Move validation of consensus rules relative to transaction in consensus/tx_verify.cpp

Summary:
This diff is similar in spirit to core PR8329 but is not a direct backport because consensus rules between BTC and BCH differs in such a manner it is not directly possible.

Depends on D1738

Test Plan:

make check

Reviewers: #bitcoin_abc, schancel

Reviewed By: #bitcoin_abc, schancel

Subscribers: teamcity

Differential Revision: https://reviews.bitcoinabc.org/D1739