
	ArgsManager::ALLOW_STRING \| ArgsManager::NETWORK_ONLY,
	OptionsCategory::HIDDEN);
	argsman.AddArg(
	"-chronikelectrumcert",
	"Path to the certificate file to be used by the Chronik Electrum "
	"server when the TLS protocol is selected. The file should contain "
	"the whole certificate chain (typically a .pem file). If used the "
	"-chronikelectrumprivkey must be set as well.",
	ArgsManager::ALLOW_STRING \| ArgsManager::NETWORK_ONLY,
	OptionsCategory::HIDDEN);
	argsman.AddArg(
	"-chronikelectrumprivkey",
	"Path to the private key file to be used by the Chronik Electrum "
	"server when the TLS protocol is selected. If used the "
	"-chronikelectrumcert must be set as well.",
	ArgsManager::ALLOW_STRING \| ArgsManager::NETWORK_ONLY,
	OptionsCategory::HIDDEN);
	argsman.AddArg(
	"-chronikelectrummaxhistory",
	strprintf("Largest tx history we are willing to serve. (default: %u)",
	chronik::DEFAULT_ELECTRUM_MAX_HISTORY),
	ArgsManager::ALLOW_INT, OptionsCategory::HIDDEN);
	argsman.AddArg(
	"-chronikelectrumdonationaddress",
	strprintf(
	"The server donation address. No checks are done on the server "
	"side to ensure this is a valid eCash address, it is just relayed "
	"to clients verbatim as a text string (%u characters maximum).",
	chronik::MAX_LENGTH_DONATION_ADDRESS),
	ArgsManager::ALLOW_STRING, OptionsCategory::HIDDEN);
	#endif
	argsman.AddArg(
	"-blockfilterindex=<type>",
	strprintf("Maintain an index of compact filters by block "
	"(default: %s, values: %s).",
	DEFAULT_BLOCKFILTERINDEX, ListBlockFilterTypes()) +
	" If <type> is not supplied or if <type> = 1, indexes for "
	"all known types are enabled.",
	ArgsManager::ALLOW_ANY, OptionsCategory::OPTIONS);
	argsman.AddArg(
	"-usecashaddr",
	"Use Cash Address for destination encoding instead of base58 "
	"(activate by default on Jan, 14)",
	ArgsManager::ALLOW_ANY, OptionsCategory::OPTIONS);

	argsman.AddArg(
	"-addnode=<ip>",
	"Add a node to connect to and attempt to keep the connection "
	"open (see the `addnode` RPC command help for more info)",
	ArgsManager::ALLOW_ANY \| ArgsManager::NETWORK_ONLY,
	OptionsCategory::CONNECTION);
	argsman.AddArg("-asmap=<file>",
	strprintf("Specify asn mapping used for bucketing of the "
	"peers (default: %s). Relative paths will be "
	"prefixed by the net-specific datadir location.",
	DEFAULT_ASMAP_FILENAME),
	ArgsManager::ALLOW_ANY, OptionsCategory::CONNECTION);
	argsman.AddArg("-bantime=<n>",
	strprintf("Default duration (in seconds) of manually "
	"configured bans (default: %u)",
	DEFAULT_MISBEHAVING_BANTIME),
	ArgsManager::ALLOW_ANY, OptionsCategory::CONNECTION);
	argsman.AddArg(
	"-bind=<addr>[:<port>][=onion]",
	strprintf("Bind to given address and always listen on it (default: "
	"0.0.0.0). Use [host]:port notation for IPv6. Append =onion "
	"to tag any incoming connections to that address and port as "
	"incoming Tor connections (default: 127.0.0.1:%u=onion, "
	"testnet: 127.0.0.1:%u=onion, regtest: 127.0.0.1:%u=onion)",
	defaultBaseParams->OnionServiceTargetPort(),
	testnetBaseParams->OnionServiceTargetPort(),
	regtestBaseParams->OnionServiceTargetPort()),
	ArgsManager::ALLOW_ANY \| ArgsManager::NETWORK_ONLY,
	OptionsCategory::CONNECTION);
	argsman.AddArg(
	"-connect=<ip>",
	"Connect only to the specified node(s); -connect=0 disables automatic "
	"connections (the rules for this peer are the same as for -addnode)",
	ArgsManager::ALLOW_ANY \| ArgsManager::NETWORK_ONLY,
	OptionsCategory::CONNECTION);
	argsman.AddArg(
	"-discover",
	"Discover own IP addresses (default: 1 when listening and no "
	"-externalip or -proxy)",
	ArgsManager::ALLOW_ANY, OptionsCategory::CONNECTION);
	argsman.AddArg("-dns",
	strprintf("Allow DNS lookups for -addnode, -seednode and "
	"-connect (default: %d)",
	DEFAULT_NAME_LOOKUP),
	ArgsManager::ALLOW_ANY, OptionsCategory::CONNECTION);
	argsman.AddArg(
	"-dnsseed",
	strprintf(
	"Query for peer addresses via DNS lookup, if low on addresses "
	"(default: %u unless -connect used)",
	DEFAULT_DNSSEED),
	ArgsManager::ALLOW_BOOL, OptionsCategory::CONNECTION);
	argsman.AddArg("-externalip=<ip>", "Specify your own public address",
	ArgsManager::ALLOW_ANY, OptionsCategory::CONNECTION);
	argsman.AddArg(
	"-fixedseeds",
	strprintf(
	"Allow fixed seeds if DNS seeds don't provide peers (default: %u)",
	DEFAULT_FIXEDSEEDS),
	ArgsManager::ALLOW_BOOL, OptionsCategory::CONNECTION);
	argsman.AddArg(
	"-forcednsseed",
	strprintf(
	"Always query for peer addresses via DNS lookup (default: %d)",
	DEFAULT_FORCEDNSSEED),
	ArgsManager::ALLOW_ANY, OptionsCategory::CONNECTION);
	argsman.AddArg("-overridednsseed",
	"If set, only use the specified DNS seed when "
	"querying for peer addresses via DNS lookup.",
	ArgsManager::ALLOW_ANY, OptionsCategory::CONNECTION);
	argsman.AddArg(
	"-listen",
	"Accept connections from outside (default: 1 if no -proxy or -connect)",
	ArgsManager::ALLOW_ANY, OptionsCategory::CONNECTION);
	argsman.AddArg(
	"-listenonion",
	strprintf("Automatically create Tor onion service (default: %d)",
	DEFAULT_LISTEN_ONION),
	ArgsManager::ALLOW_ANY, OptionsCategory::CONNECTION);
	argsman.AddArg(
	"-maxconnections=<n>",
	strprintf("Maintain at most <n> connections to peers. The effective "
	"limit depends on system limitations and might be lower than "
	"the specified value (default: %u)",
	DEFAULT_MAX_PEER_CONNECTIONS),
	ArgsManager::ALLOW_ANY, OptionsCategory::CONNECTION);
	argsman.AddArg("-maxreceivebuffer=<n>",
	strprintf("Maximum per-connection receive buffer, <n>*1000 "
	"bytes (default: %u)",
	DEFAULT_MAXRECEIVEBUFFER),
	ArgsManager::ALLOW_ANY, OptionsCategory::CONNECTION);
	argsman.AddArg(
	"-maxsendbuffer=<n>",
	strprintf(
	"Maximum per-connection send buffer, <n>*1000 bytes (default: %u)",
	DEFAULT_MAXSENDBUFFER),
	ArgsManager::ALLOW_ANY, OptionsCategory::CONNECTION);
	argsman.AddArg(
	"-maxtimeadjustment",
	strprintf("Maximum allowed median peer time offset adjustment. Local "
	"perspective of time may be influenced by peers forward or "
	"backward by this amount. (default: %u seconds)",
	DEFAULT_MAX_TIME_ADJUSTMENT),
	ArgsManager::ALLOW_ANY, OptionsCategory::CONNECTION);
	argsman.AddArg("-onion=<ip:port>",
	strprintf("Use separate SOCKS5 proxy to reach peers via Tor "
	"onion services (default: %s)",
	"-proxy"),
	ArgsManager::ALLOW_ANY, OptionsCategory::CONNECTION);
	argsman.AddArg("-i2psam=<ip:port>",
	"I2P SAM proxy to reach I2P peers and accept I2P "
	"connections (default: none)",
	ArgsManager::ALLOW_ANY, OptionsCategory::CONNECTION);
	argsman.AddArg(
	"-i2pacceptincoming",
	"If set and -i2psam is also set then incoming I2P connections are "
	"accepted via the SAM proxy. If this is not set but -i2psam is set "
	"then only outgoing connections will be made to the I2P network. "
	"Ignored if -i2psam is not set. Listening for incoming I2P connections "
	"is done through the SAM proxy, not by binding to a local address and "
	"port (default: 1)",
	ArgsManager::ALLOW_BOOL, OptionsCategory::CONNECTION);

	argsman.AddArg(
	"-onlynet=<net>",
	"Make outgoing connections only through network <net> (" +
	Join(GetNetworkNames(), ", ") +
	"). Incoming connections are not affected by this option. This "
	"option can be specified multiple times to allow multiple "
	"networks. Warning: if it is used with non-onion networks "
	"and the -onion or -proxy option is set, then outbound onion "
	"connections will still be made; use -noonion or -onion=0 to "
	"disable outbound onion connections in this case",
	ArgsManager::ALLOW_ANY, OptionsCategory::CONNECTION);
	argsman.AddArg("-peerbloomfilters",
	strprintf("Support filtering of blocks and transaction with "
	"bloom filters (default: %d)",
	DEFAULT_PEERBLOOMFILTERS),
	ArgsManager::ALLOW_ANY, OptionsCategory::CONNECTION);
	argsman.AddArg(
	"-peerblockfilters",
	strprintf(
	"Serve compact block filters to peers per BIP 157 (default: %u)",
	DEFAULT_PEERBLOCKFILTERS),
	ArgsManager::ALLOW_ANY, OptionsCategory::CONNECTION);
	argsman.AddArg("-permitbaremultisig",
	strprintf("Relay non-P2SH multisig (default: %d)",
	DEFAULT_PERMIT_BAREMULTISIG),
	ArgsManager::ALLOW_ANY, OptionsCategory::CONNECTION);
	// TODO: remove the sentence "Nodes not using ... incoming connections."
	// once the changes from https://github.com/bitcoin/bitcoin/pull/23542 have
	// become widespread.
	argsman.AddArg("-port=<port>",
	strprintf("Listen for connections on <port>. Nodes not "
	"using the default ports (default: %u, "
	"testnet: %u, regtest: %u) are unlikely to get "
	"incoming connections. Not relevant for I2P (see "
	"doc/i2p.md).",
	defaultChainParams->GetDefaultPort(),
	testnetChainParams->GetDefaultPort(),
	regtestChainParams->GetDefaultPort()),
	ArgsManager::ALLOW_ANY \| ArgsManager::NETWORK_ONLY,
	OptionsCategory::CONNECTION);
	argsman.AddArg("-proxy=<ip:port>", "Connect through SOCKS5 proxy",
	ArgsManager::ALLOW_ANY, OptionsCategory::CONNECTION);
	argsman.AddArg(
	"-proxyrandomize",
	strprintf("Randomize credentials for every proxy connection. "
	"This enables Tor stream isolation (default: %d)",
	DEFAULT_PROXYRANDOMIZE),
	ArgsManager::ALLOW_ANY, OptionsCategory::CONNECTION);
	argsman.AddArg(
	"-seednode=<ip>",
	"Connect to a node to retrieve peer addresses, and disconnect",
	ArgsManager::ALLOW_ANY, OptionsCategory::CONNECTION);
	argsman.AddArg(
	"-networkactive",
	"Enable all P2P network activity (default: 1). Can be changed "
	"by the setnetworkactive RPC command",
	ArgsManager::ALLOW_BOOL, OptionsCategory::CONNECTION);
	argsman.AddArg("-timeout=<n>",
	strprintf("Specify connection timeout in milliseconds "
	"(minimum: 1, default: %d)",
	DEFAULT_CONNECT_TIMEOUT),
	ArgsManager::ALLOW_ANY, OptionsCategory::CONNECTION);
	argsman.AddArg(
	"-peertimeout=<n>",
	strprintf("Specify p2p connection timeout in seconds. This option "
	"determines the amount of time a peer may be inactive before "
	"the connection to it is dropped. (minimum: 1, default: %d)",
	DEFAULT_PEER_CONNECT_TIMEOUT),
	true, OptionsCategory::CONNECTION);
	argsman.AddArg(
	"-torcontrol=<ip>:<port>",
	strprintf(
	"Tor control port to use if onion listening enabled (default: %s)",
	DEFAULT_TOR_CONTROL),
	ArgsManager::ALLOW_ANY, OptionsCategory::CONNECTION);
	argsman.AddArg("-torpassword=<pass>",
	"Tor control port password (default: empty)",
	ArgsManager::ALLOW_ANY \| ArgsManager::SENSITIVE,
	OptionsCategory::CONNECTION);
	#ifdef USE_UPNP
	#if USE_UPNP
	argsman.AddArg("-upnp",
	"Use UPnP to map the listening port (default: 1 when "
	"listening and no -proxy)",
	ArgsManager::ALLOW_ANY, OptionsCategory::CONNECTION);
	#else
	argsman.AddArg(
	"-upnp",
	strprintf("Use UPnP to map the listening port (default: %u)", 0),
	ArgsManager::ALLOW_ANY, OptionsCategory::CONNECTION);
	#endif
	#else
	hidden_args.emplace_back("-upnp");
	#endif
	#ifdef USE_NATPMP
	argsman.AddArg(
	"-natpmp",
	strprintf("Use NAT-PMP to map the listening port (default: %s)",
	DEFAULT_NATPMP ? "1 when listening and no -proxy" : "0"),
	ArgsManager::ALLOW_BOOL, OptionsCategory::CONNECTION);
	#else
	hidden_args.emplace_back("-natpmp");
	#endif // USE_NATPMP
	argsman.AddArg(
	"-whitebind=<[permissions@]addr>",
	"Bind to the given address and add permission flags to the peers "
	"connecting to it."
	"Use [host]:port notation for IPv6. Allowed permissions: " +
	Join(NET_PERMISSIONS_DOC, ", ") +
	". "
	"Specify multiple permissions separated by commas (default: "
	"download,noban,mempool,relay). Can be specified multiple times.",
	ArgsManager::ALLOW_ANY, OptionsCategory::CONNECTION);

