[CI] Add a regression test for the build without the GUI

Summary:
This is a common use case to build without the GUI, so make sure it is
tested.

Test Plan:

../contrib/teamcity/build-configurations.py build-without-qt

Reviewers: #bitcoin_abc, majcosta

Reviewed By: #bitcoin_abc, majcosta

Differential Revision: https://reviews.bitcoinabc.org/D7620