Index: Use prune locks for blockfilterindex

Summary:
Prior to this change blocks could be pruned up to the last block before the blockfilterindex current best block.

This is a partial backport of core#21726, core#26215 and core#24410
https://github.com/bitcoin/bitcoin/pull/21726/commits/f08c9fb0c6a799e3cb75ca5f763a746471625beb
https://github.com/bitcoin/bitcoin/pull/26215/commits/8891949bdcb25093d3a6703ae8228c3c3687d3a4 (fixes a race introduced by previous commit)
https://github.com/bitcoin/bitcoin/pull/24410/commits/52b1939993771d0a8a718ca1667241872de8241a

Depends on D16096

Test Plan: cmake .. -GNinja -DBUILD_BITCOIN_CHAINSTATE=ON && ninja all check-all

Reviewers: #bitcoin_abc, Fabien

Reviewed By: #bitcoin_abc, Fabien

Differential Revision: https://reviews.bitcoinabc.org/D16097