[net processing] Move MaybePunishNodeForBlock into PeerManager

Summary:
Partial backport (5/9) of core PR19791:
https://github.com/bitcoin/bitcoin/pull/19791/commits/b70cd890e375e904b7f36b3d959e5656f5a5cbcd

Depends on D9038.

Test Plan:

ninja all check-all

Reviewers: #bitcoin_abc, PiRK

Reviewed By: #bitcoin_abc, PiRK

Differential Revision: https://reviews.bitcoinabc.org/D9043