	argsman.AddArg("-whitelist=<[permissions@]IP address or network>",
	"Add permission flags to the peers using the given "
	"IP address (e.g. 1.2.3.4) or CIDR-notated network "
	"(e.g. 1.2.3.0/24). "
	"Uses the same permissions as -whitebind. "
	"Additional flags \"in\" and \"out\" control whether "
	"permissions apply to incoming connections and/or manual "
	"(default: incoming only). "
	"Can be specified multiple times.",
	ArgsManager::ALLOW_ANY, OptionsCategory::CONNECTION);
	argsman.AddArg(
	"-maxuploadtarget=<n>",
	strprintf("Tries to keep outbound traffic under the given target (in "
	"MiB per 24h). Limit does not apply to peers with 'download' "
	"permission. 0 = no limit (default: %d)",
	DEFAULT_MAX_UPLOAD_TARGET),
	ArgsManager::ALLOW_ANY, OptionsCategory::CONNECTION);

	g_wallet_init_interface.AddWalletOptions(argsman);

	#if ENABLE_ZMQ
	argsman.AddArg("-zmqpubhashblock=<address>",
	"Enable publish hash block in <address>",
	ArgsManager::ALLOW_ANY, OptionsCategory::ZMQ);
	argsman.AddArg("-zmqpubhashtx=<address>",
	"Enable publish hash transaction in <address>",
	ArgsManager::ALLOW_ANY, OptionsCategory::ZMQ);
	argsman.AddArg("-zmqpubrawblock=<address>",
	"Enable publish raw block in <address>",
	ArgsManager::ALLOW_ANY, OptionsCategory::ZMQ);
	argsman.AddArg("-zmqpubrawtx=<address>",
	"Enable publish raw transaction in <address>",
	ArgsManager::ALLOW_ANY, OptionsCategory::ZMQ);
	argsman.AddArg("-zmqpubsequence=<address>",
	"Enable publish hash block and tx sequence in <address>",
	ArgsManager::ALLOW_ANY, OptionsCategory::ZMQ);
	argsman.AddArg(
	"-zmqpubhashblockhwm=<n>",
	strprintf("Set publish hash block outbound message high water "
	"mark (default: %d)",
	CZMQAbstractNotifier::DEFAULT_ZMQ_SNDHWM),
	ArgsManager::ALLOW_ANY, OptionsCategory::ZMQ);
	argsman.AddArg(
	"-zmqpubhashtxhwm=<n>",
	strprintf("Set publish hash transaction outbound message high "
	"water mark (default: %d)",
	CZMQAbstractNotifier::DEFAULT_ZMQ_SNDHWM),
	false, OptionsCategory::ZMQ);
	argsman.AddArg(
	"-zmqpubrawblockhwm=<n>",
	strprintf("Set publish raw block outbound message high water "
	"mark (default: %d)",
	CZMQAbstractNotifier::DEFAULT_ZMQ_SNDHWM),
	ArgsManager::ALLOW_ANY, OptionsCategory::ZMQ);
	argsman.AddArg(
	"-zmqpubrawtxhwm=<n>",
	strprintf("Set publish raw transaction outbound message high "
	"water mark (default: %d)",
	CZMQAbstractNotifier::DEFAULT_ZMQ_SNDHWM),
	ArgsManager::ALLOW_ANY, OptionsCategory::ZMQ);
	argsman.AddArg("-zmqpubsequencehwm=<n>",
	strprintf("Set publish hash sequence message high water mark"
	" (default: %d)",
	CZMQAbstractNotifier::DEFAULT_ZMQ_SNDHWM),
	ArgsManager::ALLOW_ANY, OptionsCategory::ZMQ);
	#else
	hidden_args.emplace_back("-zmqpubhashblock=<address>");
	hidden_args.emplace_back("-zmqpubhashtx=<address>");
	hidden_args.emplace_back("-zmqpubrawblock=<address>");
	hidden_args.emplace_back("-zmqpubrawtx=<address>");
	hidden_args.emplace_back("-zmqpubsequence=<n>");
	hidden_args.emplace_back("-zmqpubhashblockhwm=<n>");
	hidden_args.emplace_back("-zmqpubhashtxhwm=<n>");
	hidden_args.emplace_back("-zmqpubrawblockhwm=<n>");
	hidden_args.emplace_back("-zmqpubrawtxhwm=<n>");
	hidden_args.emplace_back("-zmqpubsequencehwm=<n>");
	#endif

	argsman.AddArg(
	"-checkblocks=<n>",
	strprintf("How many blocks to check at startup (default: %u, 0 = all)",
	DEFAULT_CHECKBLOCKS),
	ArgsManager::ALLOW_ANY \| ArgsManager::DEBUG_ONLY,
	OptionsCategory::DEBUG_TEST);
	argsman.AddArg("-checklevel=<n>",
	strprintf("How thorough the block verification of "
	"-checkblocks is: %s (0-4, default: %u)",
	Join(CHECKLEVEL_DOC, ", "), DEFAULT_CHECKLEVEL),
	ArgsManager::ALLOW_ANY \| ArgsManager::DEBUG_ONLY,
	OptionsCategory::DEBUG_TEST);
	argsman.AddArg("-checkblockindex",
	strprintf("Do a consistency check for the block tree, "
	"chainstate, and other validation data structures "
	"occasionally. (default: %u, regtest: %u)",
	defaultChainParams->DefaultConsistencyChecks(),
	regtestChainParams->DefaultConsistencyChecks()),
	ArgsManager::ALLOW_ANY \| ArgsManager::DEBUG_ONLY,
	OptionsCategory::DEBUG_TEST);
	argsman.AddArg("-checkaddrman=<n>",
	strprintf("Run addrman consistency checks every <n> "
	"operations. Use 0 to disable. (default: %u)",
	DEFAULT_ADDRMAN_CONSISTENCY_CHECKS),
	ArgsManager::ALLOW_ANY \| ArgsManager::DEBUG_ONLY,
	OptionsCategory::DEBUG_TEST);
	argsman.AddArg(
	"-checkmempool=<n>",
	strprintf("Run mempool consistency checks every <n> transactions. Use "
	"0 to disable. (default: %u, regtest: %u)",
	defaultChainParams->DefaultConsistencyChecks(),
	regtestChainParams->DefaultConsistencyChecks()),
	ArgsManager::ALLOW_ANY \| ArgsManager::DEBUG_ONLY,
	OptionsCategory::DEBUG_TEST);
	argsman.AddArg("-checkpoints",
	strprintf("Only accept block chain matching built-in "
	"checkpoints (default: %d)",
	DEFAULT_CHECKPOINTS_ENABLED),
	ArgsManager::ALLOW_ANY \| ArgsManager::DEBUG_ONLY,
	OptionsCategory::DEBUG_TEST);
	argsman.AddArg("-deprecatedrpc=<method>",
	"Allows deprecated RPC method(s) to be used",
	ArgsManager::ALLOW_ANY \| ArgsManager::DEBUG_ONLY,
	OptionsCategory::DEBUG_TEST);
	argsman.AddArg(
	"-stopafterblockimport",
	strprintf("Stop running after importing blocks from disk (default: %d)",
	DEFAULT_STOPAFTERBLOCKIMPORT),
	ArgsManager::ALLOW_ANY \| ArgsManager::DEBUG_ONLY,
	OptionsCategory::DEBUG_TEST);
	argsman.AddArg("-stopatheight",
	strprintf("Stop running after reaching the given height in "
	"the main chain (default: %u)",
	DEFAULT_STOPATHEIGHT),
	ArgsManager::ALLOW_ANY \| ArgsManager::DEBUG_ONLY,
	OptionsCategory::DEBUG_TEST);
	argsman.AddArg("-addrmantest", "Allows to test address relay on localhost",
	ArgsManager::ALLOW_ANY \| ArgsManager::DEBUG_ONLY,
	OptionsCategory::DEBUG_TEST);
	argsman.AddArg("-capturemessages", "Capture all P2P messages to disk",
	ArgsManager::ALLOW_BOOL \| ArgsManager::DEBUG_ONLY,
	OptionsCategory::DEBUG_TEST);
	argsman.AddArg("-mocktime=<n>",
	"Replace actual time with " + UNIX_EPOCH_TIME +
	" (default: 0)",
	ArgsManager::ALLOW_ANY \| ArgsManager::DEBUG_ONLY,
	OptionsCategory::DEBUG_TEST);
	argsman.AddArg(
	"-maxsigcachesize=<n>",
	strprintf("Limit size of signature cache to <n> MiB (default: %u)",
	DEFAULT_MAX_SIG_CACHE_BYTES >> 20),
	ArgsManager::ALLOW_ANY \| ArgsManager::DEBUG_ONLY,
	OptionsCategory::DEBUG_TEST);
	argsman.AddArg(
	"-maxscriptcachesize=<n>",
	strprintf("Limit size of script cache to <n> MiB (default: %u)",
	DEFAULT_MAX_SCRIPT_CACHE_BYTES >> 20),
	ArgsManager::ALLOW_ANY \| ArgsManager::DEBUG_ONLY,
	OptionsCategory::DEBUG_TEST);
	argsman.AddArg("-maxtipage=<n>",
	strprintf("Maximum tip age in seconds to consider node in "
	"initial block download (default: %u)",
	Ticks<std::chrono::seconds>(DEFAULT_MAX_TIP_AGE)),
	ArgsManager::ALLOW_ANY \| ArgsManager::DEBUG_ONLY,
	OptionsCategory::DEBUG_TEST);

	argsman.AddArg("-uacomment=<cmt>",
	"Append comment to the user agent string",
	ArgsManager::ALLOW_ANY, OptionsCategory::DEBUG_TEST);
	argsman.AddArg("-uaclientname=<clientname>", "Set user agent client name",
	ArgsManager::ALLOW_ANY, OptionsCategory::DEBUG_TEST);
	argsman.AddArg("-uaclientversion=<clientversion>",
	"Set user agent client version", ArgsManager::ALLOW_ANY,
	OptionsCategory::DEBUG_TEST);

