Add compile time checking for all cs_main runtime locking assertions

Summary:
This turned out to be fairly different from the original due to numerous changes in our codebase.

This is a backport of Core PR13083

Test Plan:

ninja all check

Using clang as a compiler

Reviewers: #bitcoin_abc, Fabien

Reviewed By: #bitcoin_abc, Fabien

Subscribers: Fabien

Differential Revision: https://reviews.bitcoinabc.org/D4094