symbol-check: Check requested ELF interpreter

Summary:
It is important that binaries request a standard interpreter location
where most distros would place the linker-loader. Otherwise, the user
would be met with a very confusing message:

bash: <path>/<to>/bitcoind: No such file or directory

When really it's the interpreter that's not found.

This is a backport of core#23148

Test Plan:
gitian linux
guix build

Reviewers: #bitcoin_abc, Fabien

Reviewed By: #bitcoin_abc, Fabien

Differential Revision: https://reviews.bitcoinabc.org/D13953