	SetupChainParamsBaseOptions(argsman);

	argsman.AddArg(
	"-acceptnonstdtxn",
	strprintf(
	"Relay and mine \"non-standard\" transactions (%sdefault: %u)",
	"testnet/regtest only; ", defaultChainParams->RequireStandard()),
	ArgsManager::ALLOW_ANY \| ArgsManager::DEBUG_ONLY,
	OptionsCategory::NODE_RELAY);
	argsman.AddArg("-excessiveblocksize=<n>",
	strprintf("Do not accept blocks larger than this limit, in "
	"bytes (default: %d)",
	DEFAULT_MAX_BLOCK_SIZE),
	ArgsManager::ALLOW_ANY \| ArgsManager::DEBUG_ONLY,
	OptionsCategory::NODE_RELAY);
	const auto &ticker = Currency::get().ticker;
	argsman.AddArg(
	"-dustrelayfee=<amt>",
	strprintf("Fee rate (in %s/kB) used to define dust, the value of an "
	"output such that it will cost about 1/3 of its value in "
	"fees at this fee rate to spend it. (default: %s)",
	ticker, FormatMoney(DUST_RELAY_TX_FEE)),
	ArgsManager::ALLOW_ANY \| ArgsManager::DEBUG_ONLY,
	OptionsCategory::NODE_RELAY);

	argsman.AddArg(
	"-bytespersigcheck",
	strprintf("Equivalent bytes per sigCheck in transactions for relay and "
	"mining (default: %u).",
	DEFAULT_BYTES_PER_SIGCHECK),
	ArgsManager::ALLOW_ANY, OptionsCategory::NODE_RELAY);
	argsman.AddArg(
	"-bytespersigop",
	strprintf("DEPRECATED: Equivalent bytes per sigCheck in transactions "
	"for relay and mining (default: %u). This has been "
	"deprecated since v0.26.8 and will be removed in the future, "
	"please use -bytespersigcheck instead.",
	DEFAULT_BYTES_PER_SIGCHECK),
	ArgsManager::ALLOW_ANY, OptionsCategory::NODE_RELAY);
	argsman.AddArg(
	"-datacarrier",
	strprintf("Relay and mine data carrier transactions (default: %d)",
	DEFAULT_ACCEPT_DATACARRIER),
	ArgsManager::ALLOW_ANY, OptionsCategory::NODE_RELAY);
	argsman.AddArg(
	"-datacarriersize",
	strprintf("Maximum size of data in data carrier transactions "
	"we relay and mine (default: %u)",
	MAX_OP_RETURN_RELAY),
	ArgsManager::ALLOW_ANY, OptionsCategory::NODE_RELAY);
	argsman.AddArg(
	"-minrelaytxfee=<amt>",
	strprintf("Fees (in %s/kB) smaller than this are rejected for "
	"relaying, mining and transaction creation (default: %s)",
	ticker, FormatMoney(DEFAULT_MIN_RELAY_TX_FEE_PER_KB)),
	ArgsManager::ALLOW_ANY, OptionsCategory::NODE_RELAY);
	argsman.AddArg(
	"-whitelistrelay",
	strprintf("Add 'relay' permission to whitelisted peers "
	"with default permissions. This will accept relayed "
	"transactions even when not relaying transactions "
	"(default: %d)",
	DEFAULT_WHITELISTRELAY),
	ArgsManager::ALLOW_ANY, OptionsCategory::NODE_RELAY);
	argsman.AddArg(
	"-whitelistforcerelay",
	strprintf("Add 'forcerelay' permission to whitelisted peers "
	"with default permissions. This will relay transactions "
	"even if the transactions were already in the mempool "
	"(default: %d)",
	DEFAULT_WHITELISTFORCERELAY),
	ArgsManager::ALLOW_ANY, OptionsCategory::NODE_RELAY);

	argsman.AddArg("-blockmaxsize=<n>",
	strprintf("Set maximum block size in bytes (default: %d)",
	DEFAULT_MAX_GENERATED_BLOCK_SIZE),
	ArgsManager::ALLOW_ANY, OptionsCategory::BLOCK_CREATION);
	argsman.AddArg(
	"-blockmintxfee=<amt>",
	strprintf("Set lowest fee rate (in %s/kB) for transactions to "
	"be included in block creation. (default: %s)",
	ticker, FormatMoney(DEFAULT_BLOCK_MIN_TX_FEE_PER_KB)),
	ArgsManager::ALLOW_ANY, OptionsCategory::BLOCK_CREATION);
	argsman.AddArg("-simplegbt",
	"Use a simplified getblocktemplate output (default: 0)",
	ArgsManager::ALLOW_BOOL, OptionsCategory::BLOCK_CREATION);

	argsman.AddArg("-blockversion=<n>",
	"Override block version to test forking scenarios",
	ArgsManager::ALLOW_ANY \| ArgsManager::DEBUG_ONLY,
	OptionsCategory::BLOCK_CREATION);

	argsman.AddArg("-server", "Accept command line and JSON-RPC commands",
	ArgsManager::ALLOW_ANY, OptionsCategory::RPC);
	argsman.AddArg("-rest",
	strprintf("Accept public REST requests (default: %d)",
	DEFAULT_REST_ENABLE),
	ArgsManager::ALLOW_ANY, OptionsCategory::RPC);
	argsman.AddArg(
	"-rpcbind=<addr>[:port]",
	"Bind to given address to listen for JSON-RPC connections. Do not "
	"expose the RPC server to untrusted networks such as the public "
	"internet! This option is ignored unless -rpcallowip is also passed. "
	"Port is optional and overrides -rpcport. Use [host]:port notation "
	"for IPv6. This option can be specified multiple times (default: "
	"127.0.0.1 and ::1 i.e., localhost)",
	ArgsManager::ALLOW_ANY \| ArgsManager::NETWORK_ONLY \|
	ArgsManager::SENSITIVE,
	OptionsCategory::RPC);
	argsman.AddArg(
	"-rpcdoccheck",
	strprintf("Throw a non-fatal error at runtime if the documentation for "
	"an RPC is incorrect (default: %u)",
	DEFAULT_RPC_DOC_CHECK),
	ArgsManager::ALLOW_ANY \| ArgsManager::DEBUG_ONLY, OptionsCategory::RPC);
	argsman.AddArg(
	"-rpccookiefile=<loc>",
	"Location of the auth cookie. Relative paths will be prefixed "
	"by a net-specific datadir location. (default: data dir)",
	ArgsManager::ALLOW_ANY, OptionsCategory::RPC);
	argsman.AddArg("-rpcuser=<user>", "Username for JSON-RPC connections",
	ArgsManager::ALLOW_ANY \| ArgsManager::SENSITIVE,
	OptionsCategory::RPC);
	argsman.AddArg("-rpcpassword=<pw>", "Password for JSON-RPC connections",
	ArgsManager::ALLOW_ANY \| ArgsManager::SENSITIVE,
	OptionsCategory::RPC);
	argsman.AddArg(
	"-rpcwhitelist=<whitelist>",
	"Set a whitelist to filter incoming RPC calls for a specific user. The "
	"field <whitelist> comes in the format: <USERNAME>:<rpc 1>,<rpc "
	"2>,...,<rpc n>. If multiple whitelists are set for a given user, they "
	"are set-intersected. See -rpcwhitelistdefault documentation for "
	"information on default whitelist behavior.",
	ArgsManager::ALLOW_ANY, OptionsCategory::RPC);
	argsman.AddArg(
	"-rpcwhitelistdefault",
	"Sets default behavior for rpc whitelisting. Unless "
	"rpcwhitelistdefault is set to 0, if any -rpcwhitelist is set, the rpc "
	"server acts as if all rpc users are subject to "
	"empty-unless-otherwise-specified whitelists. If rpcwhitelistdefault "
	"is set to 1 and no -rpcwhitelist is set, rpc server acts as if all "
	"rpc users are subject to empty whitelists.",
	ArgsManager::ALLOW_BOOL, OptionsCategory::RPC);
	argsman.AddArg(
	"-rpcauth=<userpw>",
	"Username and HMAC-SHA-256 hashed password for JSON-RPC connections. "
	"The field <userpw> comes in the format: <USERNAME>:<SALT>$<HASH>. A "
	"canonical python script is included in share/rpcauth. The client then "
	"connects normally using the rpcuser=<USERNAME>/rpcpassword=<PASSWORD> "
	"pair of arguments. This option can be specified multiple times",
	ArgsManager::ALLOW_ANY \| ArgsManager::SENSITIVE, OptionsCategory::RPC);
	argsman.AddArg("-rpcport=<port>",
	strprintf("Listen for JSON-RPC connections on <port> "
	"(default: %u, testnet: %u, regtest: %u)",
	defaultBaseParams->RPCPort(),
	testnetBaseParams->RPCPort(),
	regtestBaseParams->RPCPort()),
	ArgsManager::ALLOW_ANY \| ArgsManager::NETWORK_ONLY,
	OptionsCategory::RPC);
	argsman.AddArg(
	"-rpcallowip=<ip>",
	"Allow JSON-RPC connections from specified source. Valid for "
	"<ip> are a single IP (e.g. 1.2.3.4), a network/netmask (e.g. "
	"1.2.3.4/255.255.255.0) or a network/CIDR (e.g. 1.2.3.4/24). "
	"This option can be specified multiple times",
	ArgsManager::ALLOW_ANY, OptionsCategory::RPC);
	argsman.AddArg(
	"-rpcthreads=<n>",
	strprintf(
	"Set the number of threads to service RPC calls (default: %d)",
	DEFAULT_HTTP_THREADS),
	ArgsManager::ALLOW_ANY, OptionsCategory::RPC);
	argsman.AddArg(
	"-rpccorsdomain=value",
	"Domain from which to accept cross origin requests (browser enforced)",
	ArgsManager::ALLOW_ANY, OptionsCategory::RPC);

	argsman.AddArg("-rpcworkqueue=<n>",
	strprintf("Set the depth of the work queue to service RPC "
	"calls (default: %d)",
	DEFAULT_HTTP_WORKQUEUE),
	ArgsManager::ALLOW_ANY \| ArgsManager::DEBUG_ONLY,
	OptionsCategory::RPC);
	argsman.AddArg("-rpcservertimeout=<n>",
	strprintf("Timeout during HTTP requests (default: %d)",
	DEFAULT_HTTP_SERVER_TIMEOUT),
	ArgsManager::ALLOW_ANY \| ArgsManager::DEBUG_ONLY,
	OptionsCategory::RPC);

	#if HAVE_DECL_FORK
	argsman.AddArg("-daemon",
	strprintf("Run in the background as a daemon and accept "
	"commands (default: %d)",
	DEFAULT_DAEMON),
	ArgsManager::ALLOW_BOOL, OptionsCategory::OPTIONS);
	argsman.AddArg("-daemonwait",
	strprintf("Wait for initialization to be finished before "
	"exiting. This implies -daemon (default: %d)",
	DEFAULT_DAEMONWAIT),
	ArgsManager::ALLOW_BOOL, OptionsCategory::OPTIONS);
	#else
	hidden_args.emplace_back("-daemon");
	hidden_args.emplace_back("-daemonwait");
	#endif

