test: Add addrman deserialization error tests

Summary:
Backport of core#23041.

Depends on D12308.

Test Plan:

./test/functional/test_runner.py feature_addrman

Reviewers: #bitcoin_abc, PiRK

Reviewed By: #bitcoin_abc, PiRK

Differential Revision: https://reviews.bitcoinabc.org/D12310