validation: Pass in chainstate to CVerifyDB::VerifyDB

Summary:
This is a backport of core#21055 [7/16]
https://github.com/bitcoin/bitcoin/pull/21055/commits/2bdf37fe187ba6f090a0f5299b74d5d82cde4697

Test Plan: ninja all check-all

Reviewers: #bitcoin_abc, Fabien

Reviewed By: #bitcoin_abc, Fabien

Differential Revision: https://reviews.bitcoinabc.org/D11212