	// Avalanche options.
	argsman.AddArg("-avalanche",
	strprintf("Enable the avalanche feature (default: %u)",
	AVALANCHE_DEFAULT_ENABLED),
	ArgsManager::ALLOW_ANY, OptionsCategory::AVALANCHE);
	argsman.AddArg(
	"-avalanchestakingrewards",
	strprintf("Enable the avalanche staking rewards feature (default: %u, "
	"testnet: %u, regtest: %u)",
	defaultChainParams->GetConsensus().enableStakingRewards,
	testnetChainParams->GetConsensus().enableStakingRewards,
	regtestChainParams->GetConsensus().enableStakingRewards),
	ArgsManager::ALLOW_BOOL, OptionsCategory::AVALANCHE);
	argsman.AddArg("-avalancheconflictingproofcooldown",
	strprintf("Mandatory cooldown before a proof conflicting "
	"with an already registered one can be considered "
	"in seconds (default: %u)",
	AVALANCHE_DEFAULT_CONFLICTING_PROOF_COOLDOWN),
	ArgsManager::ALLOW_INT, OptionsCategory::AVALANCHE);
	argsman.AddArg("-avalanchepeerreplacementcooldown",
	strprintf("Mandatory cooldown before a peer can be replaced "
	"in seconds (default: %u)",
	AVALANCHE_DEFAULT_PEER_REPLACEMENT_COOLDOWN),
	ArgsManager::ALLOW_INT, OptionsCategory::AVALANCHE);
	argsman.AddArg(
	"-avaminquorumstake",
	strprintf(
	"Minimum amount of known stake for a usable quorum (default: %s)",
	FormatMoney(AVALANCHE_DEFAULT_MIN_QUORUM_STAKE)),
	ArgsManager::ALLOW_ANY, OptionsCategory::AVALANCHE);
	argsman.AddArg(
	"-avaminquorumconnectedstakeratio",
	strprintf("Minimum proportion of known stake we"
	" need nodes for to have a usable quorum (default: %s). "
	"This parameter is parsed with a maximum precision of "
	"0.000001.",
	AVALANCHE_DEFAULT_MIN_QUORUM_CONNECTED_STAKE_RATIO),
	ArgsManager::ALLOW_STRING, OptionsCategory::AVALANCHE);
	argsman.AddArg(
	"-avaminavaproofsnodecount",
	strprintf("Minimum number of node that needs to send us an avaproofs"
	" message before we consider we have a usable quorum"
	" (default: %s)",
	AVALANCHE_DEFAULT_MIN_AVAPROOFS_NODE_COUNT),
	ArgsManager::ALLOW_INT, OptionsCategory::AVALANCHE);
	argsman.AddArg(
	"-avastalevotethreshold",
	strprintf("Number of avalanche votes before a voted item goes stale "
	"when voting confidence is low (default: %u)",
	AVALANCHE_VOTE_STALE_THRESHOLD),
	ArgsManager::ALLOW_INT, OptionsCategory::AVALANCHE);
	argsman.AddArg(
	"-avastalevotefactor",
	strprintf(
	"Factor affecting the number of avalanche votes before a voted "
	"item goes stale when voting confidence is high (default: %u)",
	AVALANCHE_VOTE_STALE_FACTOR),
	ArgsManager::ALLOW_INT, OptionsCategory::AVALANCHE);
	argsman.AddArg("-avacooldown",
	strprintf("Mandatory cooldown between two avapoll in "
	"milliseconds (default: %u)",
	AVALANCHE_DEFAULT_COOLDOWN),
	ArgsManager::ALLOW_ANY, OptionsCategory::AVALANCHE);
	argsman.AddArg(
	"-avatimeout",
	strprintf("Avalanche query timeout in milliseconds (default: %u)",
	AVALANCHE_DEFAULT_QUERY_TIMEOUT.count()),
	ArgsManager::ALLOW_ANY, OptionsCategory::AVALANCHE);
	argsman.AddArg(
	"-avadelegation",
	"Avalanche proof delegation to the master key used by this node "
	"(default: none). Should be used in conjunction with -avaproof and "
	"-avamasterkey",
	ArgsManager::ALLOW_ANY, OptionsCategory::AVALANCHE);
	argsman.AddArg("-avaproof",
	"Avalanche proof to be used by this node (default: none)",
	ArgsManager::ALLOW_ANY, OptionsCategory::AVALANCHE);
	argsman.AddArg(
	"-avaproofstakeutxoconfirmations",
	strprintf(
	"Minimum number of confirmations before a stake utxo is mature"
	" enough to be included into a proof. Utxos in the mempool are not "
	"accepted (i.e this value must be greater than 0) (default: %s)",
	AVALANCHE_DEFAULT_STAKE_UTXO_CONFIRMATIONS),
	ArgsManager::ALLOW_INT, OptionsCategory::HIDDEN);
	argsman.AddArg("-avaproofstakeutxodustthreshold",
	strprintf("Minimum value each stake utxo must have to be "
	"considered valid (default: %s)",
	avalanche::PROOF_DUST_THRESHOLD),
	ArgsManager::ALLOW_ANY, OptionsCategory::HIDDEN);
	argsman.AddArg("-avamasterkey",
	"Master key associated with the proof. If a proof is "
	"required, this is mandatory.",
	ArgsManager::ALLOW_ANY \| ArgsManager::SENSITIVE,
	OptionsCategory::AVALANCHE);
	argsman.AddArg("-avasessionkey", "Avalanche session key (default: random)",
	ArgsManager::ALLOW_ANY \| ArgsManager::SENSITIVE,
	OptionsCategory::HIDDEN);
	argsman.AddArg("-enablertt",
	strprintf("Whether to enforce Real Time Targeting via "
	"Avalanche, default (%u)",
	DEFAULT_ENABLE_RTT),
	ArgsManager::ALLOW_BOOL, OptionsCategory::AVALANCHE);
	argsman.AddArg(
	"-maxavalancheoutbound",
	strprintf(
	"Set the maximum number of avalanche outbound peers to connect to. "
	"Note that this option takes precedence over the -maxconnections "
	"option (default: %u).",
	DEFAULT_MAX_AVALANCHE_OUTBOUND_CONNECTIONS),
	ArgsManager::ALLOW_INT, OptionsCategory::AVALANCHE);
	argsman.AddArg(
	"-persistavapeers",
	strprintf("Whether to save the avalanche peers upon shutdown and load "
	"them upon startup (default: %u).",
	DEFAULT_PERSIST_AVAPEERS),
	ArgsManager::ALLOW_BOOL, OptionsCategory::AVALANCHE);

	hidden_args.emplace_back("-avalanchepreconsensus");
	hidden_args.emplace_back("-avalanchestakingpreconsensus");

	// Add the hidden options
	argsman.AddHiddenArgs(hidden_args);
	}

	static bool fHaveGenesis = false;
	static GlobalMutex g_genesis_wait_mutex;
	static std::condition_variable g_genesis_wait_cv;

	static void BlockNotifyGenesisWait(const CBlockIndex *pBlockIndex) {
	if (pBlockIndex != nullptr) {
	{
	LOCK(g_genesis_wait_mutex);
	fHaveGenesis = true;
	}
	g_genesis_wait_cv.notify_all();
	}
	}

	#if HAVE_SYSTEM
	static void StartupNotify(const ArgsManager &args) {
	std::string cmd = args.GetArg("-startupnotify", "");
	if (!cmd.empty()) {
	std::thread t(runCommand, cmd);
	// thread runs free
	t.detach();
	}
	}
	#endif

	static bool AppInitServers(Config &config,
	HTTPRPCRequestProcessor &httpRPCRequestProcessor,
	NodeContext &node) {
	const ArgsManager &args = *Assert(node.args);
	RPCServerSignals::OnStarted(&OnRPCStarted);
	RPCServerSignals::OnStopped(&OnRPCStopped);
	if (!InitHTTPServer(config)) {
	return false;
	}

	StartRPC();
	node.rpc_interruption_point = RpcInterruptionPoint;

	if (!StartHTTPRPC(httpRPCRequestProcessor)) {
	return false;
	}
	if (args.GetBoolArg("-rest", DEFAULT_REST_ENABLE)) {
	StartREST(&node);
	}

	StartHTTPServer();
	return true;
	}

	// Parameter interaction based on rules
	void InitParameterInteraction(ArgsManager &args) {
	// when specifying an explicit binding address, you want to listen on it
	// even when -connect or -proxy is specified.
	if (args.IsArgSet("-bind")) {
	if (args.SoftSetBoolArg("-listen", true)) {
	LogPrintf(
	"%s: parameter interaction: -bind set -> setting -listen=1\n",
	__func__);
	}
	}
	if (args.IsArgSet("-whitebind")) {
	if (args.SoftSetBoolArg("-listen", true)) {
	LogPrintf("%s: parameter interaction: -whitebind set -> setting "
	"-listen=1\n",
	__func__);
	}
	}

	if (args.IsArgSet("-connect")) {
	// when only connecting to trusted nodes, do not seed via DNS, or listen
	// by default.
	if (args.SoftSetBoolArg("-dnsseed", false)) {
	LogPrintf("%s: parameter interaction: -connect set -> setting "
	"-dnsseed=0\n",
	__func__);
	}
	if (args.SoftSetBoolArg("-listen", false)) {
	LogPrintf("%s: parameter interaction: -connect set -> setting "
	"-listen=0\n",
	__func__);
	}
	}

	if (args.IsArgSet("-proxy")) {
	// to protect privacy, do not listen by default if a default proxy
	// server is specified.
	if (args.SoftSetBoolArg("-listen", false)) {
	LogPrintf(
	"%s: parameter interaction: -proxy set -> setting -listen=0\n",
	__func__);
	}
	// to protect privacy, do not map ports when a proxy is set. The user
	// may still specify -listen=1 to listen locally, so don't rely on this
	// happening through -listen below.
	if (args.SoftSetBoolArg("-upnp", false)) {
	LogPrintf(
	"%s: parameter interaction: -proxy set -> setting -upnp=0\n",
	__func__);
	}
	if (args.SoftSetBoolArg("-natpmp", false)) {
	LogPrintf(
	"%s: parameter interaction: -proxy set -> setting -natpmp=0\n",
	__func__);
	}
	// to protect privacy, do not discover addresses by default
	if (args.SoftSetBoolArg("-discover", false)) {
	LogPrintf("%s: parameter interaction: -proxy set -> setting "
	"-discover=0\n",
	__func__);
	}
	}

	if (!args.GetBoolArg("-listen", DEFAULT_LISTEN)) {
	// do not map ports or try to retrieve public IP when not listening
	// (pointless)
	if (args.SoftSetBoolArg("-upnp", false)) {
	LogPrintf(
	"%s: parameter interaction: -listen=0 -> setting -upnp=0\n",
	__func__);
	}
	if (args.SoftSetBoolArg("-natpmp", false)) {
	LogPrintf(
	"%s: parameter interaction: -listen=0 -> setting -natpmp=0\n",
	__func__);
	}
	if (args.SoftSetBoolArg("-discover", false)) {
	LogPrintf(
	"%s: parameter interaction: -listen=0 -> setting -discover=0\n",
	__func__);
	}
	if (args.SoftSetBoolArg("-listenonion", false)) {
	LogPrintf("%s: parameter interaction: -listen=0 -> setting "
	"-listenonion=0\n",
	__func__);
	}
	if (args.SoftSetBoolArg("-i2pacceptincoming", false)) {
	LogPrintf("%s: parameter interaction: -listen=0 -> setting "
	"-i2pacceptincoming=0\n",
	__func__);
	}
	}

	if (args.IsArgSet("-externalip")) {
	// if an explicit public IP is specified, do not try to find others
	if (args.SoftSetBoolArg("-discover", false)) {
	LogPrintf("%s: parameter interaction: -externalip set -> setting "
	"-discover=0\n",
	__func__);
	}
	}

	// disable whitelistrelay in blocksonly mode
	if (args.GetBoolArg("-blocksonly", DEFAULT_BLOCKSONLY)) {
	if (args.SoftSetBoolArg("-whitelistrelay", false)) {
	LogPrintf("%s: parameter interaction: -blocksonly=1 -> setting "
	"-whitelistrelay=0\n",
	__func__);
	}
	}

	// Forcing relay from whitelisted hosts implies we will accept relays from
	// them in the first place.
	if (args.GetBoolArg("-whitelistforcerelay", DEFAULT_WHITELISTFORCERELAY)) {
	if (args.SoftSetBoolArg("-whitelistrelay", true)) {
	LogPrintf("%s: parameter interaction: -whitelistforcerelay=1 -> "
	"setting -whitelistrelay=1\n",
	__func__);
	}
	}

	// If avalanche is set, soft set all the feature flags accordingly.
	if (args.IsArgSet("-avalanche")) {
	const bool fAvalanche =
	args.GetBoolArg("-avalanche", AVALANCHE_DEFAULT_ENABLED);
	args.SoftSetBoolArg("-automaticunparking", !fAvalanche);
	}
	}

	/**
	* Initialize global loggers.
	*
	* Note that this is called very early in the process lifetime, so you should be
	* careful about what global state you rely on here.
	*/
	void InitLogging(const ArgsManager &args) {
	init::SetLoggingOptions(args);
	init::LogPackageVersion();
	}

	namespace { // Variables internal to initialization process only

	int nMaxConnections;
	int nUserMaxConnections;
	int nFD;
	ServiceFlags nLocalServices = ServiceFlags(NODE_NETWORK \| NODE_NETWORK_LIMITED);
	int64_t peer_connect_timeout;
	std::set<BlockFilterType> g_enabled_filter_types;

	} // namespace

	[[noreturn]] static void new_handler_terminate() {
	// Rather than throwing std::bad-alloc if allocation fails, terminate
	// immediately to (try to) avoid chain corruption. Since LogPrintf may
	// itself allocate memory, set the handler directly to terminate first.
	std::set_new_handler(std::terminate);
	LogPrintf("Error: Out of memory. Terminating.\n");

	// The log was successful, terminate now.
	std::terminate();
	};

	bool AppInitBasicSetup(const ArgsManager &args) {
	// Step 1: setup
	#ifdef _MSC_VER
	// Turn off Microsoft heap dump noise
	_CrtSetReportMode(_CRT_WARN, _CRTDBG_MODE_FILE);
	_CrtSetReportFile(_CRT_WARN, CreateFileA("NUL", GENERIC_WRITE, 0, nullptr,
	OPEN_EXISTING, 0, 0));
	// Disable confusing "helpful" text message on abort, Ctrl-C
	_set_abort_behavior(0, _WRITE_ABORT_MSG \| _CALL_REPORTFAULT);
	#endif
	#ifdef WIN32
	// Enable Data Execution Prevention (DEP)
	SetProcessDEPPolicy(PROCESS_DEP_ENABLE);
	#endif
	if (!InitShutdownState()) {
	return InitError(
	Untranslated("Initializing wait-for-shutdown state failed."));
	}

	if (!SetupNetworking()) {
	return InitError(Untranslated("Initializing networking failed"));
	}

	#ifndef WIN32
	if (!args.GetBoolArg("-sysperms", false)) {
	umask(077);
	}

	// Clean shutdown on SIGTERM
	registerSignalHandler(SIGTERM, HandleSIGTERM);
	registerSignalHandler(SIGINT, HandleSIGTERM);

