[lint] bump black to >=24

Summary:
This is the yearly bumping for the black linter. Black guarantees that the default formatting will not change between major versions.
Note that black currently supports python >= 3.8

Also note that previously we had black >=22.8 instead of >=23 to keep support python 3.6.

I manually moved some comments to the previous line instead of same line, to avoid clumsy auto-formatting changes.

Depend in D15373

Test Plan:
Run Electrum ABC and the functional tests

arc lint --everything (check that no python file is changed)

Reviewers: #bitcoin_abc, Fabien

Reviewed By: #bitcoin_abc, Fabien

Differential Revision: https://reviews.bitcoinabc.org/D15374