Add functional tests for rejecting headers that build on invalid chains

Summary:
See title. Re-landing this change on master because attribution was wrong on D2777

Co-authored-by: Jason B. Cox <contact@jasonbcox.com>
Co-authored-by: Nico Guiton <nico@bitframe.org>

Test Plan:
make check
test_runner.py abc-invalid-chains

Reviewers: deadalnix, Fabien, #bitcoin_abc

Reviewed By: deadalnix, #bitcoin_abc

Differential Revision: https://reviews.bitcoinabc.org/D2790