	// Reopen debug.log on SIGHUP
	registerSignalHandler(SIGHUP, HandleSIGHUP);

	// Ignore SIGPIPE, otherwise it will bring the daemon down if the client
	// closes unexpectedly
	signal(SIGPIPE, SIG_IGN);
	#else
	SetConsoleCtrlHandler(consoleCtrlHandler, true);
	#endif

	std::set_new_handler(new_handler_terminate);

	return true;
	}

	bool AppInitParameterInteraction(Config &config, const ArgsManager &args) {
	const CChainParams &chainparams = config.GetChainParams();
	// Step 2: parameter interactions

	// also see: InitParameterInteraction()

	// Error if network-specific options (-addnode, -connect, etc) are
	// specified in default section of config file, but not overridden
	// on the command line or in this network's section of the config file.
	std::string network = args.GetChainName();
	bilingual_str errors;
	for (const auto &arg : args.GetUnsuitableSectionOnlyArgs()) {
	errors += strprintf(_("Config setting for %s only applied on %s "
	"network when in [%s] section.") +
	Untranslated("\n"),
	arg, network, network);
	}

	if (!errors.empty()) {
	return InitError(errors);
	}

	// Warn if unrecognized section name are present in the config file.
	bilingual_str warnings;
	for (const auto &section : args.GetUnrecognizedSections()) {
	warnings += strprintf(Untranslated("%s:%i ") +
	_("Section [%s] is not recognized.") +
	Untranslated("\n"),
	section.m_file, section.m_line, section.m_name);
	}

	if (!warnings.empty()) {
	InitWarning(warnings);
	}

	if (!fs::is_directory(args.GetBlocksDirPath())) {
	return InitError(
	strprintf(_("Specified blocks directory \"%s\" does not exist."),
	args.GetArg("-blocksdir", "")));
	}

	// parse and validate enabled filter types
	std::string blockfilterindex_value =
	args.GetArg("-blockfilterindex", DEFAULT_BLOCKFILTERINDEX);
	if (blockfilterindex_value == "" \|\| blockfilterindex_value == "1") {
	g_enabled_filter_types = AllBlockFilterTypes();
	} else if (blockfilterindex_value != "0") {
	const std::vector<std::string> names =
	args.GetArgs("-blockfilterindex");
	for (const auto &name : names) {
	BlockFilterType filter_type;
	if (!BlockFilterTypeByName(name, filter_type)) {
	return InitError(
	strprintf(_("Unknown -blockfilterindex value %s."), name));
	}
	g_enabled_filter_types.insert(filter_type);
	}
	}

	// Signal NODE_COMPACT_FILTERS if peerblockfilters and basic filters index
	// are both enabled.
	if (args.GetBoolArg("-peerblockfilters", DEFAULT_PEERBLOCKFILTERS)) {
	if (g_enabled_filter_types.count(BlockFilterType::BASIC) != 1) {
	return InitError(
	_("Cannot set -peerblockfilters without -blockfilterindex."));
	}

	nLocalServices = ServiceFlags(nLocalServices \| NODE_COMPACT_FILTERS);
	}

	if (args.GetIntArg("-prune", 0)) {
	if (args.GetBoolArg("-txindex", DEFAULT_TXINDEX)) {
	return InitError(_("Prune mode is incompatible with -txindex."));
	}
	if (args.GetBoolArg("-reindex-chainstate", false)) {
	return InitError(
	_("Prune mode is incompatible with -reindex-chainstate. Use "
	"full -reindex instead."));
	}
	if (args.GetBoolArg("-chronik", DEFAULT_CHRONIK)) {
	return InitError(_("Prune mode is incompatible with -chronik."));
	}
	}

	// -bind and -whitebind can't be set when not listening
	size_t nUserBind =
	args.GetArgs("-bind").size() + args.GetArgs("-whitebind").size();
	if (nUserBind != 0 && !args.GetBoolArg("-listen", DEFAULT_LISTEN)) {
	return InitError(Untranslated(
	"Cannot set -bind or -whitebind together with -listen=0"));
	}

	// Make sure enough file descriptors are available
	int nBind = std::max(nUserBind, size_t(1));
	nUserMaxConnections =
	args.GetIntArg("-maxconnections", DEFAULT_MAX_PEER_CONNECTIONS);
	nMaxConnections = std::max(nUserMaxConnections, 0);

	// -maxavalancheoutbound takes precedence over -maxconnections
	const int maxAvalancheOutbound = args.GetIntArg(
	"-maxavalancheoutbound", DEFAULT_MAX_AVALANCHE_OUTBOUND_CONNECTIONS);
	const bool fAvalanche =
	args.GetBoolArg("-avalanche", AVALANCHE_DEFAULT_ENABLED);
	if (fAvalanche && maxAvalancheOutbound > nMaxConnections) {
	nMaxConnections = std::max(maxAvalancheOutbound, nMaxConnections);
	// Indicate the value set by the user
	LogPrintf("Increasing -maxconnections from %d to %d to comply with "
	"-maxavalancheoutbound\n",
	nUserMaxConnections, nMaxConnections);
	}

	// Trim requested connection counts, to fit into system limitations
	// <int> in std::min<int>(...) to work around FreeBSD compilation issue
	// described in #2695
	nFD = RaiseFileDescriptorLimit(
	nMaxConnections + nBind + MIN_CORE_FILEDESCRIPTORS +
	MAX_ADDNODE_CONNECTIONS + NUM_FDS_MESSAGE_CAPTURE);
	#ifdef USE_POLL
	int fd_max = nFD;
	#else
	int fd_max = FD_SETSIZE;
	#endif
	nMaxConnections = std::max(
	std::min<int>(nMaxConnections,
	fd_max - nBind - MIN_CORE_FILEDESCRIPTORS -
	MAX_ADDNODE_CONNECTIONS - NUM_FDS_MESSAGE_CAPTURE),
	0);
	if (nFD < MIN_CORE_FILEDESCRIPTORS) {
	return InitError(_("Not enough file descriptors available."));
	}
	nMaxConnections =
	std::min(nFD - MIN_CORE_FILEDESCRIPTORS - MAX_ADDNODE_CONNECTIONS,
	nMaxConnections);

	if (nMaxConnections < nUserMaxConnections) {
	// Not categorizing as "Warning" because this is the normal behavior for
	// platforms using the select() interface for which FD_SETSIZE is
	// usually 1024.
	LogPrintf("Reducing -maxconnections from %d to %d, because of system "
	"limitations.\n",
	nUserMaxConnections, nMaxConnections);
	}

	// Step 3: parameter-to-internal-flags
	init::SetLoggingCategories(args);

	// Configure excessive block size.
	const int64_t nProposedExcessiveBlockSize =
	args.GetIntArg("-excessiveblocksize", DEFAULT_MAX_BLOCK_SIZE);
	if (nProposedExcessiveBlockSize <= 0 \|\|
	!config.SetMaxBlockSize(nProposedExcessiveBlockSize)) {
	return InitError(
	_("Excessive block size must be > 1,000,000 bytes (1MB)"));
	}

	// Check blockmaxsize does not exceed maximum accepted block size.
	const int64_t nProposedMaxGeneratedBlockSize =
	args.GetIntArg("-blockmaxsize", DEFAULT_MAX_GENERATED_BLOCK_SIZE);
	if (nProposedMaxGeneratedBlockSize <= 0) {
	return InitError(_("Max generated block size must be greater than 0"));
	}
	if (uint64_t(nProposedMaxGeneratedBlockSize) > config.GetMaxBlockSize()) {
	return InitError(_("Max generated block size (blockmaxsize) cannot "
	"exceed the excessive block size "
	"(excessiveblocksize)"));
	}

	nConnectTimeout = args.GetIntArg("-timeout", DEFAULT_CONNECT_TIMEOUT);
	if (nConnectTimeout <= 0) {
	nConnectTimeout = DEFAULT_CONNECT_TIMEOUT;
	}

	peer_connect_timeout =
	args.GetIntArg("-peertimeout", DEFAULT_PEER_CONNECT_TIMEOUT);
	if (peer_connect_timeout <= 0) {
	return InitError(Untranslated(
	"peertimeout cannot be configured with a negative value."));
	}

	// Sanity check argument for min fee for including tx in block
	// TODO: Harmonize which arguments need sanity checking and where that
	// happens.
	if (args.IsArgSet("-blockmintxfee")) {
	Amount n = Amount::zero();
	if (!ParseMoney(args.GetArg("-blockmintxfee", ""), n)) {
	return InitError(AmountErrMsg("blockmintxfee",
	args.GetArg("-blockmintxfee", "")));
	}
	}

	nBytesPerSigCheck =
	args.IsArgSet("-bytespersigcheck")
	? args.GetIntArg("-bytespersigcheck", nBytesPerSigCheck)
	: args.GetIntArg("-bytespersigop", nBytesPerSigCheck);

	if (!g_wallet_init_interface.ParameterInteraction()) {
	return false;
	}

	// Option to startup with mocktime set (used for regression testing):
	SetMockTime(args.GetIntArg("-mocktime", 0)); // SetMockTime(0) is a no-op

	if (args.GetBoolArg("-peerbloomfilters", DEFAULT_PEERBLOOMFILTERS)) {
	nLocalServices = ServiceFlags(nLocalServices \| NODE_BLOOM);
	}

	if (args.IsArgSet("-proxy") && args.GetArg("-proxy", "").empty()) {
	return InitError(_(
	"No proxy server specified. Use -proxy=<ip> or -proxy=<ip:port>."));
	}

	// Avalanche parameters
	const int64_t stakeUtxoMinConfirmations =
	args.GetIntArg("-avaproofstakeutxoconfirmations",
	AVALANCHE_DEFAULT_STAKE_UTXO_CONFIRMATIONS);

	if (!chainparams.IsTestChain() &&
	stakeUtxoMinConfirmations !=
	AVALANCHE_DEFAULT_STAKE_UTXO_CONFIRMATIONS) {
	return InitError(_("Avalanche stake UTXO minimum confirmations can "
	"only be set on test chains."));
	}

	if (stakeUtxoMinConfirmations <= 0) {
	return InitError(_("Avalanche stake UTXO minimum confirmations must be "
	"a positive integer."));
	}

	if (args.IsArgSet("-avaproofstakeutxodustthreshold")) {
	Amount amount = Amount::zero();
	auto parsed = ParseMoney(
	args.GetArg("-avaproofstakeutxodustthreshold", ""), amount);
	if (!parsed \|\| Amount::zero() == amount) {
	return InitError(AmountErrMsg(
	"avaproofstakeutxodustthreshold",
	args.GetArg("-avaproofstakeutxodustthreshold", "")));
	}

	if (!chainparams.IsTestChain() &&
	amount != avalanche::PROOF_DUST_THRESHOLD) {
	return InitError(_("Avalanche stake UTXO dust threshold can "
	"only be set on test chains."));
	}
	}

	// This is a staking node
	if (fAvalanche && args.IsArgSet("-avaproof")) {
	if (!args.GetBoolArg("-listen", true)) {
	return InitError(_("Running a staking node requires accepting "
	"inbound connections. Please enable -listen."));
	}
	if (args.IsArgSet("-proxy")) {
	return InitError(_("Running a staking node behind a proxy is not "
	"supported. Please disable -proxy."));
	}
	if (args.IsArgSet("-i2psam")) {
	return InitError(_("Running a staking node behind I2P is not "
	"supported. Please disable -i2psam."));
	}
	if (args.IsArgSet("-onlynet")) {
	return InitError(
	_("Restricting the outbound network is not supported when "
	"running a staking node. Please disable -onlynet."));
	}
	}

	// Also report errors from parsing before daemonization
	{
	KernelNotifications notifications{};
	ChainstateManager::Options chainman_opts_dummy{
	.config = config,
	.datadir = args.GetDataDirNet(),
	.notifications = notifications,
	};
	if (const auto error{ApplyArgsManOptions(args, chainman_opts_dummy)}) {
	return InitError(*error);
	}
	BlockManager::Options blockman_opts_dummy{
	.chainparams = chainman_opts_dummy.config.GetChainParams(),
	.blocks_dir = args.GetBlocksDirPath(),
	};
	if (const auto error{ApplyArgsManOptions(args, blockman_opts_dummy)}) {
	return InitError(*error);
	}
	}

	return true;
	}

	static bool LockDataDirectory(bool probeOnly) {
	// Make sure only a single Bitcoin process is using the data directory.
	fs::path datadir = gArgs.GetDataDirNet();
	if (!DirIsWritable(datadir)) {
	return InitError(strprintf(
	_("Cannot write to data directory '%s'; check permissions."),
	fs::PathToString(datadir)));
	}
	if (!LockDirectory(datadir, ".lock", probeOnly)) {
	return InitError(strprintf(_("Cannot obtain a lock on data directory "
	"%s. %s is probably already running."),
	fs::PathToString(datadir), PACKAGE_NAME));
	}
	return true;
	}

	bool AppInitSanityChecks(const kernel::Context &kernel) {
	// Step 4: sanity checks
	auto result{kernel::SanityChecks(kernel)};
	if (!result) {
	InitError(util::ErrorString(result));
	return InitError(strprintf(
	_("Initialization sanity check failed. %s is shutting down."),
	PACKAGE_NAME));
	}

