[backport#15288] circular-dependencies: Avoid treating some .h/.cpp files as a unit

Summary:
This avoids a bogus circular dependency error in the next commit:

interfaces/chain -> interfaces/wallet -> wallet/wallet -> interfaces/chain

Which is incorrect, because interfaces/chain.cpp depends only on the
interfaces/wallet.h file, not the interfaces/wallet.cpp file, and it is
wrong to treat these as a unit. Inside the interfaces directory, .h files
contain abstract class definitions and .cpp files contain implementations of
those classes, so you don't need to link against .cpp files if you're only
using the abstract class definition in the .h file.

An alternative fix might be to rename all the cpp files in the interfaces
directory like: chain.cpp->chain_impl.cpp, node.cpp->node_impl.cpp. But just
getting the linter to treat these files as independent dependencies seemed
like it would allow keeping code organization straightforward and avoiding
the need to rename things.

318f41fb2cae0a46b4e4be49156562b8ed640f0c (Russell Yanofski)

Depends on D5866

This is a partial backport of Core PR15288

Test Plan:

cmake .. -GNinja -DENABLE_WERROR=ON -DCMAKE_BUILD_TYPE=Debug -DBUILD_BITCOIN_WALLET=OFF
ninja check-all
cmake .. -GNinja -DENABLE_WERROR=ON -DCMAKE_BUILD_TYPE=Debug
ninja check-all

Reviewers: #bitcoin_abc, deadalnix

Reviewed By: #bitcoin_abc, deadalnix

Subscribers: deadalnix

Differential Revision: https://reviews.bitcoinabc.org/D5867