Add a script for setting up Debian build containers

Summary:
This script provides instructions for setting up necessary dependencies for CI builds.
The script will be run on a clean container that is abstracted away from the build process.

This script is not currently comprehensive for all builds, but runs build-master successfully.
This is a good starting point for migrating CI to containerized builds.

When matured, we will have multiple of these setup scripts for different types of containers
in order to support things like cross-platform builds.

Test Plan:
Spin up a new container, run this script, then run tests like usual:

ABC_BUILD_NAME=build-werror ./contrib/teamcity/build-configurations.sh
ABC_BUILD_NAME=build-master ./contrib/teamcity/build-configurations.sh

Reviewers: #bitcoin_abc, deadalnix

Reviewed By: #bitcoin_abc, deadalnix

Subscribers: deadalnix

Differential Revision: https://reviews.bitcoinabc.org/D5500