	// Probe the data directory lock to give an early error message, if possible
	// We cannot hold the data directory lock here, as the forking for daemon()
	// hasn't yet happened, and a fork will cause weird behavior to it.
	return LockDataDirectory(true);
	}

	bool AppInitLockDataDirectory() {
	// After daemonization get the data directory lock again and hold on to it
	// until exit. This creates a slight window for a race condition to happen,
	// however this condition is harmless: it will at most make us exit without
	// printing a message to console.
	if (!LockDataDirectory(false)) {
	// Detailed error printed inside LockDataDirectory
	return false;
	}
	return true;
	}

	bool AppInitInterfaces(NodeContext &node) {
	node.chain = interfaces::MakeChain(node, Params());
	// Create client interfaces for wallets that are supposed to be loaded
	// according to -wallet and -disablewallet options. This only constructs
	// the interfaces, it doesn't load wallet data. Wallets actually get loaded
	// when load() and start() interface methods are called below.
	g_wallet_init_interface.Construct(node);
	return true;
	}

	bool AppInitMain(Config &config, RPCServer &rpcServer,
	HTTPRPCRequestProcessor &httpRPCRequestProcessor,
	NodeContext &node,
	interfaces::BlockAndHeaderTipInfo *tip_info) {
	// Step 4a: application initialization
	const ArgsManager &args = *Assert(node.args);
	const CChainParams &chainparams = config.GetChainParams();

	if (!CreatePidFile(args)) {
	// Detailed error printed inside CreatePidFile().
	return false;
	}
	if (!init::StartLogging(args)) {
	// Detailed error printed inside StartLogging().
	return false;
	}

	LogPrintf("Using at most %i automatic connections (%i file descriptors "
	"available)\n",
	nMaxConnections, nFD);

	// Warn about relative -datadir path.
	if (args.IsArgSet("-datadir") &&
	!args.GetPathArg("-datadir").is_absolute()) {
	LogPrintf("Warning: relative datadir option '%s' specified, which will "
	"be interpreted relative to the current working directory "
	"'%s'. This is fragile, because if bitcoin is started in the "
	"future from a different location, it will be unable to "
	"locate the current data files. There could also be data "
	"loss if bitcoin is started while in a temporary "
	"directory.\n",
	args.GetArg("-datadir", ""),
	fs::PathToString(fs::current_path()));
	}

	ValidationCacheSizes validation_cache_sizes{};
	ApplyArgsManOptions(args, validation_cache_sizes);

	if (!InitSignatureCache(validation_cache_sizes.signature_cache_bytes)) {
	return InitError(strprintf(
	_("Unable to allocate memory for -maxsigcachesize: '%s' MiB"),
	args.GetIntArg("-maxsigcachesize",
	DEFAULT_MAX_SIG_CACHE_BYTES >> 20)));
	}
	if (!InitScriptExecutionCache(
	validation_cache_sizes.script_execution_cache_bytes)) {
	return InitError(strprintf(
	_("Unable to allocate memory for -maxscriptcachesize: '%s' MiB"),
	args.GetIntArg("-maxscriptcachesize",
	DEFAULT_MAX_SCRIPT_CACHE_BYTES >> 20)));
	}

	int script_threads = args.GetIntArg("-par", DEFAULT_SCRIPTCHECK_THREADS);
	if (script_threads <= 0) {
	// -par=0 means autodetect (number of cores - 1 script threads)
	// -par=-n means "leave n cores free" (number of cores - n - 1 script
	// threads)
	script_threads += GetNumCores();
	}

	// Subtract 1 because the main thread counts towards the par threads
	script_threads = std::max(script_threads - 1, 0);

	// Number of script-checking threads <= MAX_SCRIPTCHECK_THREADS
	script_threads = std::min(script_threads, MAX_SCRIPTCHECK_THREADS);

	LogPrintf("Script verification uses %d additional threads\n",
	script_threads);
	if (script_threads >= 1) {
	StartScriptCheckWorkerThreads(script_threads);
	}

	assert(!node.scheduler);
	node.scheduler = std::make_unique<CScheduler>();

	// Start the lightweight task scheduler thread
	node.scheduler->m_service_thread =
	std::thread(&util::TraceThread, "scheduler",
	[&] { node.scheduler->serviceQueue(); });

	// Gather some entropy once per minute.
	node.scheduler->scheduleEvery(
	[] {
	RandAddPeriodic();
	return true;
	},
	std::chrono::minutes{1});

	GetMainSignals().RegisterBackgroundSignalScheduler(*node.scheduler);

	/**
	* Register RPC commands regardless of -server setting so they will be
	* available in the GUI RPC console even if external calls are disabled.
	*/
	RegisterAllRPCCommands(config, rpcServer, tableRPC);
	for (const auto &client : node.chain_clients) {
	client->registerRpcs();
	}
	#if ENABLE_ZMQ
	RegisterZMQRPCCommands(tableRPC);
	#endif

	/**
	* Start the RPC server. It will be started in "warmup" mode and not
	* process calls yet (but it will verify that the server is there and will
	* be ready later). Warmup mode will be completed when initialisation is
	* finished.
	*/
	if (args.GetBoolArg("-server", false)) {
	uiInterface.InitMessage_connect(SetRPCWarmupStatus);
	if (!AppInitServers(config, httpRPCRequestProcessor, node)) {
	return InitError(
	_("Unable to start HTTP server. See debug log for details."));
	}
	}

	// Step 5: verify wallet database integrity
	for (const auto &client : node.chain_clients) {
	if (!client->verify()) {
	return false;
	}
	}

	// Step 6: network initialization

	// Note that we absolutely cannot open any actual connections
	// until the very end ("start node") as the UTXO/block state
	// is not yet setup and may end up being set up twice if we
	// need to reindex later.

	fListen = args.GetBoolArg("-listen", DEFAULT_LISTEN);
	fDiscover = args.GetBoolArg("-discover", true);

	{
	// Initialize addrman
	assert(!node.addrman);

	// Read asmap file if configured
	std::vector<bool> asmap;
	if (args.IsArgSet("-asmap")) {
	fs::path asmap_path =
	args.GetPathArg("-asmap", DEFAULT_ASMAP_FILENAME);
	if (!asmap_path.is_absolute()) {
	asmap_path = args.GetDataDirNet() / asmap_path;
	}
	if (!fs::exists(asmap_path)) {
	InitError(strprintf(_("Could not find asmap file %s"),
	fs::quoted(fs::PathToString(asmap_path))));
	return false;
	}
	asmap = DecodeAsmap(asmap_path);
	if (asmap.size() == 0) {
	InitError(strprintf(_("Could not parse asmap file %s"),
	fs::quoted(fs::PathToString(asmap_path))));
	return false;
	}
	const uint256 asmap_version = (HashWriter{} << asmap).GetHash();
	LogPrintf("Using asmap version %s for IP bucketing\n",
	asmap_version.ToString());
	} else {
	LogPrintf("Using /16 prefix for IP bucketing\n");
	}

	uiInterface.InitMessage(_("Loading P2P addresses...").translated);
	auto addrman{LoadAddrman(chainparams, asmap, args)};
	if (!addrman) {
	return InitError(util::ErrorString(addrman));
	}
	node.addrman = std::move(*addrman);
	}

	assert(!node.banman);
	node.banman = std::make_unique<BanMan>(
	args.GetDataDirNet() / "banlist.dat", config.GetChainParams(),
	&uiInterface, args.GetIntArg("-bantime", DEFAULT_MISBEHAVING_BANTIME));
	assert(!node.connman);
	node.connman = std::make_unique<CConnman>(
	config, GetRand<uint64_t>(), GetRand<uint64_t>(), *node.addrman,
	args.GetBoolArg("-networkactive", true));

	// sanitize comments per BIP-0014, format user agent and check total size
	std::vector<std::string> uacomments;
	for (const std::string &cmt : args.GetArgs("-uacomment")) {
	if (cmt != SanitizeString(cmt, SAFE_CHARS_UA_COMMENT)) {
	return InitError(strprintf(
	_("User Agent comment (%s) contains unsafe characters."), cmt));
	}
	uacomments.push_back(cmt);
	}
	const std::string client_name = args.GetArg("-uaclientname", CLIENT_NAME);
	const std::string client_version =
	args.GetArg("-uaclientversion", FormatVersion(CLIENT_VERSION));
	if (client_name != SanitizeString(client_name, SAFE_CHARS_UA_COMMENT)) {
	return InitError(strprintf(
	_("-uaclientname (%s) contains invalid characters."), client_name));
	}
	if (client_version !=
	SanitizeString(client_version, SAFE_CHARS_UA_COMMENT)) {
	return InitError(
	strprintf(_("-uaclientversion (%s) contains invalid characters."),
	client_version));
	}
	const std::string strSubVersion =
	FormatUserAgent(client_name, client_version, uacomments);
	if (strSubVersion.size() > MAX_SUBVERSION_LENGTH) {
	return InitError(strprintf(
	_("Total length of network version string (%i) exceeds maximum "
	"length (%i). Reduce the number or size of uacomments."),
	strSubVersion.size(), MAX_SUBVERSION_LENGTH));
	}

	if (args.IsArgSet("-onlynet")) {
	std::set<enum Network> nets;
	for (const std::string &snet : args.GetArgs("-onlynet")) {
	enum Network net = ParseNetwork(snet);
	if (net == NET_UNROUTABLE) {
	return InitError(strprintf(
	_("Unknown network specified in -onlynet: '%s'"), snet));
	}
	nets.insert(net);
	}
	for (int n = 0; n < NET_MAX; n++) {
	enum Network net = (enum Network)n;
	if (!nets.count(net)) {
	SetReachable(net, false);
	}
	}
	}

	// Check for host lookup allowed before parsing any network related
	// parameters
	fNameLookup = args.GetBoolArg("-dns", DEFAULT_NAME_LOOKUP);

	bool proxyRandomize =
	args.GetBoolArg("-proxyrandomize", DEFAULT_PROXYRANDOMIZE);
	// -proxy sets a proxy for all outgoing network traffic
	// -noproxy (or -proxy=0) as well as the empty string can be used to not set
	// a proxy, this is the default
	std::string proxyArg = args.GetArg("-proxy", "");
	SetReachable(NET_ONION, false);
	if (proxyArg != "" && proxyArg != "0") {
	CService proxyAddr;
	if (!Lookup(proxyArg, proxyAddr, 9050, fNameLookup)) {
	return InitError(strprintf(
	_("Invalid -proxy address or hostname: '%s'"), proxyArg));
	}

	proxyType addrProxy = proxyType(proxyAddr, proxyRandomize);
	if (!addrProxy.IsValid()) {
	return InitError(strprintf(
	_("Invalid -proxy address or hostname: '%s'"), proxyArg));
	}

	SetProxy(NET_IPV4, addrProxy);
	SetProxy(NET_IPV6, addrProxy);
	SetProxy(NET_ONION, addrProxy);
	SetNameProxy(addrProxy);
	// by default, -proxy sets onion as reachable, unless -noonion later
	SetReachable(NET_ONION, true);
	}

	// -onion can be used to set only a proxy for .onion, or override normal
	// proxy for .onion addresses.
	// -noonion (or -onion=0) disables connecting to .onion entirely. An empty
	// string is used to not override the onion proxy (in which case it defaults
	// to -proxy set above, or none)
	std::string onionArg = args.GetArg("-onion", "");
	if (onionArg != "") {
	if (onionArg == "0") {
	// Handle -noonion/-onion=0
	SetReachable(NET_ONION, false);
	} else {
	CService onionProxy;
	if (!Lookup(onionArg, onionProxy, 9050, fNameLookup)) {
	return InitError(strprintf(
	_("Invalid -onion address or hostname: '%s'"), onionArg));
	}
	proxyType addrOnion = proxyType(onionProxy, proxyRandomize);
	if (!addrOnion.IsValid()) {
	return InitError(strprintf(
	_("Invalid -onion address or hostname: '%s'"), onionArg));
	}
	SetProxy(NET_ONION, addrOnion);
	SetReachable(NET_ONION, true);
	}
	}

	for (const std::string &strAddr : args.GetArgs("-externalip")) {
	CService addrLocal;
	if (Lookup(strAddr, addrLocal, GetListenPort(), fNameLookup) &&
	addrLocal.IsValid()) {
	AddLocal(addrLocal, LOCAL_MANUAL);
	} else {
	return InitError(ResolveErrMsg("externalip", strAddr));
	}
	}

