[test] A few more tests for ASERT

Summary:
Backported a few more tests:

https://gitlab.com/bitcoin-cash-node/bitcoin-cash-node/-/merge_requests/719/diffs

Test Plan:

ninja check-pow

Reviewers: #bitcoin_abc, deadalnix

Reviewed By: #bitcoin_abc, deadalnix

Differential Revision: https://reviews.bitcoinabc.org/D7197