[backport#16542 4/4] Additional tests for other failure cases

Summary:
https://github.com/bitcoin/bitcoin/pull/16542/commits/787c9ec0c383cefb83a95433311a27f9c220dca0

Depends on D6648

Concludes backport of Core PR16542

Test Plan:

ninja check

Reviewers: #bitcoin_abc, deadalnix

Reviewed By: #bitcoin_abc, deadalnix

Subscribers: deadalnix

Differential Revision: https://reviews.bitcoinabc.org/D6649