Change LogAcceptCategory to use uint32_t rather than sets of strings.

Summary:
Backport of core's PR9424

Depends on D894

Test Plan:

make check
./test/functional/test-runner.py

Reviewers: schancel, #bitcoin_abc

Reviewed By: schancel, #bitcoin_abc

Differential Revision: https://reviews.bitcoinabc.org/D896