Add linked-list test to CCoinsViewCache::SanityCheck

Summary:
This is a partial backport of core#28280
https://github.com/bitcoin/bitcoin/pull/28280/commits/0e8918755f725b6269ed2be5a0b46f1611233515

Depends on D18619

Test Plan: ninja all check-all

Reviewers: #bitcoin_abc, Fabien

Reviewed By: #bitcoin_abc, Fabien

Differential Revision: https://reviews.bitcoinabc.org/D18620