[CMAKE] Install stripped and debug parts of targets

Summary:
This diff adds new targets to install stripped versions of the targets
along with their debug symbols. The install-<component>-debug installs
such files for a single component while install-debug applies it to
all the targets.
The components installed via the install-* targets are now always
copied, even if there is no change. This minor incovenience ensures that
there is no way to split a binary twice, which would lead to empty debug
symbols.
This is not available on OSX for now as the split-debug.sh script
needs to be adapted (the strip arguments differ on OSX).

Depends on D7236.

Test Plan:
For Linux and Windows:

ninja install-bitcoind-debug

Check the binaries/libs are stripped and the debug symbols available
with them.

ninja install-bitcoind-debug

Check the result is identical.

Reviewers: #bitcoin_abc, deadalnix

Reviewed By: #bitcoin_abc, deadalnix

Differential Revision: https://reviews.bitcoinabc.org/D7239