Enable clang-tidy bugprone-argument-comment and fix violations

Summary: This is a backport of core#22903

Test Plan:

cmake .. -DCMAKE_C_COMPILER=clang -DCMAKE_CXX_COMPILER=clang++ -DENABLE_CLANG_TIDY=ON -GNinja
ninja all check-all

Reviewers: #bitcoin_abc, Fabien

Reviewed By: #bitcoin_abc, Fabien

Subscribers: Fabien

Differential Revision: https://reviews.bitcoinabc.org/D12695