Use adapter pattern for the network deserializer

Summary:
Partial backport 3/7 of core PR16202:
https://github.com/bitcoin/bitcoin/pull/16202/commits/efecb74677222f6c70adf7f860c315f430d39ec4

Depends on D8223.

Test Plan:

ninja all check-all

Reviewers: #bitcoin_abc, PiRK, jasonbcox

Reviewed By: #bitcoin_abc, PiRK, jasonbcox

Differential Revision: https://reviews.bitcoinabc.org/D8224