	#if ENABLE_ZMQ
	g_zmq_notification_interface = CZMQNotificationInterface::Create(
	[&chainman = node.chainman](CBlock &block, const CBlockIndex &index) {
	assert(chainman);
	return chainman->m_blockman.ReadBlockFromDisk(block, index);
	});

	if (g_zmq_notification_interface) {
	RegisterValidationInterface(g_zmq_notification_interface.get());
	}
	#endif

	// Step 7: load block chain

	node.notifications = std::make_unique<KernelNotifications>();
	fReindex = args.GetBoolArg("-reindex", false);
	bool fReindexChainState = args.GetBoolArg("-reindex-chainstate", false);

	ChainstateManager::Options chainman_opts{
	.config = config,
	.datadir = args.GetDataDirNet(),
	.adjusted_time_callback = GetAdjustedTime,
	.notifications = *node.notifications,
	};
	// no error can happen, already checked in AppInitParameterInteraction
	Assert(!ApplyArgsManOptions(args, chainman_opts));

	if (chainman_opts.checkpoints_enabled) {
	LogPrintf("Checkpoints will be verified.\n");
	} else {
	LogPrintf("Skipping checkpoint verification.\n");
	}

	BlockManager::Options blockman_opts{
	.chainparams = chainman_opts.config.GetChainParams(),
	.blocks_dir = args.GetBlocksDirPath(),
	};
	// no error can happen, already checked in AppInitParameterInteraction
	Assert(!ApplyArgsManOptions(args, blockman_opts));

	// cache size calculations
	CacheSizes cache_sizes =
	CalculateCacheSizes(args, g_enabled_filter_types.size());

	LogPrintf("Cache configuration:\n");
	LogPrintf("* Using %.1f MiB for block index database\n",
	cache_sizes.block_tree_db * (1.0 / 1024 / 1024));
	if (args.GetBoolArg("-txindex", DEFAULT_TXINDEX)) {
	LogPrintf("* Using %.1f MiB for transaction index database\n",
	cache_sizes.tx_index * (1.0 / 1024 / 1024));
	}
	for (BlockFilterType filter_type : g_enabled_filter_types) {
	LogPrintf("* Using %.1f MiB for %s block filter index database\n",
	cache_sizes.filter_index * (1.0 / 1024 / 1024),
	BlockFilterTypeName(filter_type));
	}
	LogPrintf("* Using %.1f MiB for chain state database\n",
	cache_sizes.coins_db * (1.0 / 1024 / 1024));

	assert(!node.mempool);
	assert(!node.chainman);

	CTxMemPool::Options mempool_opts{
	.check_ratio = chainparams.DefaultConsistencyChecks() ? 1 : 0,
	};
	if (const auto err{ApplyArgsManOptions(args, chainparams, mempool_opts)}) {
	return InitError(*err);
	}
	mempool_opts.check_ratio =
	std::clamp<int>(mempool_opts.check_ratio, 0, 1'000'000);

	// FIXME: this legacy limit comes from the DEFAULT_DESCENDANT_SIZE_LIMIT
	// (101) that was enforced before the wellington activation. While it's
	// still a good idea to have some minimum mempool size, using this value as
	// a threshold is no longer relevant.
	int64_t nMempoolSizeMin = 101 * 1000 * 40;
	if (mempool_opts.max_size_bytes < 0 \|\|
	(!chainparams.IsTestChain() &&
	mempool_opts.max_size_bytes < nMempoolSizeMin)) {
	return InitError(strprintf(_("-maxmempool must be at least %d MB"),
	std::ceil(nMempoolSizeMin / 1000000.0)));
	}
	LogPrintf("* Using %.1f MiB for in-memory UTXO set (plus up to %.1f MiB of "
	"unused mempool space)\n",
	cache_sizes.coins * (1.0 / 1024 / 1024),
	mempool_opts.max_size_bytes * (1.0 / 1024 / 1024));

	for (bool fLoaded = false; !fLoaded && !ShutdownRequested();) {
	node.mempool = std::make_unique<CTxMemPool>(mempool_opts);

	node.chainman =
	std::make_unique<ChainstateManager>(chainman_opts, blockman_opts);
	ChainstateManager &chainman = *node.chainman;

	node::ChainstateLoadOptions options;
	options.mempool = Assert(node.mempool.get());
	options.reindex = node::fReindex;
	options.reindex_chainstate = fReindexChainState;
	options.prune = chainman.m_blockman.IsPruneMode();
	options.check_blocks =
	args.GetIntArg("-checkblocks", DEFAULT_CHECKBLOCKS);
	options.check_level = args.GetIntArg("-checklevel", DEFAULT_CHECKLEVEL);
	options.require_full_verification =
	args.IsArgSet("-checkblocks") \|\| args.IsArgSet("-checklevel");
	options.check_interrupt = ShutdownRequested;
	options.coins_error_cb = [] {
	uiInterface.ThreadSafeMessageBox(
	_("Error reading from database, shutting down."), "",
	CClientUIInterface::MSG_ERROR);
	};

	uiInterface.InitMessage(_("Loading block index...").translated);

	const int64_t load_block_index_start_time = GetTimeMillis();
	auto catch_exceptions = [](auto &&f) {
	try {
	return f();
	} catch (const std::exception &e) {
	LogPrintf("%s\n", e.what());
	return std::make_tuple(node::ChainstateLoadStatus::FAILURE,
	_("Error opening block database"));
	}
	};
	auto [status, error] = catch_exceptions(
	[&] { return LoadChainstate(chainman, cache_sizes, options); });
	if (status == node::ChainstateLoadStatus::SUCCESS) {
	uiInterface.InitMessage(_("Verifying blocks...").translated);
	if (chainman.m_blockman.m_have_pruned &&
	options.check_blocks > MIN_BLOCKS_TO_KEEP) {
	LogPrintfCategory(BCLog::PRUNE,
	"pruned datadir may not have more than %d "
	"blocks; only checking available blocks\n",
	MIN_BLOCKS_TO_KEEP);
	}
	std::tie(status, error) = catch_exceptions(
	[&] { return VerifyLoadedChainstate(chainman, options); });
	if (status == node::ChainstateLoadStatus::SUCCESS) {
	WITH_LOCK(cs_main, return node.chainman->LoadRecentHeadersTime(
	node.chainman->m_options.datadir /
	HEADERS_TIME_FILE_NAME));
	fLoaded = true;
	LogPrintf(" block index %15dms\n",
	GetTimeMillis() - load_block_index_start_time);
	}
	}

	if (status == node::ChainstateLoadStatus::FAILURE_FATAL \|\|
	status == node::ChainstateLoadStatus::FAILURE_INCOMPATIBLE_DB \|\|
	status ==
	node::ChainstateLoadStatus::FAILURE_INSUFFICIENT_DBCACHE) {
	return InitError(error);
	}

	if (!fLoaded && !ShutdownRequested()) {
	// first suggest a reindex
	if (!options.reindex) {
	bool fRet = uiInterface.ThreadSafeQuestion(
	error + Untranslated(".\n\n") +
	_("Do you want to rebuild the block database now?"),
	error.original + ".\nPlease restart with -reindex or "
	"-reindex-chainstate to recover.",
	"",
	CClientUIInterface::MSG_ERROR \|
	CClientUIInterface::BTN_ABORT);
	if (fRet) {
	fReindex = true;
	AbortShutdown();
	} else {
	LogPrintf("Aborted block database rebuild. Exiting.\n");
	return false;
	}
	} else {
	return InitError(error);
	}
	}
	}

	// As LoadBlockIndex can take several minutes, it's possible the user
	// requested to kill the GUI during the last operation. If so, exit.
	// As the program has not fully started yet, Shutdown() is possibly
	// overkill.
	if (ShutdownRequested()) {
	LogPrintf("Shutdown requested. Exiting.\n");
	return false;
	}

	ChainstateManager &chainman = *Assert(node.chainman);

	if (args.GetBoolArg("-avalanche", AVALANCHE_DEFAULT_ENABLED)) {
	// Initialize Avalanche.
	bilingual_str avalancheError;
	node.avalanche = avalanche::Processor::MakeProcessor(
	args, *node.chain, node.connman.get(), chainman, node.mempool.get(),
	*node.scheduler, avalancheError);
	if (!node.avalanche) {
	InitError(avalancheError);
	return false;
	}

	if (node.avalanche->isAvalancheServiceAvailable()) {
	nLocalServices = ServiceFlags(nLocalServices \| NODE_AVALANCHE);
	}
	}

	PeerManager::Options peerman_opts{};
	ApplyArgsManOptions(args, peerman_opts);

	assert(!node.peerman);
	node.peerman = PeerManager::make(node.connman, node.addrman,
	node.banman.get(), chainman, *node.mempool,
	node.avalanche.get(), peerman_opts);
	RegisterValidationInterface(node.peerman.get());

	// Encoded addresses using cashaddr instead of base58.
	// We do this by default to avoid confusion with BTC addresses.
	config.SetCashAddrEncoding(args.GetBoolArg("-usecashaddr", true));

	// Step 8: load indexers

	// If reindex-chainstate was specified, delay syncing indexes until
	// ImportBlocks has reindexed the chain
	if (!fReindexChainState) {
	g_indexes_ready_to_sync = true;
	}
	if (args.GetBoolArg("-txindex", DEFAULT_TXINDEX)) {
	auto result{
	WITH_LOCK(cs_main, return CheckLegacyTxindex(*Assert(
	chainman.m_blockman.m_block_tree_db)))};
	if (!result) {
	return InitError(util::ErrorString(result));
	}

	g_txindex =
	std::make_unique<TxIndex>(interfaces::MakeChain(node, Params()),
	cache_sizes.tx_index, false, fReindex);
	node.indexes.emplace_back(g_txindex.get());
	}

	for (const auto &filter_type : g_enabled_filter_types) {
	InitBlockFilterIndex(
	[&] { return interfaces::MakeChain(node, Params()); }, filter_type,
	cache_sizes.filter_index, false, fReindex);
	node.indexes.emplace_back(GetBlockFilterIndex(filter_type));
	}

	if (args.GetBoolArg("-coinstatsindex", DEFAULT_COINSTATSINDEX)) {
	g_coin_stats_index = std::make_unique<CoinStatsIndex>(
	interfaces::MakeChain(node, Params()), /* cache size */ 0, false,
	fReindex);
	node.indexes.emplace_back(g_coin_stats_index.get());
	}

	// Init indexes
	for (auto index : node.indexes) {
	if (!index->Init()) {
	return false;
	}
	}

	- // Now that all indexes are loaded, start them
	- if (!StartIndexBackgroundSync(node)) {
	- return false;
	- }
	-
	#if ENABLE_CHRONIK
	if (args.GetBoolArg("-chronik", DEFAULT_CHRONIK)) {
	const bool fReindexChronik =
	fReindex \|\| args.GetBoolArg("-chronikreindex", false);
	if (!chronik::Start(args, config, node, fReindexChronik)) {
	return false;
	}
	}
	#endif

	// Step 9: load wallet
	for (const auto &client : node.chain_clients) {
	if (!client->load()) {
	return false;
	}
	}

	// Step 10: data directory maintenance

	// if pruning, unset the service bit and perform the initial blockstore
	// prune after any wallet rescanning has taken place.
	if (chainman.m_blockman.IsPruneMode()) {
	LogPrintf("Unsetting NODE_NETWORK on prune mode\n");
	nLocalServices = ServiceFlags(nLocalServices & ~NODE_NETWORK);
	if (!fReindex) {
	LOCK(cs_main);
	for (Chainstate *chainstate : chainman.GetAll()) {
	uiInterface.InitMessage(_("Pruning blockstore...").translated);
	chainstate->PruneAndFlush();
	}
	}
	}

	// Step 11: import blocks
	if (!CheckDiskSpace(args.GetDataDirNet())) {
	InitError(
	strprintf(_("Error: Disk space is low for %s"),
	fs::quoted(fs::PathToString(args.GetDataDirNet()))));
	return false;
	}
	if (!CheckDiskSpace(args.GetBlocksDirPath())) {
	InitError(
	strprintf(_("Error: Disk space is low for %s"),
	fs::quoted(fs::PathToString(args.GetBlocksDirPath()))));
	return false;
	}

