Bump protobuf version from 2.61 to 21.12 in native_protobuf.mk + enable Chronik build again

Summary:
Chronik requires support for proto3, which requires us to upgrade the protoc compiler.
We also enable Chronik in the builds again (has been reverted in D13221).

Test Plan: CI @bot build-linux32 build-linux64 build-linux-aarch64 build-linux-arm build-osx build-win64

Reviewers: Fabien, #bitcoin_abc

Reviewed By: Fabien, #bitcoin_abc

Differential Revision: https://reviews.bitcoinabc.org/D13222