scripts: add checks for minimum required OS versions

Summary:

scripts: LIEF 0.11.5

https://github.com/lief-project/LIEF/blob/551ede538abeca63a158bd7c42b6b6337c92a26e/doc/sphinx/changelog.rst#L20-L21

:MachO:
  * Fix error on property :attr:`lief.MachO.BuildVersion.sdk` (see :issue:`533`)

scripts: check minimum required macOS vesion is set

We use a compile flag (-mmacosx-version-min) to set the minimum required
version of macOS needed to run our binaries. This adds a sanity check
that the version is being set as expected.

scripts: check minimum required Windows version is set

We use linker flags (-Wl,--major/minor-subsystem-version) to set the
minimum required version of Windows needed to run our binaries. This
adds a sanity check that the version is being set as expected.

scripts: check macOS SDK version is set

Clangs Darwin driver should infer the SDK version used during compilation, and
forward that through to the linker. Add a check that this has been done, and the
expected SDK version is set.

Should help prevent issues like #21771 in future.

scripts: more robustly test macOS symbol checks

build: enforce minimum required Windows version (7)

This is a backport of core#21871, core#18956 and a partial backport of core#22381
https://github.com/bitcoin/bitcoin/pull/22381/commits/1946b5f77cb5a6bb37500252079c3582cac4a6c9

Test Plan: gitian-win gitian-osx

Reviewers: #bitcoin_abc, Fabien

Reviewed By: #bitcoin_abc, Fabien

Subscribers: Fabien

Differential Revision: https://reviews.bitcoinabc.org/D13802