[backport#15638][build] Move several units into common libraries

Summary:
Moves the following units into libbitcoin_util or libbitcoin_common
since they are required by multiple libraries:

• bloom
• interfaces/handler
• merkleblock
• outputtype

https://github.com/bitcoin/bitcoin/pull/15638/commits/99517866b62c261f990e1f897502855afc12f2a7

Depends on D5983

This is a partial backport of Core PR15638

Test Plan:

ninja check check-functional

Reviewers: #bitcoin_abc, deadalnix

Reviewed By: #bitcoin_abc, deadalnix

Differential Revision: https://reviews.bitcoinabc.org/D5994