added asserts to check m_addr_known when it's used

Summary:
This is a backport of Core PR17164 [2/3]
https://github.com/bitcoin/bitcoin/pull/17164/commits/a552e8477c5bcd22a5457f4f73a2fd6db8acd2c2

Depends on D8238

Test Plan: ninja all check-all

Reviewers: O1 Bitcoin ABC, #bitcoin_abc, Fabien

Reviewed By: O1 Bitcoin ABC, #bitcoin_abc, Fabien

Differential Revision: https://reviews.bitcoinabc.org/D8239