Fix mistakenly swapped lock orders in logging

Summary:

This PR:

• fixes printed lock orders
• improves the sync_tests unit test
• makes the "detected inconsistent lock order" error message pointing to the lock location rather tfm::format() location.

This is a backport of core#19353

Test Plan: ninja all check-all

Reviewers: #bitcoin_abc, majcosta

Reviewed By: #bitcoin_abc, majcosta

Differential Revision: https://reviews.bitcoinabc.org/D9731