[avalanche] Keep track of the rejected proofs

Summary:
This will cause our node to stop requesting/validating them after the
first download.

Ref T1611.

Test Plan:

./test/functional/test_runner.py p2p_inv_download

Reviewers: #bitcoin_abc, PiRK

Reviewed By: #bitcoin_abc, PiRK

Maniphest Tasks: T1611

Differential Revision: https://reviews.bitcoinabc.org/D9675