Move all g_cs_orphans locking to txorphanage

Summary:
Partial backport of core#26295:
https://github.com/bitcoin/bitcoin/pull/26295/commits/733d85f79cde353d8c9b54370f296b1031fa33d9

Depends on D16225 and D16233.

Test Plan:
With Clang and Debug:

ninja all check-all

Run the TSAN build.

Reviewers: #bitcoin_abc, PiRK

Reviewed By: #bitcoin_abc, PiRK

Differential Revision: https://reviews.bitcoinabc.org/D16234