	// Either install a handler to notify us when genesis activates, or set
	// fHaveGenesis directly.
	// No locking, as this happens before any background thread is started.
	boost::signals2::connection block_notify_genesis_wait_connection;
	if (WITH_LOCK(chainman.GetMutex(),
	return chainman.ActiveChain().Tip() == nullptr)) {
	block_notify_genesis_wait_connection =
	uiInterface.NotifyBlockTip_connect(
	std::bind(BlockNotifyGenesisWait, std::placeholders::_2));
	} else {
	fHaveGenesis = true;
	}

	#if defined(HAVE_SYSTEM)
	const std::string block_notify = args.GetArg("-blocknotify", "");
	if (!block_notify.empty()) {
	uiInterface.NotifyBlockTip_connect([block_notify](
	SynchronizationState sync_state,
	const CBlockIndex *pBlockIndex) {
	if (sync_state != SynchronizationState::POST_INIT \|\| !pBlockIndex) {
	return;
	}
	std::string command = block_notify;
	ReplaceAll(command, "%s", pBlockIndex->GetBlockHash().GetHex());
	std::thread t(runCommand, command);
	// thread runs free
	t.detach();
	});
	}
	#endif

	std::vector<fs::path> vImportFiles;
	for (const std::string &strFile : args.GetArgs("-loadblock")) {
	vImportFiles.push_back(fs::PathFromString(strFile));
	}

	avalanche::Processor *const avalanche = node.avalanche.get();
	- chainman.m_thread_load =
	- std::thread(&util::TraceThread, "initload", [=, &chainman, &args] {
	+ chainman.m_thread_load = std::thread(
	+ &util::TraceThread, "initload", [=, &chainman, &args, &node] {
	// Import blocks
	ImportBlocks(chainman, avalanche, vImportFiles);
	+ // Start indexes initial sync
	+ if (!StartIndexBackgroundSync(node)) {
	+ bilingual_str err_str =
	+ _("Failed to start indexes, shutting down..");
	+ AbortNode(err_str.original, err_str);
	+ // TODO: replace AbortNode call with following line after
	+ // backporting core#27861
	+ // chainman.GetNotifications().fatalError(err_str.original,
	+ // err_str);
	+ return;
	+ }
	// Load mempool from disk
	chainman.ActiveChainstate().LoadMempool(
	ShouldPersistMempool(args) ? MempoolPath(args) : fs::path{});
	});

	// Wait for genesis block to be processed
	{
	WAIT_LOCK(g_genesis_wait_mutex, lock);
	// We previously could hang here if StartShutdown() is called prior to
	// ImportBlocks getting started, so instead we just wait on a timer to
	// check ShutdownRequested() regularly.
	while (!fHaveGenesis && !ShutdownRequested()) {
	g_genesis_wait_cv.wait_for(lock, std::chrono::milliseconds(500));
	}
	block_notify_genesis_wait_connection.disconnect();
	}

	if (ShutdownRequested()) {
	return false;
	}

	// Step 12: start node

	int chain_active_height;

	//// debug print
	{
	LOCK(cs_main);
	LogPrintf("block tree size = %u\n", chainman.BlockIndex().size());
	chain_active_height = chainman.ActiveChain().Height();
	if (tip_info) {
	tip_info->block_height = chain_active_height;
	tip_info->block_time =
	chainman.ActiveChain().Tip()
	? chainman.ActiveChain().Tip()->GetBlockTime()
	: chainman.GetParams().GenesisBlock().GetBlockTime();
	tip_info->verification_progress = GuessVerificationProgress(
	chainman.GetParams().TxData(), chainman.ActiveChain().Tip());
	}
	if (tip_info && chainman.m_best_header) {
	tip_info->header_height = chainman.m_best_header->nHeight;
	tip_info->header_time = chainman.m_best_header->GetBlockTime();
	}
	}
	LogPrintf("nBestHeight = %d\n", chain_active_height);
	if (node.peerman) {
	node.peerman->SetBestHeight(chain_active_height);
	}

	// Map ports with UPnP or NAT-PMP.
	StartMapPort(args.GetBoolArg("-upnp", DEFAULT_UPNP),
	args.GetBoolArg("-natpmp", DEFAULT_NATPMP));

	CConnman::Options connOptions;
	connOptions.nLocalServices = nLocalServices;
	connOptions.nMaxConnections = nMaxConnections;
	connOptions.m_max_avalanche_outbound =
	node.avalanche
	? args.GetIntArg("-maxavalancheoutbound",
	DEFAULT_MAX_AVALANCHE_OUTBOUND_CONNECTIONS)
	: 0;
	connOptions.m_max_outbound_full_relay = std::min(
	MAX_OUTBOUND_FULL_RELAY_CONNECTIONS,
	connOptions.nMaxConnections - connOptions.m_max_avalanche_outbound);
	connOptions.m_max_outbound_block_relay = std::min(
	MAX_BLOCK_RELAY_ONLY_CONNECTIONS,
	connOptions.nMaxConnections - connOptions.m_max_avalanche_outbound -
	connOptions.m_max_outbound_full_relay);
	connOptions.nMaxAddnode = MAX_ADDNODE_CONNECTIONS;
	connOptions.nMaxFeeler = MAX_FEELER_CONNECTIONS;
	connOptions.uiInterface = &uiInterface;
	connOptions.m_banman = node.banman.get();
	connOptions.m_msgproc.push_back(node.peerman.get());
	if (node.avalanche) {
	connOptions.m_msgproc.push_back(node.avalanche.get());
	}
	connOptions.nSendBufferMaxSize =
	1000 * args.GetIntArg("-maxsendbuffer", DEFAULT_MAXSENDBUFFER);
	connOptions.nReceiveFloodSize =
	1000 * args.GetIntArg("-maxreceivebuffer", DEFAULT_MAXRECEIVEBUFFER);
	connOptions.m_added_nodes = args.GetArgs("-addnode");

	connOptions.nMaxOutboundLimit =
	1024 * 1024 *
	args.GetIntArg("-maxuploadtarget", DEFAULT_MAX_UPLOAD_TARGET);
	connOptions.m_peer_connect_timeout = peer_connect_timeout;
	connOptions.whitelist_forcerelay =
	args.GetBoolArg("-whitelistforcerelay", DEFAULT_WHITELISTFORCERELAY);
	connOptions.whitelist_relay =
	args.GetBoolArg("-whitelistrelay", DEFAULT_WHITELISTRELAY);

	// Port to bind to if `-bind=addr` is provided without a `:port` suffix.
	const uint16_t default_bind_port = static_cast<uint16_t>(
	args.GetIntArg("-port", config.GetChainParams().GetDefaultPort()));

	const auto BadPortWarning = [](const char *prefix, uint16_t port) {
	return strprintf(_("%s request to listen on port %u. This port is "
	"considered \"bad\" and "
	"thus it is unlikely that any Bitcoin ABC peers "
	"connect to it. See "
	"doc/p2p-bad-ports.md for details and a full list."),
	prefix, port);
	};

	for (const std::string &bind_arg : args.GetArgs("-bind")) {
	CService bind_addr;
	const size_t index = bind_arg.rfind('=');
	if (index == std::string::npos) {
	if (Lookup(bind_arg, bind_addr, default_bind_port,
	/fAllowLookup=/false)) {
	connOptions.vBinds.push_back(bind_addr);
	if (IsBadPort(bind_addr.GetPort())) {
	InitWarning(BadPortWarning("-bind", bind_addr.GetPort()));
	}
	continue;
	}
	} else {
	const std::string network_type = bind_arg.substr(index + 1);
	if (network_type == "onion") {
	const std::string truncated_bind_arg =
	bind_arg.substr(0, index);
	if (Lookup(truncated_bind_arg, bind_addr,
	BaseParams().OnionServiceTargetPort(), false)) {
	connOptions.onion_binds.push_back(bind_addr);
	continue;
	}
	}
	}
	return InitError(ResolveErrMsg("bind", bind_arg));
	}

	for (const std::string &strBind : args.GetArgs("-whitebind")) {
	NetWhitebindPermissions whitebind;
	bilingual_str error;
	if (!NetWhitebindPermissions::TryParse(strBind, whitebind, error)) {
	return InitError(error);
	}
	connOptions.vWhiteBinds.push_back(whitebind);
	}

	// If the user did not specify -bind= or -whitebind= then we bind
	// on any address - 0.0.0.0 (IPv4) and :: (IPv6).
	connOptions.bind_on_any =
	args.GetArgs("-bind").empty() && args.GetArgs("-whitebind").empty();

	// Emit a warning if a bad port is given to -port= but only if -bind and
	// -whitebind are not given, because if they are, then -port= is ignored.
	if (connOptions.bind_on_any && args.IsArgSet("-port")) {
	const uint16_t port_arg = args.GetIntArg("-port", 0);
	if (IsBadPort(port_arg)) {
	InitWarning(BadPortWarning("-port", port_arg));
	}
	}

	CService onion_service_target;
	if (!connOptions.onion_binds.empty()) {
	onion_service_target = connOptions.onion_binds.front();
	} else if (!connOptions.vBinds.empty()) {
	onion_service_target = connOptions.vBinds.front();
	} else {
	onion_service_target = DefaultOnionServiceTarget();
	connOptions.onion_binds.push_back(onion_service_target);
	}

	if (args.GetBoolArg("-listenonion", DEFAULT_LISTEN_ONION)) {
	if (connOptions.onion_binds.size() > 1) {
	InitWarning(strprintf(
	_("More than one onion bind address is provided. Using %s "
	"for the automatically created Tor onion service."),
	onion_service_target.ToStringIPPort()));
	}
	StartTorControl(onion_service_target);
	}

	if (connOptions.bind_on_any) {
	// Only add all IP addresses of the machine if we would be listening on
	// any address - 0.0.0.0 (IPv4) and :: (IPv6).
	Discover();
	}

	for (const auto &net : args.GetArgs("-whitelist")) {
	NetWhitelistPermissions subnet;
	ConnectionDirection connection_direction;
	bilingual_str error;
	if (!NetWhitelistPermissions::TryParse(net, subnet,
	connection_direction, error)) {
	return InitError(error);
	}
	if (connection_direction & ConnectionDirection::In) {
	connOptions.vWhitelistedRangeIncoming.push_back(subnet);
	}
	if (connection_direction & ConnectionDirection::Out) {
	connOptions.vWhitelistedRangeOutgoing.push_back(subnet);
	}
	}

	connOptions.vSeedNodes = args.GetArgs("-seednode");

	// Initiate outbound connections unless connect=0
	connOptions.m_use_addrman_outgoing = !args.IsArgSet("-connect");
	if (!connOptions.m_use_addrman_outgoing) {
	const auto connect = args.GetArgs("-connect");
	if (connect.size() != 1 \|\| connect[0] != "0") {
	connOptions.m_specified_outgoing = connect;
	}
	}

	const std::string &i2psam_arg = args.GetArg("-i2psam", "");
	if (!i2psam_arg.empty()) {
	CService addr;
	if (!Lookup(i2psam_arg, addr, 7656, fNameLookup) \|\| !addr.IsValid()) {
	return InitError(strprintf(
	_("Invalid -i2psam address or hostname: '%s'"), i2psam_arg));
	}
	SetReachable(NET_I2P, true);
	SetProxy(NET_I2P, proxyType{addr});
	} else {
	SetReachable(NET_I2P, false);
	}

	connOptions.m_i2p_accept_incoming =
	args.GetBoolArg("-i2pacceptincoming", true);

	if (!node.connman->Start(*node.scheduler, connOptions)) {
	return false;
	}

	// Step 13: finished

	// At this point, the RPC is "started", but still in warmup, which means it
	// cannot yet be called. Before we make it callable, we need to make sure
	// that the RPC's view of the best block is valid and consistent with
	// ChainstateManager's active tip.
	//
	// If we do not do this, RPC's view of the best block will be height=0 and
	// hash=0x0. This will lead to erroroneous responses for things like
	// waitforblockheight.
	RPCNotifyBlockChange(
	WITH_LOCK(chainman.GetMutex(), return chainman.ActiveTip()));
	SetRPCWarmupFinished();

	uiInterface.InitMessage(_("Done loading").translated);

	for (const auto &client : node.chain_clients) {
	client->start(*node.scheduler);
	}

	BanMan *banman = node.banman.get();
	node.scheduler->scheduleEvery(
	[banman] {
	banman->DumpBanlist();
	return true;
	},
	DUMP_BANS_INTERVAL);

	// Start Avalanche's event loop.
	if (node.avalanche) {
	node.avalanche->startEventLoop(*node.scheduler);
	}

	if (node.peerman) {
	node.peerman->StartScheduledTasks(*node.scheduler);
	}

	#if HAVE_SYSTEM
	StartupNotify(args);
	#endif

	return true;
	}

	bool StartIndexBackgroundSync(NodeContext &node) {
	for (auto index : node.indexes) {
	if (!index->StartBackgroundSync()) {
	return false;
	}
	}
	return true;
	}

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