[addrman] Change addrman #define constants to be constexprs

Summary:
Partial backport of core#22740:
https://github.com/bitcoin/bitcoin/pull/22740/commits/7dc443a62d3c98d8d0849d83060e940356fe32a3#diff-49d1faa58beca1ee1509a247e0331bb91f8604e30a483a7b2dea813e6cea02e2

Depends on D12284.

Test Plan:

ninja all check-all

Reviewers: #bitcoin_abc, PiRK

Reviewed By: #bitcoin_abc, PiRK

Differential Revision: https://reviews.bitcoinabc.org/D12285