test: feature_init: tweak all .ldb files of a certain type

Summary:
This part of the test sporadically fails on CI infrastructure. Instead
of perturbing a single .ldb file of each type, move all .ldb files of a
given type to ensure a bad startup.

This is a partial backport of core#23737
https://github.com/bitcoin/bitcoin/pull/23737/commits/24fcf6e435ee53191b1404a11b0689bcd647c9e2

Depends on D12612

Test Plan:

ninja check-functional

Reviewers: #bitcoin_abc, Fabien

Reviewed By: #bitcoin_abc, Fabien

Differential Revision: https://reviews.bitcoinabc.org/D12613