build: disable more optional components when building qt

Summary:
The main difference now between our qt.mk and Core's qt.mk, for options common to all the supported OS, are:

• -no-feature-networkproxy (used by them)
• -no-openssl (used by them)
• -openssl-linked (used by us)
• $(package)_dependencies=openssl (used by us)
• $(package)_config_opts_* += OPENSSL_LIBS="*" (used by us)

Depends on D15425

Test Plan: guix build, gitian builds

Reviewers: #bitcoin_abc, Fabien

Reviewed By: #bitcoin_abc, Fabien

Differential Revision: https://reviews.bitcoinabc.org/D15427