[chronik] Bump Corrosion to 0.3.0

Summary: This version made the package incompatible with 0.2.x, breaking the build for up to date systems.

Test Plan:

cmake -GNinja .. -DBUILD_BITCOIN_CHRONIK
ninja all check-crates

Reviewers: #bitcoin_abc, PiRK

Reviewed By: #bitcoin_abc, PiRK

Differential Revision: https://reviews.bitcoinabc.org/D12765