qa: Add missing coverage of corrupt indexes
Summary:
This is a partial backport of core#32010
https://github.com/bitcoin/bitcoin/pull/32010/commits/7ac281c19cd3d11f316dbbb3308eabf1ad4f26d6
Depends on D18622
Test Plan: ninja check-functional
Reviewers: #bitcoin_abc, Fabien
Reviewed By: #bitcoin_abc, Fabien
Differential Revision: https://reviews.bitcoinabc.org/D18623