[avalanche] Add a way to pass avalanche config values around

Summary:
As the avalanche module grows, it is becoming more challenging to pass around
config values without making a mess as these values pass between multiple
levels of dependencies. This patch adds an AvalancheConfig class for passing
these parameters around without needing to modify every intermediate API.

queryTimeoutDuration is used as a proof of concept, but more impact will be
evident in voting and proof verification parameters.

Test Plan:

ninja check

Reviewers: #bitcoin_abc, Fabien

Reviewed By: #bitcoin_abc, Fabien

Subscribers: Fabien

Differential Revision: https://reviews.bitcoinabc.org/D11761