[kernel 0/n] Introduce bitcoin-chainstate
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Description

[kernel 0/n] Introduce bitcoin-chainstate

Summary:
The bitcoin-chainstate executable serves to surface the dependencies
required by a program wishing to use Bitcoin Core's consensus engine as
it is right now.

More broadly, the _SOURCES list serves as a guiding "North Star" for the
libbitcoinkernel project: as we decouple more and more modules of the
codebase from our consensus engine, this _SOURCES list will grow shorter
and shorter. One day, only what is critical to our consensus engine will
remain. Right now, it's "the minimal list of files to link in to even
use our consensus engine".

The additional dependencies for Bitcoin ABC pulled in via validation -> avalanche are listed separately because they will take more than just backporting bitcoin Core to get rid of.

[META] In a future commit the libbitcoinkernel library will be extracted

from bitcoin-chainstate, and the libbitcoinkernel library's
_SOURCES list will be the list that we aim to shrink.

This is a backport of core#24304 and core#24504

with updates from core#24661, core#25308, core#22564, core#24595, core#25168, core#25077, core#24153

Test Plan:

cmake .. -GNinja -DBUILD_BITCOIN_CHAINSTATE=ON
ninja

Running the new executable and pasting some hex blocks (the ones just after the tip from our chainstate)

$ src/bitcoin-chainstate  /data/ecashd
Hello! I'm going to print out some information about your datadir.
	Path: "/data/ecashd"
	Reindexing: false
	Snapshot Active: false
	Active Height: 823235
	Active IBD: true
	CBlockIndex(pprev=0x7fe1085ce0c8, nHeight=823235, merkle=6a3a479d92db7c5a178356c680a58ff0468ed2aaf689c850b55729ebb0038568, hashBlock=0000000000000000085542cbdfd82a970117d737ebe8bc7a5c04d78d80d7bce9)
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
Valid
initial value. Block has not yet been rejected
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
Valid
initial value. Block has not yet been rejected

Re-running bitcoin-chainstate, note that the active tip has advanced by two blocks, then pasting an old block (duplicate)

$ src/bitcoin-chainstate  /data/ecashd
Hello! I'm going to print out some information about your datadir.
	Path: "/data/ecashd"
	Reindexing: false
	Snapshot Active: false
	Active Height: 823237
	Active IBD: true
	CBlockIndex(pprev=0x7fdb16e3b0c8, nHeight=823237, merkle=5a1d7aa3f04bf347f3723e56aa46c13dca2a537e6db043493d2d9c11d8c8dd8a, hashBlock=00000000000000000571463c80aa2dd411dbb5733c84e80b13ab329066918a84)
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
duplicate

Reviewers: #bitcoin_abc, Fabien

Reviewed By: #bitcoin_abc, Fabien

Subscribers: Fabien

Differential Revision: https://reviews.bitcoinabc.org/D15015