Backport various improvement to test_framework.py

Summary:
Backport several PRs and commits, plus fix a few nits.

PR #10318: [tests] fix wait_for_inv()

3e3c22f [tests] fix wait_for_inv() (John Newbery)

PR #10124: [test] Suppress test logging spam

45ce471 Reduce spammy test logging (John Newbery)

Commit a7820422e (Part of PR #11319)

qa: Treat mininode p2p exceptions as fatal (Suhas Daftuar)

Test Plan:

./test/functional/test_runner.py

Reviewers: #bitcoin_abc, schancel

Reviewed By: #bitcoin_abc, schancel

Subscribers: schancel, danconnolly, teamcity

Differential Revision: https://reviews.bitcoinabc.org/D1178