ci: ubsan report_error_type=1 and add suppressions
Summary:
This is a partial backport of core#17517, core#20430 and core#20844
https://github.com/bitcoin/bitcoin/pull/17517/commits/fa1bfc476c9208a4c412c8ca74d05f52bb47766f
Test Plan:
With UBSAN:
ninja && ninja check
Reviewers: #bitcoin_abc, sdulfari, Fabien
Reviewed By: #bitcoin_abc, sdulfari, Fabien
Subscribers: Fabien, sdulfari
Differential Revision: https://reviews.bitcoinabc.org/D12797