[backport#13655] bitcoinconsensus: invalid flags error should be set to bitcoinconsensus_err

Summary:
417b6c1d2990ffc78c029442e027797d724a101f bitcoinconsensus: invalid flags should be set to bitcoinconsensus_error type, add test cases covering bitcoinconsensus error codes (Thomas Kerin)

Pull request description:

A check was added to the bitcoinconsensus verify_script codepath to ensure that callers only used _exposed_ interpreter flags. I think this error should be written to `bitcoinconsensus_err* err` and not returned by verify_script?

I modified the check so it indicates the error using *err like the others, and added tests covering the error codes.

Backport of Core PR13655

Test Plan:

ninja all check check-functional

Reviewers: #bitcoin_abc, Fabien

Reviewed By: #bitcoin_abc, Fabien

Differential Revision: https://reviews.bitcoinabc.org/D8804