test: display command line options passed to send_cli() in debug log

Summary:
Co-authored-by: MarcoFalke <falke.marco@gmail.com>

The changes in interface_bitcoin_cli.py were already applied in our codebase.

This is a backport of Core PR18712

Test Plan:
Add a failure (assert False) in interface_bitcoin_cli.py after a call to send_cli()
Check the presence of the new debug message in the log, just before the failure.

Reviewers: #bitcoin_abc, Fabien

Reviewed By: #bitcoin_abc, Fabien

Differential Revision: https://reviews.bitcoinabc.org/D8963