test: add addr-fetch peer connection state and timeout coverage

Summary:

This patch adds additional addr-fetch peer connection state and timeout coverage as a follow-up to #22096.

Backport of core#22568.

Ref T1696.

Test Plan:

./test/functional/test_runner.py p2p_addrfetch

Reviewers: #bitcoin_abc, PiRK

Reviewed By: #bitcoin_abc, PiRK

Maniphest Tasks: T1696

Differential Revision: https://reviews.bitcoinabc.org/D10926